Women and Goddesses in Myth and Sacred Text An Anthology Edited by ha-Jaffar Collegeeu caiariens sin | zn alleges, tr, and tempaions wi steal resoe, keping hi welfre ond reputation fremast er mind. How does Sta fall these expectations se requirements imposed on heey her sa3R=—— ' Sita epresens the del wife within the Bada tution. She is unwavering her devotion to her husband and accepts bis deisns and tons without question regardless of how unresonuble they may appear tobe. Wht do you think of Se as le? Defend your pint of es Sits have a oie? Support your anger woth concrete maples fom the teat Sits required o give evidence af ber vee na pbc etn through her ordeal ‘fire But even er willaynessto experince the ordeal by Bei not considered sufficient evidence of her self: Rar not srs unl Aga, the gl of Chapter 8 kai 5 *"S4 Giossaay oF NaMES AND TERMS Awnts. Nother Moberdvclo hana at Manannens Pumas Oldest Pre fe, emerges wth Sits and corabotes her sary What does this sy shout the" Candor Dar ah eat century ‘ale tbat tou womans testy? Anata vendre oft foe calestns of Mum Deton geen tebe lh the Ve Amb detest Kal According to wncent Hindu tradition, Rams i justied in demanding « ign of Sas site sine a woman who has Heed i the ose of sneer mae pare But according alternative cde f beh. Btn cont remains probe tie since it appears that he engaging nltin Ding What wet bing? Dosen think ama engages in itn Bing? Defend your pot of view Arvin Sle enti wth Boba Pyraus Caleta expt ‘iam “Essie a wa ented wth the Vor dese fry ene "sa ‘gra Dern wth yt replace Ccawunis Compose of Cada ad Mon, ame feted by a als wane inthe Bec Mahatge ter shez Vend One fhe ow colton ofthe ‘Wher Sn sxcesy cree fom het ene! by fe: her lerindx, ened pores Canad oa Dash rene eth erlinguess enter the dete pve herve as Mowe Sat roe diene ie face onter arpa slam Wit egeeaon che eines wf Cao Danone cee wsh ate me ene ee ames eine restate is cca bah Satan” Ont the oreo Te fone urna rhe Ve Accor he vf hana ih op ope don thew RBA eet wee Re : ae ~Stossunk_Bdes eles of deat an ein Nrbatn!Stasust ements Be amsevniftrneas bang gO oe, if ieh her ow eto do so nei stan, do yon think the avs of hermes compa pen-Manwion tothe Maraniiye “SNA Lond of dem sry ile wah base unin need for selepretestion? What other examples exis in as went aia urna clades dito Kat her Tamed Bel atte sy Bd thology or iced teats of fees wo mere thes bes seen fos eure oye pension notes Tigher lw? each Shee dwt abet wont Sta pls thee of tends aes ctines lloponte ree, nectar bia Uranh Unter a oh ee ‘th non bl fis vetoes, Which her quaites alee particulary ae RAMANA Unsafe Yas alow asa th Raman behalf of is devotees, Whi of he uaies mak he paul ga denne ef homa _Vesur Sed ring nod ofthe stub fortis cle? “The mami! manner of ia bith eal Laan cryof"Who ilplow my wok? ga rene Ci el Who willpiow m high Bld? Who wil plow my we ground?” Wht ther parle ME “ies NE Ser wast Se back Mwryane westetorstechns ot ‘i ye find Hetcen Sita ad Irn oebetcen Sita ad oe gure inthis oe MMR. Nate Tae =" _Yock Diced xy that un es Tection? atiscGOKD1 Mea tila lt Tenth poe ends cil of det Inv ight the mange of Rana Sits pest an ed mariage? gle sea pete ile seit ane ina at ways might be farevioved fon an ideal ara? from phir tines to the preont Hindus bis sane an anbroken ition of oes worship silanes th god-orsip. Within te int on, Kal reas a prominent goes er considerable rae atest tothe fact itt Hada not rely patra nt netaton However tat otpecs reflec in the lt st ha lu beg the mle THe aaa eee Se ae oro raped oe cereale murals and masta Ine oanbere theater noes ee tales Dag dpershe con of de Pe ee icc bouche ke nae mpene dl a re oe entation, Tat elo vues elon el ly bree eS) a eae Cae eee eee cat tiv Ue brat wi (Se wc Wt Sec len eee ee ihc gon sme outlet ether esto et tsa eign Med or wet fer te tet FTN er ost apac mrt tear does con Tanase soe sarees ate ct NN ey ores sh mua eat ig eee Tee tun propaga spre inde ha eee ee tf nd eign dan The ns Face tes we eure tay ede gan Ea an Ka tga sect wn Te it ce eetikte evan ane tongme uh na et ecu aie tte Plot ermine eo soe reek o duane are oat esl he te See ee ee tc ahunte hans deseo beng, te canes erty cabelas Hinn-aenpae {he Opuntia tin tery ann Metre aint bution conte, ion as Aran This Aéman, or Hidden Self, identical to Brahman, “te esence ‘at realty” Homa beings const of bod, personality and A’nan-Brafinan, Ho ae sine Arman i buried under the istactions, pose, and impulses of superficial bring it Is not easly discernible. Specify thece qualities hinder our ability to fchieve union with Atman and subsequent iberaion: plysieal pain, poychalgial frees ns Grows the potently endless eele of bin and death, Know as sams, thereby enshling us to uehieve ultimate Lhe diferent Inion religions tutions csi divine rveliton for different texts, th hod of work lain i the Vda considered sored by all raditins "The term ena, derived fom the root i To know means knowledge othe sere Written in an archale Sanskrit, the laggage of the Velas vas understood ony by the Hind elite and nally remained itaccessble tothe people at age. Gradual ‘rious movements arse within the Higa traditions that translated the Yves nt 2 vant of local vernacular, thereby increasing heir accessbiy “The Vedat conse of four collections: Rig Sama, Yajur, and Atharv, Bach cl. lection is ivied into to pats: the karna-kaul andthe fanonde. The kar 1 noredom wth fe, These obstacles ean be over rough engagement Fed aMIng know os yg Success participation in vot leuds to | | seuders perceive her ab poweril feminist role adel ging bt and, the most etic eas univers ofthe two prs consis of ns ae Pilosophicainerprettions of Hindu russ The flanoknuda (lo called the Cipnihars adress the perennial concerns of hana the meaning of ie and eat the role of the huran beng the eelatlnshpof the buna beng the est Sewaton. th essence of reat nin: and eps eat ashi thn, Suh concerns sir they transcend rac thc spat and tenporal onda rene the jtan-kanda with eater wives appl "Tecomplexeancepts in the Vedas have been explicate throng the elletion of shor sos aed natives tht compre tbe Puranas, Desigoe for by a fence, the Puranas ae writen in the on of udaloge between stent we an amine euchor Their opis range frm He eration ofthe niverse,genslogies ‘of puta kngs al aptholgien ofthe detes There ar ttl of 18 sor Paranas the oldest of which, the Aorkendeye Purwne, wets probably coped in the Bh or ah century 8. Each Pur js dete 9 paralelety. The “cleton blow depicting nanettion of the goddess Kallis known the Des Mahanng and the Mare “Kalle pune Mera means "the Black One.” According to a ss probable eyo Kal nine form of Kala "tne She represents te spec of the pes i commonly now he “Destin” She is referred oa Tee rile Motes the ~ She smokes he i conte Torce of tine. desea everything ts path, Her back oon, suggestive of the dunes that sat dhe ginning and at the end of ie, femins sof the neta confontaion with ou oa meray. stead of color fal eels Uta aor godess, kata he oe naked body with ins rune her eck and wat Kalin, enbanced with tele of ‘aod emanating ro er angie teeth, gg meth and Fling tng re foved by sishexeled hal hoods, penetting tare, anda severed al hat the dangles fom one of her fours, She free depicted dag on the ore fer sponse Sin whit in have terete a eae e- tore Heng fonotige—fomale atone sl bt the erm tion ground where she reeves those who comet he foe ee. Acorn oer devotees Kal cal fe emerges. Con taining the made pine wn esl Kale parenogenctie is Blick Mother ‘Time, se ges ih ou from her una Sept. tres ws eed, comfort amuses ws, a, ars Kal serves to remind shat ll fe tranaone Ws Cong tbe proses of growth, maturity, deterioration, ean deca a ele wc ie ind death ae erably woven togeter: Neither ean he fll comprehended if perceives solted phenomenon, Kal 8g- tre cn ths sinaltaneonhs generate prone Fecing of teor and eof. Tnerest in Kl has rect grown apeng Westerners. Some: contenporary against pal trhysoppressve strictures a ussmbolffenae empowerment and liberation: 8 fee ahorat fo Tele ex atoons ssa flilnent and whosecee fr the lee spre vou ng persed injutien However western interpretations of Kal re ne ners enbrced by br South Asian devotees. Theve ate-nyans Kills us] muy ways of depicting and conce! _her Some conceptions gh proninenteto certain of her qualities wer oles ihe Tipe coat olan soo en woken aga ae eas pave garth ly tw er nt a aon arnt oes ae eee enr ee toa neers he devs susan tenant area ofeommenateg Mange of he Murano Pe The Dee Mahatye a congles pore stich pope he ava ea cng ste a Deve ie lure Wrpaniecl ate eee ‘al aaeatponin Seu tenepnee ier ea trai dea sol nd surge esos Sab doosbel re \Vtffom the forehead of the goddess Siu, alo Figwn’s Cand or Ding, in we ul Aes erg the eed 3 Tal fede een Cod en 2 Sms br po ae wth an Sens Kil bg os es ont full battle regatia: a neckhice of skulls.« sword ancl ng tennant vt chat tere aa a oes eT SS eee cae sth a de ign Trae it fete and wth pera froth cineca cece ier pah oo an ca Camunda, composite of Carded Minh Seemed Kalu cassia yin nie re thay inal ith kta, the deron endve! with est f crete eset tsa a alls po is bod oth earth her ven the tusk of devouring, Naktabija’s blood before it touches the fron Her fetal aahtes oie tel ea ceagn ce seeeene ‘ahs man ant ews dnc srarnd tech fruens nen bewtabtenicenctndiearease seater Ine tem al area salt Cae he demoni (ee esate pra ne of Jar ereres oS TS AN lesing, But her quale for era eae a con hey tly gh gp as te nutes ads to ou roth tov and strength, ime a Ena oes a eg alee to mish ase ae ena a TRA eat Bete Fro thee eration of Dg me that ean "bend ea sn, therefore al states hers bel he rect of enone ater cérunsebe, define or int ber images actions Inher du ze fierce va tor and nurturing othe Kal demonstrates that human att cnet Benet Comparer to ascline sa emit spheres, Fuhermore she ep Slee ty sstenr harris oF Sich vig compatentalaaton. Ka canbe weed ts representing ways of confronting sl org beyond lntations, wheter thse Trntations wre sel npesed or inte by cers,Comnfoable oth maselne dnd feminine works, ber uproarous uglier serves aa reminder of infer face to salt onvertions.Kal ot ol gle ner na treaty fer- nine naan he chores and caches uneshaned—eve while in the iid of lod rampage. SE BNIB appendage for what lof inom soy may have twa er nomena anv False ep dhueraPretanr ot genderpec sites. “he eect Tum Sections 7 and 8 of the DevMohatnga, trsated by ‘Thomas B. Cobury, artes Kal vir oer the foes of us represce by the Anwe woman Fed by Cand and Muna alo Includes er sucess lait aginst Pata REFERENCES Bhattachanga, Narendra Nut, tien Muther Goddess, Coletta: Indian Stoies, wT History ofthe Saka Rligion. New Delhi: Munshiram Mapohl, 1974 Brown, C, Mackenzie. “Kali, The Mad Mother” The Book af the Gldss, Past andl Proven: in tntroducton to Her Religion, a. Car Olson. New York: Crss- road, 1980. 110-123. Cohum, Thoms B, “Devt ‘The Great Golde.” Deets Godless of tela Ed. John Staton Haley aid Donna Mari Wal. Berkley: U of California P1996. 31-48, ran. Enoonterig the Codes: A Translation of the Dei- Mahatma ond «1 Suy of ts Itaretation. New York: SUNY P. 98h Deze, Jean and Amartya Sen. dia: Beonnie Development and Social Opportu- tity, Oxford Oxford UP, 1900. Br, Katee M, Victory to the Mother The Hin Gadde of Northwest Ind in Myth, Ritual, and Syiol. New Yorks Oxford UP, 198. Gupt, Ling, “Kl, The Savior” After Foteiarely Reminst Transformations of World Religions. a, Paula M. Coney: Willum Babin, and Joy B. Danie [New York: Orbis, 1985. 15-38, Hassle, Jobin Sand Donna M, Wulf, ds, Dei: Godesser of Idi. Bevkeley: U ‘of Cloris 1908, Kinsley, David. Hindu Goddesser Visions of the Dicine Fenanine iv Ue Hi oligos Train. Berele: U of California P. 1958 the Port af the Geddes in he Drei Maatnya” Journal of he Amer- lem Academy of lion 46 1978) 489-506.