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ABSTRAK
Penggunaan obat-obat antiretroviral dan antibiotik golongan sulfa sering mencetuskan erupsi obat pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Pasien terinfeksi HIV/
AIDS memiliki risiko tinggi untuk mendapatkan erupsi obat dibandingkan masyarakat umum. Erupsi obat bervariasi dari yang ringan sampai
berat. Deteksi dan tata laksana dini dan mencari obat pencetus dapat mencegah perburukan erupsi obat.
Kata kunci: HIV/AIDS, erupsi obat, obat antiretroviral, high activity antiretroviral therapy, obat golongan sulfa
ABSTRACT
The use of antiretroviral drug and sulphonamides increase the probability of adverse cutaneous drug reactions. HIV-infected patients have
a higher risk of developing cutaneous reactions than the general population. The severity of cutaneous adverse reactions varies. The early
detection and treatment of adverse cutaneous drug reactions, plus identification of the causative agent, are essential to prevent the progression
of reaction. Yuri Yogya. Drug Eruption in HIV/AIDS.
Key words: HIV-infected patients, adverse cutaneous drug reactions, antiretroviral drug, high activity antiretroviral therapy, sulphonamides
Tabel 2 Erupsi obat yang sering terjadi pada pemakaian obat antiretroviral15
Gambar 5 Pasien wanita 24 tahun HIV positif dengan CD4+ 77 sel/mm3 mendapatkan tenofovir, lamivudin, efavirenz, dan
TMP-SMX. Setelah 1 bulan pengobatan, timbul pustul dan makula eritematosa yang gatal pada seluruh tubuh disertai
malaise, mual, muntah, dan nyeri pada kaki. Setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan histologi, pasien didiagnosis AGEP. Tenofovir
diganti dengan abacavir dan TMP-SMX dihentikan. Setelah 8 hari, pasien menunjukkan perbaikan.25
sulfa lainnya, perlu mendapat perhatian gatal yang berat, sebaiknya obat dihentikan
Gambar 4 Sindrom Stevens-Johnson yang disebabkan khusus. Bila erupsi obat cenderung ringan, untuk mencegah timbulnya erupsi obat
oleh TMP-SMX pada pasien HIV/AIDS misalnya erupsi makulopapular, obat dapat yang berat. Deteksi dini dan penghentian
diteruskan. Namun, jika disertai demam, obat secara dini pada kasus erupsi obat
obat-obat antiretroviral maupun antibiotik, lesi di mukosa, terbentuknya vesikel atau yang berat dapat menurunkan mortalitas
khususnya TMP-SMX atau obat golongan bula, terdapat pengelupasan kulit, dan rasa pasien.
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