TU981 10005

S200412002

RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF

LARGE-SCALE RAILWAY PASSENGER
STATIONS: WITH THE CASE OF BEIJING WEST
RAILWAY STATION

2007.05 2007.07

100


10

 ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT
This thesis reviews the basic theories, such as the influence of city traffic on
urban spatial structure and evolution of land-use patterns, the relation between railway
and city, the relation between railway traffic and urban land use, layout of railway
station, etc. Through the analysis of different cases of the construction and renovation
of domestic and international railway stations, discovered a number of distinctive
design concepts, for example, "zero distance transfer" traffic organization,
"Multi-city" three-dimensional organic traffic, and inside-outside infiltration of urban
space, space integration combined with function in station room, the experience in
internal space, the integrated design with city, the great complex, activation point of
city subsidiary center, secure and efficient rhythm of development, and so on. Those
are worth learning for us in construction and renovation process of our railway
stations.
China railway construction meets the good opportunity for leapfrog development;
new master plan of Beijing also put forward a new requirement for Beijing railway
passenger junctions. This thesis analyzes and emphasizes actively developing
suburban railway, to service for two belt and multi-center. For Beijing west
railway station, after discussed its construction process, site selection, general
situation of development and stressed its important position in national railway
system and Beijing's urban traffic system, this thesis presents the "lame walk", traffic
jams, and security risks and other problems in the development of Beijing west
railway station. Also, regards traffic flow line, function transformation, and space
optimization as three major areas, proposes a series of 10 reform strategies for the
arrival and departure system and the use of space in Beijing west railway station.
From some of these measures and strategies, inspiration of outstanding cases of
domestic and international railway stations and advanced design concepts can be
found for flexible and practical use.
In the future development of surrounding area of Beijing west railway station, the
urban renewal of north square and its surrounding areas should emphasize the
extension of underground space and the urban design of the "Beijing west
station-China millennium monument" axis. This thesis also analyzes the problems of
temporary ticket offices in north square reflected during spring festival travel seasons


in recent years, and proposes the feasible location of additional ticket offices.
This thesis queries the large scale commercial construction in underground space
of south square, after specific calculations of passenger traffic flow and parking
demand, we think that the main underground space of south square should be used for
park. Also, proposes the detailed function of South Square and its underground space
in the traffic flow evacuation, coping with the peak period specially in spring festival
travel season and public security, and makes the analysis of feasibility.
Finally, This thesis proposes that the south square of Beijing west railway station
and Lotus Lake park should share to undertake the task of accommodating the crowd
dispersed and ensconced when Beijing west railway station in emergency situation.
Furthermore, this thesis proposes that renovates the Lotus River and Lake system and
the green environment, fully explores the historical, cultural and humanistic value of
Lotus Lake, makes it as heritage of founding capital which represents the culture of
Liao and Jin dynasty in Beijing, to show a beautiful picture of "Park in Station,
Station in Park", construct the "Station-Lake complex" with the rich contents of green,
technology and humanity. And develops integrated with Lize business district,
forming a dynamic and charismatic city subsidiary center, further promotes the
development of the southwestern region of Beijing.

KEY WORDSRailway passenger station, Beijing west railway station, Urban

renewal


ABSTRACT

1 ........................................................1
1.1 ...............................................................................................1
1.2 ...............................................................................................3
1.3 ...................................................................4
1.4 .......................................................................................6
1.5 ...................................................................................................7

2 .........................9
2.1 ...................................................9
2.1.1 (1890 ) .............................................................9
2.1.2 (1890-1920)...........................................................10
2.1.3 (1920-)...............................................................11
2.1.4 (1950) ............................................11
2.1.5 (1964) ........................................................12
2.2 .................................................................................13
2.2.1 ...........................................13
2.2.2 ...............................................................14
2.3 .....................................................................15
2.3.1 .......................................................................16
2.3.2 ...............................................18
2.3.3 ...................................................19
2.3.4 .......................................................................21
2.4 .................................................21
2.4.1 ...............................................................21
2.4.2 ...............................................23
2.4.3 ...............................................................23
2.5 .................................................................................................28

3 ..............................29
3.1 .........................................................29


3.1.1 ...............................................................29
3.1.2 .......................................................................32
3.1.3 .......................................................................35
3.1.4 .......................................................................38
3.2 .................................................................40
3.2.1 .......................................40
3.2.2 .......................................................................41
3.2.3 ...........................................................42
3.3 .........................................................43
3.3.1 .......................................................................................44
3.3.2 ...................................................................................46
3.4 .........................................................51
3.4.1 .......................................51
3.4.2 ...................................................51
3.4.3 ...............54
3.5 .................................................................................................60

4 ................................63
4.1 .........................................................63
4.1.1 ...............................................................63
4.1.2 ...........................................................64
4.1.3 ...................................................................65
4.2 .....................................................................66
4.2.1 .......................66
4.2.2 ...................................................................68
4.2.3 ...................................................................70
4.2.4 ...........................................................73
4.3 .................................................................78
4.3.1 .......................................................................78
4.3.2 ...........................................................79
4.3.3 ...................................................80
4.4 .........................81
4.4.1 ...........................................................................81
4.4.2 ...............................................................88


4.4.3 ...............................................................92
4.5 ...............................................................................................105

5 .................................107
5.1 .......................107
5.1.1 .....................................107
5.1.2 .....................................107
5.2 ...........................................................108
5.2.1 .........................................................................109
5.2.2 .........................................................................110
5.3 ...........................................................114
5.3.1 .................................................................114
5.3.2 .............................................115
5.3.3 .............................................................117
5.4 ...........................121
5.4.1 .....................................................121
5.4.2 .........................................122
5.4.3 .....................127
5.4.4 .........................................130
5.5 ...............................................................................................133

.............................................................135

..........................................................139

.............................................................143

..................................149

..........................................................151
 1

4 5 CAD
CAD

1.1

[ 1 ]
20042020

19 30
170
20 60

[1]
...2001,(9):20

-1-


2007 3 15 2006
2006 7.7
288285 7.1%
125656 8. 9%

- 2 -
 1

[ 1 ]

10

1.2

[1]
...2005.12

-3-


1.3

300

[ 1 ]

[1]
...2005.5

- 4 -
 1

6070

2005 10 AREP

1998 4 21

2001
6 21Frankfurt 21
20
2004 2
AREP
2001 1 2004
11 2005 10

-5-


[ 1 ]

2002
2

2001 5

2006 4

1.4

[1]
...2006.6

- 6 -
 1

1.5

2005 2006

-7-
 2

2.1

2.1.1 (1890 )

4
1 15 19
1860 36400 /

1832

-9-


19 80

[ 1 ]
2-1a 2-1b

2-1
Fig. 2-1 Urban layout patterns under the influence of different mode of transportation
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
. ..2001

2.1.2 (1890-1920)

1888 19 80

24km/h
24

[1]
,..,1999(1)

- 10 -
 2

2-1c

2.1.3 (1920-)

20 20

[ 1 ] 2-1d

2.1.4 (1950)

20 50

20 80

[ 2 ] 2-1e

[1]
...2005.2
[2]
,...1999(1)

- 11 -


2-1f

2.1.5 (1964)

1964 10 1
515.4 210
200 1981 9 22
251
1994 12 2020
10000
250 15000 25000
[ 1 ]

2-2

2-2
Fig. 2-2 Planning of European high-speed railway network
...2006 1

[1]
...2006(1):37

- 12 -
 2

2.2

21

19 20

20

[ 1 ]

[ 2 ]

2.2.1

[1]
..21 ..2002:12-28
[2]
...1995(2):12

- 13 -


2.2.2

2.2.2.1

20

2.2.2.2

- 14 -
 2

[ 1 ]
[ 2 ]

2.3

20 20

[1]
...2003(4):59
[2]
...1982

- 15 -


2.3.1

[ 1 ]

[ 2 ]
1(EWBurgess)
1923

30-60 ( 2-3a)

2(HHoyt)
1939

[1]
,...1998
[2]
...2000

- 16 -
 2

( 2-3b

1945

( 2-3c )

- 17 -


(a) (b) (c)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 8. 7.. 9.
2-3

Fig. 2-3 Three classic model of urban land use

...2002

(After Mann)
(Dickinson)

2010

()

[ 1 ]

2.3.2

[1]
...2003.5

- 18 -
 2

[ 1 ]

TGV

3.1.1

2.3.3

[1]
...2002(7)

- 19 -


Walter Christaller
1984

[ 1 ]

20
0.1 600

[1]
...2002(2):2

- 20 -
 2

2.3.4

(Urban Catalysts) 20 90 Wayne

AttoneDorm Logan

[ 1 ]

2.4

2.4.1

1830
170 120

[1]
...1998(4):54

- 21 -


110

19 St.Pancras
2-4 20
2-5

2-4 2-5

Fig. 2-4 St.Pancras railway station, London Fig. 2-5 Central railway Station, Milan

[ 1 ] S.Lucia 2-6

20 60

[1]
...1995

- 22 -
 2

2-6 1954

Fig. 2-6 S.Lucia railway station, Venice, reconstruction in 1954

2.4.2

2.4.3

2.4.3.1

- 23 -


(1)

(2)

[1]
(3)

[ 2 ] 2-7

[ 3 ]

25km 38km

[1]
...1996(4):94
[2]
...2001
[3]
...1998(4):5

- 24 -
 2

[ 1 ]

2.4.3.2

:
(1)

[ 2 ] 2-8

(a) (a) (b)

(b) (c)
2-7 2-8

Fig. 2-7 Location of Railway station in the city Fig. 2-8 The number of railway station
...2001
(2)

[1]
...1996(4):94
[2]
...2001

- 25 -


2.4.3.3

2-9
3.1.2

2.4.3.4

[ 1 ] 2-10a

2

[1]
...2001

- 26 -
 2

2-10a
3

[ 1 ]
4
2-10b

(a) (a)
(b) (b)
2-9 2-10
Fig. 2-9 Link from railway station to the city Fig. 2-10 The type of railway station
...2001

[1]
...1998(4):6

- 27 -


2.5

- 28 -
 3

3.1

3.1.1

[1]
TGV
()Lille-Europe
TGV Station(Lille-Flandres)
TGV 3-1
1300
3
3-2

(Grand Palais)
3-3

TGV

3-4

[1]
Arep.TGV..2005(10):70

- 29 -


3-1
Fig. 3-1 Aerial view of Lille-Europe high-speed railway station area (left is north)
2007 5 GoogleEarth
TGV

[ 1 ]

[ 2 ]

[1]
...2004
[2]
Luva Bertolini and Tejo Spit.Cities on rails: the redevelopment of railway station areas.E&FN Spon.1998

- 30 -
 3

3-2
Fig. 3-2 Urban renewal of Lille-Europe high-speed railway station area

- 31 -


3-3 7000 (Lille Grand Palais)
Fig. 3-3 Lille Grand Palais which include exhibition hall and 7000 seats conference hall
http://www.oma.nl

TGV
3-4
Fig. 3-4 urban renewal of Lille-Europe high-speed railway station area
http://www.oma.nl

3.1.2

3-5

1996 20
(G.P. Eggert)

3-6
2

- 32 -
 3

19 21 [ 1 ]

3-5
Fig. 3-5 Aerial view of Frankfurt railway station area
2007 5 GoogleEarth

3-6
Fig. 3-6 Main building of Frankfurt railway station
http://infoshako.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp http://itech.dickinson.edu

3-7 3

[1]
Frankfurt 21...2001(6):46

- 33 -


70

3-8

3-7
Fig. 3-7 Plan model of urban renewal of Frankfurt railway station area
Frankfurt 21...2001 6

- 34 -
 3

3-8
Fig. 3-8 urban renewal of Frankfurt railway station area rebuilds the booming of city center
Frankfurt 21...2001 6

3.1.3

1995 21
109
( 3-9)

109 11000
24000 [ 1 ]

Christoph Ingenhoven

[ 2 ]

[1]
...1998(4):42
[2]
...2000(9):70

- 35 -


3-9
Fig. 3-9 Aerial view of Stuttgart railway station area
2007 5 GoogleEarth

3-10 3-11 3-12

3-13

3-10 3-11

Fig. 3-10 Historical main building of station Fig. 3-11 Glass shell as entrance shown in model
http://dengjie.org.cn http://Forum.SkyscraperPage.com

- 36 -
 3

3-12
Fig. 3-12 Glass shells as entrances in different direction and historical tower shown in model
http://Forum.SkyscraperPage.com

3-13
Fig. 3-13 "light eyes" to link the underground platform
http://Forum.SkyscraperPage.com

( 3-14)

- 37 -


( 3-15)

3-14 3-15

Fig. 3-14 Section of platform Fig. 3-15 Model of surrounding area's renewal

http://Forum.SkyscraperPage.com

3.1.4

9
9

3-16
(King's Cross)

3-16 9
St.Pancras
Fig. 3-16 Platform 9 of Kings Cross

Midland

3 3-17

CTRL1996
CTRL Thamslink

- 38 -
 3

[ 1 ]

3-17
Fig. 3-17 Aerial view of King's Cross railway station area (right is north)
2007 5 GoogleEarth
52
20
3-18

3-18
Fig. 3-18 Plan of King's Cross railway station area (right is north)
http://Forum.SkyscraperPage.com

[1]
Luva Bertolini and Tejo Spit.Cities on rails: the redevelopment of railway station areas.E&FN Spon.1998

- 39 -


3.2

3.2.1

7
2000 12
[ 1 ] 3-19

3-19
Fig. 3-19 Chinese "Eight vertical and eight horizontal" railway network
http://www.gissea.cn

[1]

- 40 -
 3

3.2.2

2004 1 20042020
2020

20 1600 1800

20042020 2020
10 50

2020

""
3-20 1.2
200
1""[ 1 ]


()

[1]
http://www.gov.cn/ztzl/2005-09/16/content_64413.htm

- 41 -


2""




3

3-20
Fig. 3-20 Chinese Medium and long term railway network planning
...2004 6

3.2.3

2006
20042020
17000
7000 8000
15000 2010 9
45% 20000 18

- 42 -
 3

35000 [ 1 ]
3-21

3-21
Fig. 3-21 Chinese eleven five year railway network planning
http://www.china-mor.gov.cn

3.3

1990

[1]
http://www.china-mor.gov.cn/tllwjs/tlwgh_2.html

- 43 -


3.3.1

2006 5
3-22

3-22
Fig. 3-22 Night Landscape of Shanghai south railway station
...2004 2

1 3 L1 3
3-23

3-24 3-25

3-26
3-27

- 44 -
 3

[ 1 ]

3-23
Fig. 3-23 Departure transfer schematic drawing of Shanghai south railway station
http://www.arep.fr ,

3-24 3-25

Fig. 3-24 Outer Ring road lead to highway Fig. 3-25 Plan of Shanghai south railway station
http://www.ly321.com http://www.arep.fr

20min

3-27 3-28

[1]
...2006(4):78

- 45 -


3-29
3-30

3-27 3-28

Fig. 3-27 See the waiting room and Fig. 3-28 Different elevation is
ticket entrance from ring hall naturally resolved by ramp
http://www.arep.fr http://www.ly321.com

3-29 3-30

Fig. 3-29 Waiting room full of sunlight and green Fig. 3-30 Interesting departure passage
http://www.ly321.com http://www.ly321.com

3.3.2

1989

193km

- 46 -
 3

3-31Terry Farrell

7 5
3-31
Fig. 3-31 Aerial view of Kowloon railway station area
2007 5 GoogleEarth
1992 10 13.4
(

- 47 -


)
Union square
22 [ 1 ] 102
7 3-32 3-33
90
[ 2 ] 3-34 3-35

18
( 3-36 3-37)

3-32 3-33
Fig. 3-32 Planning Model of Union square Fig. 3-33 Plan and development sequence
3-32 ...1998 6
3-33

12

[1]
...2000(4):44
[2]
...1998(6):52

- 48 -
 3

3-34 7 3-35 7
Fig. 3-34 Union square phase 7 as landmark Fig. 3-35 Compared with other domestic tower
http://www.shkp.com http://www.digitalvoodoo.de ,

3-36 5 3-37
Fig. 3-36 Five phase construction Fig. 3-37 Building entrance on the platform
http://lambcutlet.org http://www.digitalvoodoo.de

[ 1 ]

3-38 3-39 3280

14
34 71
3-40

[1]
...1998(6):56

- 49 -


3-38 3-39
Fig. 3-38 Multi-layer city Fig. 3-39 Function diagram of floors
...2000 4 ,

3-40
Fig. 3-40 longitudinal section of Kowloon railway station
...1998 6

- 50 -
 3

3.4

3.4.1

2001

[ 1 ]

3.4.2

[1]
...2004(1):55

- 51 -


10 3-41

3-41
Fig. 3-41 Beijing railway junction Layout schematic drawing
http://bbs.hasea.com/archiver/?tid-151588.html
3-42

80 2200
11 20
1996
95
15 30
1897 100
35

- 52 -
 3

400 500
1909

100

3-42
Fig. 3-42 Railway stations in Beijing city


7

100
200

- 53 -


3.4.3

3.4.3.1 20042020

2005 1 (20042020)

20042020
3-43
1

[ 1 ]

[1]
...2004,17:10

- 54 -
 3

6
3-43
Fig. 3-43 Relation between Beijing Railway and master plan

3.4.3.2

1000

[ 1 ]

30 %40 %

[1]
.. .2001(4):23

- 55 -


20 70 80

1/4
24 1/5
20 90
47.5
1182.5 4.0%
5 3 2
190 2.6%
70%
90% 3-1

691.5 429
38.3% 54.3%

3-1
Table 3-1 Length ratio of suburban railway in urban rail transport


km km km km %
275 1800 2075 86.7
210 9.1 1512 1731.1 87.3 RER
408 27 3640 4075 89.3
289.1 94 1846.1 2229.2 82.8 GMT
443.2 35.5 1109 1587.7 69.8
691.5 429 1120.5 38.3
260 110 440 810 54.3 R
RER GMT
...20044

- 56 -
 3

30% 7% 21%
86% 40.5%
10%30%49% 20 80

0.2%3.4%[ 1 ]

96% 3 4

500
78

3.4.3.3

20042020
3-44

3-45
()
1860 200
300 2020
3-46

[1]
...2004(4):12

- 57 -


2230 (
) 350 ()
200 2006 2
2020

3-44
Fig. 3-44 "Four main two auxiliary" stations planning in Beijing Railway passenger juction

3-45 3-46
Fig. 3-45 Track of Beijing-Harbin Dedicated Passenger railway
Fig. 3-46 Track of Beijing-Guangzhou Dedicated Passenger railway
3-19

2004 12 24

- 58 -
 3

3 5
6 12 4 7
22.6
10500 2015
1.5 2020 1.9

3-47 1318
21 350
5
9

2006 3-47

3 2007 Fig. 3-47 Track of Beijing-Shanghai

2010 Dedicated Passenger railway

2005 3-19

7 4
115 3-48 4 14

2005
2010 11 17 22
230 2015 33 44 450
13

- 59 -


[ 1 ]

3-48
Fig. 3-48 Track of Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway

:

3.5

[1]
...2000(7):21

- 60 -
 3

100

- 61 -
 4

4.1

4.1.1

4-1

4-1
Fig. 4-1 Transfer mode after the train arrival
...2004.5.
1994 12 160 1998 1

[ 1 ]

[1]
...2005(7):76

- 63 -


[ 1 ]

4.1.2

[ 2 ]

[1]
...2005.5
[2]
...2004(1):35

- 64 -
 4

4.1.3

[ 1 ]
Atocha
4-2

Fig. 4-2 Plants in Atocha station

http://homepage2.nifty.com

4-2

3.3.1

4-3

Fig.4-3Florence station hall

[1]
...2006(4):78

- 65 -


4-3

4.2

4.2.1

1996 1
21 10 30

1 4-4
Fig. 4-4 "Mao Zedong" Train in opening ceremony
http://www.eku.cc/xzy/sctx/122679.htm
4-4
3
1956

1959
5

1960
(
)

30
80
1990
20 90

- 66 -
 4

[ 1 ]
1991 12 1993 1 19

52 66 41 8

4-5 102 739

4-6

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
4-5
Fig. 4-5 Master plan of Beijing west railway station

[1]
...2000(1):49

- 67 -


4-6
Fig. 4-6 View buildings of Beijing west railway station from southwest
http://www.fengniao.com

1996 1 21

4.3

4.2.2

1993

3000

1994 12

4-7

- 68 -
 4

4-7
Fig. 4-7 Lotus Lake is the water source place of Ji city

[ 1 ]

4-8

2000 800

[1]
...1988

- 69 -


4-8
Fig. 4-8 Lotus Lake part supply a part of water for middle capital of Jin dynasty

4.2.3

4.2.3.1

4-9
45 2007 95 15
30

- 70 -
 4

2007
95 59 146

4-9 2006
Fig. 4-9 Arrival and departure lines of Beijing west railway station, 2006
3-19
2006 13
14
2007
4-9

4.2.3.2

6.8
4-10 7 9
2006 1438
746 616.6

- 71 -


4-10
Fig. 4-10 Position of Beijing west railway station in urban traffic system

4.3
4-11 2006

18

- 72 -
 4

4-11 2005
Fig. 4-11 Bus lines pass Beijing west railway station, 2005

4.2.4

52
41
(
)()
(
)
1. 2. 3.
4-12
4. 5. 6.
30
7. 8. 9.
()
10. 11. 12.

739 103
4-12
U
Fig. 4-12 Schematic plan of buildings
15 2

- 73 -


438 50 50.40
4 45 1800
[ 1 ] 27 27 40 102
4-13 4-14

4-13
Fig. 4-13 Facade of north main building
...1996 5

4-14
Fig. 4-14 North Facade of north main building

[ 2 ] ( 4-15 4-16)

[1]
...1995(11):660
[2]
.. .1996(5):3

- 74 -
 4

()
()

4-17

4-15 4-16
Fig. 4-15 Indoor lighting roof Fig. 4-16 Roof frame extends to outdoor

4-17
Fig. 4-17 Night landscape of north main building
http://bulo.163.com
650 70 5.2

- 75 -


( 4-18)

4-18
Fig. 4-18 North square of Beijing west railway station

217 l58
45000
9 20 217 74 (
4-19)
60000
39m 8 () 6
30m 3 18m 20m

( 4-20)

- 76 -
 4

4-19
Fig. 4-19 Main south-north passage of underground 2F

400 125

10 2006 2003
24 180

( 4-21)

4-20 4-21
Fig. 4-20 South main building Fig. 4-21 Guofeng sculpture in the middle of South square


55.8 14.1
41.7

- 77 -


4.3

23
90 2006 5 79 7
15
137 30 2006 5 10
13 7
2007 95 13
146
90

4.3.1

40%-50% 25%-30%

10

4.3.1.1

1996

2005 8

700

- 78 -
 4

5.3

2 7

5.2

52

4.3.1.2

7 9
17 3.6
2.5

7
9
4-22

4-22
Fig. 4-22 Steps lead to the subway
platform of underground 3F

4.3.2

- 79 -


1996 2004 1742 4906

182% 1420 2539 78.8%
50
4 [ 1 ]
30

20
2006 2
22
2

4.3.3

2004 2 5
37 15

146 30

2006 1 19

12 20 10
119 4-23
6

[1]
..2006

- 80 -
 4

4-23 119 10
Fig. 4-23 More than 10 million people stay in Beijing west railway station on 119
20 2 5
11

4.4

10

4.4.1

4.4.1.1

4-24
1

2


3

- 81 -


4-24
Fig. 4-24 Analyse of Present Status of passenger departure walking streamlines

4.4.1.2

4-25
1

- 82 -
 4

4-25
Fig. 4-25 Analyse of Present Status of Taxi arrival and departure streamlines in north square

4.4.1.3

4-26 4-27

4.4.2.1

- 83 -


4-28

4-26 4-27
Fig. 4-26 Taxi driveway in underground 2F Fig. 4-27 Taxi blocks on the ground

4-28
Fig. 4-26 Modification proposal for Taxi access streamline in north square

- 84 -
 4

4.4.1.4

42 22
20 5

1 4-29 4-30
2 4-31

4-29
Fig. 4-29 Analyse of Present Status of bus arrival and departure streamlines in home station

4-30
Fig. 4-30 Bus stop along the way before enter the home station

- 85 -


4-31
Fig. 4-31 Conflict point of arrival and departure streamlines
2006 3 GoogleEarth
4-32
1
2
3

4-32
Fig. 4-32 Modification proposal for bus arrival and departure streamlines in home station

4.4.1.5

4-33

- 86 -
 4

2
3

4-33
Fig. 4-33 Present Status of departure passage in the building



1
2
4-34
1
2
3
4
5

- 87 -


8 +

4-34
Fig. 4-34 Modification proposal for departure passage in the building


4.4.3.1

4.4.2

4.4.2.1

4-35

4-36

4-37 4-38
1

- 88 -
 4

4-35
Fig. 4-35 Present Status of west ground park in north square

4-36
Fig. 4-36 Heavy east and light west in parks of north square
2006 3 GoogleEarth

- 89 -


4-37
Fig. 4-37 Modification proposal for west ground park in north square

4-38
Fig. 4-38 Plan of modification proposal for west ground park in north square

4.4.2.2

825 240 149

145 291 4-39 4-40 2006
240 11000 149
8000 1401
2.2 1.2
- 90 -
 4

4-41

4-39
Fig. 4-39 Present Status of parks in north square

4-40
Fig. 4-40 Investigation of Present Status of parks in north square

- 91 -


1 2
4.4.2.1
2
4.4.1.3
3

4-41
Fig. 4-41 Modification proposal for parks function in north square

4.4.3

4.4.3.1

8 11

- 92 -
 4

4-42
2008

VIP

4-42

Fig. 4-42 Chaotic stamp and coin market

2008

4-43

4-43

Fig. 4-43 Change market to waiting room
GB 50226-95
for sleeping cars and emergency

3
3%
H=19000 [ 1 ] 190003%=570 1995

570

5 5000 1000
4-44

[1]
...2006(2):10

- 93 -


4-44
Fig. 4-44 Function of waiting room for sleeping cars and emergency

4-45

4-45
Fig. 4-45 Analysis of the Feasibility of passengers streamlines for sleeping cars and emergency

- 94 -
 4

4.4.3.2

4-46

4-46
Fig. 4-46 Present Status of retails on the ground of north square

4-47

- 95 -


4-48

4-47
Fig. 4-47 Modification proposal for the services on the ground of north square

4-48
Fig. 4-48 Problem of south end of east bridge in north square

- 96 -
 4

4.4.3.3

4-49

4-50 4-51

4-49 4-50
Fig. 4-49 Position of east and west open space Fig. 4-50 Modification proposal of these spaces

4-51
Fig. 4-51 Interior perspective of open space

- 97 -


4-52 4-53

4-52
Fig. 4-52 Modification proposal of these spaces by adding plants and soft sculpture

4-53
Fig. 4-53 Glass ceiling can be opened or closed

4.4.3.4

4-54 4-57

4-54
Fig. 4-54 Functions of underground 1F

- 98 -
 4

4-55
Fig. 4-55 Investigation of present status of underground 1F

4-56
Fig. 4-56 Investigation of present status of underground 2F

- 99 -


4-57
Fig. 4-57 Functions of underground 2F

( 4-58 )
2
( 4-58 )
3
( 4-59 )
4
( 4-59 )

4-58 12
Fig. 4-58 Modification proposal (1) and (2) for spaces functions

- 100 -
 4

4-59 34
Fig. 4-59 Modification proposal (3) and (4) for spaces functions

4.4.3.5

360 4-60

4-60
Fig. 4-60 Analyse of parts in space along center axis


218

- 101 -


4-61 4-62

4-61
Fig. 4-61 Change themes of parts

4-62
Fig. 4-62 Dimension analyse of main south-north passage

- 102 -
 4

4-63

4-63
Fig. 4-63 Different methods of visual feeling creating for spaces

4-64

4-64
Fig. 4-64 Decoration methods of feeling to add height of space

- 103 -


4-65

4-65
Fig. 4-65 Decoration methods of showing tradition character

- 104 -
 4

LED

4-66

Fig. 4-66 Enhance feeling of the space by simulating the sky

4-66

4.5

- 105 -
 5

5.1

5.1.1

Dieter Bartetzko
[ 1 ]

23
60

5.1.2

[1]
: ...2006(4):76

- 107 -


[ 1 ]
3

5.2

1996

[1]
...2004(1):32

- 108 -
 5

4 2006

7 9

7 9
20042020[ 1 ] 9 2010

20042015 [ 2 ] 2008 2012

5.2.1

2006 9 10
2007
7.4
4.5 900
15

5-1

20

[1]
20042020

(http://www.moc.gov.cn/06beijing/fazhangh/200606/t20060610_33746.html)
[2]
2007 1 30 .

http://www.bjpc.gov.cn/gzdt/200701/t150473.htm

- 109 -


5-1
Fig. 5-1 Schematic drawing of south square of Beijing west railway station
2006 9 13 A08

5.2.2

5.2.2.1 7 9

9 2010
1 9

5-2
9 2007 2010
16.45 14

4
9 400
20
9 7 5-3
7 2012

------
----------

- 110 -
 5

5-2 7 9
Fig. 5-2 No.7 and No.9 subway connect Beijing west railway station to urban rail traffic network
2004-2020

5-3
Fig. 5-3 Analyse of transfer streamlines after subways open

- 111 -


5.2.2.2

2004 2020
5-4 5-5

2005 12 24
9.16
7.2 5-6 21
39 2008
5400 6000
600 600

2010
72 2015 85

5-4 5-5
Fig. 5-4 Underground straight rail transit lines for four major passenger railway stations
Fig. 5-5 Underground straight rail transit line for Beijing and Beijing west railway station

- 112 -
 5

5-6
Fig. 5-6 Track of underground Straight Rail Transit Line for Beijing-Beijing west railway station

2008 9 2010
2
5-7

5-7
Fig. 5-7 Connect to urban rail traffic network by underground Straight Rail Transit Line

- 113 -


2 7 9

5.3

5.3.1

5-8

Fig. 5-8 Integrate Olympics elements into architecture landscape

(
)

45
50

5-9

Fig. 5-9 Integrate Olympics elements into interior space

- 114 -
 5

6000

WTO

2008

5-8 5-9

5.3.2

5.3.2.1

5-10

2006

2008

5-11

600

5-10
Fig. 5-10 Ruihai mansion was not been built for long time
2005

- 115 -


5-11
Fig. 5-11 Extension of underground space
2005

5.3.2.2

1.6
5-12

5-12
5-13
Fig. 5-12 Axis from Beijing west railway station

to China century monument

- 116 -
 5

5-13
Fig. 5-13 View form China century monument towards south to Beijing west railway station

5.3.3

2006 100
240
5-14
2007 146
5-15

- 117 -


5-14 2006
Fig. 5-14 Shocking scenes for tickets in north square during 2006 Spring Festival travel season
http://www.xinhuanet.com, http://www.cnsphoto.com

5-15 2007
Fig. 5-15 Temporary ticket office occupied west park during 2007 Spring Festival travel season

- 118 -
 5

50 2 /

5-16

5-16
Fig. 5-16 Proposal of ticket offices location made by rail bureau


40 5 / 80 ) 100 2 / 200
5-17 5-18

- 119 -


5-17
Fig. 5-17 Ticket office around circle of south square

5-18
Fig. 5-18 Schematic section of ticket office of south square

- 120 -
 5

5.4

5.4.1

1996

10

10 8 1996
3.7 7
[ 1 ]
2000
2003 7

5-19
16.7 2

[1]
...2006.06.01A21

- 121 -


5-19
Fig. 5-19 Respective view of east development district (Lize business district) around south square

2004

831

2006 9
5.2.1

5.4.2

5.4.2.1

- 122 -
 5

1
2004 5 10 16 [ 1 ]
5-20 14:0015:00 19:0020:00
5:006:00 5-21

5-20
Fig. 5-20 Dynamic chart of inlet passengers flow
.. .2003 2

5-21
Fig. 5-21 Dynamic chart of outlet passengers flow
.. .2003 2
5-1

[1]
...2003(2):37-38

- 123 -


5-1
Table 5-1 Calculation table of passengers flow during peak hours

5:00-6:00 1173 11490 12663 12663
6:00-7:00 3090 6286 9376
7:00-8:00 3834 6081 9915
8:00-9:00 3659 3856 7515
9:00-10:00 4144 6178 10322 10322
10:00-11:00 4753 5619 10372 10372
11:00-12:00 4834 7332 12166 12166
12:00-13:00 5974 3266 9240
13:00-14:00 6302 6064 12366 12366
14:00-15:00 7858 4300 12158 12158
15:00-16:00 6990 4692 11682 11682
16:00-17:00 6823 2577 9400
17:00-18:00 6775 2915 9690
18:00-19:00 5596 2963 8559
19:00-20:00 7053 448 7501
20:00-21:00 5753 4424 10177 10177
21:00-22:00 2264 1131 3395
22:00-23:00 1538 0 1538
88413 79622 168035 91906

5-20 5-21
2
8 1 91906
168035 9335 18
8 11488 8
55%
2007 95 59 146
30 1.6 18 8
18 300.55
1/8=2.06
3
2010
- 124 -
 5

3
50 50
60 40
40 60

1.03
0.82
1.24
4
[ 1 ]
58%
25% 13 2 3%
40 / 2 / 2 /
50 1.03
149 1288 670 1958
30 / 58740
40 0.82
119 1025 533 1558
30 / 46740
60 1.24
180 1550 806 2356
30 / 70680

5.4.2.2

[1]
...2003(2)

- 125 -


60
(20 /) 3

- 126 -
 5

5.4.3

1 5-22
/
/



/

5-22
Fig. 5-22 Analyse of inlet streamlines in south square

- 127 -


2 5-23

5-23
Fig. 5-23 Analyse of outlet streamlines in south square

15

- 128 -
 5

5-24

5-24
Fig. 5-24 Overbridge crosses through railway

- 129 -


5.4.4

5-25

5-25
Fig. 5-25 Schematic plan of Beijing west railway station and Lotus Lake complex
2005

5.4.4.1

5-26 5-27
44.6
15 24.5

- 130 -
 5

5-26 5-27
Fig. 5-26 View from square to Lake Fig. 5-27 Location of south square and Lotus Lake
2005

4.2.2

( 5-28)

5-28
Fig. 5-28 Beautiful scence of Lotus Lake and Beijing west railway station
http://www.xitek.com

- 131 -


5.4.4.2

5-31
5-31

Fig. 5-31 Schematic drawing of evacuation flow in Emergency

8
8
16 4 5-32

- 132 -
 5

5-32
Fig. 5-32 Plan of emergent evacuation and temporary waiting of south square and Lotus Lake

5.5

- 133 -


2000
800

- 134 -


- 135 -


4
7 9 2

55
10

100

- 136 -


- 137 -


1 ...2001,(9):20
2 ..
.2005.12
3 ...2005.5
4 ..
.2006.6
5 . ..2001
6 ,..,1999(1)
7 ...2005.2
8 ...2006(1)
9 ..21 ..2002
10 ...1995(2):12
11 ...2003(4):59
12 ...1982
13 ...1998
14 ...2000
15 ...2002
16 ...2003.5
17 ...2002(7)
18 ...2002(2):2
19 ...1998(4):54
20 ...1995
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34 Hall Peter. Urban & Regional Planning.2nd ed. London:Unwin Hyman.l989

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36 ...2004(6)
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55 .. .2001(4):23
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.2005(7):76
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- 141 -


2004-12-09
2000 12 21

,
938
1153

1984

1975

1981 10

1945
1984

- 143 -


61

100

200 1989 1993

150
70
1994 4
80

1994 12 8

1995 1

1998 4 24

- 144 -


13

1998 6

3500

2000 12 21

53.6
15 200 8

- 145 -


2


2006 2 22 007

1996 1

20

30
1.8

- 146 -


10

1 1.5
20 23

- 147 -


[1] 20 20
2007 3
[2] ,
2005 6
[3]

[1] 2005
9

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5] IOHO
[6] SOHO
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]

- 149 -


Politecnico Di Milano Maurizio Merigge

- 151 -


- 152 -