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    9f43fb6a66a9099e29b413459b38 PDF

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    Sandra Smim

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 26
    ALL-WEATHER GEOLOGICAL FIELD BOOK Numbered Pages Name Address Phone Project Rite in the Rain — A patented, environmentally responsible, all-weather writing paper that sheds water and enables you to write anywhere, in any weather. Usinga pencil or all-weather pen, Rite in the Rain ensures that your notes survive the rigors of the field, regardless of the conditions. Specifications for this book: Page Pattern Cover Options Left Page Right Page Polydura Cover Fabrikoid Cover Columnar | 1/10" Grid | NA | Item No. 540F ©1996 - 2012, All Rights Reserved RiteintheRain.com Made inthe USA US Pat No. 8,863,940 CONTENTS PAGE REFERENCE DATE 138 139 140 tat 142 143 144 145, 46 147 148 4g 150 151 152 183 64 155 156 Reference Page Index Abbreviations of Geologic Terms Abbreviations of Geologic Terms Classification and Characteristics of Igneous Rocks Sandstone Composition Classification Measurement Conversions Grain-Size Scales Graph for Determining the Size of Sedimentary Particles Graph for Determining the Size of Sedimentary Particles ‘Comparison Chart for Estimating Percentage Composition ‘Comparison Chart for Estimating Percentage Composi Soil Classification Soil Classification Metamorphic Rocks Geological Map Symbols Geological Map Symbols Geological Map Symbols Geological Map Symbols Geological Map Symbols Depositional Texture 2 Location Cate Project / Client Location. Date Project / Client Scale @)e The manufacturers of “Rite in the Rain” all-weather writing products are grateful to the numerous geological experts who have contributed to the development of this book. Should you have an additions, improvements or corrections for future publications of this field book or have suggestions for other geological filed book formats, we welcome your input. Although much effort has been taken to insure the accuracy of the following reference pages, the J. L. Darling corporation can not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. To provide input or request pricing on these or custom printed field books, contact your “Rite in the rain” dealer or J. L. Darling Corporation, 253-922-5000 or visit us online at www. RiteintheRain.com tion of Geologic Terms abundant abnt chlorite Chi acicular acic claystone Cist actinolite Act cleavage civ aggregate Aggr clinopyroxene Cpx albite Ab cobble Cbl amorphous amor conglomerate Cal amount Amt contact Cte amphibole Amph cordierite Cord amphibolite Ampht corundum Cor andalusite Andal cross-bedding xbdd angle ZL cross-bedding Xbdg angular ang cross-laminated xlam andesite And cross section X sect anhedral anhed crystal XI anhydrite Anhy crystalline xin approximate approx diameter Diam arenaceous aren different iff argillaceous arg diopside Diop argillite Arg disseminated dissem arkosic ark dolomite Dol arsenopyrite Ars dolomitic dol asphaltic asph elevation Elev average Ave equivalent equiv bedded bdd evaporite Evap bedding Bdng exposure Exp bentonite Bent teldspatic feld biotite Bio. foliated fol bituminous bit foliation Fol boulder Bldr foraminifer Foram brachiopod Brach formation Fm breccia Bx fragmental frag calcareous cale glauconite Glauct carbonaceous carb granite ar cavernous cav granodiorite Grd cement cmt granular gran chalcedony Chal graptolite Grap chalcopyrite Cp graywacke Gwke greenstone gypsiferous hematitic horizontal hornblende hornfels hypidiomorphic igneous ignimbrite limenite inclusion interbedded intrusion irregular joint kaolinite K-feldspar laminated limestone limonite lithologic magnetite maximum member metamorphic microline montmorillonite mudsstone muscovite nepheline nodular olivine orthopyroxene orthoclase outcrop pebble. pegmatite peridotite permeability phenocryst phlogopite phosphatic plagioclase Abbreviation of Geologic Terms Grnst gyp hem horiz HbI Hils hypid ign Ign lim Incl intbdd Intr reg Jnt Kaol Kspar lam Ls Lim {ith Mag Max Mbr met Micr Mont Muse Neph nod ol Opx Orth Otep Pbl Perid Perm Pheno. Phiog phos Plag point porphyritic probable pyritic pyroxene pyroxenite pyrrhotite quartz quartzite radiolarian reconnaissance regular rhyolite rocks rounded sandstone saturated secondary sediment sedimentary “serpentine siliceous siltstone ‘soluble sphalerite station ‘staurolite structure stratigraphic ‘surficial tabular temperature topographic tourmaline tremolite unconformity variegated vegetation vertebrate volcanic volume wollastonite xenolith 139 porph prob Pxt Pyrr Qz zt Rad Recon reg Rhy madd Ss sat sec Sed sed Spt sil Slist sol Sphal Sta Staur Struc strat surf tab topo Tourm Tem Unet vrig Vrtb vole Vol Woll Xen 140 Classification and Characteristics of Igneous Rocks: Q Not Igneous Quartz Alkali a ; Feldspar quartz Quartz Quartz syenite ‘Syenite eserta Menzoriles Monzodiorte \\ Diorite A Foi | cm | Foid-Bearing _ a / Foid-Bearing ‘Syenite _ a / | cm | Alkali Feldspar Monzodior Syenite Foid Monzosyenite Foid Monzodiorite Foidolite F JUGS classification of plutonic and of volcanic rocks in the double tangle Q-A-P-F, according to their actual mineral content, (Alter Streckeisen, 1973, 1976, 1979). 141 2 ‘ . 2 2 Ee © oF 5 ee s x gs 6% oe © Si £s «& a= 2 32 Ssuy = Or 5 5 g § is = 5 8 = a = § ¢ 8 a s§ ? 2 g «G6 o & ac 3 ON c gc 5 3 3 5 a) Subfeldsarenite io-clase feldsarenite K-feldspar Pla K-feldsarenite 50% Ab’ Folk, R.L, Andres, and D.W. Lewis, 1970. Detrital sedimentary rock classification and nomenclature for use in New Zealand: NewZealand Journal of Geology and Gephysics, v.13, Fig 8, p.955 , and Fig 9, p.959, British Crown copyright. MEASUREMENT CONVERSIONS U.S. to METRIC inch x 2.54 = centimeter foot x 0.3048 = meter yards x 0.914 = meter mile x 1.609 = kilometer quart x 0.946 = liter gallon x 3.785 = liter ounce x 28.349 = grams Ibs x 0.454 = kg mpg x 0.245 = km/Itr mph x 1.609 = km/hr “Fito. °C (F'= 32)'%.558 METRIC to U.S. centimeter x 0.394 = inch meter x 3.28 = foot meter x 1.094 = yards kilometer x 0.621 = mile liter x 1.057 = quarts liter x 0.264 = gallon grams x 0.035 = ounce kg x 2.205 = Ibs km/Itr x 2.354 = mpg km/hr x 0.621 = mph °C to °F (CX 1.8) + 32 ENGLISH LINEAR MEASUREMENTS 12 inches = 1foot 36 inches = 1yard 3 feet = 1yard 1,760 yards = 1mile statute 2,026.8 yards = 1mile nautical 5,280 feet = 1 mile statute 6,060.4 feet = 1 mile nautical 63,360 inches = 1mile statute 72,963 inches = 1 mile nautical MAP SCALES—ENGLISH & METRIC 12,700 meters SCALE 1INCH = 1 CENTIMETER = 190,000 254 raters igo meters 125,000 55 meters 250 meters 150,000 Varo meters «SOO meters 1.63,360 fees ies es6 rosters a ee 1:250,000 pees orn ote 500,000 41,667 feet 16.404 feet 5,000 meters mm 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 32 12 1/4 118 “1/6- 182 1/64 128 1/256 1/512 1/1024, 1/2048 1/4096 - 161.3 80.6 40.3 20.2 10.1 5.0 2.52 1.26 0.63 0.32 0.16 0.08 0.04 Grain-size Scales inches phi mm 4120 ---- Woo---H 40 ---- 0 -H-e +1 0.500 +2 0.250 +3 0.125 -+4- 0,062- +5 0.031 +6 (0.016 +7 0.008 +8 0,004 +9 0.002 +10 0.001 +11 0.0005 -+12 - 0.00025- By Roy L. Ingram, University of North Carolina, Modified Wentworth scale, \V28, p. 936-938. copyrighted by The American Geophysical Union. large —--- Boulders medium medium = Sand SAND very fine coarse 143 US. Standard GRADE NAME. Sieve Series very fine 144 Graph for Determining the Size of Sedimentary Particles G. V. Chilingar - AAPG Bulletin DARK PARTICLES Place sand grains or rock particles in the central part of the circle. Compare the size of the Particles with those on the graph with the aid of a magnifying glass. Record the corresponding number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) In notebook. For samples with particles of varying sizes, record the most common size first 144 Graph for Determining the Size of Sedimentary Particles G.V.Chilingar - AAPG Bulletin DARK PARTICLES Place sand grains or rock particles in the central part of the circle, Compare the size of the particles with those on the graph with the aid of a magnifying glass. Record the corresponding number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) in notebook. For samples with particles of varying sizes, record the most common size first. 146 Comparision Chart for Estimating Percentage Composition Reprinted from Journal of Sedimentary Petography V. 25, N. 2, p. 229-284. Sept. 1955 1% 2% 3% 5% T% 10% 147 Comparision Chart for Estimating Percentage Composition 148 Soil Classification Gw) Welroraded gravels, gravel sand Clean gravels mixtures, litte or no fines. Gravel (Little or no fines) Gp | Poorty-graded gravels, gravel sand More than half of coarse iures, Ite oF no fines. rection Is larger than” | Gaveis with fines | pq| Silty gravels, gravel-sand-sit No. 4 sieve size Mnbcae (Appreciable Gc | Cavey grvels, gravelsand-clay amount of fines) incline No. 200 sieve sw| Wellaraded sands, gravelly sands, sarias Clean sands little or no fines. {Litie orno fines) | gp | Poorly- graded sands, gravelly More than half of coarse inne erin freee traction is smaller than Coarse-grained Soils More than haif of material is larger than No. 4 sieve size Sands with fines | G14 sity sands, sand-silt mixtures. (Appreciable amount of fines) | SC | Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures. Inorganic silts and very fine sands, ML| f2ck flour, sity or clayey fine sands, of clayey sits with slight 5s plasticity. = Misael Inorganic clays of low to medium s Liquic limit CL | plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy é less than 50 clays, silty clays, lean clays. 2 G22 OL | Organi sits and organic sity clays Bee of low plasticity. £38 gee Inorganic sitts, micaceous or aos MH] diatomaceous fine sandy or silty is Silts and Clays soils, elastic silts. 8 Inorganic clays of hi s Liquid limit CH plastcty, fat clays. ish g greater than 50 2 OH | Organic clays of medium to high plasticity, organic sits. Highly Organic Pt 149 Soil Clas: Millimeters Sieve Sizes Boulders >300 i Cobbles 75-300 = Coarse Gravel 75-19 : Fine Gravel 19-4.8 3/4"- No.4 Coarse Sand 4.8-2.0 No. 4- No. 10 Medium Sand 2.0-.43 No. 10- No. 40 Fine Sand -43 - .08 No. 40 - No. 200 Fine Silt & Clay <.08 >No. 200 Clay Undrained Unconfined Clay Thumb SPT,N shear strengthe | Compressive Consistency Penetration Blows/Ft. (PSF) Strength q Torvane —_|Pocket Penetrometer Penetraied several inches by Very Soft | Escapes between <2 250 500 thumb and fingers| when | squeezed Penetrated one inch by thumb. . . - Soft Molded by light 2-4 250 - 500 500 - 1000 finger pressure. Penetrated over ve sane i Jer a - = Medium Soft ton Molded by 4-8 500 - 1000 1000 - 2000 strong finger re. Indented 1/4” Stiff te ome 8-15 1000-2000 | 2000-4000 with great effort. i Readily indented _ Very Stiff by thumbnall 15-30 2000 - 4000. 4000 - 8000 Indented only with Hard difficulty, by >30 >4000 >8000 thumbnail, SPTN Relative Soil Type Blows/Ft. | Density% Field Test Very Loose Sand 4 0-15 Faaly Cone a " Loose Sand 4-10 15-35 | ae Med. Dense Sand 10-30 | 35-65 | peranesnwine si harnmer Dense Sand 30-50 | 65-85 | jasnenmns si nanmer Very Dense Sand 50 85-100 | tosvanven wins 5 lv harer 151 Geological Map Symbols. Surface Openings ORE BODIES AND OFLA HOLES =a Ot Vela. showing dip Atbaredl wall reek, showing intensity of alteration —_— = ‘Stringers or veiniets ‘of mineralization O° Wectical drill hele eee EE ‘Vein of high-grade memereksed rock i inelined drill Peds. showing bearing, inclination, and position af boom of hots Vein of low-grade mineralized rock LARGE-SCALE MAPS YL Bh ake treclirececd sree Portal aed open cut Trench ‘Small prospeot pit of open out oa ng wiiltege wie = ae Large open pit, quanry, Dump er glory hole ‘SMALL-SCALE MAPS 5 “a ‘Vertical shatt heelined shaft Portal of tunnel or adit < x = ‘Trench i roapest Mine. query, glory Mote, " or lege open pit om Band, gravel, o# clay pit 152 Geologic Map Symbols FOLIATION AND CLEAVAGE* a, ~ uw Strlke and dip of foliation strike and dip of cleavage _Strike of vertical foliation | sy 7 Hp Strike of vertical cleavage Horizontal foliation Horizontal cleavage weirs i KK A BE PE Alternative symbols for other planar elements JOINTS ow ® - Strike and dip of joint Strike of vertical joint Horizontal joint 40 75 7 Strikes and dips of multiple systems BEDDING +. By 8 ~ Strike and dip of beds Horizontal beds Approximate strike and dip fr — Po BN Reo Strike of vertical beds trike and dip of beds where Strike and dip of top of beds can be overtumed beds distinguished; used only in areas of complex overturned folding ety Ae —_> os Generalized strike and dip of strike and dip of beds and Apparent ip crumpled, plicated, crenulated, —_ plunge of slickensides or undulating beds “The map explanation should always specify the kind of cleavage mapped 153 Geolographic Map Symbols CONTACTS —_-_ Contact Concealed contact LINEATIONS oil Bearing and plunge of lineations =) Double lineation ho Strike and dip of beds showing horizontal lineation Vertical foliation, showing plunge of lineation f= 15 Strike and dip of beds, showing rake of lineation _-—- Approximate contact —L— Contact, showing dip + Vertical lineation fs 4 10 Strike and dip of beds and plunge of lineation oh Strike and dip of foliation showing horizontal lineation x Inferred contact —_ Vertical contact a “ Horizontal lineation 25 a eo, ‘Strike and dip of foliation and plunge of lineation 40, # 90 Vertical beds, showing plunge of lineation “A Vertical beds, showing Vertical foliation, showing horizontal lineation 25 60% horizontal lineation ‘40 Strike and dip of foliation Generalized strike of folded showing rake of lineation beds or foliation, showing plunge of fold exes FOLDS Anticline, showing ccrestline and plunge #25 —- ‘Syncline, showing crestine ‘and plunge ae . ‘Overtumed anticline, showing trace of axial suface, dip of limbs and plunge A Overturned syncline, show. ing trace of axial surface and dip of limbs 40 Minor anticline, showing plunge es Minor syncline, showing plunge 154 Geologic Map Symbols FOLDS (continued) Aaq- A Approninate anew Inderred ance AT A ge Doubts aves, doted Herleontel told axee where concesies Fos with inctned asial plane, showing sip onal bearing of plane and plunge ef axis Normal fiat, hachurea on igh faut, — ie movement -U jep} and ovement B — Ed oo —— Fhrust o: erangie reverse: ‘Thrust or reverse taut, Morral fault, showing fouine: 7, upper plate Barba snide ct upper plate = Beating and pings of relabve movemerdt ot Sownthrown Bleck (D) —_ =—_— —ts Fault, showing bearing ang. ‘Linearnent Fereerse fault, showing plunge cl grooves, ashy ead phngy of . dowrtheoen Bleck (0) z ae oun 155 Geologic Map Symbols OIL AND GAS WELLS e ° Oilwell Well location ‘Abandoned oil well il well, with show of gas Dry hole Abandoned oil well, with ‘show of gas il and gas well Dryhole,with show of oil Abandoned cil and gas well Gas well, with show of oil Dry hole, with show of oil ‘Abandoned gas well, with and gas showot oil Gas well Dry hole, with show of gas Abandoned gas well ‘Shut in well CROSS SECTIONS High angle faults t AY i s ‘normal fault vertical fault reverse fault Low angle faults \ = \ overthrust underthrust oe Fault, showing relative Klippe Fenster or window lateral movement 156 (a) Depositional texture recognizable Not recognizable Lacks mud Original and is components Contains mud_ grain supported — bound together ——Mud-supporterd__Grain-supported wa. <10% grains >10% grains (b) CRYSTALINE MUDSTONE __WACKSTONE _PACKSTONE _GRAINSTONE_BOUNDSTONE CARBONATE Dominanth ; Thoroughly recrystallized rocks calcite | Dominanity th Some lt etturos Predominantly calote | (952%>Co>50%) | _ dolomite Dominant Dominant (c>.6%_[wandotomte”|_©0>50%) Li Dolomitic Mudstone lime Dolomudstone mudstone Dolomi Wackestone | wackestone |Dolowackestone| Crystalline limestone Increasing gravel content ——— % Gravel (2mm) in whole rock, as determined in outcrop Trace (<0.01%) <1 15 5:80 80-95 95-100 Mud Mudstone with Muddy

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