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Welding fundamentals E1F


DefinitionE1.1

K
Welding typesE2.1
W
EFFusion welding E1
KEFPressure welding E2
EF E3

K
W
W
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Applications of weldingE3.1
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EF E1
EF E2
EF E3
E F E4
EF E5
EF E6

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Weld jointsE4.1
K
W
Corner Lap Butt
KT- jointETF Edge
KKE1.1F


KWE1.1F
WEdge preparationE5.1
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KWE2.1F
Weld poolE6.1
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Root run
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WWelding positionsE7.1
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Koverheadverticalhorizontal Flat

EFE4.1F

KWE4.1F
WWelding movementsE8.1K
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EWeavingF
KK
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KKE5.1F


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J
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WEK5F
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WEK5F

KWE5.1F

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Basic weld symbolsE9.1

WE6.1F


WE6.1F

WE7.1FEF



WE7.1F

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W8.1F

WE8.1F
W9.1F

WE9.1F

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WE10.1F

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A F
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E11.1F

WE11.1F


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WSafety rulesE10.1
E1.10.1
Safety precautions in electric Arc - welding
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KHot part
KDry and hole free Gloves
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K
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K(hot work permit)
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J 3
K{
Kcover plate fliter plate
K
K
K
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E2.10.1
Safety precautions in Oxy Acetylene welding
W
K E1
K E2
KEF E3
K10 E4
K E5
K E6
K E7
K E8
K E9
K(reducing valve) E10

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KE11
K
K E12
KE13
KE14
KE15
E16
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K10E17
KE18
KE19
E20

W
KE21
KE22
KE23

W
KE24
KECO2FE25
KE26
K E27

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KE28
K
E29
K
K
K E30
KE31
KE32
KE33
KE34
KE35
K E36
KE37
K E38
KE39
KE40

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K E1
K E2
E3
KEFKEF
KEF EF
KE5K E4
KE7KE6
WE9KE8

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K5E10
KE11
K6E12
6E13

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K


W
K J
K J
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K J

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K4
K4

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W
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Thermal weldingE2

WK
FJ
EFJ
FJ
E
EFJ
KEFJ
EFJ
EFJ
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Electric arc weldingE1.2
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WWE1.1.2
1881

1895K
1905K
KKK






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WE2.1.2K
EBase metalF -
KKKEF
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K
J

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E32F -
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E1.2FKK
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WE3.1.2
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E
K
E
K
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K
KE
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E
K
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Dip or short circuiting transferE
K
FK
KE2.2FKE


WE2.2F

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Spray transferE
K
KKK
KE3.2F

WE3.2F
Pulsed transfer E
K
K
K
KE4.2F


WE4.2F


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WTypes of Arc welding EE4.1.2K


W
KBare electrodeJ
WEF -
Shielded arc welding E
Submerged arc welding E

WEF -
EF E
K Tungesten Inert gas arc welding TIG
Metal inert gas (MIGF E

arc welding
KE5.2F


TIG MIG
KWE5.2F


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WAdvantages of arc welding E5.1.2


4000 -
KK -
K -
-
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KJ K -
WElectric current E6.1.2
KDirect current
KAlternating current
K690 -
W -
Current [A] x arc voltage [V] x 60
Heat input (kj/s) = ------------------------------------------- -
Travel speed [mm / min] x 1000
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K
E6.2FK
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WE6.2F

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WE1.6.1.2
K6.32.5 -

WK


EFEF EF
9050 2.5
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185 110 4.0
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315 200 6.0
350 220 6.3

Types ofPolarityE2.6.1.2
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Indirect polarity Direct polarity
EFJ EFJ
J J
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KE1
KE2
KE3
E4
E5
KE6
E7
E8

WE9

KEF EF
KEF EF

WE10
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EF EF

WE11

EF EF
EF EF

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W
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E2.2
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FK
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Shielded Arc welding submerged Arc welding

KJ 19301914
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E2.2.2
KE8.2F

WE8.2F
WE3.2.2
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J
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KAcid coverings
K
KCellulosic coverings
KK
K
KRutile coverings
K
25 to 30 ml/100g
Basic coverings

E4.2.2
W
J
K
KJ
KJ
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DINK
156BS639K155148[1]
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EAWSFAmerican welding society
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KE
E420 N.mm-2F6000060
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MIG
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E3.2
Metal Inert gas arc welding (MIG)
KK19501920
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E2400F
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E1.3.2
KMIGE9.2F
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KK
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MIG - Metal inert gas arc weldingWE9.2F

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MIG - EquipmentE2.3.2
KE10.2F


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K
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E11.2F
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Inert gasesE3.3.2
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TIG
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ETIGF
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Tungesten inert gas arc welding E4.2


E1.4.2
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TIGE3.4.2
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WTIGE7
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TIG
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ETIGF
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Tungesten inert gas arc welding E4.2


E1.4.2
E13.2F
KE3400F
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EFTIGJ
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KE200F
KEHigh frequencyFJ

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TIGE2.4.2
MIG
E14.2FK
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TIGWE14.2F
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TIGE3.4.2
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KE16.2FK


TIGWE16.2F

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TIGE
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KE17.2FK


TIGWE17.2F
E4.4.2
4.51.5
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E5.4.2
KK

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WE1

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K


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Gas weldingE3
E1.2
KK
KEFillerFEWeld poolF
KEBeadF
K
EFE1.3F

K
EFE1.3F
E1.3
W

2526 C3H8 2538 CH4
2650 H2 2900 KC3H4
3087 C2H2 2927 C2H4
Acetylene (C2H2 , 92.3 % C , 7.7 % H)
1815KK




1892
KL35K
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1774K20,9
K218J K
K860

Gas welding equipmentE3.3

E2.3F
K


E2.3F
KK

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WCylindersE1.3.3
39010KK
8713021KE3
L75150K
5410030
L5315K
EFK
K
EatuF2L1.5600
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WE3.3F

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WPressure gaugeE2.3.3
K
KE4.3F



WE4.3F
WRegulatorE3.3.3
KK
WSafety valveE4.3.3
K
K160K
WTorchEFE5.3.3

KKK
KKEFKE300.2FEBase metalF
E5.3F

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EFWE5.3F
WHosesE6.3.3
KK
K5K
K
KE6.3FK



WE6.3F

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WFlame typesE4.3

KK
250030001000
K1800
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WE7.3F

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WK
KCarburizing flame

WE8.3F
KOxidizing flame
K

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WE10.3F






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E1
KE2
E3
KE4

WE5
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WE6
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KE2
KE3
KE4

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_________________________

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K


W
K J
KK J
KK J

W
K3
K4

W
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Resistance weldingE1.4
K
65000100254
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K
WE1.1.4
Direct F
Ecurrent
K
K
K
KE1.4F



WE1.4F

KE2.4F
KK

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WE2.4F
WE2.1.4
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KEFSeam weldingJ

K
WE3.4F

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Projection resistsnce weldingJ


E4.4F

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KK
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WE3.1.4
J
J
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E1.3.4
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E1FK

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E2F
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E6.4FK
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WE2.2.4
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WSoldering and brazingE3.4

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Filler rodE2.3.4
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220J 1834.50.595
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KK

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E2FK
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870760 0.85 50 50
870860 0.85 45 54
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KE1
E2
KE3
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K E5
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_____________________


_____________________

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W

K


W
K

W
K1

W
K

W

K

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Advanced welding processesE4.4

Electron beam weldingE1.4.4


WE1.1.4.4
EF

EF
K15000L224000K
KQ = 0.212 . E (V). I (A)
K900

K
KE10.4F


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WE2.1.4.4
-
J
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E12000<FJ
KJ

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Arc plasma weldingE2.4.4

WE1.2.4.4
K
KEF
K11000
KKKK2J 1
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Laser beam weldingE3.4.4

WE1.3.4.4
K
F
E050
K
4000
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K E1
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E5
E1.5
F
Non ferrous FerrousKE
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Cast iron Steel
Grey CI Carbon steel
White CIJ -
Ductile CIJ -
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Alloyed steel
J
J
J

E2.5
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0.02 0,22J
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0.22 0,4J
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MnTiMoWV
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2.5 FE2.5FW
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Stress reliefingEF

E2,5
4.62J
J
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WWelding defectsE6
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K
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E3.2.6
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K
KEF
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E130001000 -
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E750500F -
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DistortionE
KK


KK
W
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K
K
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K5040

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K -
K -
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E3.6
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KJ
KJ
KJ
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E3.3.6
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Weldments inspection methodsE4.6


Destructive testing methodsE1.4.6
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E
EFE4.6FEF

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E5.6FKEF
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WE5.6F
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Non destructive testing methods E2.4.6

FE RayX FEUltra SonicF


KEDye penterantFEMagnet Field
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Dye penetrantE2.2.4.6
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K E
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WUltrasonic wavesE2.2.4.6

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KE8.6FK

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WE8.6F

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WX Ray testE3.2.4.6
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K
E9.6FKK
K
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Magnetic field testE4.2.4.6


KK
KKE10.6FKKE53

WE10.6F

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Pressure testE5.2.4.6
K
KK
E11.6FKK
K


WE11.6F

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WE1
EF EF
EF EF

WE2
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WE3
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KEF EF

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Glossary

acceptance
accessories
accurate
achieve
adjusting
allowance
alloyed steel
alloying elements
American welding society
angular distortion
approval
approve
approximation
Arc
arc length
arc voltage
asymmetrical
atmosphere
average
Backfire
Backhand
basic covering
Bead
behaviour
Bending test
Brazing
Butt joint
Capacity
capping run
Carburizing flame
cellulosic coverings
characteristics
check
client
Corner joint
227

EF

cold pressure welding


composition
concentration
constituents
contamination
contraction
Cracks
crater
cross section
current supply
Cylinder
De-oxidation
depth
Destructive testing
Direct polarity
Dye penetrant
Edge joint
edge preparation
Electric arc
Electric resistance
Electrode
electrode efficiency
essential parameters
expansion
final run
Filler
Filling runs
fixed
Flame
flame cone
Flame core
Flame cutting
Flash welding
flashing back
Flat
flow of current
Forehand
formula
227

EF

fracture
Friction welding
Fusion welding
gap
Gas igniter
generator
Hardness test
heat distribution
heat input
heat source
high frequency
Horizontal
Hose
Hose clips
hot pressure welding
Impact test
improvement
indirect polarity
induction heating
Inert gas
Influence
Inlet
Inspection
Inversely
inverter
keyholing
killed steel
lap joint
leakage
light fabrications
limitations
Load
longitudinal expansion
Magnetic field
Metal inert gas Arc welding MIG
mild steel
Mixing chamber
Neutral flame
227

EF

Non - destructive testing


Nozzle
Occur
Orifice
Outlet
Outlet
Overhead
Oxidizing flame
parent metal
passage of electricity
Phase
Pin holes
Porosity
power source
preheating
Pressure gauge
pressure vessels
pridect
procedure
protection
Protective cap
purpose
rapidly developing
Rays
rectifier
regulator
requirements
residual stresses
response
root run
rutile coverings ) )
Salg inclusions
sample
seam welding ) )
shematic diagram
Shielded Arc welding
shrinkage
Slag
227

EF

Slot
Soldering
Spanner
Splash of metal -
Spot welding ( )
straightening
stress concentration
Submerged Arc welding
supplying
symmetrical
T- Joint T
Tensile test
termination
thermal conductivity
Thermit welding
thershold
tool steel )
Torch ( )
transverse shrinkage
Tungesten Arc welding TIG
Ultra Sonic
Ultrasonic testing
Underbead cracks
Undercut
vacuum chamber
Valve
ventilation
Vertical
Visual inspection )
Weld pool
Weld quality
Weldability
Welding
welding defects
welding positions
Welding technique
Working pressure
227

EF

1978 E1
K
KK E2
K1982

Welding principles and applications, Larry Jeffus, 4th edition, Delmar E3


publisherUSA, 1999.

Welding Engineering,R.L. Agrawal, Khanna publisher, Delhi, 1985. E4

1987K E5

Practical welding, S. Gibson, Mcmillan press, London, 1994 E6

Principles of welding , L. M. Gourd, thitd edition, Edward Arnold, 1995, E7
London

2006 E8

rd
Work shop Technology, part 3, W.A.J. Chapman, 3 Edition, Arnold, 1986 E9
227

EF

W


W
31 E1.1
3 E2.1
3 E3.1
4 E4.1
4 E5.1
5 E6.1
6 E7.1
6 E8.1
8 E9.1
11 E10.1
11 E1.10.1
12 E2.10.1
15
W
W
3 E2
3 E1.2
3 E1.1.2
4 E2.1.2
5 E3.1.2
7 E4.1.2
8 E5.1.2
8 E6.1.2
227

EF

9 E1.6.1.2
9 E2.1.6.2
10
W
13 E2.2
13 E1.2.2
14 E2.2.2
14 E3.2.2
15 E4.2.2
15 E5.2.2
17
W
20 E3.2
20 MIGE1.3.2
21 E2.3.2
24 E3.3.2
25
W
28 TIGE4.2
28 E1.4.2
29 TIGE2.4.2
29 TIGE3.4.2
31 E4.4.2
32 TIGE5.4.2
34
227

EF

W
3 E3
3 E1.3
3 E2.3
4 E3.3
5 E1.3.3
6 E2.3.3
6 E3.3.3
6 E4.3.3
6 E5.3.3
7 E6.3.3
8 E4.3
10
W
W
3 E1.4
3 E1.1.4
4 E2.1.4
6 E3.1.4
E2.4
6
6 E1.2.4
7 E2.2.4
7 E3.4
7 E1.3.4
8 E2.3.4
9 E3.3.4
10
227

EF

W
W
13 E4.4
13 E1.4.4
13 E1.1.4.4
14 E2.1.4.4
15 E2.4.4
15 E1.2.4.4
15 E2.2.4.4
16 E3.4.4
16 E1.3.4.4
17
W
3 EK5
3 E1.5
3 E2.5
5 E3.5
6 E4.5
7 E5.5
8
W
3 EK6
3 E1.6
4 E2.6
4 E1.2.6
5 E2.2.6
6 E3.2.6
227

EF

8 E4.2.6
9 E3.6
9 E1.3.6
9 E2.3.6K
10 E3.3.6
11 E4.6
11 E1.4.6
13 E2.4.6
13 E1.2.4.6
14 E2.2.4.6
15 E3.4.62
16 E4.2.4.6
16 E5.2.4.6
17 E6.2.4.6
18

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