100 Elementarnih zadataka

**** MLADEN SRAGA ****

POTPUNO RIJEENI ZADACI

PRIRUNIK ZA SAMOSTALNO UENJE

100 ELEMENTARNIH ZADATAKA

koje bi svatko trebao znati rijeiti

ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI POTENCIJE

ba + bg = ba + bg ba + bg = a + 2ab + b
2 2 2
a n a m = a n+ m

ba + bg = b b + a g
2 2 a n : a m = a n m

ba bg = ba bg ba bg = a 2ab + b
2 2 2 an
am
= a n : a m = a n m
ba bg = b b a g
2 2
ba b c g = a b c
n n n n

b a b g = ba + b g
2 2

da i = a
n m n m

ba b g ba + b g = a b 2 2

FG a IJ = a
n n

ba + bg = a + 3a b + 3ab + b
3 3 2 2 3
H bK b n

ba bg = a 3a b + 3ab b
3 3 2 2 3
FG a IJ = FG b IJ = b
n n n

a b = ba b g da + ab + b i
3 3 2 2 H bK H a K a n

a + b = b a + b g d a ab + b i
3 3 2 2 a0 = 1
a1 = a
ba + b + c g = a + b + c + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
2 2 2 2
1
a 1 =
x + px + q = S
2 Rm + n = pUV = a x + mf a x + nf a
Tm n = q W an = n
1
2 RSm + n = b UV 2
a
ax + bx + c =
Tm n = a cW = ax + mx + nx + c = . . .

TEL. 01-4578-431

M.I.M.-SRAGA 1999./2004.

1
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

Autor:
MLADEN SRAGA

Grafika obrada
MLADEN SRAGA

Procijena i ocijena znanja

ako se spremate :
Za prijemne na sve Za prijemne na sve
EKONOMSKE fakultete TEHNIKE fakultete
0 50 = 0 0 50 = 0

51 75 = 1 51 81 = 1
76 85 = 2 82 86 = 2
86 91 = 3 87 90 = 3
92 95 = 4 91 94 = 4
96 100 = 5 95 100 = 5

Moj komentar:
ako ste dobili ocjenu 0 - hitno traite instruktora
ako ste dobili ocjenu 1 - trebali bi ozbiljno poeti vjebati
ako ste dobili ocjenu 2 - Vi znate neto ali ima tu puno rupa
ako ste dobili ocjenu 3 - dobro moete krenut na pripreme
ako ste dobili ocjenu 4 - vi ste spremni za zadatke sa prijemnih
ako ste dobili ocjenu 5 - odlino- vama zadaci s prijemnog
nebi trebali predstavljat problem

Prvo rijeite zadatke pa tek onda gledajte u rjeenja jer su tamo kompletno rijeeni....

Potpunu garanciju na zadatke i rjeenja daje: centar za dopisnu poduku M.I.M.-SRAGA -dakle sve to vam se
ini nejasno krivo ili sumnjivo - zovite 01-4578-431 ili 01-4579-130 i traite dodatne upute i objanjenja ...

Zadatci su u potpunosti na autorski rad , ako se neki zadatak ve pojavio u nekoj drugoj zbirci ...nije namjerno ponovljen s nae strane.

Centar za poduku M.I.M.-Sraga zadrava sva prava na komercijalno iskoritavanje ovih zadataka.

Svako kopiranje umnaanje za vlastite potrebe i potrebe poduke i nastave je dozvoljeno i dobrodolo.

Cijena ovih zadataka je 0 kn tj. besplatni su ...i tako treba i ostati...

Sve kritike i dobre i loe rado emo sasluati ...

javite nam se na tel. 01-4578-431 ili e-mailom : mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr

2
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

STO ELEMENTARNIH ZADATAKA

KOJE BI SVI TREBALI ZNATI RIJEITI

Koristei ove formule trebali bi rijeiti zadane zadatke:

1) x 2 x3 =
POTENCIJE
2) x2 x4 x6 =
n+ m
a an m
= a 2 5

a :an m
= a nm 3) x 3 x2 x 2 =
an 4) x4 : x2 =
m
= a n : a m = a nm
a 5) x7 : x 2 : x3 =
( abc )
n
= a n bn c n
6) x 7 x8 : x 9 =
(a )
m
n
= an m x8
7) =
((a ) ) x3
m z
n
= an m z
(x )
3

n
8) 2
=
a an

n
b

= n
b
n
9) (( ) ) =
x3
4 5

a b bn
b

= = n
a a 10 ) (( x ) ) ( x ) =
2
6 2
2
5

a = 1
0

a = a
1 11) (( x ) ) : ( x ) =
2
5 3
4
5

1
( 2ab )
3
a 1 = 12 ) 2
=
a
4
1 2 2 3
an = n
a 13) x y =
1
3
3
an = n
a 2 2 3
( )
2
1
14 ) a b : 2ab
2
=
1 1 3
a n
= 1
= n 1
a x
a n
15) =

y
m

a n
= n
am
2 3
m
1 1 x y
=

a n
= = 16 )
m n
am y x
a n

3 2 2
a2 y y2
17 ) 3 3 : 4 =
y a a
1 2 3
2 1 1
18) + =
3 3 2
1
1
19 ) 27 x y 2
0 0 0 1
=
3
1 1
1 1
20 ) y 0 21 23 =
2 5
3
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

1
21) x2 =
POTENCIJE

a n a m = a n+ m
1

a n : a m = a nm
22 ) x 2
=
an
= a n : a m = a nm 2
am
23) x3 =
( abc )
n
= a n bn c n

(a )
m
n
= an m
3
24 ) x 4
=
((a ) ) m z
nmz
n
= a
n 1
a an 25) 36 2 =
b = n
b
n n
a b bn 1
b = = n
a a 26 ) 16 4 =
a = 1
0

1
a1 = a
25 2
1 27 ) =
a 1 = 49
a
1
an = n 1
a
16 4
1 28) =
an = n
a 81
1
1 1
a n
= 1
= 1
n
a
a n 64 2
29 ) =
m
49
a n
= n
am
m
1 1
a n
= =
3
m n
am 9 2
a n 30 ) =
16

KORIJENI 31) 10 10 =
n
an b = n ab
a 32 ) 3
3 3 9 =
n
an b = n
b

33) 4
24 8 =

34 ) 5
x 2 5 x3 =

35) 6
x5 : 6 x 2 =

4
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

Koristei formule koje smo upravo obradili i ove nove koje vam dajem ovdje rijeite sljedee zadatke:

( x + 3)
2
36 ) = ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI

(a + b) = ( a + b ) ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2
( 2x + 3y )
2
37 ) =
(a + b) = (b + a )
2 2

( 3x 4 y ) ( a b ) = ( a b ) ( a b ) = a 2 2ab + b 2
2 2
38 ) =
(a b) = (b a )
2 2

2
1 2 3 ( a b ) = ( a + b )
2 2
39 ) x+ y =
2 3 ( a b ) ( a + b ) = a 2 b2
( a + b ) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3ab2 + b3
3

2
2 3 3 4 ( a b ) = a 3 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 b 3
3

40 ) x y =
3 4 a 3 b 3 = ( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 )
a 3 + b 3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 ab + b 2 )
(5x 6 y )
2
41) =
(a + b + c)
2
= a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc

( 2a 3 y )
2
42 ) =

43) ( 2 x 5) ( 2 x + 5) =

2 2 4 3 2 2 4 3
44 ) x y x + y =
3 5 3 5

45) ( 3x 2
)( )
y 3 z 4 4a 5 b 6 3 x 2 y 3 z 4 4 a 5 b 6 =

( x + 3)
3
46 ) =

( x + 2) ( x + 2) =
2
47 )

( 2 y 3z )
3
48) =

3
1 1
49 ) + x =
2 3

3
2 2 3 3
50 ) x y =
3 2

( 3x )
3
51) 2
y3 2 z 4 =

( x + y) ( x y) =
3 3
52 )
5
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

Primjer:
27 x 3 8 y 6 = ?
rjeenje:

( ) = ( 3x ) ( 2 y ) = ( 3x 2 y ) ( ( 3x )
27 x 3 8 y 6 = 33 x 3 23 y 2
3 3 2
3
2 2
(
+ 3x 2 y 2 + 2 y 2 )
2
)=

Prepoznaj: a 3 b3 = ( a b ) a 2 + a b + b 2 ( )

( )
3
a3 = ( 3x )
3
b3 = 2 y 2
a = 3x b = 2 y2

( )(
= 3x 2 y 2 9 x 2 + 6 xy 2 + 4 y 4 )

Koristi gornji primjer i ove formule rijei sljedee zadatke:

ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI

(
a 3 b 3 = ( a b ) a 2 + ab + b 2 )
a 3 + b3 = (a + b) (a 2
ab + b 2 )
Rastavi na faktore:

53 ) x3 8 =

54 ) 8 y 3 27 =

55 ) x 6 + 125 =

56 ) x6 y 6 =

1 3
57 ) y +1 =
27

58 ) 64 x 9 y 6 + 125 z 3 =
6
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

(a + b + c)
2
Koristei se formulom = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
rijei sljedee zadatke:

( x + 2 y + 3)
2
59 ) =

( 2x + 3y + 4z )
2
60 ) =

( 3 x + y 3)
2
61) =

Koristei se formulom: a 2 b2 = ( a b ) ( a + b )
rastavi na faktore:

62 ) x 2 16 =

63 ) 4 y 2 36 x 2 =

1 4 25 6
64 ) x y =
4 49

65 ) x4 y4 =

66 ) 4 x2 y 4 z8 =

( x + y) ( x 2y)
2 2
67 ) =

68 ) ( )
36 x + y 2 16 ( x y ) =
2

7
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

a 2 + 2ab + b2 = ( a + b ) a 2 2ab + b2 = ( a b )
2 2
Koristei se formulama:

slijedee zadatke zapii u obliku kvadrata binoma:

69 ) 9x2 + 6 y + y2 =

70) 4 x 2 20 xy + 25 y 2 =

71) 9 x 6 12 x 3 y 4 + 4 y 8 =

72 ) x4 + y6 + 2x2 y3 =

73 ) x 2 + 2 xy 4 y 8 =

1 2
74 ) a 3ab 2 + 9b 4 =
4

Kvadratni trinom
m + n = p
x + px + q = = ( x + m) ( x + n)
2

m n = q
m + n = b
= ax + mx + nx + c = ...
2 2
ax + bx + c =
m n = a c

Koristei se gornjim formulama rastavi na faktore slijedee kvadratne trinome:

75) x 2 + 2 x 15 =

76 ) 3x 2 + x 2 =

77 ) x 2 x 12 =

8
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

Skrati razlomke koristei sve to smo izvjebali do sada:

4x 6 y
78 ) =
6x 9 y

x2 y2
79 ) =
x 2 + 2 xy + y 2

a 4 b4
80 ) =
a 2 2ab + b 2

( x y)
2

81) =
y2 x2

Pogledaj u formule za ove brojnike u 81) i 82)

( y + x)
2

82 ) =
x4 y 4

x3 y 3
83 ) =
3x 2 3 y 2

x3 + y 3
84 ) =
( x + y)
3

3 x 2 + 18 x + 27
85 ) =
2 x 2 18

2 x 2 xy + 3 y 2
86 ) =
3 x 2 + 6 xy + 3 y 2

9
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

x+3 x2 x
87 ) + =
2 3 4

1 2
87 ) =
x+2 x2

2 3 3x 2
88 ) + 2 =
x 1 x +1 x 1

1 1
89 ) =
y 3 ( y 3)2

1 y2
90 ) =
x2 + y 2 x4 y 4

y y
91) =
x y ( y x)
2 2 2

Izraunaj:

x 2 y 2 4 x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2
92 ) =
x3 y 3 ( y + x)
2

x 4 y 4 x6 + 2 x3 y 3 + y 6
93 ) =
x3 + y 3 x4 + x2 y 2

1 2 x4 1
94 ) + 2 =
x + 1 x 1 9x 1

10
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

3x 2 y + 18 xy + 27 y x2 9
95 ) : =
6 x 2 y 24 y x2 + 4x + 4

( x + y ) y 2 yx + 2 y 2
2

96 ) : =
( x y ) z 2 xz yz z
2 2

1 1 3x 2 x3 + 2 x 2 + x
97 ) + =
x 1 x + 1 x 1 6x 9x
2 2

1
1+
y 1
98 ) =
1
1
y +1

1+ x
1
99 ) 1 2x =
1+ x
1+
1 2x

x y x+ y

x+ y x y
100 ) =
4 x 2 y 3 4 xy
xy x + y 2 y

11
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

Kompletna rjeenja s postupkom

1) x 2 x3 = x 2+ 3 = x5
2) x 2 x 4 x 6 = x 2+ 4+ 6 = x12
2 5 2 5 2 2 + 2 6 + 5 3 31
+ 2+
3 2
3) x 3 x2 x 2 = x 3 2
=x = x6
4) x 4 : x 2 = x 4 2 = x 2
5) x 7 : x 2 : x 3 = x 7 2 3 = x 2
6) x 7 x8 : x 9 = x 7 +89 = x 6
x8
7) 3
= x 8 : x 3 = x 83 = x 5
x
(x )
3
8) 2
= x 2 3 = x 6

9) (( x ) ) 3
4 5
= x3 45 = x 60

10 ) (( x ) ) ( x )
2
6 2
2
5
= x 26 2 x 25 = x 24 x10 = x 24+10 = x 34

11) (( x ) ) : ( x )
2
5 3
4
5
= x 253 : x 45 = x 30 : x 20 = x30 20 = x10

( 2ab ) ( )
3 3
12 ) 2
= 23 a 3 b 2 = 8 a 3 b 23 = 8a 3b 6
4
2 2 3 24 16 8 12
( ) ( )
4 4
13) x y = 4
x2 y3 = x y
3 3 81

( ( ))
3
2 2 3 23 8 6 9
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3 2
14 ) a b : 2 ab 2
= 3
a 2 b3 : 22 a 2 b 2 = a b : 4 a 2 b4 =
3 3 27
8 a 6 b9 1 4 2 a 2 a 4 b 4 b5 1 2 a 4 b5
= = =
27 4 a 2 b4 27 4 a 2 b4 27
1
x y
15) =
y x
2 3 2
x y y y
3
y 2 y3 y 2+3 y5
16 )
=
3 = = =
y x x x x 2 x3 x 2+ 3 x5

( ) y :( y )
3 3 2
2 2 2 a2 2
a2 y y
2
a 6 y 2 y 4 a 6 y 2 a8
17 ) 3 3 : 4 = = : = 9 6 4 =
( ) (a ) (a )
3 2 2
y a a y3 3 4 y 9 a 6 a8 y a y

y 2 a8 a8 a8
= 9 2 2 = 9+ 2 = 11
y y y y y
1 2 3 2 3
2 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 3+ 2 5
18) + = + = + 9 8 = +1 = =
3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

1
1 3
19 ) 27 x y 2
0 0 0 1
= 111 2 = 23 = 6
3 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 5
20 ) y 2 23 = 1 3 =
0 1
=
2 5 2 2 1 2 2 2 8 32
12
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

1
21 ) x2 = x
1
1 1
22 ) x 2
= 1
=
x
x 2

2 1 1

( )
2
23 ) x =x3 3
= x2 3 = 3
x2

3
1 1 1
24 ) x 4
= 3
= 1
=
(x ) x3
4
3 4
x 4

1
25 ) 36 2 = 36 = 62 = 6

1
26 ) 16 4 = 4 16 = 4
24 = 2

1
25 2 25 25 5
27 ) = = =
49 49 49 7

1
4
16 4 4 16 24 2 2
28 ) = = 4
4
= 4 =
81 81 3 3 3

1 1

64 2 49 2 49 49 7
29 ) = = = =
49 64 64 64 8

3 3 3 3 3
9

2 16 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 3 43 64
2
2 2
30 ) = = 2 = = = = 3 =
16 9 3 3 3 3 3 27

31 ) 10 10 = 10 10 = 102 = 10

32 ) 3
3 3 9 = 3 39 = 3
27 = 3 33 = 3

33 ) 4
24 8 = 4 2 8 = 4 16 = 4
24 = 2

34 ) 5
x 2 5 x3 = 5
x 2 x3 = 5
x5 = x

2 3
35 ) 6
x5 : 6 x = 6
x5 : x 2 = 6
x 5 2 = 6
x3 = x3 = 2
x = x

13
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

( x + 3)
2
36 ) = x + 2 x 3 + 3 = x + 6x + 9
2 2 2

(2x + 3y ) = ( 2 x ) + 2 2 x 3 y + ( 3 y ) = 22 x 2 + 12 xy + 32 y 2 = 4 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2
2 2 2
37 )

( 3x 4 y ) = ( 3 x ) 2 3x 4 y + ( 4 y ) = 32 x 2 24 xy + 42 y 2 = 9 x 2 24 xy + 16 y 2
2 2 2
38)

2 2 2
1 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 3 12 2 2 3 22 3 1 2 2 3 4 6
( )
2
39 ) x + y = x + 2 x y + y = 2 x + xy + 2 y = x + xy + y
2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 9

2 2 2
2 3 3 4 2 3 2 3 3 4 3 4 22 3 2 2 3 3 4 32 3
( ) ( )
2 2
40 ) x y = x 2 x y + y = 2 x x y + 2 x =
3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4
4 6 9
= x x3 y 4 + y8
9 16
1 1 1
(5x 6 y )
2
41) = = =
(5x 6 y ) (5x ) 2 5x 6 y + ( 6 y ) 25 x 60 xy + 36 y 2
2 2 2 2

42 ) ( 2 a 3 y )
2
= ( 1 ( 2a + 3 y ) ) = ( 1) ( 2a + 3 y ) = 1 ( 2a ) + 2 2a 3 y + ( 3 y )
2 2 2
( 2 2
) = 4a 2
+ 12ay + 9 y 2

( 2 x 5) ( 2 x + 5) = ( 2 x )
2
43) 52 = 22 x 2 25 = 4 x 2 25

2 2
2 2 4 3 2 2 4 3 2 2 4 3 22 2 42 3 4 4 16 6
( ) ( )
2 2
44 ) x y x + y = x y = 2 x y = x y
3 5 3 5 3 5 3 52 9 25

( 3x )( ) ( ) ( 4a b ) =
2 2
45) 2
y 3 z 4 4a 5 b 6 3 x 2 y 3 z 4 4 a 5 b 6 = 3 x 2 y 3 z 4 5 6

( x ) ( y ) ( z ) 4 ( a ) (b )
2 2 2 2 2
= 32 2 3 4 2 5 6
= 9 x 4 y 6 z 8 16a10 b12

( x + 3)
3
46 ) = x 3 + 3 x 2 3 + 3 x 32 + 33 = x 3 + 9 x 2 + 3 9 x + 27 = x3 + 9 x 2 + 27 x + 27

( x + 2) ( x + 2) = ( x + 2) ( x + 2) = ( x + 2) = ( x + 2 ) = x3 + 3 x 2 2 + 3 x 22 + 23 = x3 + 6 x 2 + 12 x + 8
2 2 1 2 +1 3
47 )

( 2 y 3z ) = ( 2 y ) 3 ( 2 y ) 3 z + 3 2 y ( 3z ) ( 3 z ) = 23 y 3 9 22 y 2 z + 6 y 32 z 2 33 z 3 =
3 3 2 2 3
48)
= 8 y 3 36 y 2 z + 54 yz 2 27 z 3

3 3 2 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1 1 2 13 3
49 ) + x = + 3 x + 3 x + x = 3 + 3 x + 3 x + 3 x =
2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 9 3
1 1 1 1 3
= + x + x2 + x
8 4 6 27

3 3 2 2 3
2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3
50 ) x y = x 3 x y3 + 3 x2 y3 y3 =
3 2 3 3 2 3 2 2
23 22 2 3 32
33
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 3
= 3 x2 3 2 x2 y3 + 2 x2 2 y3 3 y3 =
3 3 2 2 2
8 6 9 27 9
= x 2 x4 y3 + x2 y 6 y
27 2 8
( 3x ) = ( 3x y ) 3 ( 3x y ) 2 z + 3 3x y ( 2 z ) ( 2 z ) =
3 3 2 2 3
51) 2
y3 2 z 4 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 4

= 3 ( x ) ( y ) 3 2 9 ( x ) ( y ) z + 9 x y 4 ( z ) 2 ( z )
3 3 2 2 2 3
3 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 4
=
= 27 x y 54 x y + 36 x y z 8 z
6 9 4 6 2 3 8 12

52 ) ( x + y)
3
( x y ) = x3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3 x3 3 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 y 3 =
3
( )
= x + 3x y + 3 xy + y x + 3x y 3xy + y = 6 x 2 y + 2 y 3
3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3

14
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

15
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

16
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

17
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

18
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

19
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

20
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
 100 Elementarnih zadataka

Ovo su uglavnom zadaci iz PRVOG razreda gimnazije oni rijetko dolaze u ovom obliku, ve su
sastavni dio teih zadataka ali ako ih ne znate rijeiti neete znati niti rijeiti zadatke kojih su oni
dio

Na prijedlog provjebajte ih koristit e Vam !!!!!!

U zadnjih 10-godina na Eko prijemnom bio je barem po jedan zadatak ovog tipa.

Na TEH-fakultetima ovi zadatci dolaze uvijek u kombinaciji sa jo neim..

Mogue da je jedan zadatak krivo rijeen ako ga pronaete javite nam: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr

Ako ne vidite dobro tekst od 15-20 strane zum namjestite na 150%

21
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004