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Vaastu-Shastra & its Importance in Residential Building
ABSTRACT
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Various divisions of Vaastu-science are described which
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are dear to man. Land, building, eating and living pattern and sleep are the
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four sub divisions of Vaastu-science, of which land is uppermost. Other
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facets are also adorned by Vaastu. The report also dwells upon facets of
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INTRODUCTION
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house, and its edicts are accurate.
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The complete wisdom of Vaastushastra is based on
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scientific facts. It takes in view harmony with nature. It considers Sunrays,
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gravitational force, magnetic power, geographical condition, the five
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elements, and directions besides all other natural phenomena that may have a
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buildings which helps in making a congenial setting or a place to live and
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work in a most scientific way taking advantage of the benefits bestowed by
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nature, its elements and energy fields for enhanced wealth, health, prosperity
and happiness.
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Be it home or office, factory or commercial block,
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universal.
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considered good and is preferred. Sites of approximately rectangular
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shape(i.e. corners making 900 50 )are also favoured.
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flexibility .It has all the four sides equal and all the four angles right. A
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3. Bar-Shaped Plot : The plots with all the four right angles and the length
being more the double the width are known as bar-shaped plots.
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the construction. This side may be used for latrine , external store , water
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tank , etc.
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7. Oblique Plot :
Residing in a plot with an oblique side neither begets
peace of mind nor brings health.
8. Lion face shaped Plots : Such plots are of the shape of the face of a
lion. The width of these plots from the front is more and from the rear
for less.
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9. Cow faced Plot : A plot of the shape of the face of a cow has less width
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from the front and more width from the rear.
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10. Cart shaped Plot : A plot of the shape of a cart has a triangular side on
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11. Bow shaped Plot : A plot of the shape of a bow has a long rear side with
a sinking protuberance from the front.
12. T Shaped Plot : Its front portion is wide and the rear portion narrow.
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Double Chariot Shaped Plot :
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Octagonal Plot :
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Quadrangular Plot :
Elliptical Plot :
Hexagonal Plot :
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Odd shapes of sites like triangle, pentagon, hexagon,
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octagon and circle are not favoured for the simple reason that geometrics of
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building construction favour rectangular rooms with square corners.
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Plots of odd shapes pose problems in construction and
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later in utility as triangular corner cannot accomodate boxes, cots and other
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3. DIRECTIONS
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These are also four:
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(1) Ishan North East.
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(2) Wayava North West.
(3) Agneya South East.
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(4) Nairithya South West.
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FIG. 1
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WEST EAST
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WEST EAST
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The axis about which the earth rotate is not vertical but
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slightly inclined ( at 23 1 0/2 ) to the vertical. Hence the sun rises in the East,
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drifts slightly towards the vertical. Hence the sun rises in the East, drifts
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slightly towards the South before sets in the West (see fig. 4a). Because of
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it, East receives the morning sun. West receives the afternoon sun and South
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receives the sun throughout the day. North is least exposed to the sun
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whereas North-East gets the sun in the forenoon and North-West in the
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left on North and East directions and less on South and West as the rooms on
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North and East may not get enough natural lighting if less open spaces are
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left. Also any extension on North and East directions was favoured and none
on South and West. Even if a site was slightly of irregular shape, it was
accepted when the diagonal towards North-East was longer than the other
towards South-East (see fig. 4b)
Higher walls, elevated roofs or taller trees on North and
East were not favoured. Shielding of North and East was prohibited mainly
because of the same reason.
FIG. 4(b)
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4. PRINCIPLES OF VAASTU
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5. Roominess.
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6. Grouping.
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7. Circulation.
8. Sanitation.
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9. Flexibility.
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10. Elegance.
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11. Economy.
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(1) Aspect :
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of a building will allow the occupants to receive and enjoy natures gifts as
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Reading N NW Light from north being diffused and evenly
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distributed and cool.
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Store NW N NE Dark and cool.
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(2) Prospect :
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portions and at the same time concealing from the view any undesirable
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ones.
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Fig. 5
Seminar 2000-2001
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(3) Privacy :
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(a) Internal privacy :
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Internal privacy is the privacy within the building. It
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can be easily achieved by
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1. Proper grouping of rooms as bed, dressing and toilet, kitchen and dining.
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2. Careful planning of entrance and circulation space.
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Louvers for shutters, ventilators, fanlights and venetians
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provide ventilation and privacy.
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Doors opening into the room offer better privacy than
those opening outside.
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(b) External privacy :
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2. Planting trees along the compound walls which acts as sound barriers and
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(4)Furniture requirement :
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particular room keeping clearance for circulation, dimensions of furniture
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can be finalised. Hence while planning a building, furniture arrangement
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must be shown to justify the size of a room.
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(5) Roominess :
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furnished with all the permanent furniture (as the beds inside a bed room) as
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When the length exceeds 2 times its breadth, it creates a tunnel-like effect
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(6) Grouping :
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through the minimum length. Strangers can be received on the verandah
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itself.
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2. The dining room close to the kitchen permits an easy serving of dishes in
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the desirable state i.e. hot or cold. Further the odours and smoke of
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kitchen are kept off from other rooms, bed and drawing rooms in
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particular.
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3. The bed room, toilet and dressing room may be grouped together for
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better privacy.
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4. The bath room and water closet should be nearer to each other. This
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5. Kitchen should be nearer to the backyard and the doors and windows are
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so located that the housewife can have a free unobstructed sight of the
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(7) Circulation :
Circulation is the access into or out of a room. It is the
internal movement inside a building and the area earmarked for it. It is the
space used for getting comfortable communication from one room to another
or from one floor to another.
Circulation inside a house should be simple, systematic
and short.
The sequential operations like the movements from
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kitchen to dining and bed to toilet control the provisions for circulation.
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Circulation area neither affect the privacy of a room nor
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interfere with the utility space. Circulation in a building is of two types :
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(a) Horizontal circulation.
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(b) Vertical circulation.
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vertical circulation.
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Circulation area 1 1
i.e .---------------- = ---- to ---
utility area 5 4
IDEAL CASE
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Length of Circulation
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increased
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clearly defined
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Fig. 7
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(b)Vertical Circulation :
It is the movement from one floor to another in a
multistoreyed building.
It is possible because of stairs, ramps (sloping slabs),
elevators (lifts) and escalators (mobile stairs).
Stairs are to be well ventilated both day and night. They
should have a free and independent access from all rooms.
(8) Sanitation :
It is the provision and upkeep of the various components
of a house to keep the inmates cheerful and free from disease.
The factors influencing sanitation are
(a) Lighting
(b) Ventilation
(c) Cleanliness
(a) Lighting :
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It can be natural light as that obtained from the sun
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during the day or artificial one as that from a filamentous bulb or fluorescent
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light.
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Morning sun is pleasant and has vitamin D. It is the
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best tonic for rickets. Sun rays even if diffused kill pathogenic bacteria and
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keep the vision clear. Natural light stimulates the blood. This stimulation
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controls tuberculosis.
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(b) Ventilation :
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rich in oxygen and removing of the hot and breathed-out air containing
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carbon dioxide.
It is desirable to provide smaller windows well
separated from each other than a bigger window of the same area on to the
same wall.
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Fig. 8
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(c) Cleanliness :
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Dust harbours bacteria. Besides rendering the surface
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dull, it creates health problems. Hence the floor which receives most of the
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(9) Flexibility :
Flexibility means that a room which is planned for one
function can be used for other, if so required.
If the rooms are big enough (more than 15 sq m ) and
have a minimum width of 3 m, then they are more flexible and even the
activities of various rooms can be exchanged.
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appearance.
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(11) Economy :
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The building should have minimum floor area with
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maximum utility. It will reduce cost and hence will be economical.
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(12) Practical considerations :
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2. In the years to come, a man perhaps has to add a wing or extend some
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part of the house. Provision for this should be made in the planning in
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the first instance so that some part already built may not be required to be
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dismantled in future.
3. As far as possible, sizes of rooms should be kept large. Larger rooms can
be shortened by providing movable partitions, but smaller rooms cannot
be enlarged.
4. Use prefabricated elements for lintels, chajjas, steps etc. This measure is
useful in effecting economy.
5. LAYOUT OF ROOMS :
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of Vaastu; which may bring the house owner to suffer from many troubles.
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Orientation : (Utility and Importance ) :
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Fig. 9
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dining hall was situated away from the kitchen.
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A man spends most of his time in the bed room. It must
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be airy and hygienic. South direction gets the sun throughout the day. A
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brighter bed room imparts good physical and mental health to its inmates.
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South-West direction, i.e. the room adjacent to the bed
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room was allotted as a store room of the agricultural implement and other
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heavy objects.
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South and West were more loaded (see fig. 10). This may be because of
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items. The dining room towards South-West is the next room in the
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clockwise direction which is put to use i.e. for dining, for a limited period
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Fig. 11
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so that the kitchen discharges as canjee were to reach the cattle shed by
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gravity.
Main entrance :
East was preferred the most as the main entrance. North
the next choice and West the third choice. South was avoided. This may be
for the simple reason of providing greater privacy for the bed room situated
towards South.
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not odd. A door should face another door or window of the same width.
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This is for better cross ventilation and also to provide symmetry which is a
must for construction.
Well :
It is to be located towards North-East, North, North-East
or East-North-East directions. This was with the intention that well must be
nearer to the wash place (bath). Also water drawn from well could easily
flow by gravity to the open space in North and East directions, i.e. away
from the house posing no problem of drainage.
Colours :
Black colour was not favoured for doors, windows, and
other members columns because it was considered inauspicious. Black
absorbs light. Any amount of lighting cannot brighten a room coloured
black. Also black is the most difficult colour to maintain.
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5. Meteorological status of the area.
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Rooms meant for the various activities :
(1) Drawing or living room :
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Drawing room is the very first room of a house as we
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Requirements :
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get adequate natural light and breeze. It should be as nearer to the entrance
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as possible. In on case the size of doors should be less than 2.0 m x 1.0m and
that of window should be 1.2 m x 1.0m.
The number of windows in a drawing room, should be
as many as possible. A minimum of two windows, one facing north and
another towards east are desirable. Tall and narrow ( sometimes may start
from floor level itself) windows offer more illumination.
If it is to be used as a bed room (for guests) very
frequently, the minimum floor area required is 23 sq. m to 28 sq.m.
2. Dining room:
A combined living dining room is the latest trend as it
increases the usable space of the room. It has the added advantages of
eliminating formal dining suits by substituting a table and light, chairs and
providing built- in storage of linen, crockery and silverware.
Requirements :
It should be cool.
It is to be connected to the kitchen.
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A minimum floor area of 15 sq. m and a minimum width
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of 3 m is needed. The normal size of dining room is 4.0 x 3.0m, so as to
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accommodate dining space for six persons with proper and sufficient space
for circulation round the table.
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3. Kitchen:
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Requirements:
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cheerful. S-E corner is the best location for the kitchen.Adequate lighting at
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both day and night is essential.For that a window towards north to provide
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light without heat and another towards east to receive the morning sun is
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needed.
A minimum floor area of 5 sq.m. is to be adopted.If it is
kitchen-cum-dining, the floor area should be a minimum of 7.5 sq.m.
4. Bed Room:
A man spends 30% to 50% of his life in a bed room.
Requirements:
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A minimum floor area of 10 sq.m. is to be provided.
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Rectangular shape is preffered to square shape. 4m x
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3m or 5m x 4m is generally adopted.Only one door to be provided and this
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does not take into account the door to toilet or to the dresssing room.
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Requirements:
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should not be less than 2.8 sq.m. with a minimum width of 1.2 m.The floor
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6. Verandah:
Any verandah protects the interior rooms from the sun.
Verandah is the best place to receive strangers. It serves as a sit-out in the
evenings and nights with members of the family or friends enjoying post-
prandial talk in a flow of breeze. Occasionally, it serves as a sleeping area
particularly in summer.
Requirements:
Its minimum width is 1.5 m.
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Verandah on south and west protects the interior rooms
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from the sun.
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Verandah on east diffuses the morning sun and hence
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may not be essential, whereas verandah on north serves no purpose.
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The verandah roof is to be provided at a minimum
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7. Store Room:
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Requirements:
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The minimum floor area of store room should be 8 sq.m.
Requirements:
It should be located in N-E corner of building as per
Vaastushastra rules as GOD will be facing west and devotee facing east.
A little bit of darkness is necessary to create
concentration.
Lighting comes from north direction.
Sizes of hte room may be 2.1m x 2.1m , roughly 4 sq.m.
in area.
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9.Children Room or Nursery Room:
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Requirements:
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It should be nearer to kitchen for the mother to look
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after the children. This room should not be nearer to the bed room.
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view to children. Good sceneries of art should be displayed around the room.
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Requirements:
Study room area should be calm and free from noise.
Gentle breeze with frequent air exchanges is required
for studying.
This room may be used as masters office room during
day time and hence it should be given outside access.
North light is required for engineers and draftsmen.
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A guest room should preferably be isolated from other
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bed rooms. It should have an independent access to common bath and w.c. if
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no attached toilet is provided. If there is no separate guest room, then
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drawing and rarely dining room can be used for this purpose .It should
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have good light, breeze and ventilation.
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is needed especially when some aged or infirm dependent are in the house.
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Requirements:
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13.Office Room:
The basic function of an office room is to study.
Therefore it is also called a reading room or library. This room is necessary
14. Stairs:
Stairs should be provided for vertical circulation.
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Requirements:
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Stairs must be fire proof.
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The minimum width of stair for a residential building is 900mm .
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The minimum width of stair for a public building is 1000mm.
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Rise : > 190 mm for residential building.
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maximum a 15 steps.
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stair. Rise of a stair should never be altered. Winders are to be avoided as far
as possible. If they cannot be avoided, they should be provided at lower
elevation.
15. Garage:
Provision of garages has become essential nowadays due
to rapid increase in the number of vehicles.
Requirements:
The dimensions of garage depends on the type of
vehicle and number of vehicles to be kept. For scooters 1m x 1.5m space and
3 m x 6 m for cars may be sufficient.
A minimum of one window should be provided in the
garage for lighting and ventilation.
Rolling shutters are preferable to folding shutters for
garage doors.
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Fig. 13
C.O.E. & T., Akola 39
Seminar 2000-2001
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Agricultural land is far away from residential localities.
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Separate paddy storage godowns are provided
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disconnected from residential area. Meditation and prayer rooms
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disappeared. (May be a small Pooja room is provided in some houses.)
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Residential localities are getting congested and space is becoming scarce.
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drawing room is provided at the very entrance of the house which was
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unknown earlier. Kitchen and dining are grouped. Water closet- the place of
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The drawing room is to be located along South-East,
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South-West or West so that it is nearer to the entrance and receives the sun
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most part of the day. The alignment of the road in front also dictates the
orientation of the drawing room.
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Study, store and guest rooms are proposed on North-
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West, North and North-East directions as they remain cooler and not exposed
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considerably. Sofas, chairs, dining tables, lavatory basins, gas stoves and
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other cooking gadgets are the fashion of the day. A well for a house is no
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more a must.
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rules in row and multi-storeyed buildings of the day which necessarily have
plans which are mirror images of each other.
9. CONCLUSION
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harmonically balanced living environment for the human beings.
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On the face of it, blind faith and metaphysics seem to
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govern the practice of Vaastushastra. Deep and serious thinking reveals that
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the logic and the reasoning of Vaastushastra is not only remarkable but its
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symbolism with stands the scrutiny of modern science.
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constructed pertaining to the principles of Vaastu, the people are sure to live
a happy, peaceful and healthy life.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Secrets of Vaastushastra
-- N.H. Sahasrabudhe & R.D. Mahatme.
2) Vaastushastra An Ancient Science of Building Construction.
-- Shashi Mohan Bahal.
3) Practical Vaastushastra
-- Acharya Satyanand.
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4) Remedial Vaastushastra
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-- Dr. Bhojraj Dwivedi.
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5) Building Planning
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-- Dr. N. Kumara Swami & A.Kameswara Rao.
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From the web:
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1) www.vastushastra.com
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2) www.vastu.indiainfo.com
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3) www.building.com
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