Slide 1 = Colony Collapse Disorder

0 Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is a phenomenon in which worker bees abruptly

disappear mostly in North America and Europe.

1 Presence of the Queen bee is the most important indicator of a CCD

2 Causes:

1. Pesticides

2. Varroa mites

3. Israeli acute paralysis virus

4. Nosema

5. Viral and fungal combination

6. Fungicides

7. Antibiotics and miticides

8. Fluvalinate/coumaphos

Slide 2 = Environmental Dimension

3 Impacts on Biodiversity

Slide 3 = Economical Dimension

4 Food Shortage
Slide 4 = International Security Dimension

5 Food Crisis