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Bai 3:
MAY O QUANG DOI OTDR
(OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER)
Viec s ly ket qua o th co the c thc hien trc tiep online khi ang
ket noi vi si quang tren nen UTS hoac thc hien sau khi o tren PC bang
phan mem offline.
Dai ong: 37.5 dB/ 35.5 dB vi o phan giai cao.
Dead zone: 3m
Toi a co the thc hien 52000 iem o tren mot trace
Hnh 3.1 trnh bay giao dien mat trc va hai ben cua FBT-400. Y ngha cua cac
en LED va chc nang cua cac nut ieu khien trc mat cua FBT-400 c trnh bay
trong bang 3.1 va 3.2.
LED Y ngha
Sang : He thong FBT-400 Universal Test System ang hoat ong
Tat : He thong FBT-400 Universal Test System ang tat
: canh bao an toan cho biet thiet b ang s dung phat ra nguon quang
laser. Cac lu y ve an toan khi lam viec vi thiet b c trnh bay trong
phan 3.2.
May o OTDR s dung nguon quang laser co cong suat phat quang cao va phat ra
anh sang khong thay c (1310 nm va 1550nm) cho nen co the nguy hiem cho mat cua
ngi s dung. Do vay, khi s dung may o OTDR can lu ly:
Khong ket noi hoac thao g cac si quang trong khi nguon quang laser ang
hoat ong
Khong c nhn trc tiep vao si quang khi khong chac chan rang hien tai
si quang o khong c s dung e truyen anh sang
Bao am rang mat cua ban a c bao ve bi cac dung cu bao ho trong
trng hp tiep xuc vi anh sang laser
Khong ket noi si quang ang mang bat ky dang mot tn hieu anh sang nao vao
cong ket noi cua may o OTDR v co the gay hai cho may. Bat ky mot tn hieu quang nao
co cong suat ln hn 30dBm co the anh hng en acquisition cua may o va lam hong
module OTDR.
Cac canh bao tren may o thng c thong bao bang bang canh bao hoac
bieu tng canh bao co dang nh sau:
Cac thao tac van hanh, khai bao thong so, x ly ket qua o cua may o FTB-7000
OTDR c thc hien da tren phan mem ng dung Toolbox 6. cua EXFO. ng dung
Toolbox nay c s dung khong ch cho may o OTDR ma con co the c s dung cho
cac loai may o khac cua EXFO nh Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA), Multi-
Wavelength Meter, PMD Analyzer, Chromatic Dispersion, Multitest
Chi tiet ve Toolbox co the xem trong phan gii thieu FTB-400 UTS.
Thiet lap ng dung cho may o FTB-7000 OTDR:
1. Tren man hnh cua FTB-400 UTS, chon phm chc nang (function tab)
Current Modules e man hnh hien th tat ca cac module hien tai co the s
dung c (xem hnh 3.4)
Hnh 3.4: Man hnh chnh cho phep chon module s dung
May o FTB-7000 OTDR cho phep ngi s dung tien hanh o theo 3 che o
(mode) lam viec:
Auto mode: viec c lng chieu dai si quang, cai at cac thong so
acquisition, hien th ng bieu dien (trace) va bang s kien (Event Table)
c thc hien mot cach t ong theo cau hnh a c cai at trc o.
Advanced mode: cho phep ngi s dung co the hieu chnh tat ca thong so
o va hieu chnh cach thc hien th ket qua o. S dung Advanced mode
con cho phep cai at cac thong so o cho che o Auto mode.
Creat Ref./Template mode: cho phep ngi s dung kiem tra cac si
quang va so sanh chung vi mot trace so sanh (reference trace) a c
anh gia trc ay. Trong khi hoat ong che o Ref./Template mode,
trace so sanh (reference trace) cung co the c cap nhat bang cach them
cac s kien c phat hien t trace mi thu c.
Cac che o hoat ong nay co the c la chon t Mode tab trong ca so Setup.
3.3.2. Cai at cac thong so hien th ac tuyen suy hao (Trace Display Parameters):
Bang cach la chon General tab trong phan Setup (hoac sau khi nhan F5), mot so
thong so co the c la chon va thay oi nh sau:
Distance unit (n v khoang cach): Kilometers (km), Miles (mi) hoac
Kilofeets (kf)
Grid: Co (On) hoac Khong (Off) hien th li (grid) tren ca so hien th
Zoom Window: Co (On) hoac Khong (Off) hien th ca so Zoom (nam tren
goc phai-tren cua man hnh hien th)
Trace Name in Graph: Co (On) hoac Khong (Off) hien th ten file tren
man hnh hien th
Trace Display Mode: cho phep la chon kieu hien th trace: Auto mode,
Advanced mode va Creat Ref./Template mode
Complete Trace: hien th toan bo trace va khoang cach o c
Marker: hien th trace t Span Start en Span End
Optimum: hien th trace vi nhieu t nhat thu c cuoi si quang
Pulse Width: hien th o rong xung (pulse width) theo n v thi gian
(Time) hoac khoang cach (Distance)
3.3.3. Cai at cac thong so ghi nhan ket qua o (Acquisition Parameters):
Autorange acquisition time: co 6 gia tr co the c chon cho thi gian ghi
nhan ket qua o: 15seconds (gia tr mac nh), 30 seconds, 1 minute, 1.5
minutes, 2 minutes va 3 minutes.
First connector check: kiem tra connector au tien nham xac nh tuyen
quang a dc ket noi vi may o OTDR hay cha. Neu mot suy hao ln
bat thng xay ra tai connector au tien, mot bang canh bao se xuat hien.
Hnh 3.6: Bang canh bao suy hao ln bat thng xay ra tai connector au tien
Use same pulse and time for all wavelength: s dung cung xung va thi
gian cho tat ca cac buc song
IOR, Helix factor and RBS values: thay oi cac gia tr IOR, Helix and
RBS cua si quang
Span Start
Span Start cua mot trace la s kien anh dau iem bat au cua mot oan si quang
(fiber span). Theo mac nh, Span Start c at s kien au tien cua si quang
c kiem tra. Tuy nhien, ngi s dung cung co the chon mot s kien khac lam v
tr Span Start cua mot oan si quang muon phan tch. Khi o, bang s kien (Event
Table) se c bat au tai v tr Span Start nay.
Span End
Span End cua mot trace la s kien anh dau iem ket thuc cua mot oan si quang
(fiber span). Theo mac nh, Span End c at s kien cuoi cung cua si quang
c kiem tra va c goi la s kien cuoi si quang (end-of-fiber event). Tuy
nhien, ngi s dung cung co the chon mot s kien khac lam v tr Span End cua
mot oan si quang muon phan tch. Khi o, bang s kien (Event Table) se c
ket thuc tai Span End nay.
Continuous Fiber
End of Analysis
Non-Reflective Fault
Non-Reflective Fault (s kien gay nen khong phai do hien tng phan xaanh sang)
nay gay ra mot s giam ot ngot cua mc tn hieu tan xa Rayleigh. S kien nay
c bieu dien bang s khong lien tuc tren ng doc xuong cua trace tn hieu.
Loi nay thng gay ra do moi han nong chay (splice), uon cong hay vi uon cong
tren si quang.
Gia tr suy hao cua s kien nay se c xac nh. Khong co phan xa xay ra cho
loai s kien nay.
Reflective Fault
Positive Fault
Launch Level
ng thang nay c keo dai cho ti khi cat truc tung (dB)
iem cat ngang cho biet mc cong suat ghep vao au si quang.
Ky hieu <<<< tren bang s kien (Event Table) cho biet rang mc cong suat ghep
qua thap.
Fiber Section
Echo
Ky hieu nay cho biet mot s kien phan xa co the la phan xa that s hay la echo tao
ra bi mot phan xa manh khac nam ngan ve pha nguon.
Xung anh sang i ti connector th ba, b phan xa ngc ve pha OTDR va tiep o
lai phan xa ngc vao si quang. Sau o xung anh sang nay lai cham connector th
ba lan th hai va phan xa ngc mot lan na ve pha OTDR.
Do o, phan mem x ly Tooolbox, se phat hien s co phan xa xay ra tai v tr bang
hai lan khoang cach cua connector th ba. Do s kien nay hau nh vo ngha (khong
co suy hao) va do khoang cach cua no bang boi so khoang cach cua connecotr th
ba, Toolbox se xem s kien nay nh la possible echo.
Gia tr phan xa cua Reflective Fault (Possible Echo) c xac nh.
Trace va Event Table co the c phan tch tai hai thi iem khac nhau:
Ngay khi o (online) tren may o OTDR.
Sau khi o (offline) tren may o OTDR hoac tren may vi tnh PC khi truy
xuat vao phan Work on Results trong chng trnh ng dung Toolbox. Cac
file d lieu c lu trong qua trnh o di dang format cua EXFO (*.trc)
hoac format cua Telcordia (Bellcore) (*.sor). Tuy nhien, cac file c lu
bang cac thiet b khong phai cua EXFO ch co the xem (read-only) ma
khong the thay oi.
marker A,a,B va b nay ta se co cac iem A,a,B va b. Cac iem nay co the di chuyen doc
theo tuyen quang bang cach di chuyen cac marker.
Cach di chuyen mot marker:
T ca so chnh chon Measure, mot ca so Marker se xuat hien nh hnh
3.19.
Nhan nut Marker cho en khi marker mong muon xuat hien.
S dung nut mui ten trai va phai e dch chuyen maker doc theo trace.
c thay tren hnh 3.18 khi Marker A xuat hien tai s kien 6 tren trace ong thi vi viec
c chon trong Event Table.
Zoom out: thu nho trace tren man hnh (xem toan cuc)
Zoom in: phong to trace tren man hnh (xem chi tiet)
Horizontal Axis Zoom Mode: chon chc nang phong to hoac thu nho trace
ch theo truc hoanh (truc X)
Vertical Axis Zoom Mode: chon chc nang phong to hoac thu nho trace ch
theo truc tung (truc Y)
Regular Axis Zoom Mode: chon chc nang phong to hoac thu nho trace
theo ca truc hoanh va truc tung cung luc
Trace Follow-Up Function: cho phep ngi s dung co the dch chuyen
doc theo trace bang cach di chuyen bieu tng zoom tren man hnh.
Non-reflective fault
Reflective fault
Positive Fault
Cac bc thc hien e thay oi gia tr suy hao va phan xa cua mot event:
1. Xac nh s kien can thay oi tren trace
2. Trong phan Event, chon Change. Mot ca so Change/Insert se xuat hien
vi bieu tng va 4 marker A,a,B va b tren trace, nh tren hnh 3.20.
3. at marker A gan vi event va marker a ( ben trai cua A) xa marker A
nhat co the nhng khong bao gom event ke trc o. Vung gia A va a phai
khong co bat ky s thay oi ang ke nao.
4. at marker B sau iem cuoi cua event ni trace bat au co suy hao giong
nh suy hao trung bnh cua si quang, va marker b ( ben phai cua B) xa
marker B nhat co the nhng khong bao gom event ke sau o. Vung gia B
va b phai khong co bat ky s thay oi ang ke nao.
5. Gia tr suy hao va phan xa cua event c hien th trong hop Loss va
Reflectance. Nhap cac gia tr suy hao va phan xa muon thay oi vao trong
cac hop tng ng nay.
6. Nhan OK e lu cac gia tr va c thay oi hoac nhan Cancel e quay tr
lai Event Table ma khong lu cac gia tr thay oi.
Hnh 3.20: Thay oi Gia Tr Suy Hao Va Phan Xa Cua Mot Event
Cac event co the c them vao trong Event Table. Cong viec nay c thc hien
trong trng hp biet chnh xac co mot event tai mot v tr nao o tren tuyen quang nhng
qua trnh phan tch khong phat hien c do gia tr suy hao hay phan xa thap hn mc
ngng nhan biet hoac do b an trong nhieu.
Khi them vao mot event, mot ch so se them vao tren trace nhng trace khong b
thay oi.
Cac bc thc hien:
1. Trong phan Event, chon Insert. Mot ca so Change/Insert se xuat hien vi
bieu tng knh lup va 4 marker A,a,B va b tren trace, nh tren hnh . Trong
o marker A se xac nh v tr cua event c them vao.
2. Chon v tr them vao event bang cac cach sau:
Nhap v tr cua event mi vao trong o Location
S dung mui ten marker e di chuyen marker A tren trace.
3. Sau khi v tr cua event mi c xac nh, chon Event Type e la chon
loai event se them vao nh tren hnh 4.
4. Chon loai event mong muon: Positive, Reflective hay Non-Reflective.
Cac gia tr suy hao va phan xa c tnh mot cach t ong da vao v tr cua
cac marker hoac c nhap vao cac o tng ng.
5. Nhan OK e lu cac gia tr va c thay oi hoac nhan Cancel e quay tr
lai Event Table ma khong lu cac gia tr thay oi.
3.3.11. Phan tch si quang tren mot oan si quang xac nh:
e co the phan tch si quang tren mot oan si quang xac nh nao o, ta can
phai xac nh lai hai thong so Span Start va Span End cua trace tng ng vi iem bat
au va ket thuc cua oan si quang can phan tch.
Khi o, noi dung cua Event Table se thay oi. Span Start tr thanh event au tien
(event 1) va v tr cua no c chon la xem nh iem bat au 0. Ch nhng event nam gia
Span Start va Span End c anh so tren trace va Event Table. Suy hao tch luy ch c
tnh trong oan si quang nay thoi.
Lu y: e gi nguyen oan si quang nay trong khi phan tch lai trace, can lu lai
hai thong so Span Start va Span End trong bo nh.
Trong cac trace nay, mot trace co the c chon nh la trace tch cc (Active
Trace) bang cach nhan vao Set as Active Trace sau khi a chon trace (khi o, trace
nay se c to en nh tren hnh 3.24). Active Trace luon c hien th ngay khi bat
au phan tch.