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Jurnal 3 (Dipake) PDF
Jurnal 3 (Dipake) PDF
Study De sign
The study was a single-center, parallel-assignment, randomized, non-
blinded prospective analysis of increments in platelet counts in patients
with dengue infection who received platelet transfusion therapy versus
those who did not. The study was conducted in a high-dependency unit
for dengue in Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Ethical review board of
the hospital approved the protocol that meets the standards of the Decla-
ration of Helsinki in its revised version of 1975 and its amendments of
1983, 1989, and 1996.
Fig. 1. Schematic presentation of measurement of platelet increments at
different time intervals. P0 is platelet count at baseline, P1 is platelet Study Population
count within 10 min to 1 h post-transfusion, P24 is platelet count at 24 h Adults of the age 14 years and above presenting with dengue fever or
and P72 is platelet count at 72 h. PPI is post-transfusion platelet incre- dengue hemorrhagic fever, platelet counts less than 30,000/l, and having
ment within 10 min to 1 h of transfusion. PI24 and PI72 are PPI at 24 and no bleeding or mild bleeding (WHO grade 1 or 2 bleeding) were enrolled
72 h, respectively. SponI24 is spontaneous increment in platelet count and in the study after taking written informed consent. Case definitions based
equals to difference of PI24 and PPI. on WHO guidelines were used to diagnose dengue fever and dengue he-
morrhagic fever [4]. Patients with other causes of thrombocytopenia (e.g.
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia), chronic ailments
(chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, cancers), prior history of
Historically, platelet transfusion has been done in patients platelet transfusion and severe bleeding (WHO grade 3 and 4) were ex-
with thrombocytopenia due to hypoproliferative disorders of cluded from the study. Demographic data, history, and examination find-
bone marrow. The rationale of platelet transfusion therapy ings of all patients were recorded, and blood samples were drawn to
measure the platelet counts. Patients were randomized into treatment or
in these patients has been that the bleeding risk correlates
control group. The treatment group received single donor platelet (SDP)
with severity of thrombocytopenia [9], platelet transfusion transfusion while the control group did not receive any platelet transfu-
increases the platelet count, and this in turn reduces the risk sion. Filtered apheresis platelets from a single donor (dose fixed at * 5
of bleeding. On the other hand, degree of thrombocytopenia 1011 platelets) were collected with a Haemonetics model MCS+LN 9000
in dengue fever does not correlate with the bleeding risk. apheresis machine (Haemonetics Corp., Braintree, MA, USA). All trans-
fusions were done within 1 h of apheresis.
For example, one study found that the incidence of clinical
bleeding was 6% among patients with platelet count >150 Measurement of Platelet Increments
103 platelets/ml, 12% among patients with platelet count of Blood samples were collected in EDTA anticoagulated vials, and
100149 103 platelets/ ml, 11% among patients with plate- platelet counts were measured by automated count analyzer. In order to
let count of 8099 103 platelets/ml, 10% among patients avoid pseudo-thrombocytopenia, citrated samples were used to repeat
platelet counts if EDTA-induced platelet clumping was seen [13]. Platelet
with platelet count of 5079 103 platelets/ml, 11% among
counts were obtained at baseline (P0), 24 h (P24), and 72 h (P72) for all
patients with platelet count of 2049 103 platelets/ml, 13% patients. Additionally, platelet counts were also obtained within 10 min to
among patients with platelet count of 1019 103 platelets/ 1 h post transfusion (P1) for the treatment group (fig. 1).
ml, and 0% among patients with platelet count <10 103 Corrected count increment (CCI) was determined using the following
platelets/ml (p = 0.22, by test for trend) [10]. This study also formula:
found no effect of platelet transfusion on mean platelet
CCI = (PPI BSA (m2)) 1011/ number of platelets transfused (1).
count after 24 h. However, this was a retrospective study in-
cluding only few cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, and pa- PPI represents the post-transfusion platelet increment (post-transfu-
tients received variable doses of platelets in the form of sion platelet count minus pre-transfusion platelet count), and BSA is the
pooled platelet concentrates with a median dose of 4 platelet body surface area measured in square meters. We used Mosteller formula
for calculating BSA.
units [10].
We measured PPI and CCI at 10 min to1 h post-transfusion in the
Theoretically, immune-mediated destruction of platelets in treatment group. Based on their responsiveness to platelet transfusion,
dengue fever may lead to refractoriness or poor response to patients in the treatment group were further divided into responders and
platelet transfusion due to destruction of donor platelets. Al- non-responders. Patients with PPI * 10,000/l and/or CCI * 5,000/l 1 h
though a few retrospective observational studies have been post-transfusion were considered responders; the rest were considered
non-responders.
conducted to find frequency of platelet transfusions in dengue
PPI at 24 and 72 h were calculated using the following formulas (fig. 1):
patients in various setups [11, 12], there is scanty data on the
kinetics of response to platelet transfusion therapy in dengue PPI at 24 h = platelet count at 24 h platelet count at baseline (2),
infection. We conducted this study to understand the response PPI at 72 h = platelet count at 72 h platelet count at baseline (3).
Outcome Measures
The primary outcome measure was PPI at 1 h (for treatment group) and
at 24 and 72 h for both groups. The secondary outcome measures were pro-
gression to severe bleeding (WHO grade 3 and 4), any new onset bleeding,
time to cessation of bleeding, and any adverse event including death.
DF = Dengue fever; DHF = Dengue hemorrhagic fever; DSS = Dengue shock syndrome; WHO = World Health
Organization.
PI72, platelets/l
Mean SD 75,430 69,465 32,840 30,900
Median 53,500 23,000 <0.001
Interquartile range 31,75089,250 9,00057,000
Spontaneous increment at 24 h
Mean SD 4,525 38,080 4,280 10,360
Median 1,500 3,000 0.327
Interquartile range 5,750 to 10,000 2,000 to 9,000
statistically significant (p = 0.346). Similarly, no difference was Group Analysis Based on Baseline Platelet Count
found between responders, non-responders and controls (p =
0.352 Kruskal-Wallis test). None of the patients without Analysis was also performed with patients further classi-
bleeding at baseline in either group had new onset bleeding fied into three groups based on baseline platelet count
during study period. (<10,000/l, 10,00020,000/l, >20,000/l) (table 4). There
P0, platelets/l
Mean SD 14,315 7,265 0.012 9,710 4,410 0.019 13,300 6,400 0.384
Median 14,000 9,000 10,500
Interquartile range 10,00020,000 7,50011,500 9,00017,700
PI24, platelets/l
Mean SD 53,310 56,760 0.007 18,770 16,800 <0.001 4,280 10,360 <0.001
Median 38,000 16,000 3,000
Interquartile range 18,00081,000 9,00031,000 2,000 to 9,000
PI72, platelets/l
Mean SD 103,440 72,950 0.002 51,430 58,660 0.110 32,840 30,900 <0.001
Median 72,000 34,000 23,000
Interquartile range 52,000130,000 18,00065,500 9,00057,000
Spontaneous increment at 24 h
Mean SD 5,050 53,680 0.456 4,050 15,275 0.631 4,372 10,360 0.258
Median 1,500 2,000 3,000
Interquartile range 33,000 to 11,000 5,000 to 11,500 2,000 to 9,000
Bleeding, yes
Number of cases 15 18 6 0.090
Adverse events,
Transfusion reactions 2 0 0 0.774
Death 1 0 0
Disclosure Statement
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