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BarackObama
NobelPrizeforPeaceLecture

delivered10December2009,OsloCityHall,Oslo,Norway

YourMajesties,YourRoyalHighnesses,distinguishedmembersoftheNorwegianNobel
Committee,citizensofAmerica,andcitizensoftheworld:

Ireceivethishonorwithdeepgratitudeandgreathumility.It'sanawardthatspeakstoour
highestaspirationsthatforallthecrueltyandhardshipofourworld,wearenotmere
prisonersoffate.Ouractionsmatter,andcanbendhistoryinthedirectionofjustice.

Andyet,IwouldberemissifIdidnotacknowledgetheconsiderablecontroversythatyour
generousdecisionhasgenerated.Inpart,thisisbecauseIamatthebeginning,andnotthe
end,ofmylaborsontheworldstage.Comparedtosomeofthegiantsofhistorywho've
receivedthisprizeSchweitzerandKing,MarshallandMandelamyaccomplishmentsare
slight.Andthentherearethemenandwomenaroundtheworldwho'vebeenjailedand
beateninthepursuitofjusticethosewhotoilinhumanitarianorganizationstorelieve
sufferingtheunrecognizedmillionswhosequietactsofcourageandcompassioninspireeven
themosthardenedcynics.Icannotarguewiththosewhofindthesemenandwomensome
known,someobscuretoallbutthosetheyhelptobefarmoredeservingofthishonorthan
I.

ButperhapsthemostprofoundissuesurroundingmyreceiptofthisprizeisthefactthatIam
theCommanderinChiefofthemilitaryofanationinthemidstoftwowars.Oneofthese
warsiswindingdown.TheotherisaconflictthatAmericadidnotseek,oneinwhichweare
joinedby42othercountriesincludingNorwayinanefforttodefendourselvesandall
nationsfromfurtherattacks.

Still,weareatwar.AndIamresponsibleforthedeploymentofthousandsofyoung
Americanstobattleinadistantland.Somewillkillandsomewillbekilled.AndsoIcome
herewithanacutesenseofthecostsofarmedconflictfilledwithdifficultquestionsabout
therelationshipbetweenwarandpeace,andourefforttoreplaceonewiththeother.

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 AmericanRhetoric.com
Nowthesequestionsarenotnew.War,inoneformoranother,appearedwiththefirst
man.Atthedawnofhistory,itsmoralitywasnotquestioneditwassimplyafact,like
droughtordiseasethemannerinwhichtribesandthencivilizationssoughtpowerand
settledtheirdifferences.

Andovertime,ascodesoflawsoughttocontrolviolencewithingroups,sodidphilosophers
andclericsandstatesmenseektoregulatethedestructivepowerofwar.Theconceptofa
"justwar"emerged,suggestingthatwarisjustifiedonlywhencertainconditionsweremet:if
itiswagedasalastresortorinselfdefenseiftheforceusedisproportionalandif,
wheneverpossible,civiliansaresparedfromviolence.

Ofcourse,weknowthatformostofhistory,thisconceptof"justwar"wasrarely
observed.Thecapacityofhumanbeingstothinkupnewwaystokilloneanotherproved
inexhaustible,asdidourcapacitytoexemptfrommercythosewholookdifferentorpraytoa
differentGod.Warsbetweenarmiesgavewaytowarsbetweennationstotalwarsinwhich
thedistinctionbetweencombatantandcivilianbecameblurred.Inthespanof30years,such
carnagewouldtwiceengulfthiscontinent.Andwhileit'shardtoconceiveofacausemorejust
thanthedefeatoftheThirdReichandtheAxispowers,WorldWarIIwasaconflictinwhich
thetotalnumberofcivilianswhodiedexceededthenumberofsoldierswhoperished.

Inthewakeofsuchdestruction,andwiththeadventofthenuclearage,itbecameclearto
victorandvanquishedalikethattheworldneededinstitutionstopreventanotherworld
war.AndsoaquartercenturyaftertheUnitedStatesSenaterejectedtheLeagueofNations
anideaforwhichWoodrowWilsonreceivedthisprizeAmericaledtheworldin
constructinganarchitecturetokeepthepeace:aMarshallPlan,andaUnitedNations
mechanismstogovernthewagingofwar,treatiestoprotecthumanrights,preventgenocide,
restrictthemostdangerousweapons.

Inmanyways,theseeffortssucceeded.Yes,terriblewarshavebeenfought,andatrocities
committed.ButtherehasbeennoThirdWorldWar.TheColdWarendedwithjubilantcrowds
dismantlingawall.Commercehasstitchedmuchoftheworldtogether.Billionshavebeen
liftedfrompoverty.Theidealsoflibertyandselfdetermination,equality,andtheruleoflaw
havehaltinglyadvanced.Wearetheheirsofthefortitudeandforesightofgenerationspast,
anditisalegacyforwhichmyowncountryisrightfullyproud.

Andyet,adecadeintoanewcentury,thisoldarchitectureisbucklingundertheweightof
newthreats.Theworldmaynolongershudderattheprospectofwarbetweentwonuclear
superpowers,butproliferationmayincreasetheriskofcatastrophe.Terrorismhaslongbeena
tactic,butmoderntechnologyallowsafewsmallmenwithoutsizedragetomurderinnocents
onahorrificscale.

Moreover,warsbetweennationshaveincreasinglygivenwaytowarswithinnations.The
resurgenceofethnicorsectarianconflictsthegrowthofsecessionistmovements,
insurgencies,andfailedstatesallthesethingshaveincreasinglytrappedciviliansin
unendingchaos.Intoday'swars,manymoreciviliansarekilledthansoldierstheseedsof
futureconflictaresown,economiesarewrecked,civilsocietiestornasunder,refugees
amassed,childrenscarred.

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Idonotbringwithmetodayadefinitivesolutiontotheproblemsofwar.WhatIdoknowis
thatmeetingthesechallengeswillrequirethesamevision,hardwork,andpersistenceof
thosemenandwomenwhoactedsoboldlydecadesago.Anditwillrequireustothinkinnew
waysaboutthenotionsof"justwar"andtheimperativesofajustpeace.

Wemustbeginbyacknowledgingahardtruth:Wewillnoteradicateviolentconflictinour
lifetimes.Therewillbetimeswhennations,actingindividuallyorinconcert,willfindtheuse
offorcenotonlynecessarybutmorallyjustified.

ImakethisstatementmindfulofwhatMartinLutherKingJr.saidinthissameceremony
yearsago:"Violenceneverbringspermanentpeace.Itsolvesnosocialproblem.Itmerely
createsnewandmorecomplicatedones."Assomeonewhostandshereasadirect
consequenceofDr.King'slifework,Iamlivingtestimonytothemoralforceofnonviolence.I
knowthere'snothingweak,nothingpassive,nothingnaveinthecreedandlivesofGandhi
andKing.

Butasaheadofstatesworntoprotectanddefendmynation,Icannotbeguidedbytheir
examplesalone.Ifacetheworldasitisandcannotstandidleinthefaceofthreatstothe
Americanpeople.Formakenomistake:Evildoesexistintheworld.Anonviolentmovement
couldnothavehaltedHitler'sarmies.NegotiationscannotconvincealQaeda'sleaderstolay
downtheirarms.Tosaythatforcemaysometimesbenecessaryisnotacalltocynicism.Itis
arecognitionofhistory,theimperfectionsofman,andthelimitsofreason.

Iraisethispoint,Ibeginwiththispointbecauseinmanycountriesthereisadeep
ambivalenceaboutmilitaryactiontodaynomatterwhatthecause.Andattimes,thisis
joinedbyareflexivesuspicionofAmerica,theworld'ssolemilitarysuperpower.

Yet,theworldmustrememberthatitwasnotsimplyinternationalinstitutionsnotjust
treatiesanddeclarationsthatbroughtstabilitytoapostWorldWarIIworld.Whatever
mistakeswehavemade,theplainfactisthis:TheUnitedStatesofAmericahashelped
underwriteglobalsecurityformorethansixdecadeswiththebloodofourcitizensandthe
strengthofourarms. Theserviceandsacrificeofourmenandwomeninuniformhas
promotedpeaceandprosperityfromGermanytoKorea,andenableddemocracytotakehold
inplacesliketheBalkans.Wehavebornethisburdennotbecauseweseektoimposeour
will.Wehavedonesooutofenlightenedselfinterestbecauseweseekabetterfuturefor
ourchildrenandgrandchildren,andwebelievethattheirliveswillbebetterifothers'children
andgrandchildrencanliveinfreedomandprosperity.

Soyes,theinstrumentsofwardohavearoletoplayinpreservingthepeace.Andyetthis
truthmustcoexistwithanother:thatnomatterhowjustified,warpromiseshuman
tragedy.Thesoldier'scourageandsacrificeisfullofgloryexpressingdevotiontocountry,
tocause,tocomradesinarms.Butwaritselfisnevergloriousandwemustnevertrumpetit
assuch.

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 AmericanRhetoric.com
Sopartofourchallengeisreconcilingthesetwoseeminglyirreconcilabletruths:thatwaris
sometimesnecessaryandwaratsomelevelisanexpressionofhumanfolly.Concretely,we
mustdirectourefforttothetaskthatPresidentKennedycalledforlongago."Letusfocus,"
hesaid,"onamorepractical,moreattainablepeace,basednotonasuddenrevolutionin
humannaturebutonagradualevolutioninhumaninstitutions."

Agradualevolutionofhumaninstitutions.

Whatmightthisevolutionlooklike?

Whatmightthesepracticalstepsbe?

Tobeginwith,Ibelievethatallnations,strongandweakalike,mustadheretostandardsthat
governtheuseofforce.I,likeanyheadofstate,reservetherighttoactunilaterallyif
necessarytodefendmynation.Nevertheless,Iamconvincedthatadheringtostandards,
internationalstandards,strengthensthosewhodoandisolatesandweakensthosewhodon't.

TheworldralliedaroundAmericaafterthe9/11attacksandcontinuestosupportoureffortsin
Afghanistan,becauseofthehorrorofthosesenselessattacksandtherecognizedprincipleof
selfdefense.Likewise,theworldrecognizedtheneedtoconfrontSaddamHusseinwhenhe
invadedKuwaitaconsensusthatsentaclearmessagetoallaboutthecostofaggression.

Furthermore,Americainfact,nonationcaninsistthatothersfollowtherulesoftheroad
ifwerefusetofollowthemourselves.Forwhenwedon't,ouractionsappeararbitraryand
undercutthelegitimacyoffutureinterventions,nomatterhowjustified.

Andthisbecomesparticularlyimportantwhenthepurposeofmilitaryactionextendsbeyond
selfdefenseorthedefenseofonenationagainstanaggressor.Moreandmore,weall
confrontdifficultquestionsabouthowtopreventtheslaughterofciviliansbytheirown
government,ortostopacivilwarwhoseviolenceandsufferingcanengulfanentireregion.

Ibelievethatforcecanbejustifiedonhumanitariangrounds,asitwasintheBalkans,orin
otherplacesthathavebeenscarredbywar.Inactiontearsatourconscienceandcanleadto
morecostlyinterventionlater.That'swhyallresponsiblenationsmustembracetherolethat
militarieswithaclearmandatecanplaytokeepthepeace.

America'scommitmenttoglobalsecuritywillneverwaver.Butinaworldinwhichthreatsare
morediffuseandmissionsmorecomplexAmericacannotactalone.Americaalonecannot
securethepeace.ThisistrueinAfghanistan.ThisistrueinfailedstateslikeSomalia,where
terrorismandpiracyisjoinedbyfamineandhumansuffering.Andsadly,itwillcontinuetobe
trueinunstableregionsforyearstocome.TheleadersandsoldiersofNATOcountries,and
otherfriendsandallies,demonstratethistruththroughthecapacityandcouragethey've
showninAfghanistan.Butinmanycountries,thereisadisconnectbetweentheeffortsof
thosewhoserveandtheambivalenceofthebroaderpublic.

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Iunderstandwhywarisnotpopular,butIalsoknowthis:Thebeliefthatpeaceisdesirableis
rarelyenoughtoachieveit.Peacerequiresresponsibility.Peaceentailssacrifice.

That'swhyNATOcontinuestobeindispensable.That'swhywemuststrengthenU.N.and
regionalpeacekeeping,andnotleavethetasktoafewcountries.That'swhywehonorthose
whoreturnhomefrompeacekeepingandtrainingabroadtoOsloandRome,toOttawaand
Sydney,toDhakaandKigali.Wehonorthemnotasmakersofwar,butaswagersofpeace.

Letmemakeonefinalpointabouttheuseofforce.Evenaswemakedifficultdecisionsabout
goingtowar,wemustalsothinkclearlyabouthowwefightit.TheNobelCommittee
recognizedthistruthinawardingitsfirstprizeforpeacetoHenryDunantthefounderofthe
RedCross,andadrivingforcebehindtheGenevaConventions.

Whereforceisnecessary,wehaveamoralandstrategicinterestinbindingourselvesto
certainrulesofconduct.Andevenasweconfrontaviciousadversarythatabidesbynorules,
IbelievetheUnitedStatesofAmericamustremainastandardbearerintheconductofwar.
Thatiswhatmakesusdifferentfromthosewhomwefight.Thatisasourceofour
strength.ThatiswhyIprohibitedtorture.ThatiswhyIorderedtheprisonatGuantanamo
Bayclosed.AndthatiswhyIhavereaffirmedAmerica'scommitmenttoabidebytheGeneva
Conventions.Weloseourselveswhenwecompromisetheveryidealsthatwefightto
defend.Andwehonorthoseidealsbyupholdingthemnotwhenit'seasy,butwhenitishard.

I'vespokenatsomelengthtothequestionthatmustweighonourmindsandourheartsas
wechoosetowagewar.Butletmenowturntoourefforttoavoidsuchtragicchoices,and
speakofthreewaysthatwecanbuildajustandlastingpeace.

First,indealingwiththosenationsthatbreakrulesandlaws,Ibelievethatwemustdevelop
alternativestoviolencethataretoughenoughtoactuallychangebehavior.Forifwewanta
lastingpeace,thenthewordsoftheinternationalcommunitymustmeansomething.Those
regimesthatbreaktherulesmustbeheldaccountable.Sanctionsmustexactarealprice.
Intransigencemustbemetwithincreasedpressureandsuchpressureexistsonlywhenthe
worldstandstogetherasone.

Oneurgentexampleistheefforttopreventthespreadofnuclearweapons,andtoseeka
worldwithoutthem.Inthemiddleofthelastcentury,nationsagreedtobeboundbyatreaty
whosebargainisclear:Allwillhaveaccesstopeacefulnuclearpowerthosewithoutnuclear
weaponswillforsakethemandthosewithnuclearweaponswillworktowardsdisarmament.I
amcommittedtoupholdingthistreaty.Itisacenterpieceofmyforeignpolicy.AndI'm
workingwithPresidentMedvedevtoreduceAmericaandRussia'snuclearstockpiles.

ButitisalsoincumbentuponallofustoinsistthatnationslikeIranandNorthKoreadonot
gamethesystem.Thosewhoclaimtorespectinternationallawcannotaverttheireyeswhen
thoselawsareflouted.Thosewhocarefortheirownsecuritycannotignorethedangerofan
armsraceintheMiddleEastorEastAsia.Thosewhoseekpeacecannotstandidlybyas
nationsarmthemselvesfornuclearwar.

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Thesameprincipleappliestothosewhoviolateinternationallawsbybrutalizingtheirown
people.WhenthereisgenocideinDarfur,systematicrapeinCongo,repressioninBurma
theremustbeconsequences.Yes,therewillbeengagement.Yes,therewillbediplomacy.But
theremustbeconsequenceswhenthosethingsfail.Andthecloserwestandtogether,the
lesslikelywewillbefacedwiththechoicebetweenarmedinterventionandcomplicityin
oppression.

Thisbringsmetoasecondpoint:thenatureofthepeacethatweseek.Forpeaceisnot
merelytheabsenceofvisibleconflict.Onlyajustpeacebasedontheinherentrightsand
dignityofeveryindividualcantrulybelasting.Itwasthisinsightthatdrovedraftersofthe
UniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsaftertheSecondWorldWar.Inthewakeof
devastation,theyrecognizedthatifhumanrightsarenotprotected,peaceisahollow
promise.

Andyet,toooftenthesewordsareignored.Forsomecountries,thefailuretoupholdhuman
rightsisexcusedbythefalsesuggestionthatthesearesomehowWesternprinciples,foreign
tolocalculturesorstagesofanation'sdevelopment.AndwithinAmerica,there'slongbeena
tensionbetweenthosewhodescribethemselvesasrealistsoridealistsatensionthat
suggestsastarkchoicebetweenthenarrowpursuitofinterestsoranendlesscampaignto
imposeourvaluesaroundtheworld.

Irejectthesechoices.Ibelievethatpeaceisunstablewherecitizensaredeniedtherightto
speakfreelyorworshipastheypleasechoosetheirownleadersorassemblewithoutfear.
Pentupgrievancesfester,andthesuppressionoftribalandreligiousidentitycanleadto
violence.Wealsoknowthattheoppositeistrue.OnlywhenEuropebecamefreediditfinally
findpeace.Americahasneverfoughtawaragainstademocracy,andourclosestfriendsare
governmentsthatprotecttherightsoftheircitizens.Nomatterhowcallouslydefined,neither
America'sinterestsnortheworld'sareservedbythedenialofhumanaspirations.

Soevenaswerespecttheuniquecultureandtraditionsofdifferentcountries,Americawill
alwaysbeavoiceforthoseaspirationsthatareuniversal.Wewillbearwitnesstothequiet
dignityofreformerslikeAungSangSuuKyi,tothebraveryofZimbabweanswhocasttheir
ballotsinthefaceofbeatings,tothehundredsofthousandswhohavemarchedsilently
throughthestreetsofIran.Itistellingthattheleadersofthesegovernmentsfearthe
aspirationsoftheirownpeoplemorethanthepowerofanyothernation.Anditisthe
responsibilityofallfreepeopleandfreenationstomakeclearthatthesemovementsofhope
andhistorytheyhaveusontheirside.

Letmealsosaythis:Thepromotionofhumanrightscannotbeaboutexhortationalone.At
times,itmustbecoupledwithpainstakingdiplomacy.Iknowthatengagementwith
repressiveregimeslacksthesatisfyingpurityofindignation.ButIalsoknowthatsanctions
withoutoutreachcondemnationwithoutdiscussioncancarryforwardonlyacrippling
statusquo.Norepressiveregimecanmovedownanewpathunlessithasthechoiceofan
opendoor.

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InlightoftheCulturalRevolution'shorrors,Nixon'smeetingwithMaoappearedinexcusable
andyetitsurelyhelpedsetChinaonapathwheremillionsofitscitizenshavebeenliftedfrom
povertyandconnectedtoopensocieties.PopeJohnPaul'sengagementwithPolandcreated
spacenotjustfortheCatholicChurch,butforlaborleaderslikeLechWalesa.RonaldReagan's
effortsonarmscontrolandembraceofperestroikanotonlyimprovedrelationswiththeSoviet
Union,butempowereddissidentsthroughoutEasternEurope.There'snosimpleformulahere.
Butwemusttryasbestwecantobalanceisolationandengagement,pressureandincentives,
sothathumanrightsanddignityareadvancedovertime.

Third,ajustpeaceincludesnotonlycivilandpoliticalrightsitmustencompasseconomic
securityandopportunity.Fortruepeaceisnotjustfreedomfromfear,butfreedomfrom
want.Itisundoubtedlytruethatdevelopmentrarelytakesrootwithoutsecurityitisalsotrue
thatsecuritydoesnotexistwherehumanbeingsdonothaveaccesstoenoughfood,orclean
water,orthemedicineandsheltertheyneedtosurvive.Itdoesnotexistwherechildrencan't
aspiretoadecenteducationorajobthatsupportsafamily.Theabsenceofhopecanrota
societyfromwithin.

Andthat'swhyhelpingfarmersfeedtheirownpeople,ornationseducatetheirchildrenand
careforthesick,isnotmerecharity.It'salsowhytheworldmustcometogethertoconfront
climatechange.Thereislittlescientificdisputethatifwedonothing,wewillfacemore
drought,morefamine,moremassdisplacementallofwhichwillfuelmoreconflictfor
decades.Forthisreason,itisnotmerelyscientistsandenvironmentalactivistswhocallfor
swiftandforcefulaction.It'smilitaryleadersinmyowncountryandotherswhounderstand
ourcommonsecurityhangsinthebalance.

Agreementsamongnations.Stronginstitutions.Supportforhumanrights.Investmentsin
development.AllthesearevitalingredientsinbringingabouttheevolutionthatPresident
Kennedyspokeabout.Andyet,Idonotbelievethatwewillhavethewill,thedetermination,
thestayingpower,tocompletethisworkwithoutsomethingmoreandthat'sthecontinued
expansionofourmoralimaginationaninsistencethatthere'ssomethingirreduciblethatwe
allshare.

Astheworldgrowssmaller,youmightthinkitwouldbeeasierforhumanbeingstorecognize
howsimilarwearetounderstandthatwe'reallbasicallyseekingthesamethings,thatwe
allhopeforthechancetoliveoutourliveswithsomemeasureofhappinessandfulfillmentfor
ourselvesandourfamilies.

Andyet,somehow,giventhedizzyingpaceofglobalization,theculturallevelingofmodernity,
itperhapscomesasnosurprisethatpeoplefearthelossofwhattheycherishintheir
particularidentitiestheirrace,theirtribe,andperhapsmostpowerfullytheirreligion.In
someplaces,thisfearhasledtoconflict.Attimes,itevenfeelslikewe'removingbackwards.
WeseeitintheMiddleEast,astheconflictbetweenArabsandJewsseemstoharden.Wesee
itinnationsthataretornasunderbytriballines.

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Andmostdangerously,weseeitinthewaythatreligionisusedtojustifythemurderof
innocentsbythosewhohavedistortedanddefiledthegreatreligionofIslam,andwho
attackedmycountryfromAfghanistan.Theseextremistsarenotthefirsttokillinthenameof
God.ThecrueltiesoftheCrusadesareamplyrecorded.ButtheyremindusthatnoHolyWar
caneverbeajustwar.Forifyoutrulybelievethatyouarecarryingoutdivinewill,thenthere
isnoneedforrestraintnoneedtosparethepregnantmother,orthemedic,ortheRed
Crossworker,orevenapersonofonesownfaith.

Suchawarpedviewofreligionisnotjustincompatiblewiththeconceptofpeace,butI
believeit'sincompatiblewiththeverypurposeoffaith:Fortheonerulethatliesattheheart
ofeverymajorreligionisthatwedountoothersaswewouldhavethemdountous.Adhering
tothislawoflovehasalwaysbeenthecorestruggleofhumannature.Forwearefallible.We
makemistakes,andfallvictimtothetemptationsofpride,andpower,andsometimesevil.
Eventhoseofuswiththebestofintentionswillattimesfailtorightthewrongsbeforeus.

Butwedonothavetothinkthathumannatureisperfectforustostillbelievethatthehuman
conditioncanbeperfected.Wedonothavetoliveinanidealizedworldtostillreachforthose
idealsthatwillmakeitabetterplace.ThenonviolencepracticedbymenlikeGandhiandKing
maynothavebeenpracticalorpossibleineverycircumstance,butthelovethatthey
preachedtheirfundamentalfaithinhumanprogressthatmustalwaysbetheNorthStar
thatguidesusonourjourney.

Forifwelosethatfaithifwedismissitassillyornaveifwedivorceitfromthedecisions
thatwemakeonissuesofwarandpeacethenwelosewhat'sbestabouthumanity.We
loseoursenseofpossibility.Weloseourmoralcompass.

Likegenerationshavebeforeus,wemustrejectthatfuture.AsDr.Kingsaidatthisoccasion
somanyyearsago,"Irefusetoacceptdespairasthefinalresponsetotheambiguitiesof
history.Irefusetoaccepttheideathatthe'isness'ofman'spresentconditionmakeshim
morallyincapableofreachingupfortheeternal'oughtness'thatforeverconfrontshim."Letus
reachfortheworldthatoughttobethatsparkofthedivinethatstillstirswithineachofour
souls.

Somewheretoday,inthehereandnow,intheworldasitis,asoldierseeshe'soutgunned,
butstandsfirmtokeepthepeace.Somewheretoday,inthisworld,ayoungprotestorawaits
thebrutalityofhergovernment,buthasthecouragetomarchon.Somewheretoday,a
motherfacingpunishingpovertystilltakesthetimetoteachherchild,scrapestogetherwhat
fewcoinsshehastosendthatchildtoschoolbecauseshebelievesthatacruelworldstill
hasaplaceforthatchild'sdreams.

Letuslivebytheirexample.Wecanacknowledgethatoppressionwillalwaysbewithus,and
stillstriveforjustice.Wecanadmittheintractabilityofdepravation,andstillstrivefor
dignity.Cleareyed,wecanunderstandthattherewillbewar,andstillstriveforpeace.We
candothatforthatisthestoryofhumanprogressthat'sthehopeofalltheworldandat
thismomentofchallenge,thatmustbeourworkhereonEarth.Thankyouverymuch.

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