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PT = 3 VL IL cos = 3 x 380 x 65.8 x cos(53.1) = 26 kW

QT = 3 VL IL sin = 3 x 380 x 65.8 x sin(53.1) = 34.6 kVAR

ST = 3 VL IL = 3 x 380 x 65.8 = 43.3 kVA

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bOUH e wzUdNJ UO Ue j) nOUJ U w V
c qIM j u lDI
j) vK bN' UH U qIM j UH s qKI U2 wzUdNJ qIM j
WUFH bIK u; WF tF qI iH M* bI qUF WOzUdNJ u; vK dOU
u; WF w qOKI v R bI qUF UH tKb bN' e (kW capacity)
u; bN U v R c
WU
 pc lu UC lDI WU
 U s b lu UC luI vK dOU
bI qUF WU w WuIM* WOzUdNJ bI WLO fH bM WOzUdNJ luIK f `D
iH M*
WF pc WdUE bI WF qI iH M* bI qUF l WOzUdNJ bu* vK dOU
UHK* w bIH e Exciter dO* WDu UDF* bI e buLK WUFH bI
bu* UH p l qI buLK WOUM

bI qUF 5% eO2

qIM WLE bOu UD; WO
Ozd nOUJ e iH M b qUF0 WOdNJ UJA qL bM

b qUF bM WOdNJ UJA qLF cG* pKN
LK s

* sL pc wzUdNJ lu

bI qUF 5
% bzu h K WOU UIM lHd
wzUdNJ buLK WUFH bI WF U
wzUdNJ uLK WUFH bI WF U
WOzUdNJ WJAU bu q UH U
WJAU bu nOUJ qOKI
wzUdNJ qIM uD vK bN' rOEM 5
%

bI qUF 5%

N s U bOu UD s U WOzUdNJ bI s WUB eO qC vK uBK
YO wzUdNJ UEMK U FHd bI qUF uJ dC s p oOI WOU UHJ qLF b
UNKLF w
OUMGdN U* U% UN wMF U2 WO UL Wb( wzUdNJ lu WLE w UL rEF
YO WOzUdNJ lu WD; bI qUF 5
% UHJ WU{ bI qUF 5
 dD j
U0
WOHO Wb wzUdNJ UEMK wKJ UO qOKI v R U2 WKUH UO buL uI UHJ qLF
w UL wzUdN bB s cG nK l u vK nJ lC WO( dzb w bI qUF 5
%
qJA

IC
I IC
V V

AC IL I

IC
IL IL

bI qUF 5
 nK l u vK nJ l{ qJA

wKJ UO u We bB* bN s dU IL u nJ* qOu q dzbU v UO

s bI IC bI UuF UO V
tS nK* l u vK nJ* l{ bM bB* s u
*
w UO uL u bB* s u
* wKJ UO uJ WU( c w UbI We bB* bN
I = IL - IC nJ* nK*
U
WU( c w WOKJ WUF dOG bI U pc IL s vK IC wMF WU
 U
Q = V (IL - IC) = QL - QC (1-19)

qKI U2 WuF
 WUF*U Xu b WO( WUF* s e b$ WOKJ WUF* WLO v WUF dEMU
WOKJ bI qUF 5
% v R WuKD* WUF* w qOKI c bB* s WuKD* WOKJ WUF* s
Compensation iuF vL
WOKLF c dzbK
V UF qJA (inductive reactive power) WO( WUF dOG bI iuF q s tS pc
pc W nJ* WF bb%
UJQ U OU bI UHJ lMB bI qUF 5
% w Wb
* eN_ d s UHJ* dF
WHK  U
5 uOMu_ `zd s 5I nK vM w WOU_ dUMF s b s uI UHJ uJ
WOJO Wd u s jK  U oO s UID s b

bI qUF 5% d

bI qUF 5
 5O 7IdD b b sJ1
bI qUF 5
 UHJ* b bMconstant kW correction WUFH bI XO
YO qJA w `{u S WdUE bI rO dOG U cos 2
v cos 1
s
P
bI qUF 5
% q qLK WdUE bI S1
2
1 QT WU w qLK WUFH bI P
S2
QL 5
 q qLK dQ* WUF dOG bI QL
S1 QC 5
 bF qLK WdUE bI S2
5
 bF dQ* WUF dOG bI QT
bI XO bI qUF 5
% qJA

w uM vK UNU
sJ1bI qUF 5
 W WbI* WUF dOG bI U tOK

tan 1
= QL / P tan 2
= QT / P
tan 1
- tan 2
= QL / P - QT / P = (QL - QT) / P = QC / P

QC = P (tan 1
- tan 2
) (1-20)

WdUE bI qJA `{u (constant kVA correction) WdUE bI XO

pc S2 5
 bF WdUE bI U_U U
S1 bI qUF 5
% q

 bI qUF 5
% q qLK WUFH bI P1
5
 q qLK dQ* WUFH dOG bI Q1
5
 bF qLK WUF bI P2
P2 5
 bF qLK dQ* WUF dOG bI Q2
P1
2
1 Q2
S2 wMe d b U bI qUF 5
% - U
Q1 U WOU U
S1
SM QC d; vK WKb WdUE bI SM
d; vK WKb WbI* WUFH dOG bI QC
PM
bI XO bI qUF 5
% qJA d; vK WKb WUFH bI PM

UI c wJOUJO* qL( q9 WOI* bI U pc PM s q U uJ d; w dzU

)
d; b U

U
V
0.6 dQ b qUF bM 360kW L e WOd WD; u
od s dQ 0.95 v bI qUF 5
 W UHJLK WUF dOG bI
WUFH bI XO
s 0.95 v bI qUF 5
  wMe d; WOL WdUE bI
WdUE bI XO od
q(
WUFH bI XO
1
= cos-1 (0.6) = 53.13 , 2
= cos-1 (0.95) = 18.19
QC = P (tan 1 - tan 2) = 360 (tan 53.13 - tan 18.19) = 362 kVar
WdUE bI XO
5
 q
S = P / cos 1
= 360 / 0.6 = 600 kVA
5
 bF
P = 600 x 0.95 = 570 kW

 5
 q
QL = S sin 1
= 600 x 0.8 = 480 kVar
5
 bF
QL = S sin 2
= 600 x 0.3123 = 187 kVar
wMe d; vK WKb WbI* WUF dOG bI S pc
QC = 480 - 187 = 293 kVar
wMe d; vK WKb WUF bI
P = 570 - 360 = 210 kW
wMe d; vK WKb WdUE bI
S= (2102 + 2932) = 361 kVA

bI qUF 5 b' WId

bI qUF s bI qUF 5
 uKD* nJ* 4I wDF ULF WFzU dD s w
tO uu d* bI qUF v qFHU uu*
WOU UF* WU sJ1 tU cos 1
u tMO
% d* bI qUF dH
cos 1
bI qUF
cos 1
x WdUE bI WUFH bI

sin 1
x WdUE bI WUF dOG bI
tan 1
x WUFH bI WUF dOG bI

U cos 2
v tMO
% - bI qUF dH
cos 2
bI qUF
cos 2
x WdUE bI WUFH bI

sin 2
x WdUE bI WUF dOG bI
tan 2
x WUFH bI WUF dOG bI
WUF dOG bI WUF dOG bI QC WuKD* nJ* b U pc

tan 2 tan 1
WUFH bI
dC qUF WUFH bI
tan
tan 1 dC qUF
2

d_ WLO s bI qUF 5

 dC qUF b' 5

 bI qUF 5% b b'
v bI qUF 5
 dC qUF bI qUF
0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 tMO
% d*
0.583 0.713 0.849 1.004 1.041 1.082 1.130 1.190 1.333 0.60
0.549 0.679 0.815 0.970 1.007 1.048 1.096 1.156 1.229 0.61
0.515 0.645 0.781 0.936 0.973 1.014 1.062 1.122 1.265 0.62
0.483 0.613 0.749 0.904 0.941 0.982 1.030 1.090 1.233 0.63
0.451 0.581 0.717 0.872 0.909 0.950 0.998 1.058 1.201 0.64
0.419 0.549 0.685 0.840 0.877 0.918 0.966 1.026 1.169 0.65
0.388 0.518 0.654 0.809 0.846 0.887 0.935 0.990 1.138 0.66
0.358 0.488 0.624 0.779 0.816 0.857 0.905 0.965 1.108 0.67
0.328 0.458 0.594 0.749 0.786 0.827 0.875 0.935 0.078 0.68
0.299 0.429 0.565 0.720 0.757 0.798 0.846 0.906 1.049 0.69
0.270 0.499 0.536 0.691 0.728 0.769 0.817 0.877 1.020 0.70
0.242 0.372 0.508 0.663 0.700 0.741 0.789 0.849 0.992 0.71
0.214 0.344 0.470 0.635 0.672 0.713 0.761 0.821 0.964 0.72
0.186 0.316 0.452 0.606 0.644 0.685 0.733 0.793 0.936 0.73
0.159 0.289 0.425 0.580 0.617 0.658 0.706 0.766 0.909 0.74
0.132 0.262 0.398 0.553 0.590 0.631 0.679 0.739 0.882 0.75
0.105 0.235 0.371 0.526 0.563 0.604 0.652 0.712 0.855 0.76
0.079 0.209 0.345 0.500 0.537 0.578 0.626 0.686 0.829 0.77
0.052 0.182 0.381 0.473 0.510 0.551 0.559 0.659 0.802 0.78
0.026 0.156 0.292 0.447 0.484 0.525 0.573 0.633 0.776 0.79
--- 0.130 0.266 0.421 0.458 0.499 0.547 0.607 0.750 0.80
--- 0.104 0.240 0.395 0.432 0.473 0.521 0.581 0.724 0.81
--- 0.078 0.214 0.369 0.406 0.447 0.495 0.555 0.698 0.82
--- 0.052 0.188 0.343 0.380 0.421 0.469 0.529 0.672 0.83
--- 0.026 0.162 0.317 0.354 0.395 0.443 0.503 0.646 0.84
--- --- 0.136 0.291 0.328 0.369 0.417 0.477 0.620 0.85
--- --- 0.109 0.264 0.301 0.342 0.390 0.450 0.592 0.86
--- --- 0.083 0.238 0.275 0.316 0.364 0.424 0.567 0.87
--- --- 0.056 0.211 0.248 0.289 0.337 0.397 0.540 0.88
--- --- 0.028 0.183 0.220 0.261 0.309 0.369 0.512 0.89
--- --- --- 0.155 0.192 0.233 0.281 0.341 0.484 0.90
--- --- --- 0.127 0.164 0.205 0.253 0.313 0.456 0.91
--- --- --- 0.097 0.134 0.175 0.223 0.283 0.426 0.92
--- --- --- 0.066 0.103 0.144 0.192 0.252 0.395 0.93
--- --- --- 0.034 0.071 0.112 0.160 0.220 0.363 0.94
--- --- --- --- 0.037 0.078 0.126 0.186 0.329 0.95
--- --- --- --- --- --- 0.089 0.149 0.292 0.96
--- --- --- --- --- --- 0.048 0.108 0.251 0.97
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.060 0.203 0.98
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.143 0.99

 U
WMMI* WUF dOG bI b dQ 0.8 b qUF0 400kW WUFH tb wzUdN qL
b' b U dQ 0.9 v bI qUF ld nJLK
q(
0.8 tMO
% d* bI qUF
0.9 tO uu d* bI qUF

0.266 dC qUF S b' s

dC qUF x WUFH bI nJLK WuKD* WbI* WUF dOG bI
0.266 x 400

kVar 106.4

bI qUF 5 WOKLF dD

(Single Compensation) U 5%

WUL( eN qLF YO qL( l dU VUM UHJ bM w qL l nJ qOu r

u b vK UHJ* qL( WUL vK wUF UO s
bB* s qL( qB bM qJA w UL dU qL( l u vK UHJ* qu
VM UHJ* d; nK w V
b wU bN U v R U2 wzUdN buL d; qLF
WU w S WdUE bI s vK b W
M QC nJLK WUFH dO bI WLO bb% r p
WOU WUF* s dA c oI qL

QC (in kVAR) = (0.9 / 1000) x 3 V INL (1- 21)

dLK qL UO INL YO

S no load qL WU w ULMO 0.9 U

rated load 4I* qL( bM bI qUF `B pc
dLK WMMI* bI l nJLK WUF dOG bI 5 b' 0.95 - 0.98 5 d bI qUF

WE

mdH UUG UHJ* l u vK UUI q r jI UOIU qL UO vK uB( r

UHJ* WM

 L1 L2 L3

U
V
W
L1 L2 L3

M
3

bI qUF* U 5
% qJA

dLK WMMI* bI nJLK WUF dOG bI 5 WF b'

dLK WOL bI nJLK WUF dOG bI
Pn / kW Qc / kVar
1 - 1.9 0.5
2 - 2.9 1
3 - 3.9 1.5
4 - 4.9 2
5 - 5.9 2.5
6 - 7.9 3
8 - 10.9 4
11 - 13.9 5
14 - 17.9 6
18 - 21.9 7.5
22 - 29.9 10
30 - 39.9 QC = 40% Pn
40 QC 35% Pn

(Group Compensation) WuL 5% UOU

b U b bB s UNcG r w UL_ s WuL* bI qUF 5

% r WU( c w
qUF 5
% r YO U U U W eON vK oDM c UHJ* bM
b
* UHJ* bM sL{ WO UL s U UU uJ w Wb
* U eN bI
w bN bB s UNcG r P = 4.5kW u U UA U eN_ WOKJ bI XU L
cos 2
= 0.8 v b qUF 5
 UHJ bM b d cos 1
=0.43 UNb qUF u
WU( c w UNb V w UHJLK WUF dOG bI WLO w U w

 WUF* b
WUF dOG bI U
cos 1
= 0.43 tan 1
= 2.1
cos 2
= 0.8 tan 2
= 0.75
QC = P (tan 1
- tan 2) = 4.5 (2.1 - 0.75) = 6.075 kVar

(Central Compensation) ed* 5 UU

s eON lOL' bI qUF s

% r qJA w UL e d* 5
 WU w
b vK r qL qJ WUFH dOG bI bb% U qJA dOG qL( YO w
Ozd u*
UN od s b vK UNM q w rJ r UHJ* s WuL vK u UHJ* bM YO
bI bI qUF rO bd pc rJ UN uI dOG* qL( WLO V
WO WIdD rJ
WUF dOG WUFH

bI qUF* e d* 5
 qJA

 U
WOU UHu* pK1 uD w w d
37.3 kW 440 V 50 Hz = 89% dQ cos = 0.85
uKD*
dQ 0.95 v bI qUF ld W WUF bI V

WL$ YK WKOu Wuu UHJ* XU u qJ nJ* WF WLO w U
q(
wK UL w R
 w u d; UHu iF `O{u wGM R
 q q
Pmech = 37.3 kW WU) WOJOUJO* bI q9 37.3 kW bI
VL = 440 V d; l uu* bBLK j) bN q1 440 V bN'
WKb bI v WU) bI W
U
w d; WOUF q1 = 89%

= Pmech/Pin d; vK

WUF* V
d; vK WKb WUFH bI U
r
Pmech 37.3
Pin = = = 41.91 kW
0.89
cos 1
= 0.85 1
= 31.8
Q1 = Pin tan 1
= 41.91 x tan 31.8 = 25.98 kVar
cos 2
= 0.95 2
= 18.19
Q2 = Pin tan 2
= 41.91 x tan 18.19 = 13.78 kVar
w W u UHJ* s e* WbI* WUF dOG bI
QC = Q1 - Q2 = 25.98 - 13.78 = 12.19 kVar
w u qJ WUF dOG bI uJ pc
QC 12.19
QC,ph = = = 4.063 kVar
3 3
qJ nJ* WF U
sJ1 u qJ WbI* WUF dOG bI WLO vK UM
wK UL WKOu u V
u
U YK
WKOu
S pc VC = VL = 440 V j) bN w bu nJ* vK bN'

QC,ph = IC VC = VC2 / XC = VC2 C

 QC,ph 4.063 x 10+3

C= = = 66.8 F
VC2 2 50 x 4402
U WL$ WKOu
uD bN w bu nJ* vK bN'
VL 400
VC = = = 254 V
3 3
U pc
QC,ph 4.063 x 10+3
C= = = 200.4 F
VC2 2 50 x 2542

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220V U
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220V U
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220V U
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3800W U
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0.5 U
bI qUF 190V U
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bI qUF pc qL( d s WJKN
* WUF

2200 V

3-j4 3-j4
220120 V 220-120 V 3-j4

qJA

jI dO dOLu UN ULFU d* UO dz w WUFH bI UO sJ1 U*

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V
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 fH UN UHJ XK
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WU( c w UEMK WOKJ WOzUdNJ


b???????????????????u

WOUMB WOzUdNJ bbL

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lu u b UO r lMBLK WOUMB dO WOUMBWOzUdNJ UL_ uL vK UL

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dF u
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UNUb
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wzUdNJ UOK WU u0 UDG uJ wzUdNJ UOK dL* qJA WKu

UdA Ub% UHu0 uJ u b vK eN_ b * WUL(
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b WOzUdNJ W UD qI w
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uN bU WU submarine cables
d* UOK WUI* s 20% wu q dL * UOK WUI*wzUdNJ bIH
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250600 s uN b b iHM* bN' U

(6.6-22) kv s uN b* b ju* bN' U

(22-33) kv s uN b* b wUF bN' U
750 kv v (220-345) kv s uN b* b bze bN' U
750 kv s vK uN b* b ozUH bN' U

5L
w r I WOzUdNJ UJ WUM w Wb * u*
conductor u* WUM w Wb * u*

UNL s U b w UJ WUM w

qu* u UO w
V  uF
quLK WOzUdNJ WOKu*
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qJA w UL wu vK UD _ qOu sJ1 UL

wu vK luI UD qOu qJ

 qJA w UL qOGA UO Ue u vK UD _ qOu sJ1 pc

u vK UD qOu qJ

WU( V d bU UD WU{S wOzd lUI UNO rJ w UD _ b U sJ1

wzUdNJ UOK d lU WU{S p U* UO WLO bb% UNeK WOzUdNJ dzb iF UM pc
wzUdNJ UOK b rO dOG rOI rJ tMJ1 c Thermal Over Loads

WOU WOOzd rJ dz w wOUMG* lUI b r

Change over Switch UH
Direct -on- Line dU qOu
Star - Delta UU

Reversing b U& fJ
Power factor Correction bI qUF 5%
Starting Circuits UdLK b dz
Relays lu

dM* b; dBF* lMB* WU V WOOUMG* luIK bF* Ub s UdO

qLFU b bM iF UNCF l UN UMU* qL WFO pc

WOOUMG* luI vK WuJ* UB U _

qJA w UL WOOzd UD _

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v WOJOUJO WIdD UNKOu UNU{ sJ1 wOzd lUI l uJ b bU* UD _

qJA w UL wOzd lUI

bU* WOOzd UD _ rO d qJ

U l bU* WOOzd lUI U WU c vK qLF c Coil wOzd nK*

nK* bN v
WLOI rJ vK qLF Thermal over load d( lUI
w bB* qB vK qLF YO bB* l qB* qL( UO
dzb w qK qD b V U* UO WLO U U
w UL rJ WOKL w UNM UH r UD t WOzUdNJ
qJA
dzb w UO lD s WR* WOOzd WKOu NC --- 95-96
dzb w qK b bM dc% W* qOu NO --- 97-98
d( lUI UD qJ

 Push Buttons UI qOGA ju{
NO 1 dC qOGA jU{ (1-2)

NC 0 dL UI jU{ (3-4)

WE

vK uu wN UB U _ ud c lOL' WMU

UI qOGA ju{ qJ lUI qJ U pc WFUB WdA U luI lOL
UB U _ cN U LK UdNJ wM uJ V pc

rJ dz w Wb * ud

rJ dz w Wb * ud qJ

 rJ dz w Wb * WO ud

rJ dz w Wb * WO ud qJ

r w WOMe U R* s bF u UM Timer X R*

Ud s WuKD* WOMe dHK U F rJ dz w UNb
w UU dz w tb r c X R* U uO
wzUdNJ UO u bM quK dO WOM d v U%
WDIM s UO qOu vK X R* qLF X R* nK v
wC bF oKG 5DIM 5 qu VDI _ WDIM v
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l{ v 5DIM 5 qu VDI
WDIM s qOGA d WKO wzUdNJ UO d dL dU
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wM X R qJ

 Overload WUL( WKO UO uOH UO WLO

5OF
WOOz qd s d9 WJA vK wzUdNJ d; j WOKL
wOzd lUI WOOzd uOH
UU qOGAK b lU wOUMG* lUI
Overload UO U b{ WUL( WKO ?

bI uU s UO U od s tu s U d; UO WdF V pc

bI qUF UO bN' bI

S t_ w UO WU w U

bI qUF j) UO j) bN bI

d; qOu WId WdF V pc

dU qOu
Y od s qOu

U( iF w qUJ qL( UO UF{ U d; b UO uJ dU* qOu bM

U dLK b UO S U U WIdD qOu bM U j) UO U WUL( WKO UO
WU( c w WUL( WKO UO dUF r tu UO U WUL( WKO UO qUJ qL( UO UF{
WOU WUF* V

WKOu pK s U* UO 1.2 WUL( WKO UO

 U
wOzd lUI UO WLO UL UU WIdD tKOGA d 5kw uKO tb d
[ bI qUF 380V WJA bN rKF l WUL( WKO UO
q(
W= 3 x VL x IL x cos

W
IL =
3 x VL x cos

5000
IL =
3 x 380 x 0.8

IL = 9.5A
Starting current b UO

= (2-3) x 9.5
Over load current WUL( WKO UO

IO.L = 1.2 x Iph

IL 9.5
Iph = = = 5.5A
3 3

IO.L = 1.2 x 5.5 = 6.5A

Circuit braker current pOUu nB UH UO

IN = 2 x 9.5 = 19A

IN = 3 x 20A
Cable cross section qUJ lDI WU

b' s q(
5 2.5 mm2

 WOzUdNJ Ud; qOGA rJ dz r wU b

5dz rd dzb pK r bM

qJA w UL WUL( qzU WOOUMG* WOOzd luI qLA uI dz

pOUu nB UH

wOUMG lU

d qL w

t W d

(3 - Wire Diagram) uI dz qJ

w UL W d `OUH W WUL( qzU U U juC qLA rJ dz
qJA

nB UH
pOUu

d( lUI U
Over Load

UI jU{

qOGA jU{ qB bU f

C1 wOUMG* lUI l

dL U W* dC U W*
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wOUMG*

rJ dz qJ

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qJA w UL qu ULE _ sU U

WOzUdNJ UuK w lOL dz qJ

bu WK
w WU{ l Stop UI UD Start qOGA UD b S wzUdN d qOGA d
rJ bI r d; tUL( Over Laod qL
d qOGA X R* c b WU wM X R qOBH s wA _ e' U UM
rJ r U Ou UU
uI r U u_ b fJF p r u_ w w d U& fJF
rJ