WCDMA HSDPA

Principles

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References

3GPP Release 6 Specification Refrences

1. TS 25.308 HSDPA overall description stage2
2. TS 25.211 Physical channel and mapping of transport channels onto physical channel (FDD)
3. TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
4. TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
5. TS 25.214 Physical layer procedure (FDD)
6. TS 25.306 UE radio access capabilities
7. TS 25.321 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification
8. TS 25.322 Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification
9. TS 25.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification

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Contents

HSDPA Introduction
HSDPA Key Techniques
HSDPA Physical Layer Channel
HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

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WCDMA Evolution

Downlink Peak Data Rate Downlink Peak Data Rate

(Typical Deployment) (Theoretical Maximum)

GSM 9.6kbps 9.6kbps

GPRS 40kbps 171kbps

EDGE 120kbps 473kbps

R99 WCDMA 384kbps 2.0Mbps

HSDPA 10.0Mbps 14.4Mbps

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High Speed Downlink Packet Access

What are the benefits oh HSDPA

Higher Data Rates
- Peak data rate up to 14Mbps per user
Higher Capacity
- More subscribers and throughput
- Further reduces the cost per megabyte
Richer Application
- Low Latency improvement for streaming, interactive, background application

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Discontinuous downlink transmission with
Release 99 DCH.

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Release 99 Packet Data

How is Packet Data handled in Release 99 (FDD)

DCH (Dedicated Channel)
Spreading codes assigned per user
Closed loop power control
Soft handover
FACH (Common Channel)
Common Spreading code
No closed loop power control
No soft handover

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Release 99 Downlink Limitation

Dedicated Channel Features (DCH)

Maximum implemented downlink of 384kbps
OVSF code limitation for high data rate user
Rate change according to burst throughput is slow
Outer loop power control responds slowly to cahnnel
Common Channel Features (FACH)
Good for burst data application
Only low data rates supported
Fixed transmit power

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High Speed Downlink Packet Access

The differences between HSDPA and R99

Set of high data rate channel
Channels are shared by multiple user
Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource every 2ms

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High Speed Downlink Packet Access

How will HSDPA Figure out the limitations of R99

Adaptive modulation and coding
o Fast feedback of Channel condition
o QPSK and 16QAM
o Channel coding rate from 1/3 to 1
Multi-code operation
o Multiple code allocated per user
o Fixed spreading factor
NodeB fast Scheduling
o Physical Layer HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest)

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High Speed Downlink Packet Access

Comparison Summary

Mode DCH FACH HSDPA

Channel Type Dedicated Shared Shared

Closed Inner Loop at

Power Control 1500Hz & Closed Outer No
Loop
Fixed Power with link adaptation
Soft Handover Supported Not Supported Not Supported
Suitability for Burst Poor Good Good
Data Rate Medium Low High

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Contents

HSDPA Introduction
HSDPA Key Techniques
HSDPA Physical Layer Channel
HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

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Adaptive Modulation and Coding

AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) in accordance with CQI (Channel Quality Indicator)
Adjust data rate to compensation channel condition
o Good channel condition higher data rate
o Bad channel condition lower data rate
Adjust channel coding rate to compensation channel condition
o Good channel condition channel coding rate is higher e.g.
o Bad Channel condition channel coding rate is lower e.g. 1/3
Adjust the modulation scheme to compensation channel condition
o Good channel condition high order modulation scheme e.g. 16 QAM
o Bad channel condition low order modulation scheme e.g. QPSK

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Adaptive Modulation and Coding

AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) base on CQI (Channel Quality Indicator)
CQI (Channel quality indicator)
o UE measures the channel quality and reports to NodeB every 2ms or more cycle
o NodeB selects modulation scheme, data block size based on CQI

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CQI mapping table for UE category 10

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HSDPA UE Categories

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Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest

Conventional ARQ
o In a conventional ARQ scheme, received data blocks that can not be correctly decoded are discarded and
retransmitted data blocks are separately decoded
Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)
o In case of Hybrid ARQ with soft combining, received data blocks that can not be correctly decoded are not
discarded. Instead the corresponding recived signal is buffered and soft combined with later recived
retransmission of information bits. Decoding is then applied to the combined signal.

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 Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest

Example for HARQ

o The use of HARQ with soft combining increases the effective received
Eb/Io for each retransmission and thus increases the probability for correct
decoding of retransmissions, compare to conventional ARQ

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HARQ Combining

There are many different schemes for HARQ with soft combining
In case of Chase Combining (CC) each retransmission is an identical copy of the original transmission
In case of Incremental Redundancy (IR) each retransmission may add new redundancy

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HARQ Process

Each HSDPA assignment is handled by a HARQ process running in NodeB and UE

The UE HARQ process is responsible for:
Attempting to decode the data
Deciding whether to send ACK or NACK
Soft combining of retransmitted data
The NodeB HARQ process is is responsible for:
Selecting the corrected bits to send according to the selected retransmission scheme and UE capability

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Short TTI (2ms)

Shorter TTI (Transmission Time Interval) is to reduce RRT (Round Trip Time)
Shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other functionalities such as AMC, scheduling algorithm
and HARQ

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Shared Channel Transmission

In HSDPA, a new DL transport channel is introduced call HS-DSCH

A part of the total downlink code resource is dynamically shared between HSDPA and Release 99

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HSDPA New Physical Channel

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Contents

HSDPA Introduction
HSDPA Key Techniques
HSDPA Physical Layer Channel
HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

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R99 Channel Mapping

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HSDPA Physical Layer Channels

New HSDPA Channel

High Speed Downlink shared Channel (HS-DSCH)
Downlink Transport Channel
High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
Downlink Physical Control Channel
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
Downlink Physical Channel
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH)
Uplink Physical Control Channel

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Primary Common Pilot Channel

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Primary Common Control Physical Channel

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Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

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SCCPCH (Secondary Common Control Physical Channel)

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Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data Rate
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum data rate is 14.4Mbps
How do we get to 14.4Mbps ?
- Multi-code transmission
- NodeB must allocate all 15 OVSF code (SF=16) to one UE
- Consecutive assignments using multiple HARQ process
- NodeB must allocate all time slots to one UE
- UE must decode all transmission correctly on the first transmission
- Low channel coding gain
- Effective code rate = 1
- Requires very good channel conditions to decode
- 16QAM
- Requires very good channel condition

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More Data Rate Factors
More factors that affect HSDPA date rate
- Inter- TTI interval
- Retransmission
- ACK/NACK Repetition
Assuming
- 5 OVSF code for HS-PDSCH
- Consecutive assignment
- QPSK
- Turbo code rate = 1/3
- Retransmission
- 75% of data block decoded on first transmission
- 25% of data block decoded on second transmission

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Contents

HSDPA Introduction
HSDPA Key Techniques
HSDPA Physical Layer Channel
HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

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UMTS Protocol Stack

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HSDPA Protocol Stack

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MAC-hs PDU

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Logical channel mapping with Release 5
HSDPA

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UTRAN MAC-hs Functions

Flow Control
- The flow control entity controls the HSDPA data flow between RNC and NodeB
- Purpose: to reduce the transmission time of HSDPA data on the UTRAN side and
to reduce the data discarded and retransmitted when the Iub interface or Uu
interface is congested
- The transmission capabilities of the Uu interface and Iub interface are taken into
account in dynamic manner in the flow control

Scheduling
The scheduling entity handles the priority of the queues and schedules the priority
queues or NACK HARQ processes of the HS-DSCH Ues in a cell to be transmitted
on the HS-DSCH related physical channels in each TTI
Purpose: to achieve considerable cell throughput capability and to satisfy user
experience

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UTRAN MAC-hs Functions

HARQ
- The HARQ entity handles the HARQ protocol for each HS-DSCH UE
- Each HS-DSCH UE has one HARQ entity on the MAC-hs of the UTRAN sideto handle the HARQ
functionality
- One HARQ entity can support multiple instances (i.e.HARQ processes) of stop and wait HARQ protocols
- Based on the status reports from HS-DPCCH, a new transmission or retansmission is determined

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UTRAN MAC-hs Functions

TFRC selection
- The TFRC selection entity selects an appropriate transport format and resource for the data to be
transmitted on HS-DSCH
- The transport format includes the transport block size and modulation scheme. The resource includes the
power resource and code resource of HS-PDSCH
- Transport Format and Resource Combination (TFRC) for each UE is channel quality based, where AMC is
the key technique

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Thank you

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