4 .

: 2013-2014

: - :

1:
1. (Data) (Information);
.: (Data) , (Information)

. .

2. ;
.: ,
, .
:

(Feedback)

3. ;
.: : )
.
, ,
. ) ,
.

2:
1. (Hardware) ;
.: , ,
.

2. /;
.: ( ) /
(...) Central Processing Unit (C.P.U.) (Main Memory) . ...
RAM .

3. ;
; .
.: ,
, .
. ... (C.P.U.) ()
().
:

1
4 . : 2013-2014

(keyboard) /
(mouse) .
(scanner) ,
.
(microphone)
.
(web camera) ()
(dot

matrix), (laser) (inkjet)

4. (Main Memory) /;
;
.: (Main Memory) / RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM
(Read Only Memory).
:
(.
).
) RAM , ROM . ) RAM
(
), ROM (
, ).

5. /;
.
.:
. :
(Floppy disk): 1,44 MB.
(
) .
(Hard disk): () /,
( ).
40
( TB-TeraByte=2
Bytes2.000.000.000.000 Bytes). / ( )
, ).
CD-ROM/DVD-ROM: ( ),
/ . (
CD 700MB, DVD 4,7 GB),
. CD/DVD
CD/DVD (CD-RW/DVD-RW-
rewritable). / /
CD/DVD.
/ (Flash memory/USB stick): ,

. (
1GB 128GB, / 1!).

6. ;
.: , .
:

2
4 . : 2013-2014

(Supercomputer):
(.. 250.000 72 racks) ,
.
.
.
(Mainframes): ,

,
. mainframes ,
, ...
(Personal Computer-PC):
. , .
( )
.
(Laptop/Notebook/Portable Computer): PC
( )
.
.
(Palmtop): ,
. (Tablet)
(smartphones) .

3: 3.3
1. ;
.: (resolution) . :
(Resolution): ()
(pixels).
. ,
(resolution) . :
800x600, 1024x768, 1280x1024. ,
.
(Size):
(1 =2,54 cm).

2.
;
.:
:
, .
.
, ,
.
, ,
.

5:
1. (Programme/Program) /;
.: (Programme/Program)
.

3
4 . : 2013-2014

2. ;
.: (Hardware) (Software),
, . / .

3. (Software) ;
.: (Software)
. , ,
.

4. ;
: )
(RAM). )
( ) . )
.

5. ;
.: : (Application Software)
(System Software).

6. (Application Software);
.
.: (Application Software)

. :
, .
, , .
.
, . , .
.
(Browsers) (Internet).
, .
, .
...

7. (System Software);
.
.: (System Software)
, .
(Operating System),
(Utilities), (Device Drivers), (Libraries).

8. (Operating System) /; .
.: (Operating System)
, -.
:
.
.
(.. , ).
-.
- .

4
4 . : 2013-2014

.. : MS-Windows ( ), MS-DOS, MacOS, Linux-Ubuntu, Unix, Android, iOS (

.. /).

9. / ..;
.: / (, , , ...)
-.. (Operating System-OS) ,
(download) (drivers)
.. .

6: (...)
1. (Command Line Interface);
.: (Command Line Interface)
,
-,

.

2. ... ;
.: ... PCs
, (icons)
.

3. ...;
.: ... , ,
( ).

4. / ...;
.: / ...
(Desktop) .

5. ...;
.: ...
.. .
:
, ,
.
,
.
( )
( ).
, ,
, ,
, (Internet), ...

() .

5
4 . : 2013-2014

6. (window) ...;
.: (window) , ,
(), , /, ,
() ,
. ,
.
7. ...;
.: ...
.
(MultiTasking).

7: -
1. - /;
.: - :
.
() .
( -, ),
.
( hackers) (Internet),
.

2. (virus)
/;
.: (virus)
/ . :
.
/.
.
/ .

3. (back up files);
.: (backup files)
CD, DVD, ,
, : ) / , )
, ) .

4. ;
.: :

,
.
(antivirus program),
.
,
(update)
(Internet).
(firewall)
.