SULIT 2 4551/3

Answer all questions.

Jawab semua soalan.

1. A student needs to study about osmoregulation in human. An experiment is

conducted to investigate the effect of different concentration of drinking water on
the volume of urine produced. A student is selected and he does not consume any
food or drink after 11.00 pm.

In the morning, the student was given 200 ml of distilled water to drink. After one
hour, the student empties his bladder and the urine sample is collected
The experiment is repeated on day two and day three but the student is given 200
ml of 4.0% sodium chloride solution (NaCl) and 200 ml of 8.0% sodium chloride
solution (NaCl) respectively.

Seorang pelajar perlu mempelajari tentang pengosmokawalaturan dalam manusia.

Eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan kepekatan air minuman
terhadap isipadu air kencing terhasil. Seorang pelajar dipilih dan beliau tidak makan
atau minum selepas pukul 11.00 malam. Keesokan harinya pelajar tersebut diberi
200 ml air suling untuk diminum. Selepas satu jam, pelajar mengosongkan pundi
kencing dan sampel air kencing dikumpul. Eksperimen diulang pada hari kedua dan
ketiga tetapi pelajar diberikan masing-masing 200 ml larutan natrium klorida 4%
dan 200 ml larutan natrium klorida 8%.

Table 1.1 shows the concentration of drinking water and the volume of urine
collected after an hour.
Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan kepekatan air minuman dan isipadu air kencing yang
dikumpulkan selepas satu jam.

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SULIT 3 4551/3

Concentration of drinking water (%) Volume of urine collected (ml )

Kepekatan air minuman (%) Isipadu air kencing dikumpulkan (ml )

Distilled water
Air suling

4.0% sodium chloride solution

larutan natrium klorida 4%

8.0% sodium chloride solution

larutan natrium klorida 8%

Table 1.1
Jadual 1.1

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SULIT 4 4551/3

(a) Record the volume of urine collected in Table 1.1 1(a)

Rekod isipadu air kencing yang dikumpulkan dalam Jadual 1.1.
3
[3 marks / 3 markah]

(b) (i) State two observations that can be made from this experiment
based on Table 1.1
Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat daripada
eksperimen berdasarkan Jadual 1.1
Observation 1 / Pemerhatian 1:

1(b)(i)

Observation 2 / Pemerhatian 2:

[3 marks / 3 markah]

(ii) State the inferences from the observations in 1 (c) (i)

Nyatakan inferens daripada pemerhatian di 1 (c) (i)
Inference from observation 1 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:

Inference from observation 2 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:

1(b)(ii)

[3 marks / 3 markah] 3

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SULIT 5 4551/3

(c) Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment.

Lengkapkan Jadual 1.2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable Method to handle variable

Pembolehubah Cara mengendali pembolehubah
Manipulated variable:
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

..

Responding variable:
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

..

Constant variable:
Pembolehubah dimalarkan

..

Table 1.2 / Jadual 1.2

[3 marks / 3 markah]
1 (c)

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

..

. 1(d)

..
3
[3 marks / 3 markah]
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SULIT 6 4551/3

(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam
eksperimen ini.
Your table should have the following aspects.
Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek- aspek berikut:
Concentration of drinking water / Kepekatan air minuman
Volume of drinking water / Isipadu air minuman
Volume of urine collected / Isipadu air kencing yang dikumpul
Percentage of water reabsorbed by kidney / Peratus air yang
diserap semula oleh ginjal

Percentages of water reabsorbed by kidney =

Volume of drinking water intake volume of urine collected X 100%
Volume of drinking water

Peratus air diserap semula oleh ginjal =

Isipadu air minuman diambil Isipadu air kencing dikumpul X 100%
Isipadu air minuman

1(e)(i)

3
[3 marks / 3 markah]

(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 7 to answer this question. Using the
data in 1(e) (i) draw a graph of the percentage of water reabsorbed by
kidney against the concentration of drinking water.
Guna kertas graf yang disediakan di halaman 7 untuk menjawab soalan
ini. Menggunakan data di 1(e) (i) lukis graf peratusan penyerapan semula 1(e)(ii)
air oleh ginjal menentang kepekatan air minuman..
[3 marks / 3 markah] 3

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SULIT 7 4551/3

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 SULIT 8 4551/3

(f) Based on the graph in 1 (e) (ii), explain the relationship between the
percentage of water reabsorbed by kidney and the concentration of drinking
water.
Berdasarkan graf dalam 1(e) (ii), terangkan perkaitan antara peratusan
penyerapan semula air oleh ginjal dengan kepekatan air minuman

..
1(f)
..

.. 3
[3 marks / 3 markah]

(g) State the operational definition for osmoregulation.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pengosmokawalaturan

..

..
1(g)
..
3

[3 marks / 3 markah]

(h) After two hours the student was given 200 ml of cappuccino. Predict the
volume of urine produced. Explain your prediction.
Selepas dua jam pelajar tersebut diberi minum 200 ml cappuccino.
Ramalkan isipadu air kencing. Terangkan ramalan anda.

. 1(h)

..
3
[3 marks / 3 markah]

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SULIT 9 4551/3

(i) Using the list provided below, classify all the materials and apparatus
correctly in Table 1.3.
Menggunakan senarai disediakan di bawah, klasifikasikan semua bahan
dan radas dengan betul dalam Jadual 1.3.

Measuring cylinder Distilled water Beaker

Silinder penyukat Air suling Bikar
Stopwatch 5% Sucrose solution
Jam randik 5% larutan sukrosa

Apparatus / Radas Materials / Bahan

1(i)

3
[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

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