TAL LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.C . SS LOI NOI DAU LOLNOI DAU Trong cde nganh céng nghiép sin xudt va ddi sOng, cong téc diéu khién van hanh hiéu qua cdc thiét bi nhim ting kha ning sn xudt, ting chat Ivong, déng thdi tiét kiém duge chi phi san xudt cing nh moi chi phi cho vige tring tu bao duGng thiét bi sin xudt giv” mét vi tri quan trong. Didu khién may dign 14 mot linh vue nghién cu ting dung cdc thiét bi, khi cu va so 6 digu khign dé phe vu cde nhu edu thay déi céc dai lugng cita chuyén dong nh mo men, t6c d6 hay diéu khién vi tri tuy theo cde yéu cau phat sinh ctia mi loai hinh sin xuat. D6ng co mot chiéu dude sit dung tif lau trong cdc hé truyén dong c6 diéu khién tc 46 yéu cau dai diéu chinh Idn, d6 6n dinh téc d6 cao va cdc hé thudng xuyén hoat d6ng 6 ché 46 khdi dgng, ham va ddo chiéu. Nhé cé dac tinh diéu chinh tdc 46 tét nén duge sit dung rat phé bién trong cong nghiép. M6t sé tng dung quan trong ctia dong co mot chiéu nhv truyén dong cho xe dién, may céng cu, may nang van chuyén, may cén, may nghién, .v.v... Truyén dong dign we 49 chiém phin lén céc ting dung cha diéu khién dai lvung chuyén d@ng. Trong cdc loai diéu khién nhu vay thuting gdm c6 céc dong cd € hanh, cde b6 bién déi dign tit cong sudt va cdc hé thng diéu khién s6, Duong nhién phai c6 cde b6 loc nguén dau vao dat tiéu chudn loc nhiéu dién ti. Dé thay ddi téc dd, cdc dong cd xoay chiéu ddi hdi phai thay déi bién 6 dién dp va tin s6 trong khi d6ng co mét chiéu thi chi cdn thay déi mdi dién 4p mot chiéu thi bd chuyén mach co khi ciia dong co mét chiéu 1am thay déi tin sé theo. Cac d6ng co xoay chiéu hdu hét khong c6 chéi than, chi phi ban ddu va chi phi bao dudng thap hon cia dOng od mot chiéu, Tay vao ede ting dung ma viée chon Iya loai déng ed nao duge sit dung phu thudc vao khach hang TAL LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.CO)LOINOI DAU em xin trinh bay vin dé vé diéu khign We a9 dong es mé6t chiéu ding ho vi diéu khién 8051 bang phudng phap d6 rdng xung. Em xin chan thanh cdm on sv gidp 48 va g6p ¥ cita céc Thay, cde Co khoa Dién. Dién ut da tao digu kign thuan loi cho em ho’n thanh ban luan dn nay. Mét lin nita, em xin cdm on Thay Dung Hoai Nghia a huGng din tan Gnh trong suét qué tinh em 1am lugn dn. Do kinh nghi¢m va trinh d6 khiém khuyét, Kinh mong qui Thay cé bé qua cho em, n han ché, phan thé hign va tinh bay cdn nbidu Tran trong kinh chao, TP. Hé Chi Minh, ngay 30 théng 11 nam 2002 Sinh vién: Trin Xuan Khanh.LOINOI DAU. MUC LUC PHANI Chuong 1 Chung 2 PHANII Chung 3 Chueng 4 Chuang § Chung 6 PHAN II PHANIV PHAN V PHAN MUC LUC MUC LUC ‘Trang GIGI THIEU.. CO sO CHUNG KHAINIEM TRUYEN DONG DIEN PHAM VI UNG DUNG CUA TRUYEN DONG BIEN PHAN LOAIHE THONG TRUYEN BONG BIE PHUONG TRINH CHUYEN BONG CUA MOT HE TRUYEN DONG . MO MEN CAN, QUY BOI CKC DAT LUONG VE TRC DONG CO, pAC TINH CO CUA TRUYEN DONG BIEN. piku KHIEN DONG CO MOT CHIEU. A. CKUTAO CO BAN MAY DIEN MOT CHIE B. DAC TINH CO BONG CO IEN MOT CHIEU pO SORE D._pIEU KHIEN DONG C THIET KE, MACH PHAN CUNG. A, SO B. CHUCNANG CUA TU iG BO PHAD C., HOAT DONG CUA SO PO. PHAN MEM ASSEMBLER. D. GIALTHUA’ Eg. CHUC NANG CUA TUNG C1 F. _ CHUONG TRINH. PHAN MEM VISUAL BASIC G. NHIéM VU CUA PHAN MEM.. H. GIAITHICH HOAT BONG 1, CHUONG TRINH. KET QUA J. MACH THICONG K, GIAO DIEN DIEU KHIEN TREN MAY TINH KET LUAN enemies TAI LIEU THAM KHAO PHU LUC. 1. Gi6L THRU MCS-8051... 2. CONG NOI TIER. 3. GIGI THIEU CAC VI MACH SU DUNG VA LINH KIEN KHAC. 4, Gi6i THe vé CHOPPER H VA CHOP:Chung 1 Chugng 2 PHANI PHANI GIGI THIEU CO SG CHUNG KHAINIEM TRUYEN DONG BIEN PHAM VI UNG DUNG CUA TRUYEN DONG DIEN ¢. PHAN LOAIHE THONG TRUYEN DONG DIEN . PHUONG TRINH CHUYEN DONG CUA MOTH M@ MEN CAN QUY BOI CAC DAILUONG VE TRUC PONG CO 3, DAC TINH CO CUA TRUYEN DONG DIEN 1EU KHIEN DONG CO MOT CHIEU A. CKUTAO COBAN MAY BIEN MOT CHIEU B. DAC TINH CO DONG CO DIEN MOT CHIEU ©. D. TRUYEN DONG . NGUYEN LY LAM VEC . DIEU KHIEN BONG CO DCPHAN I - CHUONG 1PHAN I- CHUONG 1 A—KHAINIEM TRUYEN DONG DIEN M6t hé truyén dOng 1a m6t hé thong céng nghiép thyc hién bién déi nang Ivgng dign sang nang lugng cd (8 ché dd dong cd) hay nguige lai 3 ché dé ham méy phat phue vu vige chay ede quy trinh sin xudt khée nhau nhw 1a: ede nha may sin xudt, van chuyén ngudi va hang héa, ¢: 6 ding trong nha, cée may bom, cée may nén khi, in dng cho 6 dia may tinh, cde rObst, ede may nghe nhac, xem phim Ngay nay, tuyén dong dién tiéu thu khodng 50% nang lugng dién sin xudt duge. CAc hé truyén dong 6 thé chay thay déi t6c d6 hodc chay véi t6c d6 khéng déi. —__ Spi ) Phy i) hép noi dan ———* ai uu x He thing blo vé va kino dongldiong bling ed-dien hhoge dig wt Hn 1.1 Truyén dong t6e 46 hing, TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -2-PHAN I- CHUONG 1 : He thing b6 3 pha i dign d6i ngusn ign wt May sin xust (Phu tai Ghép n6i di He thag bao v6 va doing J mi_ bing co-dign bode ign ot May sin xust (Phy tai) Ghép néi tan hi cfiu dao co dig, Minh 1.2 Truy€n ding t6e d6 thay dit Truyén dong dién tc dé thay déi cé dong cd dién (dong dién xoay chiéu), bé ghép ni dn hoi, tai eo Kh (may sin xudt) va he théng bio vé va ding / md bing oo dién hay dign tit. Ngay nay gn (75-80)% truyén dong dién vin con 1a loai truyén d6ng 3 te d0 khOng d6i vi khong c6 nhidu ting dung yéu cdu dén diéu khign tc d9 ngoai wiv trudng hgp Ite khdi dng, ngitng va trong hoat dng bao ve. Tuy nhién cn khodng (20-25)% cin dén diéu khién téc dé va m6 men sao cho thich hop véi phu tai co khi. Céc b6 bién déi dién tit t6 ra c6 nhiéu dic tung manh trong vige thay déi va duy ti mie nang Iugng cung edp thich hgp vi loai phy tdi cin Gn digu khién 6c d§ hay mémen nhu: may cong cu, robst, truyén dong cho dia may tinh, cdc phuong tién chuyén ché, v.v. Vé cau tric, mot hé théng truyén d6ng dién ni chung, bao gdm cdc khau: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM 3.PHAN I- CHUONG 1 thanh mt chiéu hode )), bién déi loai nguén (nguén 4p thanh nguén dong va ngude lai), bién déi p (hoac dong ), bign Ai sé pha, biEn AGi tan sd,v.v.... Cac bd bién déi thudng diing 1d may phat dign, hé may phét—d9ng o9 (hé F-D), cde chinh Iu c6 digu khién va khéng diéu khién, cdc b6 bién tin,v.v.... 2. Dong cd dién: ding dé bién ddi dién nang thanh cd nang hay co nang thanh dién nang (khi ham dién). Céc dong co dién thudng ding 1a: — Déng co dién xoay chiéu ba pha khéng déng bé rotor léng séc hay day quan; — DOng co dign mét chiéu kich tir d6c lap, song song, ndi tiép, hn hgp hay kich tirbling nam cham vinh citu; — Déng co dién xoay chiéu ba pha c6 c6 gép; — Déng co ding bé. 3. Khau truyén lye: ding dé truyén luc ti truc dng cd dign dén co cu san x ding dé bién déi dang chuyén d6ng (quay thanh tinh tién hay lac) hoac 1am phi hgp vé t0c d6, m6 men, luc. Dé truyén luc cé thé ding cdc banh ring, true vit, xich, dai tuyén, cdc b6 ghép néi dan hii... 4. Co cfu san xuat hay may san xuat: thuc hién (gia cng chi tiét, nang—ha tai trong, dich chuyén..) cdc thiét bi ding dé digu khién b9 bién déi, dGng co dién, co hoac ic thao tée sn xuat va cong nghé edu truyén luc. Stt dung trong khdi ndy o6 thé 1A cdc khi cu déng ct mach 06 tigp diém (cdc relay, contactor) hay khéng c6 ti€p diém (di¢n tik, bin din), cdc b6 khuyéch dai, ede b diéu chinh (regulator), cée may tinh, cde bO vi xit i (microprocessor), cée bO diéu chink theo chung trinh, CPU, PLC, CNC... Céc thiét bi do lvng, cdm bién (s sor) ding dé ldy cdc tin hiéu phan héi c6 Ac loai déng hé do, quang. M6t hé théng truyén dong din khéng nhat thiét phai c6 day dii cdc khau nhv da néu, Tuy nhién, mét hé truyén déng dién bat ky lu6n bao gém hai phan chinh — Phan luc: bao gém bé bién déi va dong co din. — Phan diéu khién. MOt hé truyén d6ng dién duge goi 14 hé hé khi khong c6 phan héi, duge goi 1a hé kin khi c6 phan hdi nghia 1a dai lvgng dau ra duge dua tré lai dudi dang mot tin higu nao d6 dé diéu chinh lai viéc diéu khién sao cho dai lugng dau ra dat mét gid tri mong mugn nao dé. Am bién ti, iu B—PHAM VI UNG DUNG CUA TRUYEN DONG DIEN M6t so dd t6m tt chi ra céc ting dung chi yu va gidi han cong suat cdc dang truyén d6ng dign chinh nhv sau: ‘TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM 4sPHAN I- CHUONG 1 Cong sud «w) May bom nha 100000 sp tha it mméy thus ign Nha miy aay xi mang, 0000 May fi tam Cée my bam Ce my Lam giy 1000 Chyén chd 100 LQuat “Thang méy 10d May tron, bang tii May det May dong hop Rabi 1d Lanier, be het, oaeneeee May cing eu ‘Cae miy digu hoa nhiét db. 01 Mie 06 yu ef ela vin bib ‘Trung binh =—— Cao. Hinh 1.3 Cée ting dung truyén déng c6 t6e 46 thay a6 Cée ving dung nhw bom trit cho nha may thuy dign bing cée 8 may duge ché tao e6 cong sudt 1OOMW hoac hon nifa. Mite d@ van hanh cao trong hinh 3, ¢6 ¥ nghia ring hé thong truyén dong nay ddi héi phi dat duge dap ting tc d6 hay diéu khién vi tri mOt c4ch nhanh chéng, chinh x4c va pham vi didu chinh rong. Cing véi su phat trién ciia linh vue dién tit, cdc bd bién déi dién ti cong suat, da tao m6t su chuyén dich Ién trong thi trvGng truyén d6ng. Cac dong co mét chiéu c6 chéi than t6c d6 thay déi duc sit dung tit nhiéu thap ky truéc nhung téi nay cdc dng co loai xoay chiéu véi nhiéu wu diém cilia minh dang thay thé din cho n6. Cac bd truyén dong d6ng co xoay chiéu va bé biGn déi dién tif t6 ra bén, ré hon va kha ning van hanh tuong duong, dic biét 1a cdc ting dung diéu khién chuyén d6ng cé tinh thuan nghich. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM “5.PHAN I- CHUONG 1 25% | d. ‘nam 1990 ‘nam 1995 ‘nam 2000 Minh 1.4 Sw thay di ola thi wuting trayén dng, CAc b6 bién déi dién tit céng sudt danh cho cdc loai dong cd mét chiéu cé chéi than hode kh6ng chéi than cling dugc nghién ettu va dua ra cho céc ting dung. véi gid cd hop ly, Mite chi phi cho b6 bién di dign tk cong suat thudng ludn cao hon chi phi ciia dong cd khodng tiv hai dén nam lan, noi chung thi gidi han céng sudt cia hé truyén d6ng cang 16n thi su chénh Iéch gid gitfa hai thinh phan nay gidm hon, Ly do ciia vie ding b9 bién déi dign tir cOng suat cho di gid cia n6 1én hon cia dGng co vi trong hdu hét cde ting dung c6 tinh lau dai vite tit ki¢m duge ning lwgng in xudt gidp thu héi khodng chi phi thém cho b9 biGn d6i dign tir cong sud, gid sit dinh mite cng suat sit dung khodng hon 10kW, néu xem mie tiét kigm nang lugng ¢6 duge nbd sit dung b6 bign déi chi 25%, pham vi diéu chinh tc d6 ching mgt én ba lan va hoat dong lign tye 24/24 gid/ngay thi khong thi gian thu héi von chiing chuta tdi nam nam. Gidi han sit dung c6ng sudt cang dn thi thdi gian quay vong von cing nhanh do vige tiét kim nang lugng t6 ra cng higu qua. Cée tinh todn chi tiét xin xem chi tiét trong tai li@u chuyén dé Vai rd cla hg truyén d6ng trong thye 1a diéu khién m6 men dGng cg phd hyp vii mé6men tdi va vdi ludi dign nguén cung cap khi xdc lap. Cae quan hé cia m6 men tdi cothé duge dién dat bing mét trong cée quan hé sau: ¥ M6 men/téc d6 quy vé dau truc dong co; TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -6-—.T—— prin I - cnvone1 Y Hay m6 men /thdi gian va T6e a6 / thdi gian; Y Hay quan hé vj tri / thdi gian. Con qué trinh qué d6, b6 truyén d6ng thé hién vai trd né bang cach diéu khién vong kin, trong d6 tin hiéu dau ra dugc dua tré lai tin hiéu dau vao so sdnh véi tin hiéu dat va ly sai léch 1am tin hiéu diéu khién cho b6 bién déi..nhim duy tri du ra theo yeu cau. C—PHAN LOAI HE THONG TRUYEN DONG DIE C6 nhiéu phn loai hé truyén d6ng dién: 1) Phan loai theo sé Iuvgng dong co sit dung: chia ra 3 loai — Truyén d6ng nhém: ding mét dong co dién dé kéo mét nhém gém nhiéu may sdn xuat. = Truyén d6ng don: ding mét dong co dién dé kéo toan b6 mst may. Truyén dong nhiéu dong co: trudng hop thanh phan cia né do mét dong co riéng dim nhan. Hinh thife nay duge sit dung kha phé bién. 2) Phan loai theo dic diém chuyén d6ng : — Chuyén dong quay; — Chuyén d6ng thang. 3) Phan loai theo ché d6 lam viée: — Lam vige lién tue; — Lam viée gién doan, 4) Phan loai theo chiéu quay déng co: — Truyén dong c6 dio chiéu; Truyén dong kh6ng dao chiéu. 5) Phan loai theo ding dign: — Truyén dong dién xoay chiéu: ding dng co dién xoay cl — Truyén dong dign mét chidu: ding dong es dign mot chi 6) Phan loai dya theo su thay d6i thong s@ dign: — Truyén d6ng kh6ng diéu chinh: néi thing déng co vao ngudn va kéo may sin xuat véi m6t t6c d6 khéng déi. Thay déi xudt hién chi 1a do nhiéu tit bén ngoai — Truyén ddng c6 diéu chinh: cOng nghé quy trinh sin xuat ddi héi phdi c6 diéu chinh tc 46, vi ti hay mémen, Théng sé dién ciia hé thay déi duge nh’ bi didu khién, 7) Phan loai theo thiét bj bién di Hé may phat—d6ng co: (ky higu: F-D), dng cd mot chiéu duge cap dign ti m6t may phat dién m6t chiéu (b6 bién adi 4 day 1a may phat). chuy TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -T-PHAN I- CHUONG 1 2 6 h¢ may dign khuyéch dai—déng es (ky higu: MDKD-B). Trong dé, b6 bin d6i 8 day 12 MDKD; hinh ltu—dong cv: (ky higu: BCL-D), dong eo mot chiéu duge cp dién ty mét b6 chinh Ivu (BCL). Chinh Iuu c6 thé khéng diéu khién (chinh Iwu diode) hay c6 diéu khién (chinh Iuu Thyristor: hé T-D).v.v... D—PHUONG TRINH CHUYEN DONG CUA MOT Hi TRUYEN DONG DIEN 1, Hé thong chuyén dong tinh ti Theo dinh luat II Newton, néu xem khéi lvgng vat chuyén déng 14 kh6ng déi, ta e6 phuong trinh: ma=m2 ap Fp+Fo a Trong a6: Fp - lye phat dng do dng co dién wo ra (N); Fe - luc can chuyén d6ng ciia cd cu (N); F, — - lye d6ng tao ra gia téc chuyén dong (N); m_— - khdi lugng quén tinh cia vat chuyén dong (kg); a -gia tc chuy€n dong ( m/s” ); vy - van téc ctia chuyén dong (m/s); t - théi gian trong dé téc 46 bien Adi (s). * Luu y vé luc dong F, : Lue d6ng 14 khéng phdi 1a thanh phin gay nén chuyén d6ng. Dai lvong F, chi m6t khdi nigm vat ly. Xem phan cia m6 men dong Mp bén dusi. 2. Hé thing chuyén d6ng quay: Trong hé chuyén d6ng quay, néu coi m6 men quan tinh khéng déi, dang dinh luat IL Newton ta c6: Mp + Mc = My =I 1.2) Trong a6: Mp - m6 men do dOng co dién tao ra (Nm); Mc - m6 men cn ciia cd edu (Nm) (Mc cdn goi i m6 men tinh); My - m6 men déng tao ra gia t6c géc (Nm); J - m6 men quén tinh cia vat quay (Nm); 0 — - gia téc gée (rad/s*); o t ~ te dO gée (rad/s): = thdi gian trong dé téc 46 géc bién déi (s). TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -8-PHAN I- CHUONG 1 * Luu § vé dai lugng Mg: Trang thai 1am viée eda truyén dong phy thuge vao mémen quay Mp do dong eo sinh ra va mé men tinh Me do phu tai cia may quyét dinh, Mdi mOt m6 men trén déu c6 thé 18 m6 men gay chuyén ddng ho’c m6 men ham. Vi du, 6 may cua dia hode quat gié: Mp 1a m6 men gay chuyén déng, Mc 18 m6 men ham; khi cn truc ha tai tng véi trang thai may phat ciia dOng co: Mp 1a m6 men him, Mc 14 mé men gay chuyén dGng; khi cn truc ha tai dung Ive: cd hai m6 men déu gay chuyén d6ng; khi ham di¢n may cn: cd hai m6 men déu la ham, Dong lve cha truyén dong duge xdc dinh bdi m6 men téng hgp ciia hai m6 men trén. Ta goi mé men téng hgp nay 1a mé men déng, k¥ higu: Me . Dau cia m6 men dong 1a gid tri dai sé. M6 men d6ng khéng phai ding dé chi m6 men gay ra gia téc hay gidm téc cla truyén dong (Mp = Mp + Mc), ma 1a ding dé chi mét dai lygng m6 men bang vé tri sé va ngude chiéu véi nd, d6 14 m6 men cia kh6i lvong quan tinh Jdo/dt. M6 men nay phat sinh khi truyén d6ng thay déi t6c d6 va n6 c6 tac dung chOng lai su thay déi né. N6i céch khée, danh tir wén khOng phai chi nguyén nhan ma chi hdu qua. Dé 1 mot khdi nigm vat ly. Néu tc d6 d6ng co tinh theo vong/phuit thi téc dé géc: @= one ® oS (rad/s) Nén (M.4.2) tré thanh: 1 "955° dt Déi vdi t6c dG, ta ly chiéu quay cia dng cd lam chiéu dung khong ké dong cd quay theo chiéu nao. Dau ciia m6 men hung theo chiéu quay ctia truyén dong 1a dugng, cdn nhiing m6 men nguve chiéu quay 1a 4m. E—MO MEN CAN Theo MO men edn phin khang My, va m6 men edn thé ning Ma M6 men can phan khang: M6 men can loai nay bao gdm m6 men ciia luc ma sift, luc cat, Ive bién dang cla cdc vat thé khéng dan héi. Chiing déu dugc tao ra do cdc lye phan khang chéng lai chuyén déng. Do 46 mo men cin phan khang luén luén ngugc chiéu chuyén d6ng. 2. Mé men can thé nang: tinh téc dng ta chia m6 men can thanh hai nh6m: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM <9PHAN I- CHUONG 1 M6 men can thé nang bao gém m6 men do trong lye va lye bién dang cla nhiing vat thé dan héi. Nang hoac ha tai trong cting nhv nén hoac kéo 1d xo déu cé lién quan én sy bign thién eila thé nang truyén dOng, chinh vi vay ta goi m6 men can loai nay 1a “m6 men thé nang”. Khi ting dy tri thé nang (nang tai, nén 1 xo, v.v..) mé men thé nang 6 tac dung cin tré chuyén dong, tie huéng ngude chiéu quay ciia déng co; khi gidm thé ning (ha tdi, gidn 1d xo, v.v..), mO men thé nang lai 1A m6 men gay chuyén dng, nghia 18 né hudng theo chiéu quay cia dng cd, Dé cho viée tinh ton duge thudn tién hon, ta ding dai lvgng “m6 men can toan phan”: Mc= Mp + Mu a Thanh phan nao trong vé phai cia (M.5.1) tr6i hon th) m6 men can sé mang tinh 6. Phé bién nhat trong thyc té 14 cdc truyén déng cé m6 men cin thudn phan khing, hode m6 men edn mang thinh phan phan khdng tri. D6 18 cdc truyén dong chinh cia may can, bung lin, may tign, may phay, quat gi6, bdm nufée, v.v.... Cac truyén ddng c6 m6 men can mang thanh phan thé nang tr6i la truyén d6ng ctia can truc, ban nang (vdi di trong khéng cn bing), may nang him mé, thang may, truyén d6ng nang cia may xile, VV... Qua vige phan tich tinh chit ciia m6 men néi trén ta thily M@ men cia dong co 3 trang thai dOng co sé mang dau dusng vi n6 huéng theo chidu quay, cdn trang thai may phat sé 1A Am vi hung nguge chidu quay. MO men edn phin khang thi lun lun 4m vi né luGn lun hudng ngutge chidu quay. MO men cin thé nang c6 déu 4m khi ting dy tr thé nang (khi nang tdi, nén 1d xo), va mang dau dudng khi gidm dy trif thé nang (khi ha tai, gin 10 xo). F_Quy DOI CAC DAILUQNG MO MEN CAN, LUC CAN, QUAN TINH CUA MAY SAN XUAT VE TRUC DONG CO M6t hé truyén dong dién thudng cé nhiéu b6 phan khdc nhau véi cdc truc quay khde nhau: quay tri, quay phdi, tinh tién 1én, xu6ng.... Cac b6 phiin nay tao think phan cd hoc ciia hé truyén dong dién. Chiing c6 cae téc dG, Ive hoc mé men téc dung khdc hau. Khi tinh toan thiét ké, chon cOng suat dng c hode nghién cifu sy 1am vige cla mét hé truyén dong dign, c6 thé cAn phai thiét lap phuong trinh chuyén dong (L1.1) hoac (1.1.2) tai m6t diém nao d6 trén so dé d6ng. Cac dai Ivong dé thiét lap phuong trinh phii lay 3 ngay tai diém d6. Do vay, c4n phdi tién hanh tinh quy di cdc dai lvong nhv lye cn, m6 men can, khéi quan tinh va m6 men quan tinh vé diém dinh tinh toan. Thong thu@ng, dé thudn tign khi khdo sat cdc trang thai am vige cila truyén Ong, ngudi ta hay tinh quy déi cdc dai lugng vé truc d6ng co (nguén phat dong lye). Nguyén tc tinh quy déi 1a dyfa vao dinh luat bao toan nang lugng. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -10-PHAN I- CHUONG 1 Quy déi mé men can Mc vé truc dong co: Goi m6 men sau khi quy déi vé truc déng cd 1A Mye Cong truyén ti dong eo = Cong nhan dén may sin xuat <> Max @p XX = Mex @usx x Nm) a4) Trong dé: 1 - hiéu suat ciia co cau truyén lute tit dong co tdi may sin xuat; i = ty sO truyén tir truc dong co tdi truc may sdn xuat, i = @p/ousx : Op - Wed géc ciia dng cg, (rad/s) Oysx- We d9 g6e cia may sin xual, (rad/s) t -thdi gian sin xudt; 2. Quy déi lye can F¢ cia chuyén dong tinh tién thanh mé men trén truc dong cd: Cong truyén ti déng co = Cong nhan dén may san xuat <> Myx Opxxt = Fexvxt > My="2*2 Nm 1s) Trong a6: p - ban kinh quy déi cia chuyén d6ng tinh tién vé truc d6ng co, Pp =VW/@p ,(m) v - We dG nang (ha) tdi tong (m/s) 3. Quy déimé men quan tinh Jusx vé truc dong co: M6 men quan tinh can quy déi 6 day 18 m6 men quan tinh cla cdc phan quay cia may sin xudt Jusx, dude quy 46i vé truc déng co. Ong nang tich ly trén truc déng cd = Dong ning tich lay cla may sin xuat. 1 1 2 Xa % On? = 5 Iaasx X Osx” » (kgm’) (1.6) 4. Quy 4éi khéi quan tinh cia chuyén d6ng tinh tién thinh mé men quan tinh trén truc déng cd: Khéi quén tinh 6 day c6 thé dua ra mét thi du nhv phan carbin chifa ngudi va déi trong cia né trong hg truyén dng thang may. ‘Theo dinh lugt bao toan nang lugng, dng nang tich lug trén truc dong cg bing vdi dng nang tich lug ciia khéi quan tinh cé khéi Iugng m (kg): 1 21 2 7 XJ X Op? = 5 xxv TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM “llePHAN I- CHUONG 1 => Jy = mx (v/@p)’ = mx p” (L1.7) Nhv vay, sau khi quy déi cdc dai lvong may san xuat vé truc clia d6ng cd, phuong trinh chuyén d6ng cia hé truyén d6ng tré thant Mp + Mga = JO Trong a6: Mp -mé men d6ng co, (Nm) M,o - mé men can (hode lye edn hoa d6i_vé truc d6ng co, (Nm) J - mé men quan tinh téng cOng ciia cd phan quay va khéi quan tinh (néu 6), (kgm 0 - gia te géc, 0 = dap/dt , (rad/s’). 4 hai) cla may sin xudit duge quy * Luu f vé quy wéc dau: a Déi véi t6e dG, ta ldy chiéu quay cila ddng cg Kim chiéu dung khong ké dong co quay theo chiéu nao. a Nhiing m6 men hvéng theo chiéu quay cia truyén déng 1a dugng, con nhitng m6 men ngwge chiéu quay 1a am. G—DAC TINH CO CUA TRUYEN DONG DIEN Trong hé truyén dong dién, déng co dién cé nhiém vu cung cap dong luc cho co cau san xuat. Cac co cau sin xuat cia méi loai may c6 céc yéu ciu céng nghé va dic diém riéng. May sin xudt lai c6 rat nhiéu loai, nhiéu kiéu véi két cfu rat khac biét. Dé6ng co dién cing nhv vay, cé nhiéu loai, nhiéu kiéu véi cdc tinh nang, diac diém riéng Dé hé truyén dng dign lm viée t6t, c6 higu qua thi gitta d6ng co dién va cd cfu in xudt phi dim bio c6 mét suv phi hgp tudng ting nao dé. Vige chon Iya hé truyén dong dign va chon déng co dién dap ting diing cdc yéu cau cia cdc co cfu sin xuat c6 m6t ¥ nghia Ién khdng chi vé mat k¥ thuat ma ca vé mat kinh té. Do vay, ta phai xem xét ky die tinh co cita truyén dong dién—tie dic tinh 9 ctia 6 cfu sin xudt va dic tinh eo ctia dOng eg dign, Dic tinh co biéu thi méi quan hé giita t6c d6 quay va m6 men quay: © = f(M) hoie n = F(M) 1. Dac tinh cd ctia cd cfu san xuat: Céc eo cfu sin xudt tuy rat kde nhau nhung die tinh co cla chting phan lén duge biéu dién téng quat béi céng thie duge rat ra tix thue t&: Me = Mca) + (Meam = Mec (2) 1.1.8) Trong dé: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -12-PHAN I- CHUONG 1 Me - momen 49 @ ndo ds; Mc - m6 men can ciia co céu sin xuat 6 t6c dG @ = 0; Mem - m6 men can ciia co cau sin xudt © = O4m ; k — - sO mii dic wung cho phu tdi, (k = 0, 41, 2). > Trudnghgpk=0: day 1A dic tinh co ciia cde eo cfu nang—ha (may true, thang may), cd cu an dao may cat got kim loai v.v.... > Trudng hgp k = -1: may quan day, eg cu truyén d9ng chinh cée may eft got kim loai v.v. > Trudng hgp > Tring hop may phat dién mét chiéu vdi tai thuan tré.... = 2: ede my thuy khf: bom, quat, chan vit tu thiiy v.v.... 0 Mew Mean Hinh 1.5 Dang dic tinh co cita m6t s6 co cu sin xu 2, Dic tinh ed cia dong co digs Dic tinh cd @ = f(M) cita dong co dign chia ra: dic tinh co ty nhién va dic tinh co nhan tao, Dang dac tinh cd cia mii loai déng cd khdc nhau sé khéc nhau a) Dac tinh cd ty nhién (tn): D6 1a quan hé @ = f(M) ciia dong co dign khi cde thong sO dign: dign dp, tin 1a dinh mifc theo ché 46 da dutge thiét ké ché tao va mach dign cla dng es khong ndi thém dign tr@, dign khang, b) Dae tinh ed nhan tao (nt D6 1a quan h@ w = f(M) cla dong cd dign khi cde thong s@ dign khéng dting dinh 6 suf thay déi mach mite hodc khi mang din c6 n6i thém dign td, dién khang... hoje ni. 3. D6 citing cia dac tinh co: Dai lugng d9 cting B ciia m6t duding dic tinh co 1a TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -13-PHAN I- CHUONG 1 6 = 2 = corsa) 19) @ DQ cting B cita mOt dac tinh co duge ding dé dénh gid dic tinh co ds. Dic tinh ed eng tuy@t di AM Hinh 1.6 B6 cing di — Khi IBi nhé, a — Khi|Bildn, — Khi lBl=0, di ‘inh co 1a mém (IBl<10) tinh e¢ 18 ting (|| =10+100) (inh co 1A nim ngang va 1A eting tuyét dé. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM “14.PHAN I- CHUONG 1 TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -15-PHAN I - CHUONG 2PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Didu chinh te 46 dOng cg 1a chi dng thay déi te 46 dOng cd theo ¥ muGn cia nguvi hay thiét bi diéu khién sao cho phi hgp véi quy trinh céng nghé ciia b6 phan lam vige cia may sin xuat Dé thay déi te 9 bO phan lam vige cia may sn xudt c6 thé thyc hién bang hai phuong phap: — Thay d6i ti s6 trayén cita b6 phan truyén luc hodc bién t6c dat gita dng cd va 6 phan lam vige cla may sin xudt (i = @p/@y5x). — Thay déi téc dé dong co. G diy ta chi xét dén phuong phap thay déi te d6 dng eg, A—CAU TAO COBAN CUA MAY DIEN MOT CHIEU 1. So dé néi day cia m6t may phat kich tif song song: Bin tré han. ong 2, Mach tit cia m§t may dién hai eye: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -17-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 3. Cudn day kich tif trén mét eve tit: 4, Phan tng: inh 24 5. Cau tric cé gép: Ranh gin ede déura cla ede eudn day phan ing 7 Cie phién g6p bling ding TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBS?#¥E KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -18- Ong lot cita cb gopPHAN I - CHUONG 2 6. Mach dign phan ting: Phiéh g6p minh 2.6 7. Cau trie chéi than: iu chin 46 cing 18 x0 May dién mét chiéu vé co ban c6 hai phan mach dién: mach kich tif va mach phan wing. Phin kich tif nim 6 ph4n tinh hay stator cia may dién bao gém cdc cudn day quan quanh cée eye ti ciia stator. Cée eye tit nay huéng vao trong stator nhv én hinh 2.1. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -19-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Sé cue tir 18 mot s6 chéin va chting sp sép xen ké theo eye tinh nam — be, Cugn kich tit, dong dién cing nhu thong luong cia cde eve tir 14 nh nhau. Céc cudn day kich tir duge ni nGi tigp. Dong dign cp cho cudn kich ti nhiim tit héa ede eve tir va tao ra tir thong trong khe hé khong khi gitfa stator va rotor cia dng e¢, Mach kich tit khong phai ld mach tiéu thy e6ng sudt nguén chinh trong may dign, Mach phan tng tiéu thu céng sudt nguén chinh va nim trén rotor. Céc cudn day cla phan ting dit trong cdc ranh phan bé trén chu vi bé mat cia rotor (hinh 2.4). 46 r6ng mét cugn day goi IA bude cugn day, bang bé rng ving dui mét cyc tit, duge goi 1A buée cue. Do dé néu mot canh tac dung cla cugn day dang nim duéi mot eye bie thi canh con lai sé nim duéi cyc nam ké bén. Cac cugn day trén mach phan ting ndi nhau thanh mach kin, két thiic ciia cugn nay sé 1A bat dau ctia cugn tiép d6 va két thie eta cudn day cuéi cing sé ndi vong dén diém bit diu cia cudn diu tién. Dong dién mot chiéu due dua vao hay 1éy ra tiv day quan phan tng thong qua cdc chéi than ti lén cd gop. C6 gép 1A mét két cfu hinh tru trén bé mat c6 nhiéu phién gép, s6 phién gop bing s6 cugn day va chiing duge cach dign véi nhau bing mica, Dau két thic cia mot cugn va khdi ddu cila mOt cudn ting khéc duge néi dén chung mét ranh gén dau ra cugn day trén phién gép (hinh 2.5). Két ni mach phan tng nhv trén hinh 2.6. Dong dién dva vao phan ting qua chéi than va cé gép. Chéi than B, dude n6i dén phién gp sé 1, va chéi kia ndi dén phién gp sO 13. Dong dién dén phan ting tiy chéi than B, phi¢n gép s6 1 va vong vé 6 phién g6p 13 tai chdi than B, theo hai dudng din song song, mdi dudng din tdi mgt nita dong phan dng. Mdi duting gdm mui hai cudn da cudn : nhanh phai gdm tiv cugn AA’ dén cuén WW’ va nhanh kia phan con lai, Méi cudn day trong nhém mudi hai cudn day nay, gid sit cudn dau tién nam dudi mét cuc bac thi cuén cudi trong nhém sé két thiic nim duéi cuc nam. Mach nhanh gém mudi hai cu6n con lai sé nguge lai, bat dau nim duéi mét cyc nam va két thtic cue bac. Khi rotor quay, dong dign chay trong cugn day nim dufdi mt cye tit khong déi, ip xe chéi than-cé g6p thay déi. Vi chiéu dong dién trong cdc cuén day ngudge nhau va do cach b6 ti xen ké cia eye tit, md men to ra do cdc cudn day ¢6 cing chidu, Nhd hé wén hinh 2.6 1a hai mach nhanh c6 cae chéi than-cé gép ma may dién méi cé thé lam viéc véi nguén mot chiéu. Dong dién trong céc cugn day phan tng thuc ra la xoay chiéu vi mdi lan mét cuén day dich chuyén tit ving tac d6ng ctia mét cue tif sang ving tac d6ng cia mét cuc tit khac, ding dién trong né bi dao chiéu. Ta cé thé néi hé c6 gp va chéi than hoat déng nhu m6t bé bién déi dong dién mét chiéu thanh dong dién xoay chiéu trong cdc cudn day phin ting. B—DAC TINH CO DONG CO DIN MOT CHIEU 1. Dong co dign mot chiéu kich tit dc Map va kich tif song song: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -20-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 6 dong co dign mot chidu kich tit de 14p, cudn kich ti duge cp dign tit mot nguén dign ngoai ddc lap véi nguén dién cap cho rotor (cudn ting). If ni dy dng —_b) Sd nguy@n ly ni diy ding es ced mat chi kich ede Hap. rit chidu hich song song a) Phuong trinh dic tinh ea: Khi dOng ed lam vige, rotor mang cugn ting quay trong tit truBng cudn cdm nén trong cugn tng xudt hign m6t site dign dng cdm tng (hay cdn goi lA sfc phan dign dng) c6 chiéu nguge vai dign 4p dat vao phan tng ciia dOng ed, Phung tinh dign dp 6 mach rotor +R (12.1) Trong d6: U_— -dign ap lui, V; E -stic di¢n dong cia dng co, V; I, -ddng dign phan ting cila dong c4, A; Ry - dign trd ton bd mach phan ting, ©: Rus = Ry + Ryay (12.2) Rony - dién tré phy trong mach phan ting, Q; Ry - dién tré mach phan tng, Q; = ty + ta tty + ep (12.3) ty = dign tS cugn day phan ting, Q; te - dign tré tiép xtic gitta chéi than va phién gdp, Q: ty - dign td cudn bd, O; TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -21-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Yep = diGn trd cugn phu, Q; Stic dién d6ng phan ting ti lé vdi tc 46 quay cila rotor: E = kbo (12.4) Trong dé: © — -tirthéng qua m6t eve tir, Wb; © — ~ tée dé géc ctia rotor, rad/s; k — -hé s6, phu thudc vao két cau ciia dng co. k= a (1.2.5) Voi: Pp - s6 déi cue tiY chinh; N_ -s@thanh dan tac dung cia cudn ting; a ~s@ mach nhanh song song ciia cudn ting Nhd Iue tit truting téc dung vao day din phiin tng khi c6 dong dign, rotor quay dui tac dung m6 men quay. M = kOly (1.2.6) Ti hé phvong trinh (1.2.1), (1.2.4) va (1.2.6) phuong trinh dic tinh co @=f(M) nh sau: Y Ras (2.7) kb (ko) b) Dung dic tinh co: Phuong trinh dic tinh co (1.2.7) c6 dang ham bac nhit y = Ax +B, nén dudng biéu dién trén hé truc toa dd MOo 1a mét dudng thing véi d6 déc 4m. Dudng dic tinh co cAt truc tung Oo tai diém 6 tung dé: U al 12.8) & = Fp (2.8) Toc d6 wy 1a téc dé ting vdi Mc = 0, nghia 1a: khi khéng c6 lve can nao ca. Dé 1a tc 6 16n nhat ctia dong co ma kh6ng thé dat dude 3 ch d6 déng co vi khéng bao gid TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -22-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 xdy ra Me = 0 (do lyfe ma sat luén tn tai khi dGng c quay). Te 49 @ goi 1A We a9 kh6ng tai ly twang. u ko 0 M Minh 2.9 Die tinh eo eba déng es dig més chigu ki ti d8e lip. Khi todn b6 cde thong 86 di dGng e¢ 1A dinh mite theo thi duge ghi trén nhan dng cd) va khong mae thém dign tré phy vio mach dong cd vi Ry = Ry va phuong trinh dic tinh co sé 1a: Un Ray KD yy (KD py)? Dung dic tinh cd hic nay goi 1a duing dac tinh eo ty nhién (Hinh 2.10). o- a27y ON, Mam Mom TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM inn 240° Dic inh eo urnhin cba dong 6 dign mot chidu kich tie dGe Ip.PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Khi phu tai tang dan ti’ Mc = 0 d&n Mc = Mam (AMc = Mc - 0) thi te d6 d6ng co gidm dan tit @ xuGng am (A@ = Op - @am). Diém A (Mam,@am) goi la diém lam viée dinh mifc. Phung trinh (1.2.7) va (1.2.7)' ¢6 thé viét duéi dang: © = @-Ao (2.9) V6i d6 sut te 16 voi m6 men t 1.2.10) ,,) 210) Nhv vay, dung thang dac tinh cd c6 thé vé duge nhi hai diém wp va A. Cling 6 thé ding mét trong hai diém 46 két hop véi diém khac thi ba 1a diém cat ciia dac tinh 9 v6i truc hoinh 0M. Biém nay ¢6 tung d6 @ = 0 va hoanh do suy ra ti (1.2.7). M = Man = kya =k alan (2.1 Trong dé: u, Tym = 1.2.12) z ( ) M6 men Mym va dng diGn Inn goi 1A mé men ngdn mach va dong dign ngdn mach, D6 18 gid tri m6 men Ién nhét va dong dign 1én nhat cla dOng co khi duge céip dién day di ma téc d6 bang kh6ng. Trung hgp nay xay ra khi bat dau mé may va khi dng co dang chay ma bj ditng lai vi bi ket hodc tai qua In khong kéo duge. Dong dién ngadn mach nay Idn va thudng bang: Tym = (10 = 20)Lam N6 c6 thé gay chay héng d6ng co néu hién tugng tin tai kéo dai. Do vay, Khi mé méy phai thém dign tr phy Ryyy vao mach rotor dé han ché ding dign mé may va khi dng co dang chay bj ditng lai thi cdin phi nhanh chéng edt dign. ¢) Anh huéng cia cde thong sé dign déi véi die tinh co: Phuong trinh (1.2.7) cho thay, dutng die tinh cg bac nhat @ = f(M) phu thuge vao cdc hé sO cia phung trinh, trong 46 ¢6 chita cdc théng s6 dign U, Ry va ©. Ta xét anh hung ciia ting thong TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -24-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 1) Trung hgp thay adi dién 4p phan ng (Hinh 2.11) Usvar; Ry = const; ® = const Mcam Hnb 2.11 Ho ie tint rit chidu kieh tide lp khi gid dign sp phan dng. ssa d6ng eo dign ‘Vi dién dp dat vao phan ting kh6ng thé vuot qué gid tri dinh mic nén ta chi c6 thé (ko) Cdn te d6 kh6ng tai IY tung op thay déi ti 1é thuan véi dign dp u @y = — = var ko Nhu vay, khi thay déi dién ap dat vao phan tng, ta duge mét ho céc dudng dac tinh cd song song véi dudng dic tinh co ty nhién (tn) va thép hon dung dae tinh eo ty nhién, Cée dudng dic tinh e¢ nay goi lA cde dudng dic tinh cd nhan tao (nd) 2) Truéng hgp thay déi dign tré mach phan ting: (Hinh 2.12) Ry = var; U = const; ® = const Vi Ry = Ry + Rpg nén dién tré mach phan tng chi cé thé thay adi vé phia ting Ryay. Trudng hop nay, téc 46 khong tai git’ nguyén: oy = Z = const Cdn dé dé (hay d6 cétng) thay déi ti 1g thuan theo Ryy : TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM 25PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Mean . Minh 2.12 Ho dic tinh ea eta ding eu dig rméichidu kich de lip khi ing dign tr ‘mach phfin ng. Nhu vay, khi ting dign urd Ryy, trong mach phn ing, ta duge mGt ho cde duing dic tinh co nhan tao cing di qua diém (0, @). 3) Trung hgp thay déi tiy thong kich tiv : (Hinh 2.13) © = var; Rys = const; U = const Hin 2.13 Ho dic tinh oo cia déng ca dig sit chidu kik tide Hip ki gi tr thing, TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM = 26 -PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Dé thay d6i tir thong ©, phai thay déi ddng kich tir nhé bigh trd Ry me & mach ti thong kich tir chi €6 thay 46i vé pha gidm. Pe = var (hay Khi gidm ti théng, @» ting, con 46 déc thi gidm manh. d) Dao chiéu quay dong co: Chigu tit luc tac dung vio ding dién xdc dinh theo quy tc ban tay trai, Khi dao chiéu tir thong hay dao chiéu ding dién thi tit luc c6 chiéu ngusc lai. Vay, muén dio chiéu quay cia déng co dién mét chiéu c6 thé thu hién mét trong hai cd — hoie dio chiéu tir théng (qua dio chiéu dong dién kich ti) — hoe dao chigu dong dign phan ing. Dung dic tinh co ctia dong co Khi quay thudn va khi quay nguge 18 Adi xting mhau qua gic toa 40, Phusng phap dao chiéu tiy thong thyc hign nhe nhang vi mach tit théng c6 céng suat nhé hon mach phan ting. Tuy vay, vi cu6n kich tir cé sé vong day lén, hé sé ty cam dn, do dé thdi gian dao chiéu tang lén nén phuong phép nay it ding. Ngoai ra, ding phuong phap dao chiéu tir thong thi khi ti thong qua tri sO khOng ¢6 thé lam t6c d6 tang qua, khéng tt. ) Mé may dong co kich tit doc lap: Life bat ddu déng dign cho ddng c4, te d9 dong co cdn bing khong nén ding diGn dOng cd TIyq tinh theo (1.2.12) rat lén, tao ra md men ngén mach My, tinh theo (1.2.11) ciing rat 1én va cé thé gay ra cdc hdu qua xu. Dong dign mé may: Tim = Tam = = (10 + 20)Lin DGi véi dong co cé céng suat cang 16n thi Ry thudng c6 gid tri cing nhé va dong Tnm cang 1dn. Diéu nay lam xdu ché d6 chuyén mach trong d6ng cd, dét néng mach dng co va gay sut 4p 6i dign. Tinh trang cAng xdu hon néu hé truyén dong dign TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -27-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 thuGing phai md may, dao chiéu, ham dign thudng xuyén nhu é may ye, may edn dio chiéu, thang may én xudng, v.v... MO men mé may qué Ién sé tao ra cde xung lye dng lm hé truyén dong bi giat, ldc, kh6ng t6t vé mat co hoc, hai may va c6 thé gay ra nguy hiém nhv: gay truc, vo banh ring, ditt cap, duit xich, v.v. Mom = Mam = K® nam Vay, dé dim bdo an toan cho déng co va céc co cu truyén d6ng cting nhv trénh anh hung xu tdi Iwi dién, phai han ché dong dién khi mé may, khéng cho vot qua gid iti: In 1,5 +2,5)lan Nghia 1a cdn phai thém dién trd phu Ryny v20 mach phan ting sao cho: u, U —ae ae +2501 R, +R, 8, = Céng suat dong e¢ 14n thi chon Imm nhs. Tm = Trong qué trinh mé may, te d6 dong cd @ ting din, sic dign dong cla dong eo E =k®o ciing tang dan va dong dién dng co bi gidm: __U-E ORR Do dé m6 men dGng cd cing gidm. Do vay, khi m6 men gidm di m6t mite ndo d6 thi phai c&t dién trd phu Ry, trong mach phéin ting dé d6ng co wd vé lim vide (hay tép tue mé may) trén dic tinh wf nhién. Tom lai, dé han ché dong dign qué 1én hic mé méy phai thém dign tré vao mach phan tng. Trong qué trinh d6ng c¢ ting t6c, phi loai bé din cdc dién tré mé may ra khdi mach phan ting. 2. Déng co dién mét chiéu kich tit néi tiép: Dong co dign m6t chiéu kich ti n6i tigp c6 cugn kich tit m&c n6i tip voi cudn diy phan ting. Véi cach mac néi tigp, dong dign kich tit bling dong dign phan dng nén cudn day kich tit néi tiép c6 tiét dién day 1dn va s6 vong day it. Ti thong ctia d6ng co phu thudc vao dong dién phan ting (tic 1a phu thudc vao tai): O=kly (1.2.13) Trong a6: Kk’ -hg sO phy thudc edu tgo cla cudn day kich tr TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -28-JH, pun 1- cnvone 2 Hinh 2.14 a) —So d8 nguyénly n6i diy dng) —Tirthing dng ov mét chigu kich ‘es mgt chi kich tira tip, tirnGi gp phy thude vao ding din phn ting (ting li dong kich ‘it thong ® phu thudc tuyén tinh vao dong dién phan ting (te dong dign kich tif). Diéu néy ding khi mach tir khOng bao hda ti va khi dong diGn Ly < O,8 + 0,9au-Tidp tue tng I, thi te dO ting tir théng® cham hon te d6 ting Ty rdi sau dé khi ti 16n (1, > Tym), €6 thé coi ® = const vi mach tif da bi bao hoa. a) Phuong trinh dic tinh ed: Xudt phat tir cdc phuong tinh cd ban ciia déng eo di¢n mét chiu néi chung: U=EtLRys @) B= kOo (b) M =kOly=kk'1,? (©) Ta cé thé tim duge phuong trinh dic tinh co ctia déng co dién mot chidu kich ti n6i tigp: Ti (1.2.13), (b) va (a): @ Riit I, tir (c) va thay vio (d): (12.14) im kk b) Duiting dic tinh ed: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -29-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Dung dc tinh ed cla dGng co dign mot chigu kich tit n6i ip theo phuong trinh (1.2.14) 1a mot dung hyperbol Mom inh 2.15 Bac tinh ea cia déng eo din mot chiu kich tir néi ig, Thue t, dGng co thudng duge thigt ké dé lam vige vdi mach tir bao hoa 6 ving tdi dinh mic. Do vay, khi Ui nh6, die tinh ed ¢6 dang dudng hyperbol bac hai va mém, con khi tdi 1én (trén dinh mifc) dic tinh 6 dang gan thing va cttng hon vi mach ti di bao hda (® = const). Khi Mc = 0 (Iy = 0), theo (1.2.14) thi tris @ sé v0 cling Idn. Thue t@, do ludn e6 Mc #0 vi khéng thé khéng cé luc ma sat 3 c6 truc d6ng co vA mach ti khi Ty = 0 vin |, te dG dong co cn c6 tif du (®4y # 0) nén khi khong tdi Mc = U = (12.15) Téc d nay khong phai ldn v6 ciing nhung do ti du a, nh nén wp cing én hon nhidu so véi tri sO dinh mifc (5 + 6)ajq va c6 thé gay hai va nguy hiém cho hé truyén dng dign. Vi vay, khong duge dé dong co mét chiéu kich tit ndi tigp 1am viée 6 ché do kh6ng tdi hode roi vao tinh trang khong tai. Khong ding dng ed mot chiéu kich tir ndi tiép véi cdc b6 truyén dai hodc ghép ni (ly hdp ma sat).... Thong thudng, tdi t6i thiéu clia dong eo 1 Khodng (10 + 20)% dinh mite. Chi nhitng dong cg cOng suat rat nh6(vai chuc watt) mdi cé thé cho phép chay khéng tai. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -30-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 ép big ¢ tinh co 1dn hon, do dé tée dé it Do dudng dic tinh co mém nén t6c 46 déng cd mot chiéu kich tir néi d$ng manh theo phy tdi. G ving tai ldn thi d6 eitng da bi thay déi manh theo tai. Phuong trinh dic tinh co tw nhién suy ti (1.2.14) v6i Ry = Ry. a2.44y Dac tinh co cat truc hoanh tai diém Mam, tri SO Mam Suy ra khi cho w= 0; yo Mam =k (2) = RR Tn? (1.2.16) (Ru) Trong a6: Ing = & (12.17) an = . c) Anh hwéng cia cdc thong sé dién déi véi dic tinh ed: Phuong trinh (1.2.14) cho thay: dc tinh cd @ = f(M) cila dng eg dién mot chiéu Kich tif n6i ip bj Anh hung bai dién tr mach dng co (mach phan ting va cong 1a mach kich ti). Dic tinh eo ty nhién (tn) cao nhat ting voi dign td phu Ryyy = 0. cde de tinh eo nhan tao (nt) ting véi Ryy, # 0. Dac tinh cang thap khi Ryo, cing 1én, G dGng co mét chiéu kich tiv néi tiép, ddng dién phan ing cling 1a dong dign kich titnén kha nang tai ciia déng co hau nh khong bi anh hung bi dién dp. d) Dao chiéu quay dOng co kich tit ndi tiép: Cang nhw dong co mot chidu kich tiy song song, dng co kich tif nGi tiép sé dio chiéu quay khi dao chiéu dng dién phan tng. ) Mé méy dong co kich tif ndi tiép: Liic mé may d6ng co, phai dua thém dién tr mé may vao mach dong co dé han ché dong dign mé may trong gidi han khOng qué 2,51yq. Trong qué tinh dng co ting te, p , dgng e6 sé lam vige trén dudng dic tinh eg tf nhién khong 06 dign tr mé may. ct dan dign té mé may TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -31-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 3. Déng co dién mét chiéu kich tit hén hgp: Dong cd dign mGt chidu kich tit hn hgp it gap hon céc loai dGng cd da xét 8 cde muc trén, Trong dng cd loai nay, tir thong duge tao ra do tac dung déng thdi cia hi cun kich tit: m6t cudn song song (ktss) va mét cudn néi tiép (ktnt). Do vay, dudng dac tinh cd cia déng co dién mét chiéu kich tiv hén hop phan bé gitta dic tinh co cia dng co mét chiéu kich tir song song va dic tinh co ctia dong cd dién mét chiéu kich tir ndi tigp. Néu tif trudng cilia cugn song tao ra manh hon tif trudng cia cugn néi tip thi dic tinh co cia dong eg kich tir hn hgp gan dic tinh co ciia dOng o¢ kich tiy song song hon. Néu tir tru’ng ctia cugn néi tiép tao ra manh hon ti trudng cia cugn song song thi dac tinh cd cia d6ng co kich tit hon hgp gan dic tinh co cia dong co kich tit ndi tiép hon. M6t trong nhiing dac diém ctia d6ng co kich tit hén hgp la c6 dac tinh co mém, 6 thé chay 6 ché d6 khéng tai vi t5c dd khong tai c6 gid tri gidi han. C—NGUYEN LY LAM VIEC Khi dat vao trong tif trudng mot day dn va cho dong dién chay qua day din th ti trudng sé tée dung mét lve tit vao ding din (vao day dn) va lam day din chuyén ng. Chiéu ctia lye tir duvge xde dinh bing quy te ban tay trai Dong c¢ dign néi chung va dong co mot chiéu néi ring lim vige theo nguyén ly nay. Ta xét cu tao cia mot déng co mot chiéu. Tir trudng duge tao ra nh¥ ede cudn day c6 dong dign mot chiéu chay qua. Cac cugn nay goi 18 cugn cm (hay cun kich ti) va duge quéin quanh cae eye tit, Thuong thi stator dOng ed ©6 dit cde cudn cdm nén stator cdn goi 18 phn cdm. Tir trvdng do cugn cdm tao ra sé tic dung m@t tit lye vao ede day din rotor dit trong ede ranh cia rotor khi e6 ding dign chay qua. Cugn day nay goi JA cugn ting, Dong dign da vio cugn ting qua cdc chéi than va cé gép. Rotor mang cudn tng nén goi la phan ting, TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -32-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Minh 2.16 Se 68 nguyéx ly cfu tyo céug 3 diga mgt chidy toof gp dieu; 2-chdi than, 3-10 +eve dy S-cuguchafeuga tied ti), 6 stator, 7-euda vag. Gia sit cde day din cudn ting 6 mia wen rotor 6 ding dién hudng vio, cdn céc day din cu6n ting 6 nita duéi rotor cé dng dign huéng ra hinh vé. Tit luc F tac dung vao céc day din rotor cé chiéu xéc dinh theo quy te ban tay tréi sé tao ra m6 men lam quay rotor nguge chiéu kim déng hé. Khi dong co 1am vide, cudn cdm tao ra tir truding @y doc true eve tit va phan b6 déi xting d6i véi cue ti. Mat phing 00° wén d6 cé dat chéi than, vita 1a mat phing trung tinh hinh hoc vita 1a mat phing trung tinh vat ly. Déng thdi, dong dign trong cugn ting cing tgo ra tif tring riéng ©, hudng ngang truc eve tit. Tir rung téng trong déng od TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -33-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 mat tinh chat a0i xting doc tru va mat phing trung tinh vat If quay di mot gée B (nguge chit quay ciia rotor) so véi mat phang trung tinh hinh hoc (Hinh 2.17). Minh 2.17 Tirtrting trong dng eo dign mot chiéu a)—do cugn cim to ra b)—do cugin ting tao ra ©}do hai cudin tng hap 8) —t6ng véc to cfc sie tir dong. Dong dign cugn ting cang Idn thi &, c’ng manh va géc quay 8 cng 1én, Ta n6i phan ting phan (ing cing manh. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -34-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Phan ting phdn ting 18 mOt trong nhing nguyén nhan gay ra tia lita gitfa chéi than va c6 gép ciing nhv gitfa cdc 14 g6p trong c6 gép. C6 thé han ché anh hwéng nay nho xoay chéi than theo vi tri mat phdng trung tinh vat ly (tfc 14 theo géc B). Thong thudng trong cdc dng co dién mét chiéu hién nay, ngudi ta ding phuong phap thém cuc tit phu. inh 2.18 Phan bé eye tir phy trong dng ea din méit chiu 1- ext tt phu 2- cudn day eve ti phu(cudn phu); 3- cub kich (cube ci; 4- exe tir chinh. Cue tir phy duge dat gitfa cde eye tit chinh va cugn day eye tir phy s trudng ngang truc so véi ti trudng chinh va nguge chiéu véi ti trudng ©, cla cudn ting dé khit ty trudng ®, . Nh& vay, phan ting phan tng bi han ché va qué trinh chuyén mach trong d6ng co sé tét hon. TALLIELPHAN I - CHUONG 2 Vi ti trudng ©, gay ra phan tng phan tng ti 1¢ vi dong dién phan tng I, nén cugn day eye ti phy duge mde néi tigp véi cugn day phan tng. Do vay, khi ding di¢n phan tng tang 1én, phan tng phan tng manh lén thi cu6n day cue tif phu ciing sinh ra tit tru8ng nguge manh hon dé khit ti trudng ©,. Ngoai ra, bign ph4p ting khe hd khong khi gitta dung. Cach nay din tdi suf ting kich thuée dng eo va phi ti chinh vi khe hé kh6ng khi In sé lim yu ti trudng chinh, rotor cling duge ap ing cudng thém cudn kich chiéu cae dgng oo sut tung binh va In bign phap chinh 1a thém cugn day bd dat tong ranh 6 cdc cue tit chinh nhim tao ra ti thong ©, nguge chiéu vdi ®, lam tif trudng 6 khe hé khéng khi khéng bi méo nifa, CuGn bil ciing duge mac ndi tiép vdi cu6n ting. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM = 36 -JH, pun 1- cnvone 2 D—DIEU KHIEN DONG CO DC 1. Gigi thigu: Trong cdc ting dung mang xoay chiéu, dé bién déi tir mtfe dién Ap nay sang mite khic, ta ding may bién dp. D6i vi mang dién mét chiéu thi ta c6 thé ding cdc b6 bién d6i bin din, céc hé may phdt mét chiéu. Trong phn nay, em xin trinh bay céch diéu khién d6ng co ding nguyén l¥ b6 chopper. B6 chopper 6 hai ché d9 lam vie gidm Ap va ting ap: Y BO chopper gidm 4p: goi la gidm 4p vi dign 4p ngd vao cao hon din 4p ngo ra. Dong céng suat dé tirngudn mét chiéu e6 dinh V, sé chdy tiy phn c6 dign thé cao sang phan cé thé thap V2, phan ur hoat déng 1a phan tw thi nhat, ché d6 truyén déng dong co. woven TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE JR} BSITE kys =37- ilJH, pun 1- cnvone 2 G ché 46 truyén dong, di¢n ap ngudn c6 dinh cung cp cho b6 chopper V; trén dau cue A,A> 6 ngé vao, sau khi qua b6 chopper, duge bién déi, gidm xudng cdn di¢n 4p ki hiéu V2 trén dau cuc ng6 ra BB», dong cng suat chay tit phan dién 4p cao sang phan dp thip nén may dign lam vige 4 ch€ d9 dOng ed. Dign dp dat vio déng co V2 va dong phan ting I; duong, diém lam viée nim trong phan tv thé nhat nhu trén hinh 2.20. bé diéu khién hoat dGng cho b6 chopper, ta déng c&t khod dign ti S; (GTO, BIT...) 6 tn s6 cao lap lai. Dang séng dign ap ra c6 dang xung chit nhat, nhu vay ta 6 thé diéu chinh duge dién 4p trung binh dat lén dong co, ¥ BO chopper tang 4p: phan wrhoat dong II, ché d@ may phat. DE hoat dong duge 6 ché d6 nay thi V, < V2, hic nay bé chopper sé thay déi tin. sO dong cit cia nd. a I TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE G Ssh, IlPHAN I - CHUONG 2 2. Chopper gidm 4 a, Cau hinh mach va nguyén ly lam viée: Hinh 2.22 Chopper gidm dp Chopper sé diéu chinh long céng suat nguén mét chiéu c& dinh cung c&p vao mach tai. Mach tai céng suat ctia chopper trén hinh 2.22 nim trong ving nét ditt, bao g6m hai linh kién ban dan c6ng suat lam viée nhu m6t c6ng tdc déng cat tinh. Trong d6, c6ng t&c ky hiéu S, 1a mét linh kién chuyén mach c6 diéu khién. N6 c6 thé th kién chuyén mach ban din c long cat theo ¥ mudn khi cung cap tin digu khién thich hgp cho cae cue digu khién cia n6, Thi du, néu linh kign duge chon cho $; 14 GTO (loai Thyristor cé th ch tat), ngudi ta kich d€n cue céng cia n6é mt xung dong dién dusng ngan dé théng né va mét xung dong am ngdn dé khéa n6. Néu S; la loai MOSFET kénh N, tin higu thong 1a mt xung ap dong duge duy tri trong suét khoang dinh thi mé va tin higu kh6a 1 mite dign ap zero. Ngodi phan mach tdi cong suat, chopper e6 mgt mach diéu khién (kh6ng vé wén hinh 2.22), n6 ning cung cp tin higu diéu khign hoat dng d6ng ct cia linh kign S, theo yéu cdu. Linh kign bén din thit hai én hinh 2.22 ky higu 1a S , 1A mt diode cOng sudt_loai linh kién khOng diéu khié tao dung dan cho ding thuan trong khoang dinh thai t&t va cdc dong nguge. Gid thiét mot sudt. Loai lin no TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM 39PHAN I - CHUONG 2 coi $; va S212 IY ting, te 18: coi chuyén mach gitfa hai trang thai déng edt dign ra tite thi va khdng c6 sut dp trén linh kién khi lam vi Cfc ddu vao ky higu Ia A, (ddu dugng) va Az (ddu 4m). Céc dau ra B, (dugng) va B, (am). Dién 4p nguén cung cap cé dinh kf hiéu V;. E tré tdi Ro ndi ngo ra qua m6t cam khang L. Muc dich cita cm khang nay 1a sé lam phang cae dé6t bién dong diGn ngé ra do qué tinh chuyén mach trong chopper giy ra. ign dp qua tdi va dong dién qua né c6 thé xem nhw phing khi L dii 1én. Cam khang L ding dé loc bé cic thanh phan xoay chiéu va duge xem nhv m6t thiét bi ctia nguén. N6 thudng cé 16i sét va c6 thé mang dong tdi thudn m6t chiéu ma kh6ng bao hda tit. Dé tién khdo sat, ta c6 mét sé dinh nghia sau: ft ‘huyén mach lap lai cia chopper (Hz); T ~ chu ky tudn hoan ela chopper, T= If ,(s); Ton - thd gian théng cia khéa dién wi S, ,(s); Tot - thdi gian khéa ctla kha dign tit Sy (8); D ~ chu ky lam vige oiia kh6a dign tit S; , duge tinh bing: D = T,9/T Khi S; thong, dign ap V, dat nguge én diode S2 nén S khéa. Dong dign trén dign rd tdi tng theo him mi do ¢6 mat ciia cdm khang L. Dong dign nay ky hiéu bing iz Ar ty (b) * ip mo © tt *PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Dang sng dién 4p trén hai dau ngo ra B,B, trong céc chu ky chuyén mach cia chopper nhu trén hinh 2.23 (c); di¢n ap nay bing V, khi S, thOng (S; on). Dang séng dng dign iz trong mach tdi duge trinh bay tén hinh 2.23 (d); lou ¥ ring trong chu ky 1am vige dau tién cia chopper, dong dign ting Ién tiv tri s zero ban dau theo dang him mi. tir S, (van S,) duge duy ui 6 trang thai thong trong suét quang dinh thoi au dén dinh thdi khéa (off : khéa,tét, cét, ngdt,hd mach). Tai thdi diém S, khéa (S; off), i2 c6 mOt gid tri x4c dinh. Ta ky hiéu bién d6 cia dong dién tai thoi diém nay 1a In. Day 1a gid tri dinh ctia dong dién trong sudt chu ky lam vige dau tién 6 ngo ra chopper. Gid tri dinh nay xudt hién tai thdi diém van S, khéa, Dong dign nay khong thé tic thdi gidm xuGng zero, do hign dign cim Khang L. Vige suy gidm dong dign iz tao ra mét dign 4p cdm ting Ldip/dt xudt hign tren cim khéng. Dign 4p cdm ting nay phan cue thuin cho diode va dong dign trong mach duge lién tue. Thudt ng@ “wr hanh”_freewheeling_ ding dé chi dong dién chy trong mach theo kiéu nay ma khong do m@t nguén dign 4p tich cue tit bén ngoai duy tr, ma chi do phn nang hugng tich lay trong phan tif kho (cdm khang L). Muc dich cita diode S2 1a cung cdip mét duting dan dign lign tuc khi van S, khéa, Vi vay, viée kha 8; sé ty dng 1am S, thong mach néu mach c6 phan ti kho L. Cau hinh mach Ic nay biéu dién bing hinh 2.23 (b). Dign ap trén hai dau cye ngd ra BB» lic nay bling zero va dong dign ip thi suy gidm theo him mi, Dong tuc trong su6t quing dinh thdi Ty. Ta ky higu gid tri dong dign né nba cia i tai cusi quing dinb thdi Tus e6 bién d6 18 Ty. Cée dang song dign ap va dong dién trong chu ky dau tién biéu trén hinh 2.23 (c) va hinh 2.23 (d). Trong khoang dinh thdi Ty», dong dién ng6 ra iz bing dong dién ng6 vao i. Dong dign ty hanh chay qua diode duge ky higu 1A ip, bling dong dign iz trong suét khoang dinh thdi Tyg. Cac dang sng ciia hai dong dién nay duge thé hign trén hinh 2.23 (e) va hinh 2.23 (). Chu ky chuyén mach tht hai cla chopper sé bat du khi S, thong te lai tai thd cudi clia khong dinh thdi khéa Toy dau tién, Cau hinh mach sé thay déi nh trén hinh 2.23 (a), va dong bat du ting lén. Liic nay, dong dign khéi ddu sé khac TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -41- ip suy gidmPHAN I - CHUONG 2 khong, bing vi I,; 6 cui khoang dinh thdi Ty; thif nhat va do a6 dinh dong dign thit hai Ip2 sé 16n hon Ip: va bién 9 dong tai cudi khodng dinh thdi Tye thet hai (ta sé goi 1A dong dign day va ky hiGu 1A 1.2) s¢ 1dn hon so véi I,). Theo kigu nay, cd hai bién do dong dign dong dinh va dong day sé lién tye ting. Tuy nhién ta sé thay ring khodng h Ich ndy sé cing gidm di sau mt chudi cde chu ky d6ng edt lién tue ciia chopper. Sau mot vai chu ky, sy khée bigt trong cdc chu ky lién tigp 6 nén qué bé va 6 thé bS qua due. Ta néi ring mach da dat d€n trang thai lap lai hay wang thai xde lap. Diéu nay 6 nghia 1a c6 thé xem dong dign dinh ciing nhu dong déy da bing nhau trong cdc chu ky lién tigp, Trang thai xdc lap duge biéu dign 8 phan hinh nim bén phai cho tit cd cde dang s6ng dién 4p, dong dign trén hinh 2.23. Cc dong dign dinh va day Strang thdi xdc lap ky higu 18 I, va 1, nh tren hinh 2.23, Luu ¥ ring dign ép tai ngo ra B,Bp tu né da xdc 1p tir chu ky d6ng c&t ddu tin. dl b. Quan hé dign ap: Trén hinh 2.23 (c) uinh bay dang sdng cia dign 4p wén hai diu cue B,B, lay,,,, cla bd chopper. Day 18 mot chudi xung chi nhat trong suét khoang Ty. Dign ap nay gdm mot thanh phan DC va mét thanh phan AC. Thanh phan AC 1a d9 nhap nho dign 4p. Muc dich sit dung cdm khang L dé loc bé 46 nhp nho dién dp va gitf lai than phan DC. Luu ¥ ring tan sé nhap nhé co ban bang tan sé lam viéc cia chopper. Sau day ta cling minh ring ¢6 thé bs qua d6 nhap nhd cia dign Ap ngo ra bing cich ding mét cim khang di 1dn va tin sO déng cat lén. Bién d6 dién 4p DC dau ra trén dang s6ng trén hinh 2.23 (c) nhw sau: V2=Vix dau cue tdi tinh bing d6 cao trung binh cla (12.18) Trong a6 D 1a chu ky lam vige eiia bd chopper, duge xc dinh bing tl so khodng dinh thi T,, trén tng thdi gian dinh thdi T. Do d6, ti s Ap a cia bd chopper, duge x4c dinh bing ti s@ gitta dign 4p ngo ra trén dign 4p ng6 vao sé bing: a=V/V,=D (1.2.19) Bang céch thay d6i khoang dinh thi T,,, ta c6 thé thay déi duge chu ky lim viée dong cat tir 0 dén 1. Vi vay ngudi ta c6 thé diéu khién chopper bing thay déi chu ky dé dat duge ti s6 bién Adi dién 4p duéi don vi hay theo mét yéu cau. ¢. Pham vi chu ky lm vige etia cdc bd chopper thu t bién lam vi Trong cdc b6 chopper thye té, do cdc linh kién ban dn khéng ly twdng, khong c6- kha nang thuc hién duge viéc thay d6i ti sé bién dp trén toan khoang 0+1. D6i véi hoat d6ng thye té cia mét linh ban din luén cin mé6t khoang thdi gian chuyén trang thai xde dinh tay thudc vao dic tinh loai linh kign duge chon sit dung. ap . a & Top(hiéu dung) TAL LIEU DUBC BHARE\TREN WEBSITE KYS {EC HLASEE ihgfOM -42- le >PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Nhu vay, véi diéu kién ly twéng thi ta cé khodng thdi gian chuyén mach bing kh6ng va thuc té thi n6é khdc kh6ng; ta goi khodng thdi gian cin thiét dé chuyén mach TA ton VA tose (KY higu chit thudng dé khOng in lon vi ky higu cla thdi gian dinh thdi théng va khéa cia linh kié 86 bién déi p thap nhat cling sé c6 gidi han khéc khéng. Néu mét ting dung yéu cau dén miic dién ap dau ra thdp hon, ngudi ta sé giam tan s6 déng cat cia chopper. Latu §: vide gidm tin s6 dong edt ctia chopper sé lam tang d6 nhip nho ciia ding dign ngé ra, din dén vige lam tang c% that va nhiét trén déng co DC. Gidi han cue dai ciia ti sé bi€n déi din Ap: do t6n tai cia thdi gian chuyén trang thai trong cée b6 chopper thyc t€ nén ti sO biGh Adi dign Ap eye dai ludn bé hon don vi. Digu nay duge khde phuc bing viée ding mot cong the dign tir (b} chuyén mach eg khf) dé néi tt chopper. d. Cae quan hé vé dong dién: (a) Chopper ON (b) Chopper OFF Ton P (©) Dang séng dong dign ‘ — TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN ———— Hinh 2.25 Dang gg ding dién 8 trang thal xée lapPHAN I - CHUONG 2 MOt chopper c6 chu ky lim vige kh6ng déi va dang hoat dng 4 trang thai xéc 1p. Dang s6ng dong dign tai nhw trén hinh 2.25 (c). Cée dudng din dong trong ede Khodng dinh thd T,, va Tyre duge tinh bay riéng trén hinh 2.25 (a) va 2.25 (b). Trong khoang dinh thii T.,, dong dign tai ting lén ti bién 9 day duge ky hiéu I, trén hinh 2.25 dén bién d6 dinh ky higu I,. Trong khodng dinh thdi Tyg, dong dig gidm ti I, xuéng I,. Chudi nay dude lap lai trong suét cdc chu ky lién tip. Trong phan gidi tich sau, ta sé rdt ra cde biéu thiée ciia T, va I, va cling nhw theo d6i qué tinh tién ti xc 1p cia chopper bat dau véi dong dign bling zero (Iya = 0). . nel Min 2.26 Sy ting lén cba ding dign tong qus tinh déng eft Hinh 2.26 tinh bay qué trinh ting lén cila dong dign tdi trong sust qué tinh déng cit, Ta ky higu cdc chu ky lam vige bing 1,...n nhu trén hinh, Ta gid sit ring dong dign tai diém bat dau ctia chu ky thif nhat bang zero. ‘ng quét, ta tinh cho chu ky thf n, Dong dién ban dau tai diém dau khoang dinh thdi T,, thudc chu ky thi n duge ky hiéu bing Iya). Tai cudi thdi diém khodng dinh thdi Ton, dong dign dat dén bién 46 dinh, ta ky higu bien d6 dé bang Iu). Ta gid sit ring g6c thdi gian 1a tai diém bat dau cla T., thudc chu ky thit nhat, Phuong trinh mée luéi trong si t quang dinh thdi T,q [hinh 2.25 (a)] 1a: Tai thoi diém t vi digu kign déu da néu ta duve: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -44-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Lan) X 0 + w x (Lee R (1.2.20) Trong d6 v= L/R 1a hing sO thdi gian cla mach ngo ra. Tai cudi mdi chu ky ON (tT sq), i = Iggy ne Tyay = Tony 4 x (eet) 2.21) Tigp theo ta xét khodng dinh thdi Ty; (OFF) trong chu ky thif n, Bé don gidn, ta chon lai gc thdi gian tai diém bat dau cla khoang dinh thdi T.g, phudng trinh mac Ludi trong suét quang dinh thdi Tyre 1d: ti sRi-o dt Gidi phuong tinh vi phin bac nhat trong khodng dinh thdi Ty véi didu kign dau i(t=0) = Tay, két qua 1a: i= Im x (1.2.22) Tai cui khoang dinh thdi Tyee (t= Toa), i = Iyasry te tinh bing: Tyinsiy = Tpen X (1.2.23) Thay gid ti Ip) tit .2.21) vao (1.2.3) 6: Tyan = haa OM + x Ce (1.2.24) Trong d6, T = Tuy + Tore 1A chu ky tun hoan cia chopper. Phung trinh (1.2.24) 1a dang truy héi tinh gid tri dong dign day theo cdc dong day trong céc chu ky déng cAt lién tuc tue dé, ta c6 thé don gidn lai la: Toso A+ Bly (1.2.25) Voi: Aa x (ete) (1.2.26) R Beet (1.2.27) DGi vdi chu ky dau tién (N=1), Iya) = 0. Do dé ta c6 thé Tye) nu sau: ke mot bing gid tri Iya = AC. +B +B?) Tyas) = AC +B +B? +... +B!) ‘Thay biéu thifc tng cia mét chudi hinh hoc trong ngodc bing biéu thie don gidn etia né, ta duge: Tiny = A ely (1.2.28) TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -45-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Khi n dui ldn dé ta c6 thé bd qua thita sé thit ba (e*"™* dn trang thai xac lap va gid tri dong day xéc lap bing: yee << 1), ta coi nhu mach dat L (1.2.29) lee Thay (1.2.29) vao (1.2.23) lee (1.2.30) Tle (Ge nit ra ede gid ti xdc Ip I, va I, ¢6 thé nhanh hon néu ta tin hank tinh toan bat du ty gid thiét wang th4i mach di xdc lap. Cach tinh nay kh6ng cho ta thay duge sy ting lén cia dong di 9 nhap nh6 dong dign dinh-dinh: ky higu bing Ij», xe dinh theo céng thite: lip 1 (12.31) Trong d6, cdc thanh phin I, va I, tinh theo cde cng thife (1.2.29) va (2.30). Thanh phn DC cia dong dign tdi: phan hinh nim bén phdi cila hinh 2.26 cho ta dang song xdc lap ciia chopper. Ta thay né 1A syf chéng chap cila h phn DC véi mt d6 nhap nh6 AC. Vi ta chi quan tam dén thinh phan DC eila dong dign dau ra, nén dé tinh duge né ta pha 0 trung binh cila dang song xac ta c6 thé tinh duge dién tich nim phan bén dudi dang séng trong mét chu ky chopper bing céch tfch phan bidu thife dong din cho bdi cOng thite (1.2.20) va (1.2.22) trong cdc khodng lién tuc. Chia déu phan dién tich cho chu ky cia chopper nit ra duge thanh phin dong dién DC ky hiéu 1a Ij. M6t cach don gidn hon sé ding nguyén ly chéng chap, ta chia thanh phan dign ap DC ngo ra cho dign td 14i R. Qe 2h RR Ding biéu thife (1.2.31) va (1.2.32) ta nit ra duge phan trim ciia thanh phan dong dign nhap nhO AC theo thanh phan dong di¢n DC ngo ra. ‘Thi du minh hoa: M6t bé chopper c6 céc tham sé mach : V, = 100V, c&t f=1kHz, chu ky lim vige D=50%. Y Thanh phan DC dién dp ra: (1.2.32) =10mH, O, tin sf déng =DxV, =50V Y Thanh phan DC dong dau ra: Ty= VaR = 10A Y Tan stud hoan chopper: T= l/f =0,001s Y Khodng dinh thdi thong: DxT =0,5.10°s Y Khodng dinh thi khéa: Tyg = (1-D)xT = 0,5.10°s TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM = 46 -PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Y Thdi bing mach ti: LIR =2.10°s Y Gid trj dong dink: we S1124A Y Gis tri dong day: J 28,754 y =2,49A ¥ Phin tim d6 nhdp nhé dinh-dinh: Glyy = 100 X Ipp/la =24,9% v Bay gid, cdc tham sO khéng dé cap dén sé khéng ddi, va ta ting tin sO dong cit chopper lén gap b6n lan, f=4kHz, thi T = I/f =2,5.108; Toy = 1,25.10%8; Tye = 1,25.107S 1,= 10,31; I, =9,69A Typ =0,62A Is khng déi (10A) Bop = 6.2% Y Ta khong thay déi tan sé dong c&t ma thue hién tang cim khang lén bén lan, L=40mH, cac tham sé khac khéng thay déi, thi théi hang t ciing tang bon Ian. Vi tan sé dGng c&t khGng ddi (IkHz), gid tri cde tH 86: T/t, Tog/t, Too!t giGng nhv trong tring A n thnh phn DC ting tin sO duge wa thich han vi phting php nay cho phép dng m@t cdm khing bé hon, Cdm khang thudng ¢6 Idi sit, duge thiét k€ mang dong dign thudn DC ma khong bj bao hda tit vi thé no 1A thiét bi nang né, cong kénh. e, Su phy thuge vao chu ky lam vige ctia d@ nhip nho ding dign: Thay déi chu ky lam vige 14 phuong phap thye t duge ding dé diéu chinh dong dign trong mot tai. Vi thé ngudi ta ri quan tam dén vige tim cach lim gidm d6 nhap nh6 dong dién dua vao chu ky lam viée ma khéng cin quan tam dén tham s6 mach tai. Dé nhap nho dinh-dinh ciia dong dign viét lai ti (1.2.31) nhu sau: 1 eX +e) (PM eM] (12.33) TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -47-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Trong phusng trinh nay, dai lugng thay déi theo chu ky lim vige 18 s6 tr trong thifa sO thi ba ciia tich ba thita sé (eP"* + &"P'"), DG nhap nhé sé 16n nhat khi dai lugng nay eve tigu. Lay vi phan dai lygng nay theo D va cho bing kh6ng. Tinh ra duge gid tri cia D dé dai long (e+ &™) cute tiéu khi = D (1.2.34) Nint vay, 49 nhap nhé dong di Jén nit khi chu ky Lim vige bling 50%. Day 1a trudng hgp t6i t@ nha va ta sé ding gid tr nay di tinh gid tri cm khang san phing L dé gidi han 46 nhap nhé theo yéu cau, Gid tr eve dai ciia d6 nhaip nho dong : thay Ao (1.2.33): Wy det) RR. inet -b)x(a+b) cho da thife duéi mau: lop = Dang hing ding thite (a” — b?)=1 VY, lee (12.35) R Typ = ‘Thi du minh hoa: Ding cng thife viva tim duge tinh 46 nhap nho dong cho vi du minh hoa cia bai trén, thay céc gid tri thich hop vao (1.2.35) durge: 100 1- ly Két qua nay gidng két qua trén. f. Chon gia tri cam khang mach tai, tn sé déng cat cia chopper dé gidi han d6 nhap nhé dong dign dinh-dinh trong khong cho phép: Tir (1.2.35) 06: (1.2.36) Vai: 1,,R as (1.2.37) v, Lay logarit ty nhién (1.2.36), 06: FL oyplt4 T l-a tan s6 dong cat cia chopper, LIR 1a thi hang mach tai. ‘Thé cde dai lugng nay vao phung tinh trén, ta duge: R = —_ (1.2.38) 2In{( +a) /—a)] Mot ting dung thyc t€ quan trong cita céng thie (1.2.38) 18 gitt 49 nhap nho ding dign thap hon mét gidi han cho phép, bing cach tang cam khang L hodc tang tan sé TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -48-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 chopper. Day 1a ly do b6 bién déi chopper dude thiét ké dé lam viée véi tin sé cao gidm thiéu nhu cau ding cdc cm khang loc. Thi du minh hoa: vin 4p dung cho thi du minh hoa 6 trén, ngu@i ta mong mudn gidi han d9 nhdp nhé ctia dong dign tren kho&ng chu ky lim vige dén 0,2A. Thay cde gid tri bling sO vao (1.2.37) va (1.2.38), e6 a= 0,01 va fL = 125. Vi tham s6 mach tai c6 ),01Henry nén tan sé dong dién thp nhat b6 chopper cin cé dé duy tri d6 nha nhd dong 6 gidi han Ipp = 0,2A 18 £=125/0,01 = 12,5kHz. Néu kha nang ctia chopper chi hoat déng véi tin s# cao nhat dén SkHz, thi dé théa man yi trén, gid tri cfla cdm khang loc phai chon bing: L = UL)fnax = 125/5 = 25 mH. g Hoat dong cia bd chopper khi mach tai cé mét site dién dong nguge: Diéu khién téc 46 d6ng co DC 1a mét tng dung rat quan trong ciia cdc b6 chopper. Trong cdc dang ting dung nay va cdc ting dung ding diéu khién chopper khac, cé thé 6 mét nguén dién ap ngugec nim trén mach tai céng suat ctia b6 bin Adi chopper. Khi mét b6 chopper due ding dé diéu khién téc d6 cla mét dong co DC, dong cd cé mot site dign dong nguge, loai dign 4p cdm tng trong mach d6ng eo do 6 te dO quay. Chopper phai didu khign dong dién ti chay nguge vao so vdi ngudn sic dién dong cdm ting ca déng cd. Trong mét ting dung ding dé nap bin, chopper phai diéu kl dong dién nap theo chiéu nguge lai stfe dién déng b6 nguén bin. Hinh 2.27 trinh bay mét tdi cé mét stic dién d6ng ngwge dude truyén dGng tit b6 chopper. Ta c6 thé phan tich téng quat hoat dong véi loai tai ndy va nit ra cdc quan hé dién 4p, dong dién nhw Gi vdi mét tdi R-L, cdc quan hé ndy sé 4p dung dude cho trudng hop trén néu cho B=0. s, " L vit 7 + R uf E (@) Chopper di6u Khign mot ics (b) mach wong kboiing T. {© mach trong khodng Tor nguén stte dién dong nguge eens Hink 2.27 Tai 6 nguén site dign dng cdm dng TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -49-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 p. Dang song dong dign gidng nhw trén hinh 2.25 (c); ta ¢6 cde tri dinh trong cdc chu ky tuan hodn van 1a 1, va tri day 18 1, Trong suét quang dinh thdi thong (T..), cu hinh mach nhu trén hinh 2.27 (b); phung trinh mae lui sé 18: n Vi =LO+RI+E (1.2.39) dt Diéu kign dau 14 i =I, hic t= 0, chon géc thdi gian tai thdi diém bat déu T... Trong sudt khodng dinh thdi Tor; ta sé chon lai gc thdi gian 1a Iie bat ddu Tor, cu hinh mach trinh bay trén hinh 2.27 (c); phung trinh mae Iwi twong ting 1A: on tee RiteE (12.40) dt ‘Ai hé phutong trinh vi phan (1.2.39) va (1.2.40), cdch gidi twong wy mue d) trang 42, ta dude két qua sau: (2.41) +4 fe (1.2.42) RR lee Véi t = L/R 1A thdi hing mach tdi. Luu ¥ ring hai biéu thite nay c6 thé rit ra dude ty cdc biéu thife déi véi trang thdi xdc lap I, va I, duge rit ra ti tude d6i véi chopper hoat déng véi tdi R-L (khéng c6 nguén stfc dién dgng ngudc) bang cdc cong thém thanh phan dong 4m —E/R. DO nhiip nhé dinh-dinh cita dong dign ra cho bai: Tp = 1-1, Biéu thife nay cing giéng trudng hop ctia tdi R-L. ‘Thi du minh hoa: M6t xe hai sity dung m6t dong co DC dude cp ngudn tit mét ngudn 200V cé tai hoat dong 6 dinh 2kHz. Dién tré ctia dong co 14 0,04 va cdm khéng téng mach O,lmH, G te dG 40dam/gié (64,36km/h), dOng cd tao ra mot site din dOng cm ting 60V. Chu ky lam vige D 14 33,2%. Y Thdi hing mach tli c la = LR =0,1.10°/0,04=2,5.10°s Y Chu ky chopper: T=1/f=5.10%s Y Khodng dinh thdi thong: Toy = DxT = 1,66.10%s Y Khodng dinh thai khéa: 34.10% Toe = (-D)xT = ¥ V,=200V va E = 60V TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -50-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Y Dong dign dinh: Y Dong dign day: Y¥ DO nhap nhé dinh-dinh: I, Y Thanh phan DC dign 4p ngo ra: ~ 1 =221,6A 332x200 = 66,4V ¥ Thanh phan DC dang di Cac ché 6 dong dién lién tuc ‘hi du trén cho thay trong truing hop nay d9 nhdp nhé dong dién dinh-dinh es m6t gid tri rat 1én so vdi thanh phan ding DC, Dé lam gidm dé nhp nh, ta chon hoac 1a m6t tan s6 chopper cao hon hodc 1a tang gid tri cm khang hodc ca hai. Néu gidm cdm khdng, ding di¢n day sé gidm theo va cui cling bing zero; 1am im xudng zero hdn thm chi cdn tude gidm tip L sé lam cho dong din cang mau gi khi khong dinh thdi Ty: hoan tat. Ta c6 thé ki véi gid tr cdm khang lic nay bing 0,06mH va cdc tham s6 khée coi nhu khong déi, Thay gid tri mdi ciia L vao biéu thiéc dong dién dinh va ding day, tinh duge: 1,=347,9A; Iy=-21A ching néu tinh todn lai thi du trén i : Minh 2.28 Ché a6 khong lien Ta tucota dong dign i Dong dién day mang gid tri am, diéu nay thuc ra kh6ng tn tai do su hién dién cia diode S, cung cp mét dudng din lién tuc khi ddng dign mach tai chay nguge. Diode 06 sé khéa tai thdi digm dong trd vé lai gid tri khOng va c6 khuynh huéng dao nguge. Vi vay, phwong trinh mac Idi cho ta gid tri dong 1, khong cho ta gid tri diing Do d6, sau khi dong dign gidm xuGng khOng, n6 duy wi gid ti 6 phan edn lai cia khodng dinh thdi khéa Ty. Dong dign lai tiép tuc tang lén tiy gid tri ban dau zero trong Khodng dinh thi thong T,, ti¢p theo va cho chu ky khée. Dang sng ding dign ti o6 dang nhw trén hinh 2.28, TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -51-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Ta thay ring dong dign chdy trong mach & dang xung va kh6ng lién tye, Ta néi Hing chopper hoat dong trong ché d6 dong tdi khong lién tue. Ché 46 hoat dong nay 1a ngoai ¥ mu6n, dic biét 1a trong diéu khién t6c d6 déng co DC. Ngudi ta néi chung 6 thé tranh due ché 46 hoat déng nay bang cach chon Iya tin sé chopper thich hdp hodc thi hling mach tdi hode ed Diéu kién xudt hién cila ché d6 dong tdi khéng lién tuc c6 thé tim duve bing céch cho I, =0 E 2 1.2.43 Vv, 1-e 8 » Nhu vay mudn biét duge c6 xudt hign ch d9 dong lién tuc khong, ta phai tinh dén cdc thong s6 sau: v Tisé dién ap E/V, Y¥ Tis6 chu ky tudn hoan chopper so vdi thii hing cim khang t =L/R ciia mach tai. Nhiing tham s6 nay x4e dinh chu ky lam vige trong d6 hoat d9ng cia chopper e6 & ché 6 dong tai kh6ng lin tue khong. Thi dy minh hoa: M6t chopper diéu khién mét d6ng cd DC 1am viéc c6 nguén cap 200V, tin sé chopper 2kHz,dign ted mach dng cd 0,20 va cdm Khing 0,2mH. Khi chay & mot t6e 9 da cho 6 site dign déng nguge 150V. Xéc dinh gidi han duéi ciia chu ky Lim viée Doin ( dudi gid tri nay thi dong cd s Qua trinh tinh nhu sau: Y Thdi bling mach tdi: m vige & ché a9 ding tdi khong lign tue) = LR =0,2.10°/0,2 =Ims Y Chuky tuan hoan: T=If= Sms ¥ Tham = 150/200 = 0,75 v Thay nhiing gid tri nay vao digu kién bat dau ciia ché dé dong khéng lién tuc cho bi (1.2.43), xde dinh duge tham s6 cn tinh todn thif hai: Toad = 0,10355 Y Khodng dinh thi khoa Tyee = 0,10355ms Y Khodng dinh thai thong To. Torr = 0,3965ms Y Chuky lam vige gidi han bing Dain = Too = 3965/0, =79,3%. khdo sat If thuyét, ta sé coi nhwt loc phang 1a tuyét d6i. Dang séng cla ding dign trung hop nay nhv trén hinh 2.29, TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -52-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 (b) Dang s6ng dong dién vao i, (©) Dang séng dong whanh is il (a) Chopper digu khién mt ti e6 an st _ i nguin st dign ding ngtc —g (4) Dang s6ng dong dign ti iy inh 2.29 Cée dang sng dong din vi cim khing san ping h. Céic bé loc ngé vao: Vie khdo sat cdc dang s6ng dng dign trén hinh 2.29 cho thay, cho da dang séng dong dign tdi 1 thudn DC trong trvGng hop loc ng ra dat dén 40 ly twOng, dang sing dng dign trade chopper d phan ng6 vao cia n6 €6 thé khong dat. Ta hau ¥ ring dong dign ngs hay ti nguén DC thyc té 1a mét chudi céc xung. Mgt ngudn dign nh vay khéng dap tig dude yéu cdu mét nguén DC, nhv 1a mét bd bin hodc thanh g6p cung cap nguén céng suat DC. Cac bat loi chinh ctia dong dién dang xung nhv thé bao g6m: ¥ Nguén phi diéu khién mét dong dién dinh khd én. Y Tén that cong suat tng trén cdc dung din mang tinh dign 3 do ddng dign higu dung ¢6 gid tri cao hon, Y Nhiéu dign tir do cde thinh phan cao tén trong dong dign va xudng cia cdc xung dong dién. Vi vay ngudi ta mong mudn c6 mét bd loc & ngd vao chopper voi muc dich gitt cho dé nhap nhé dong dién trong nguén DC 6 pham vi chap nhan duge. Minh 2.30_trinh bay mot b6 loc phan ddu vao ciia mOt bd chopper. dinh nhon 1én TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -53-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 B6 loc du vio vi Hinh 2.30 Chopper e6 b loe ngé vo D6i véi bé chopper nay, ta gid sit ring cim khang san phang 6 phia tai tién tdi v6 han, Ta ky higu site di¢n dong nguge 6 phia tai 12 E, N6 bing zero d6i v6i loai tdi Khong c6 site dién dong nguge. BG loc dau vao ciia chopper duge trinh bay trong phan Khung c6 nét dift va. gdm c6 mGt cdm khéng L, va mot dung khang ky hi¢u C,. Ta gid sit ring dng dign tdi duge ky higu bing ip trén hinh c6 thé bd qua thanh phan nhdp nhd. Khi chopper chuyén S, sang trang thi ON, dong dién nay 1a tng cia dong dign dung ic va dong dign nguén DC i). Thanh phan dong dign i, bing ding di¢n chay qua cdm khang L;. Dong dign dung sé c6 huéng nhut trén binh vé, va vi vay tu dign sé mat mO1 ft dign tich trong suét khodng dinh thii mé cia chopper, vdi mgt sut 4p tuong ting dat Ién chopper. DO sut 4p nay sé bé néu tu dién c6 mot gid tri dd ln, Trong suét trang thai khéa (OFF) cia S,, dong din chay trong dién khéng sé lién tue, nhung dong dign hic nay sé 1a dong dién nap cha tw dién. Vi vay, cdn luu ¥ ring tu dién sé nap dién trong suét khodng dinh thi T,r- va phéng dién trong khoang dinh thdi T., cla chopper. Vi vay, ding dién qua tu dign sé 1a dong dign xoay chidu trong qué trinh 1am viée xc lap ctia chopper. Dan dén cé mé6t 46 nhap nhé AC twong ting duge chéng chap trong dign 4p ca tu dign (diGn ap tu dign cing 1a dién 4p dat vio bd chopper). Cac phat biéu trén dting cho chopper khi lam viéc 6 trang thai x4c lap. Truéc khi bat dau hoat déng chuyén mach ciia chopper, cén cé m6t khodng thdi gian thich hgp dé tu dién nap dign day dén gid ui dién 4p ngudn DC Vj. Néu ta bé qua dign tr trong cia cugn day L,, dign 4p ty dign sé c6 cing m6t gid tri DC trong qué tinh lam viée xdc lap cita chopper. Hién nhién tiv thuc té sé khéng cé mét dién dp xdc lap DC trén mét cim khang ly wdng. DO nhp nho ciia dign 4p trén tu dign c6 thé due gitt trong gidi he chap nhn dude théng qua viée chon mét dign dung di 1én C,. MGt diéu may man 6 day 1a tinh kinh t€ ciia vide sit dung m6t tu dign ¢6 gid tri In, vi ta e6 thé ding dén cdc TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM 54PHAN I - CHUONG 2 nn c6 thé chp nhan duge trén cc mach gid tri Jang git do ty dign loai dign phan duge phn eye tf nhi DC. Céc loai ty dign nhu thé 18 ¢6 sin véi cde kich thude gidi han va cho ¢: dign dung 1én, Bing vige ding mot gid tri din dung di 16n, ngudi ta nhap nhé dién ap DC dau vao chopper trong gidi han chap nhan dutge. ‘Thi dy minh hoa: B6 chopper trén hinh 2.30 1am vige 6 tin sO 1kHz va m6t chu ky lam viée 60%. Dién 4p ngudn DC cung c&p 250V. Dong dién tdi dau ra 20A va duge xem nhw phang (vi coi L2 -> ). Cam khang loc dau vao L; duge gid str 1 dti 1én dé loc bé thanh phin nh&p nh6 dong dién nguén ij. Xéc dinh gid tri cua tu dién C, dé git? mite nh&p nhd dinh-dinh cia dign 4p phia du vao cia chopper trong khodng 4% di¢n 4p ngudn DC. ‘4c phan tit mach khdc 1a ly tung. Qué trinh tinh nhu sau: v Dién 4p DC dau ra: V2 = DxV, = 0,6x250 = 150V ¥Y Céng suat dau ra Pz = V2xIz = 150x20 =3000W. Y Do khong tén that (AP=0): P, =P, =3000W Y Dong dign ngudn I, = P/V, =3000/250=12A. Trong suét khoang dinh thdi OFF, I, 1A dong dign nap tu. Y Téng dién tich nap tu dién Cy: Q=TyxT oe = 12x(1-0,6)x10%= 4,8.10° C v 4,8.10°7C, Trong suét quang dinh thdi ON, tu din phong dién. Y Dang dign tw di Io=h~ 1, =20 Lugng dign tich lic phong ra bing Iie nap vao, nén d6 gidm dp V xudt hign trong Khodng dinh thdi ON c6 bién d9 bing d9 ting 4p trong khoang dinh thdi OFF. Y Dign dp nhép nho tren wy [4% 1250 =10V Khoang dign ap nhp nhé dinh-dinh nay tong ting ty 18 vai lugng dign tich phong nap trén ty loc (Q=C x U). Y Gid tri C; tinh nhy sa 48.10°/C; = 10 > C,=480pF. Nhin xét: gid trj clm khang loc tinh & trén 18 gia tri xdp xi vi ede phan tit mach duge gid thiét 1a IY tng va coi nhw khOng c6 nhap nho dong dign phia tdi va ngudn, Cae gid thigt nay chi gidp tinh toan cba ta mau hon, M6t gid tri cAng In ctia C, sé 1am a6 nhé dign dp thap hon. Luu ¥ ring dign dp nap nh6 tén ty dign cing 1a dign 4 nhap nho trén cm khang loc L vi m6t dau ciia cugn cdm duge ndi vao mot ngudn ap DC (duge xem 18 e6 dinh, khng nhdp nh6). Do d6, vide sit dung mOt ty dign cang 1én sé tong ting Lim gidm dong dign nhdp nhé dau vao (tinh toan trén ta gid thiét khong tn tai nhdp nhé ciia dong dign). BG chopper Ii tung c6 céc b6 Ic c& hai ngd vao-ra: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM 55PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Mach chopper trén hinh 2.31 ¢6 hing s6 thi gian mach tai duge xem 1a vay dong dign tai dutge xem 14 khéng nhdp nh6. Cam khang loc L; va dién dung loc C, trén ng dau vao duge coi 1a rat 16n, vi vay dong dién nh&p nhé ciia nguén dau vao va dién 4p nhp nhé cia chopper ngé vao dugc bé qua. én, vi Ly nn | ts —-1 J, s, Vt no 1 " Ap —mm— vi oD Vo SAY Tai + { Is Hinh 2.31 Chopper e6 bé loc ly ting cae ng vao-ra Véi cdc gid thiét nay, chopper sé lam vige nhu mot may bién 4p gidm ap ly wong cho dién DC gidng nhu mgt may bién ap gidm 4p ly tung dign AC. Céc quan hé twong ting gitta cdc dai Ivgng phan so va thif cap nhu sau: Ti s6 bién dp V/V, =D TisObiGn dong Cong sudt di Vi Ti sé bién dp cla may bién dién 4p DC ciia ching ta cé thé thay déi trong pham vi ti khong dén m6t nh¥ mt phusng ph4p don gidn : thay déi chu ky lam viée D cita chopper (md hinh mach thi cong cia ta sé lam viée theo phuang phdp nay), Cée ding dign va dign 4p ma ta quan tam duge ky higu bing cdc ky higu thich hgp trén hinh 2.31 va dang sng cia ching duge trinh bay trén hinh 2.32, Cac dang séng nay gém cac ding dién chay qua cdc linh kién chuyén mach (van c6 diéu khién S, va van khong diéu khién S,) va cdc dién dp trén chting. Cac dang s6ng dong dién va é chuyén mach cn thié inh kign sé duge chon cho mach chopper. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -56-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 inh 2.32 Céie dang séng ella chopper gidm ip e6 b6 loc ly tating & ede ng vas Luu ¥ ring céc dang s6ng trén hinh gan véi céc gia thiét ly wéng. Théng thudng khi chon linh kign ban dan nén chon mét dinh mic dién ap va dinh mie dong dién tung d6i 1én hon tinh todn, nhu vay hé s6 an toan sé cao én. Hé sé an toan vé dién ap cao dé chong cée gai qué dp xuat hi¢n trong qué trinh qué d9 ca chuyén mach. Tuong ty hé sO an toan cho dong dign dé chdng qué dong gay di cde trang thai bit thudng, qué ti, vv... Cae dinh mite dong dign phu thuge cach gidi nhigt cho linh kign, 46 12 loai bén nhiét ding kém theo né. ‘Thi dy minh hoa: M6t chopper If twSng hinh 2.31 c6 V, = 100V, V> = 60V, Ip = 10A. Ta tinh toan ¢ thong s@ c6 lién quan dén mach nhu sau: ¥ Chuky lim vig: ~— D=V,/V, = 60/100 = 0,6 ¥ Ding dién dau vao: I, = Dxl, = 0,6x10 = 6A. Y Gig tri trung binh cia Isr 18 «3 Tz x Tuy/T = 10%0,6 =6A Gi tri trung binh ctia Is,’ 1 I? x Tyy/T = xl,” > ti higu dung ciia dong Is, TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -57-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Y Gi tri trung binh cita Igo 1a Ty x Tyg/T = 10«(1-0,6) =4A Gi tri trung binh cila Igy 12 I? x Ty/T =I x (1-D) => tri hiéu dung cia ding Iso 1a Vi-D x1, = 41 6 x10 = 6,3A cia van $; 18 V, = 100V va dign 4p dinh thuan tri dinh trang thai x: ngudc xdc lap 1a OV. Y Dién 4p thuan tri dinh trang thai xdc lap ctia van S; 14 OV va dién Ap nguoc tri dinh xc lap etia van S, 1a V; = 100V. Y Dang séng ding dién vao tu loc C, : —h YY St Ic] T fre] { oA WW \ i 4a (a) (b) Minh 2.33 Dang sng dong dign ty dign C Dong dién vao tu dign I. bang hiéu gitfa déng dién nguén mét chiéu DC I, va dong dign chuyén mach chopper Is; [xem hinh 2.33 (a)] Trong khodng dinh th3i Tyo, I Trong khodng dinh th3i Tus I Ie Nhan xét; dong dign vao tu dign 12 mot thinh phan AC 6 trang thai xe lap. 4, Chopper ting ap a, Cau hinh mach tai Cau hinh mach chopper ting dp biéu din én hinh 2.34, TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -58-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Hinh 2.34 Chopper tng ép c6 b6 loc Su khéc nhau ciia hai cu hinh ting 4p va gidm 4p 1a trong chopper ting 4p, cdc vi tri cia diode c6ng suat va linh kién chuyén mach c6 diéu khién duge hon vi cho nhau. Cfch goi tén cho céc linh kign hic nay nhut trén hinh 2.34. Dé diéu khién mét chopper tang 4p, van c6 diéu khién ky hiéu S$, ln Ivot théng va khéa tin so chopper duge chon theo kiéu nhu ela b9 gidm dp. Ti s6 ting ap duge xc dinh béi chu ky chuyén mach. Trén hinh 2.34, cng nim phan hinh bé & day 1a mot ngudn cao hon V; nam 6 phan hinh bén tréi. Chopper ding dé tang dp cap ngudn sang 4p ngo ra. Trén hinh cing cé mt mach loc gidng véi mach loc da duge trinh bay nim é phan clia chopper gidm dp phan trén. Mach loc nay g6m cé cac phan ti C, va L; cting duge ding 6 phin cao 4p. Nhung chi khéc 6 day 1a phan cao 4p lai tré thanh tdi. Dong dién qua mach loc nay chiy vao tdi sé lam gidm duge d@ nhap nhO. Ta cling gid thiét ring tri di én a8 loc bd thanh phan nhap nhé cia dong Phan hinh bén phi cing cdn m@t cim khang ky higu bing Lz, muc dich cita né Jam cu6n san phang dat 6 phan ap thap giéng chopper gidm ap c6 cim khéng san phang 6 dau ra cing dat 6 phan 4p thap dé lam bang d6 nhap nhé dong. N6 1a mot yeu cau thiét y€u cho hoat déng cia b6 chopper ting dp. Trong ché d6 tang 4p, cuén Ly hoat déng nhu mét hé chifa ning lwgng tam thdi, lay nang Ivong t¥ nguén DC trong khodng dinh thdi T,, va truyén lai ning lugng dé cho nguén cé di ip cao hon trong Khoang dinh thdi Tye. N6 ding dé san phing 6 nhdp nh6 cia dong dién 3 phin dign 4p thp (phan 4p thap trong trudng hgp ting 4p 1 ngo vao bo chopper). Ding mét tri L) dii In thi dong dién nguén dau vao sé khéng bi nh&p nh6, Phan dién tré cia Lz, cia nguén, ciia day dan cOng chung lai, ta ky hiéu bing Ro. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -59-JH, pun 1- cnvone 2 b. Phin giai tich bO chopper tang 4 Dé don gidn, ta c6 mét sé gid thi ‘4c phén wr mach 1a ly twéng va Y Phin p cao c6 mach loc ly tung (Ly va C, di lén); Y Chuky lam vige cia chopper kh6ng déi (D = const); Y Mach chopper dang lam vige Gia tri L; 1dn dé bd qua d6 nhap nh6 dong dién tai. Vi vay, néu tai mang tinh dién 1rd, dign 4p trén n6 ky higu bling V, nhw hinh 2.34 sé kh6ng déi. Mat khéc, chinh V, cling c6 thé 12 mét nguén 4p nhu 1a mét bé bin cén duoc nap dién. Dién 4p trén tu loc sé c6 bién dG DC 1a Vj, vi khi x: th) cugn cam ly twang L» due xem nhv bi ngén mach. NEw C, rt 16n thi 49 nhdp nho dign ap trén n6 eting o6 thE duge bd qua. Do As, dign dp phn mach tdi c6 thé duge thay thé bing mt ngudn 4p kh6ng déi V, va khi d6 mach duge vé lai don gian hon nhv trén hinh 2.35 sau: inh 2.35 Chopper ting dp lam vige vi phén dp cao 18 mot nguén DC of dink. Cau hinh mach trong cc khoang dinh thoi Toy va Tost: ¢. Thanh phan mt chiéu cia dong ngé vao: (phin 4p thp) Hinh 2.36 (a), trinh bay c@u hinh mach trong khoang dinh thdi thong T., cla chopper. Dign 4p dat len van e6 diéu khién S2 bing khong, va nhw vay van khOng diéu khién diode S, bi phan cue nguge bdi nguén V, va do dé sé khda dudng [rong suét khong dinh thdi nay, dong dign ting lén trong cdm khdng dat tdi bién d6 dinh ky higu bing I, déng nghia véi viée nguén dp Vs nap nang lugng cho cugn cdm Ly. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -60-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 (b) Mach trong qué tinh dinh thi Tur Minh 2.36 Cée edu hinh mach chopper trong cc khodng dinh thd Tuy va Toe Cau hinh mach trong khodng dinh thi Ty trinh bay & phan hinh 2.36 (b). Khi chopper dinh thdi khéa (OFF), ding dign trong L suy gidm dé tao ra dign ap Ldi,/dt trén né. Lugng dién dp nay cing chiéu véi nguén Vs , cOng lai sé phan cue thuan cho van khong diéu khién $, va thong n6. Dong dién sé chdy vao phan dié: cao va nhu vay sé truyén cOng sudt cho phan dign ap cao tit phan c6 dign ap thip. Trong khoang thdi gian nay, dng dién suy gidm dén bién d6 day ky hiéu bing I,. dua vao cdc théng sé mach va chu ky lam viéc, ding dién sé gidm vé khong tham chi con true c& hic khong dinh thoi Ty; k6t thiic. Trong trudng hop nay dong dién chy trong nguén ap Vs sé khéng lién tuc. G day ta chi xét tru8ng hgp dong lién tue, phan khéng lign tye sé trinh bay trong phdn khie, bén dutdi. Tisé bién dign ap: Dang s6ng dién dp xuat hién trén hai dau cue YZ dude chi trén hinh 2.37 TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -61-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 HMinh 2.37 Dang song dign dp trén cée eve YZ phn dp thaip Dya theo cée mé td 4 wén, trong khodng dinh thdi T,,, diGn 4p ¢6 bién d6 bing zero. Trong khoing dinh thii T,;, do dong dién chy lién tye qua diode, dign 4p sé bang Vj. Ta thy ring dién 4p wén eye YZ phan 4p thap c6 dang chudi xung. Dang séng nay gém mét thanh phan DC va m6t thanh phan nh@p nh6, D6 nhap nhé sé bi loc bé khi qua cdm khang L». Thanh phan DC dugc ky higu bing V2 va cdch tinh toan 1a lay 46 cao trung binh ciia dang song trén hinh 2.37 nhu sau: Vay, x U-D) (1.2.44) Ton +T og Vi vay ti 86 bin ddi dign 4p ky higu bang a cia chopper, duge xée dinh bing dign dp ngé ra trén dign 4p vao nhu sau: Yo TD V5 (1.2.45) Phyong trinh (1.2.45) cho thay vé thich hgp sé digu chinh duge lign tue t =). Cée quan hé dong dign etia chopper ting 4p: Xét mach xdc lap, ch€ d9 dong dién tdi lién tuc. Phuong trinh mée lu6i trong khodng dinh thdi T,, [xem hinh 2.36 (a)] Ia: Lx +Rixiy = Vs (1.2.46) it Diéu kién dau : i, =I, tai t = 0, va chon gGc thdi gian 1A Nic bat dau Ty. Phuong trinh méc luéi trong khodng dinh thdi Tyre [ hinh 2.36 (b)] Lx + Roxip = Vs — Vi (12.47) khi diéu chinh chu ky lim viée bign déi dign dp tir mOt (D = 0) dén v6 han Diéu kign dau: iy = I, tai t= 0, va chon gée thdi gian 1 Ide bét ddu khodng dink thai Tos I, val, 1A cde bid dinh va day cla dong dign TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -62-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Gidi phuong tinh (1.2.46) vi digu kign ddu da Fede xetle (1.2.48) cho VA L= Ty 66: Gidi phuong trinh (1.2.47) véi diéu kin dau cho tai t = Ty 6: Ta ae 1 ce" (12.49) Trong d6, t = L/Rp . Gidi hé hai phuong trinh (1.2.48) va (1.2.49) ta duge: Nye (1.2.50) 2.51) Minh 2.38 Dang séng ding dign ip n hinh 2.38, D6 nhp nh6 dinh-dinh ciia dong dign ng vao i, cho béi Tp =Ip— lv Thay gid tri Ip va I, trong cOng thite (1.2.50) va (1.2.51) vao dutge: u [dee M(t ee OOTY] (12.52) R, Ine DO nhap nhé dng dign dinh-dinh phn 4p thap cia bo chopper ting 4p trong cOng thife (1.2.52) gidng hoan toin céng thifc tinh 4} nhdp nhé dong dign dinh-dinh phn ap thp cila b} chopper gidm 4p [eng thife ([.2.33) trang 46] Vi cdc biéu thtfe dé tinh 46 nhép nhé dong dién I,, gidng nhau a6i vdi dong dién nhap nhé phan dién ap thap ciia cd hai b6 chopper loai tang ap va gidm 4p, hai quan hé khée duge rit ra dua theo Ip, cia bG chopper gidm 4p cling twang ty cho b> chopper ting ap. D6 1a: Y Chu ky lam vige D ma tai dé dong dign nhdp nh6 dat eve dai, D = 50% [xem Ong thie (1.2.34) trang 46]; Y Gid tri cue dai cila d@ nhdp nh6 dong dign nay cing duge cho cing mét cOng thie (1.2.35) trang 47 nhut sau : Tp vy, ner d. Thanh phan DC ctia dong dign ngé vao: (phin dién dp thap) TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -63-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Ding dign ng vao duge cung cap bi ngudn dp Vs dao dOng gitta bien a9 dinh I, cho béi cOng thie (1.2.50) va bién 49 day cho bi (1.2.51). Mét dang s6ng dién hinh duge tinh bay trén hinh 2.38 3 trén, Dong dign nay e6 mot thank phin DC va mgt thanh phan nhap nh6. Thanh phan dong nh@p nh6 xuft hién vi trén thue t€ chi cé cam Khéng mang gid ti hu han & phan dign dp thap. Cac cOng thife (1.2.50) va (1.2.51) duge rit ra dya trén mot gid trj hu han ela Lp. Thanh phdn mong mudn cia ta 18 thanh phn DC. N6 c6 thé tinh ra duge bling céch lay a6 cao trung binh cla dang song wén hinh vé 2.38 thong qua vige tinh tich phan céc biéu thie thich hgp. M6t each thife don gidn dé tim thanh phan DC 1a ding nguyén ly chdng chap, ta sé bat ddu nhu sau: ‘Thanh phan DC cia dién dp xudt hién trén hai dau ngé vao YZ 1a V2= Vi x (1-D) (1.2.44) Vi vay dong dign DC I; duge tinh bing: Vs 1 h= x[V5— Vix(1-D)] (12.53) Thi dy minh hoa: M6t bd de quy cho xe hoi ¢6 dign 4p 120V. Xe hoi duge truygn dong bing mot dong cd DC diing didu khign chopper. trd mach dng cd: 0,20. Trong qua trinh ham, cau hinh bd chopper chuyén sang lam viéc 6 ché 46 tang dp. Khi xe hoi dang chay xuGng m6t con déc $ mét te d6 ndo dé, site dign dOng cm tng trong may dién 1 110V va ding ham 1a 10A. Gia thiét ché d6 lam viéc dong dién lién tuc. Xéc dinh chu ky lam vige chopper nhu sau: Y Thanh phan DC eda dign dp trén hai eye YZ kg higu bling V> 18: Vo = Vs ~ Rox Tim = 110 ~ 0,210 =108V Y Theo c6ng thite (1.2.44) thi V> bing V2 =(1-D)xV, Y Chu ky lam viéc D xac dinh tir dang thit 108 1-D)x120 => D=10 e. Hoat dng cia chopper tang dp trong ché d6 dong dién kh6ng lién tus Khi phan dign 4p thap c6 cdm khang nhé thi dong dign ngd vao c6 thé sé vé kh6ng truéc khi khoang dinh thdi OFF két thic. Diéu kién xdc dinh nguGng cia ché dd dong khong lién tue sé xudt hién lic ndo nin sa Cho dong dién day bing kh6ng réi rit ra c4p tham sO ging nhv 3 phan dong khéng lién te eita chopper gidm 4p. Tr L251) v: (12.54) ‘Thi dy minh hoa: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -64-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 G vi du trén, Itc nay ta thay 4éi cim khang téng céng phin mach 4p thap (bao g6m ca cam khang d6ng co va mach loc) xuGng con 300uH. Tan sé chopper 1a 1kHz. Ta tinh todn cho mach nay theo tig diéu kign nhu duéi day: Y Dign Ap cim tng vin 1a 110V nhv thi du trén, trong su6t qué trinh ham tai sinh, x4e dinh ngudng chu ky lim vige (néu thap hon tri nay dong c¢ sé 1am vige trong ché dG T=1f= 10" a/R = 0,3.10°/0,2 =1,5.10°s Vs =110V, V, = 120V Thay cde gid tri nay vao cng thife (1.2.54), ta 06: Tor = 8,86.104s Suy ra chu ky lim vige ngu@ng 1a: Dong dign ham lie nay tinh nhu sau: V> = V, x (1-D) = 120x(1-0,114) = 106,3V Vs—V2 _ 110-106 02 hin xét: nhu vay, so véi vi dy trén khong 6 dé cap dén tin s6 déng eft efla chopper thi dé tha man duge ché 46 dong lién tuc thi chopper trong thi du trén can c6 tin sé dong edt cao hon. Y Néu bay gid khong ham mA ta truyén dong cho dong ed (chopper hoat dong gidm 4p). Ta sé tinh nguGng xuat hién ché d6 dong khong lién tuc hic ni Khi truyén déng, chopper hoat déng & ché d6 gidm dp. Trung hdp nay nguGng xudt hign cita ché d6 dong dign tdi khGng lién tye xée dinh theo cOng thife (1.2.43), va site dign dong nguge lve nay E = Vs Vivay: 110 _ 120 thife trén, ta 6: Tote = 6,2.10% Toy = 10° - 6,2.10° = 9,38.10%8 Vay ngudng xudt hign ché a} dong khong ign tue khi tuyén dng a: D=0,938/1 = 93,8%. Thanh phin DC cla dong din d6ng c¢ tai chu ky 1am vige nay 1 TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -65-PHAN I - CHUONG 2 Dx120-110 R 02 f. Anh huéng cda tén sé chopper dén su xudit hién cia ché 46 dong khong lién tue trong d6ng co: Ta lu ¥ ring c6 thé 1am gidm chu ky lim vige thap hon va dong din ham thap hon ma khéng gp phai ché d6 dong khong lién tc néu ting tin sO déng ct va ede diéu kign khéc khong thay déi, Ché d@ wuyén ddng vin ding khi dp dung cae nay. Ta 6 thé lim gidm chu ky lam vie trong ché d9 nay cing nhu lim gidm dong dién én dong cho déng cd ma khéng gip phai ché 46 ddng khéng lién tue. Vi ti s'T/r c6 mit trong biéu thife tinh chu ky 1am viée nguGng nén viée tang thdi hing ciing c6 tac Ong hét nhu khi ting tan s6 chopper. ‘Thi du minh hoa: Ciing thi du tén, cdc thong sé khdc khong thay adi, tdin sf chopper ting lén 6kHz. Ta tinh lai cdc két qua phan trén nhu sau: Y Chu ky tuén hoan: T = I/f = 1/6000 =0,1667ms Thay gid tri 6 vao (1.2.54) 6: qs = 12,8A. Tyr = 0,1520ms Ton = 0,1667 ~ 0,1520 = 0,0147ms Y Chu ky lam vige ngudng: D =Toq/T = 0,0147/0,1667 = 8,82% Ta 6: V2=V, x (1-D) 20 x (1-0,0882) =109,42V V,—V, _110-109,42 R 0.2 Y Trong qué trinh truyén dng, chopper hoat dong 3 ché hign ché do ddng khong lign tue xde dinh theo (1.2.43): => ls 2,98 19 gidm dp. Ngudng xudt Tal eT Vy Ine Thé s6 vio phudng trinh nay c6: Tose = 1,3203.10°s Ton = T-Toir =0,1667 — 1,3203.10° =0,1535ms => D=Tyq/T = 0,1535/0,1667 = 92,08% Y Thanh phan DC cia dong di¢n dGng co tai chu ky 1am vige nay 12 yo Vz — Bx120-110 R 02 g. Cac dang séng cia chopper ting Ap khi cé cée b6 loc trén hai ngé vao-ra: Trong cdc tinh todn ciia ta cho bd chopper ting 4p, ta da gid thiét ring mach loc L-C 1a ly wong 6 phan cao 4p (ng6 ra) nhung lai mot gid wi hitu han ca cdm khéng san phing phan dién dp thap (ngo vao). Ta c@ ¥ thy hi TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM - 66 - = 2,48A diéu nay nhim nbn manhPHAN I - CHUONG 2 sit xudt hign cilia ché a9 dong dign li¢ 4 khong lin tue 6 phan ap thap cila bo chopper khi hoat dong 6 cd hai ch d6 gidim ap va ting dp. Ta cUing mun nhdin manh vé sy xudt hign thanh phn nhdp nh6 ding dign & phan 4p thap va sv phy thude cba né vao cdm khang san phang hoac tin s6 chopper hoac ca hai. Trong céc ting dung truyén dong phudng tién giao thong ding chopper, déng cd truyén dong nim 6 phan dp thap ic quy nim & phin cao 4p. Ta cé thé chuyén déi qua lai giita hai ché d6 truyén dong im tong ting véi hoat dong gidm 4p cia chopper khi ding né dé diéu tu khign phvong tién giao thong. Dé 6 thé hoat déng tét 3 cd hai ché dd thi ngudi ta cin phai cé cdm khang san phing phil thap di 1én. Bé bé dc quy phan cao dp chopper, ngudi ta phai cé mach loc L; va C; di lén. Khi quan tim dén cdc nhan t6 nay, ta sé khdi phai dé ¥ dén céc gid thiét mach phai ly tuGng hay khong tri khi duge nhc ti. Ta chi gid thiét cdc linh kién chuyén mach 1a ly twéng va nhv vay thi khéng c6 t6n that trong mach chopper. Khi da c6 nhting chopper lf tung nhu thé thi vige ting dung né cho céc digu khign phusng tign giao thong sé rit higu qui, dong dign nguén DC va dong dign déng co hic nay kha phang va gan nhu khong 6 dgn song Cong sudt phan cao Ap 1a Vil, cOng sudt phan dp thap 18 VoIy. Thyc hién dang tri hai thanh phan ta dude quan hé dong dién trong b6 chopper tang ap Il, = 1-D. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -67-Chuong 3 Chung 4 Chugng 5 Chuong 6 PHANIT PHANII THIET KE MACH PHAN CUNG A. sopd B. CHUC NANG CUA TUNG BO PHAN ©. HOAT BONG CUA SO DO PHAN MEM ASSEMBLER D. GIALTHUAT BE. CHUC NANG CUA TUNG CHUONG TRINH CON F (CHUONG TRINH PHAN MEM VISUAL BASIC G._ NHIEM VU CUA PHAN MI A Ht HOAT DO: JONG TRINH 4 CHTHICONG K. GIAO DIEN DIEU KHIEN TREN MAY TINH. -68-PHAN II - CHUNG 3 _Chudng 3 MACH PHAN CUNG TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -69-PHAN II - CHUNG 3 ASO DO: (Hinh 3.1) Hinh 3.1 So dé mach thi cng. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -70-PHAN II - CHUONG 3 DANH SACH CAC THANH PHAN: Thit t¢ | __ Séluong ‘M6 ta link kign o1 1 IC, AT89CS1, Microcontroller 02 1 12MHz Crystal 6 10uF Capacitor 04 4 Led 7 doan’ 05 4 BIT, 2N1015,PNP 06 1 IC, ADCO809 1 IC, 7447 08 1 IC, 74393, 09 1 IC, MAX232 10 1 IC, LM7805 n_ | 1 BIT, 2N1061, NPN 12 1 Bign tr 10KQ. 13 1 Cau chinh hu diode 14 2 Led thu-phat 15 2 Dau néi DB-9 (dye, cai) 16 5 Tu dign 10nF Dign 3 4700 Diégn tr 10K Dign 3 47KOQ Dign tr 1KO Dign tr 4K7 Nat reset Role 5V 8 chin Tu loc ngudn, 2200uF 25V Diode 1N4007, chéng ap nguge Tu dign 30pF BUT, 2N2222, NPN BJT, D468, NPN DC Motor 6V Dia CD, duc 20 16, duige gén ding truc dng eo TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -11-PHAN II - CHUNG 3 B—CHUC NANG CUA TUNG BO PHAN: Hinh 3.2 Céu tric mach mguén. Cung cap nguén nuéi cho mach thi céng. Khéi nguén dude thiét cung c&p mifc dién ap dn dinh 5V_ cho mé hinh. M6t biGn dp 110V/220V sang 6V/9V/12V khoang 1A; mét cau chinh Ivu 1A; tu dién nguén 2200uF 25V va IC én dp 7805. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -l-PHAN II - CHUNG 3 a KHOI GIAO TIEP MAY TINH: Hinh 3.3 Khéi giao tiép PC-KIT Thiét lap quan hé giao tiép véi may tinh. Khéi dude thiét ké nhim mé réng kha nang diéu khién cho kit. Mach giao tiép 3 day don gidn chi e6 ddu cdm day va b> IC max232 va tu dign lim wtong thich dign ap gitta hai don vi giao tip 18 may tinh (~12V) va kit (~SV). Hai khdi giao tiép nhau qua hai dung truyén nhGn va phat, ngoai ra day masse duge n6i chung. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -B-PHAN II - CHUNG 3 a KHOI VI DIEU KHIEN AT89CS1: Hinh 3.4 Khéi diéu khién AT89CS51 ic ché d9 1am vige ella dOng ed va ton bO moi hoat dong : diéu khién déng co chay 6 téc d6 mong m hoat dng mach hién thi led, do tdc 46, giao tiép vi may tinh. Khéi gém c6 IC AT89CS1, mach tao xung va mach reset. Trung tim diéu khién do chiéu, him ngugc, diéu khién TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -T4-PHAN II - CHUNG 3 a KHOIDAT TOC BO TREN KIT: Hinh 3.5 Kh6i dat 6c d6 trén KIT. Khdi didu khién te a9 d9ng co bing tay nim trén kit. Khéi gdm c6 IC ADCO809 lam chife ning chinh 1a chuyén déi tong tu/sd, 74LS393 tao xung nhip cho ADCO809 va bién trd dat téc dé dé chon mtfc dién 4p cho ADCO809. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -75-PHAN II - CHUNG 3 a KHOIHIEN THI: Hinh 3.6 Khéi hién thi t6c d6 do. Ding dé hign thi te d6 do duge cita dgng es trong m6 hinh mach thi c6ng. Kh6i gdm IC 7447 lim nhigm vy gidi ma BCD sang bay doan, bén led bay doan, bon transistor A1015 kéo dong cho bén led bay doan logi anode chung, bay di¢n han ding cho bay dau vao a, b, c,d, e, f va g (khOng vé trén hinh ) va bg dign tré phan cue transistor. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -76 -PHAN II - CHUNG 3 a KHOIMACH DONG CO: Hinh 3.7 Kh6i mach d6ng cv. Khdéi nay gdm mach dong lye cung ep cOng suat cho dOng cd. BO phn cdm bién t6c d6 sit dung kém theo 1 mét dia CD-ROM cé duc 15 va cap led thu-phat. Mét thanh phan nifa la relay tam chan cho muc dich dao chiéu d6ng co ding transistor D468 dé digu khign, Xem chi tiét trong phan phu luc. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -77-PHAN II - CHUNG 3 C—HOAT DONG CUA SO BO: 1, Cée bude chudn bj: v Kiém tra néi day; ¥ Kiém tra ndi nguér Y Chinh bién td dat te d6 vé zero dé dGng co khong chay khi mdi cp ngudn. 2. Hoat dng ctia sd dé: Sau khi cap nguén cho mach hoat dng, trang thai cia cdc khGi trén nhw sau: ¥ Kh6i nguén cho ra dién dp SV 6 ng6 ra. Y Khéi giao tiép may tinh 6 trang thai ch. Y Khéi vi diéu khién ATS9CS1 thuc thi chugng trinh duge nap véi cdc diéu kién dau 1a We a} dat bing zero, te 4} do xu ra led 1a KhOng, wo xung khdi dng cho ADCO809. Y Khéi dat téc d6 trén kit, Itic dau vi chva dat téc d6 nén d6ng cd kh6ng chay. Y Kh6i hién thi hién bén sé khong. v Khéi mach déng co hé mach. bé khién dong co chay 6 téc dé mong muén, chinh bién trd dat tc 46 theo chidu ting dign 4p. ATS9CS1 trong qué tinh thwe thi chwong trinh sé ep nhat te a9 vir ADC0809, so sinh t6e d} cap nh§t véi te dd tude d6, nu c6 sy thay déi, né sé uy d6ng cAp nhat vao 6 nhé téc dé chudn, sau d6 sé diéu khién phat xung dinh thdi, ting u 6 dn hon te d§ do, cho ti khi bing nhau va nguge lai gidm dinh thdi mic 1 khi te d@ chudn bé hon tc d6 do. Vige ving hay gidm khodng dinh thdi tun thd luat: Iugng ting khodng dinh thoi mite nay déng thi di kém gidm mot lugng wong tng khoang dinh thdi mite kia, Sau khi tinh toan lwgng chénh léch giifa téc dé chudn va téc dé do, ngdt do b6 inh thd timer 0 n ‘thién, ATS9CS1 sé kiém tra bit du (trong chung trinh 1a bit dinh dja chi OOH) dé xac dinh b> dém timer 0 dang dinh thdi trong khodng dinh thdi mite 1 ( néu ndi dung 00H bing 1) hay mife 0 ( néu n6i dung OOH bing khéng) Néu dang dinh thdi mite 1 thi x6a OOH, nap ngi dung trong 6 nhé gid tri dinh thoi mite 0 vao timer 0 va cho chay. NGu ngdt ciia timer 0 chua can thigp thi AT89CS1 sé xudt We dO do duge ti b> cdm biGn t6e 49 (CD-ROM va cap led thu-pht) cho kh6i hién thi. Trong chung trinh thye thi cia ATS9CS1, ta sit dung ba ngdt c6 d6 wu tién theo thi tf gidm dan 1A Timer 0, ngat ngoai 0, ngdt do port ndi tip. Negat ngoai 0 sé lam vige vdi d@ wu tien xép sau ngdt do timer 0, néu timer 0 tan y ngdt thi ngdt ngoai 0 sé chi va thye thi sau dé. Ngdt ngoai 0 sé lién tue ting 6 TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -78-PHAN II - CHUNG 3 0 chan /INTO cia AT89CS51. O nhé te a9 bi nhé t6e 49 mdi khi c6 xung canh am a x6a méi khi timer 0 gity ngit. Tigp theo 14 ngat do port ndi tiép va cach dat te dO cho dng co tir may tinh, é ta chon tée d§ mong muén, nhan ntt Start, thie qué trinh nban dif ligu ti kit ngdt. Ngdt do port ndi tiép c6 49 wu tién thit ba sau timer 0 va ngdt ngoai 0, Di ligu dau tién khi nhap cdu dio chiéu hay khéng. Nu phat hign dif ligu vita nhn duge tiy may tinh 1A tin higu yéu edu dao chigu thi AT89C51 sé diéu khign dao chidu dng co va thodt khéi ché 49 ngat port néi tig. 1énh yéu cau kh6ng phai 1a dao chiéu, t6c d6 dat tiv may tinh sau dé sé dude kiém tra xem c6 thay déi so véi t6c 46 hién hanh hay khéng. Trung hop khéng thay di sé phan hdi téc d6 cho may tinh. Trudng hgp khac khi t6c dé dat khéc t6c d6 chudn, téc 46 chudn sé bi thay th® bing chinh tc 49 méi é két thic qué trinh ngat ciia port néi isp, ATS9CS1 sé phan hdi te d6 hign hanh cho may tinh, Qué trinh dinh théi cho ding co chay sé ging nhut cia ADCO809 TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -79-PHAN II - CHUONG 4 _— Chung 4 PHAN MEM ASSEMBLERPHAN II - CHUONG 4 D—GIAI THUAT: Tén luu dé Bang danh sach cdc luu dé giai thuat duc sit dung: TIMER 0_ISR Trinh phuc vu ngat do Timer 0 INTO_ISR. ‘Trinh phuc vu ngit do dém t6c 46 SP_ISR, Trinh phue wy ngat do port ni ip MAIN ‘Chacng inh chink HIENTHITOCDO __ Hién thi we a6 do DELAYMS ‘Lam tré 1 mili gidy BINTOBCD ‘Dai s6 nj phn 16-bit thank mi BCD nén DIV_16.8 ‘Chia s6 nj phiin 16 bit cho 96 8-bit Chit nang cdc 6 nhé duge ding trong chung trinh: 6 nhé Chite nang 7FH Byte cao eba gis tr Khoding dinh thoi mite 1 (byte cao eba Ty) 7EH ‘Byte thfp cila gid tr] Khong din thiti me I (byte thip ela Ty) 7DH Byie cao ela gist] Khoding dinh thai mile 0 (byte cao ela T,) 7CH ‘Byte thifp cila gid tr] khong dinh thii mic 0 (byte thp cba T.) 7BH 'BG thd ep ahi tWe d6 do theo chu ky lam vige ela Timer 0 (-5Oms) TAH ‘© nhé t6e 6 do (cp nhlt gidn tiép qua TBH) 79H ahd te a6 chun 78H ‘© nh lim téc d6 dat ca may tinh (cAp nbat gidn tiép qua 76H) 77H ‘6 nhé him te d6 at ela ADCO8O9 (ep nha gién tigp qua 75H) 76H ‘© nhé cA abat we 06 dat tr ma 75H ‘O ahd chp abit we d6 die tx ADCOROO 74H ‘Tung i thanh ghi RT BH Ting Wy than ghi RO Chife nang thanh ghi trong bank thanh ghi default: Thanh ghi Chute natn; R2 ‘Be dim s6 Hin dich bit Khi chia s6 16-bit cho 86 8-bit R3 ‘BE phat hign tn bigu you chu dio chiGu ding eo RS TLAm bg dm trong chutingtrinh con DELAYMS RG ‘© dang nbi phan chia byse th’p, BCD di chia hing chye-ddn vi ela gid wi We 06 do R7 ‘G dang nbi phan chia byte cao, BCD thi chia hing ngin-tram cia gid wi te 66 do TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -81-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 = TIMER 0_ISR TIMER 0_ISR: PUSH AG CLR_ TRO. Yes ¥ Boe te 46 tir ADC vio 6 nhé 75H x No GSH) + 77H) Mey Yes Xéa bit du: OOI1 = HO ¥ Nap (TDH) vao THO Nap (7CH) vio TLO Xéa bit P3.7 Nap (75H) vio (77H) Nap (75H) vio (79H) skip 4: Khai dng ADCO809 Nap (7BH) vio (TAH) Xa (BH) Set bit dau: OOF = #1 Nap (7FH) vao THO Nap (TEH) vio TLO Set bit P3.7 | Khai dng timer 0: TRO=1 PoP Acc RETI TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -82-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 ‘0_ISR ‘Tang n6i dung b6 dém We d6 TBH RETI = SP_ISR TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -83-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 SP_ISR: PUSH ACC Yes ‘Nap SBUF vio (7611) Nap (76H) vao R3 (Totty = (7911) CPL. Yes ‘Nap (76H) vio (79H) Nap (76H) vie (78H) j,_—_____| ¥ CLR RI SKIP.2: Nap (AH) vio SBUF co Pop Acc RETI = MAIN TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -84-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 MAIN: ‘Nap 50-000,s(UhOi gian mile Ocha tin hiGu diu Khih dng ea) vio hal byte Cao: TDH, thdp: 7CH; Nap 00000us(thii gian mie 1 cia tin higu diéu Khign dng ca) vio hai byte: Cao: TFH, thip: TEU; Khai dong ADCO8O9 ‘Nap SCON, THI,SP Nap TMOD, TCON, IE, IP Set bit: TRI = 1 Set bit: TRO= 1 Yes Yes + Xi Giim 6 nhe TBH, néu tran ‘Tang 6 nhé 7EH, néu tran (00-9FF thi gidm 6 nhe 7FHL. FE-400 thi ing 6 nhé 7FH. Tang 6 nhé 7CH, néw tran Giim 6 nhé 7CH, néu tein FF-+00 thi ting 6 nhé 7DHL (00-9FF thi gidm 6 nhé 7DHL. HIENTHITOCDO = HIENTHITOCDO TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -85-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 HIENTHITOCDO: Nap (TAF) vio thank ghi A Nap 60 vao thank ghi B bin A vai B Nap B vio R7 Nap A vio R6 Nap B vio ¢ Nap A vio (73H) I BINTOBCD I Nap R7 vio 74H Nap R6 vio 73H J | Nap (1D vi thanh ghia Nap (ald vie tanh aia Nap s8 BCD nv trong A (ANL) Naps BCD trim trong A (ANL) Chon led dan vis ACC-4~ 0(ORL) Chon ed wim: ACC.6= 0(ORL) DELAYMS (6 lin) DELAYMS (6 tn) q | (73H) vio thanh ghi A 1p (74H) vio than ghi A Hodn vj hai nible trong A. Hoan vj hai nible wong A Nap s BCD chye trong A (ANL) Nap s6 BCD ngin trong A (ANL) Chon Ted chye: ACC.S = 0 (ORL) Chon led ngin: ACC.7 = 0 (ORL) t q ZZ Xena pono Lee of DELAYMS (6 tin) DELAYMS (6 Kin) I RET = DELAYMS TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM = 86 -PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 DELAYMs: Xa thanh ghi RS OPA NoP Ping than ghi RS len 1 No RET = BINTOBCD BINTOBCD: PUSH ACC on | PUSH B TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TRE} nop 10 vio thanh ghiB [BACHKHOA.COM -87-] DIV16.8 ——_+PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 = DIV16.8 DIV_16-8: bi dung Avao STACK KWQ.4.COM ni dung R2 vao STACK TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN V ¥ Xa thanh ghi A Nap 16 vio R2 -————————_PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM 89Puan -cuvones E—CHUC NANG CUA TUNG CHUONG TRINH CON: IMER 0_ISR Day 14 chwong trinh phuc vu ngdt dinh cho ngat do Timer 0 gay ra. Nhu da dé cp & phan trén [dong thif 9 tir trén xudng, trang 55]; nguyén ly tao xung c6 d6 réng mtfe cao hay thap thay d6i cho diéu khién t6c d6 déng co nhu sau: —_>+__ High TF Ta 1, fHigh 7DH Low 7EH Low 7CH —___ T eG dinh = 50ms = 50 000 ps Ta thay déi ty ¥ theo te do dong eo - néu téc d6 dong ed > tée dé chudn © gidmTy - néu téc 46 dong cd < t6e d6 chudn © tang Ty Trong a6: Ty 18 Khodng thdi gian dinh thdi mie 0 (tong ting véi dign 4p OV). Ty 1a khodng thdi gian dinh thdi & mie 1 (tuong tng vai dign 4p SV) Gid tri nap ciia Khong dinh thdi Ty duge Iuu vao cdc 6 nhé c6 dja chi:( high: 7FH, low : 7EH ) va cho T, : (high : 7DH, low : 7CH ). Tée d6 chudn dude lay vio tit ADCO809 hoae may tinh nap vao 6 nhé dia chi : (79H). So sanh giifa 6 nhé cap nhat trye tiép véi 6 nhé cap nhat gidn tip dé cap nhat yao 6 nhé t6c 46 chudn 79H su thay adi tré nhat xudt hién cia hai phan diéu khién dat t8e 49 ADC va méy tinh. Trong 46, cdc 6 nhé ding dén 1a: 78H: 6 nhé te d6 dat tir may tinh (78H cp nhat gidn tip qua 76H) TOW: — 6 nhd 6c dO dat cp nhat truc tip tir may tinh. 77H: 6 nhé t6c d6 dat tit ADCO809 (77H cap nhat gin tiép qua 75H). 75H: 6 nhé t6e dO dat cap nhat truc tiép tir ADCO8O9. Bit danh dau dém, chon 18 bit dinh dia chi OOH. Bit 00 06 gid tr 1: te 1a xung diéu khién dng co dang 6 dinh thoi me 1 (SV) 0: tie 1a xung diéu khién d6ng co dang 6 dinh thdi mite 0 (OV) Sit dung Timer 0, mode 1, khi tran thi interrupt (sau khodng 50ms) TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -90-Puan -cuvones Timer 0 : b@ dinh thdi 16-bit c6 bn mode hoat dng. Mode | : Timer 0 dat hoat déng 6 mode 1, céc bit MI TMOD => thiét lép dinh thdi 16-bit, dé Timer 0 bit déu TRO = | trong thanh ghi TCON. Interrupt timer 0: TFO = 1 trong thanh ghi TCON khi Timer 0 d6m ti gid tri dat va vong vé gid wi 0. Vi cde dién gi Khi ngit xy ra, ding timer 0, kié Y Bit ddu OOH bing 1 > Xéa bit dau OOH; > Nap lai dung lugng dém (T,) cho Timer 0; > Ha tin hiéu diéu khién dong co xudng mite thap; > Cho chay lai Timer 0. Y Bit dau OOH bing 0: > Cip nhat te d6 dat tr ADCO809. Hai trudng hyp: * Phat hign cé sy thay déi tc a6 dat tir ADC, cAp nhat te d6 a6. = Tc dé nhan vé tit ADC khong thay déi, khong cap nhat. Khdi dong lai ADCO809; Set bit dau 00H; Nap lai dung lugng dém (Ty) cho Timer 0; Nang tin hiéu diéu khién d6ng co lén mite cao; Cho phép Timer 0 hoat d6ng. 0, MO = 1 trong thanh ghi thi dong thdi phi set bit trén, hoat dng cila TIMER 0_ISR t6m tft nhu sau: tra bit ddu OOH, cé hai truéng hgp: c hoat dng tigp theo vvvvVY a INTOISR Trinh phuc vy ngat gay ra do ngat ngoai 0. Chung trinh con nay phuc vu vige dém te d6 quay cla dong cd. N6 duge vict ngay sau vector ngat cia ng&t ngoai 0 (Iénh vi xit ly: ORG 0003H). Trinh nay chi thue hién mdi dong téc 1A tang nOi dung 6 nhé t6c do do 7BH 1én mé6t. Qué trinh dém téc d6 nay dién ra trong khodng 50ms (chu ky cia xung diéu khién te d9 dong cd) va sau d6 duge tai lap (vong vé 0 va dém lai trong chu ky tip). Trinh phue vu ngdt nay khong hién dién r6 rang trong chufong trinh, né duge dat nGi tiép ngay sau Iénh goi dia chi vector ng&t va duge tinh bay 4 diy c6 tén 1a INTO_ISR chi nhim mue dich mé td r6 hon céc hoat déng din ra bén trong bd vi diéu khién. a SP_ISR Day 1a trinh phuc vu ngit, phuc vu viée thu — phat dif ligu cia port ndi tiép. Trinh phuc vu port ndi tiép hoat d6ng theo co ché thu truéc va phan héi sau. Tém tt qué tinh hoat d6ng cia trinh phue vu ngat port ni tip nw sau: TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -91-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 Ban du chd nh4n dif ligu giti qua tir may tinh, khi nhan di 1 byte dif ligu, c RI dung lén 1. Trinh phuc vu ngat nhay vao xen ngang chwong trinh chinh, Byte dif li¢u dude kiém tra dé xdc nhan 1a tin hiéu diéu khién ddo chiéu hay 1a tin higu dat toc 46. Néu 18 tin higu dio chiéu, b6 vi diéu khign sé xudt tin higu dao cue dong co, Trudng hgp dat tc dé, déng co mét lan nita sé kiém tra dé phat hién t6e d6 dt tit may tinh c6 thay d6i so véi tc dO hign hinh hay khOng. Qué trinh xif ly tiép theo vi diéu khién dva vao két qua kiém tra, thay déi thi vi diéu Dé két thtic hoat dong ciia minh, vi diéu khién td tc d6 do hign hinh vé may tinh dé hién thi trén man hinh may tinh. a MAIN Phan chuung trinh lam vige nhu mOt 6 tinh todn-higu chinh dung lygng d&m Ty, hoac T;, dé thay d6i chu ky lam viée cila xung diéu khién t6c d6 dGng co. Bén canh d6 con c6 nhigm vu: tgo baud rate 1200, nap cdc tri thich hgp cho cde thanh ghi digu khién va hién thi 6c d6 do. Xem chi tiét trén phan Iu a8 gidi thuat, a HIENTHITOCDO Trinh con nay phuc vu cho viée hign thi te 9 do ra khdi hién thi led bay doan Xem chi tit wen Iuu a3 gidi thuat a DELAYMS Trinh con tao tré khodng mét mili gidy (1024 microseeconds). a BINTOBCD Trinh con chuyén déi s6 BIN sang s6 BCD, dau vao 1a cap thanh ghi R7:R6 lién tigp chtta byte cao va byte thip cila sO nhi phan 16-bit. pé chuyén sang ma BCD nén, ta can chuyén sang ma BCD theo cach lay gid wi can chuyén déi lin lvgt chia cho 10, so du BCD tung ting. Néu chuyén déi 1a 16-bit nh trudng hgp ciia ta, chia Ian dau dé duge sO du 1a ma BCD hang don vi, ly két qua chia lan thit hai dé duge s6 du 1a ma BCD hang chuc. Thi tuc ding dé chia sé 16-bit cho sé 8-bit la DIV_16_8. Dé tim hai ma hang tram va hang ngan cn lai, chi cn ding I¢nh

thong thuOng trong tap Iénh. Két qua ti thi tue nay cling 18 R7:R6, nhung by gid 14 s6 BCD nén véi R7 chita hang ngin trong 4-bit cao, hang trim trong 4-bit hp. Tudng tut cho R6, nible cao chia hang chuc va thap chifa don vi. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -92-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 16-bit cho sé 8-bit sé tinh bay Trong thi tue nay cé sit dung dén thi tue chi dui day. a DIV_16.8 Chuong tinh con chia mét s6 nhj phan 16-bit cho 10 (s6 nhi phan 8-bit) ding phép tir va phép dich ti bit lién ti€p cho t6i khi dn bit thir 16. Dién giai cu thé nhy Du tin, dich trai 1-bit toan b6 16-bit trong c6 mat trong cap thanh ghi R7:R6 6 c& Carry, CY=0. Thanh ghi A tai dong lénh mang gid tri cée bit cao cita sO nhi phan 16-bit duge dich trai va c6 thé cdn e6 bit di trutéc bit cao mang gid tri chia cin dv cia Ian dich bit ké trwéc 6. Phan tinh ra tri du nay duge tinh ra bing 1énh nim néi tiép sau ca nhan “A_GREATER_EQ B” va tri du (néu 6) duge gil nguyén trong thanh ghi A Iie nhay ra ngoai nha Tai dong lénh cho ta ba kha nang quan hé gitta AvaB: ¥ N&wA=B:CY=0 v¥ N&UA>B:CY v N&UA B, thi thuong sé = | va sO dv tinh ra bang 1énh SUBB. Sé dv nay sé lu lai cho lin dich bit sau (lan dich bit sau 14 In dich bit thit < 16), TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -93-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 F—CHUONG TRINH: sCHUONG TRINH CHINH, xit dung 3 nit ORG (00008 LIMP MAIN ORG (00038 sexternal intezrupt 0 INC BH PL P21 RETI ORG 000BH srimer 0 interrupt LIMP TIMER 0.1SR ORG 002311 :serial port interrupt LIMP SPLISR MAIN: CLR 1 CLR RI MOV 7DHLMHIGH(-50000) chu ky xung kich dng eu = $Oms MOV ——7CH,#LOW(-50000)__;tn stung ting 20112 Mov FU, #0 ikhdi ng Khong dinb thei mite 1 bing zero Mov 7Eu1,00 CLR P20 + khdi dng ADCO809 SETB P20 stao mét xung ra STARTALE, CLR P20 Mov TMOD,#2111 timer] mode 2, timer 0 mode 1 MOV THI#26 31200 baud SETB TRI SETB TRO Mov TCON,HO11 AITO=1 : ngSt ngoai 0 tie dOng bing canh xung xuting MOV SCON,ASOH mode = 8-bit UART Mov SP, #2FII £0 no dé bat utr 3081 Mov IP,#02H1 PTO=1 st tién cho ngft timer 0 :REN=1 : cho phép host dng thu Mov IE#9311 sBA=l:cho phép ngittoan eve 3BS=L:cho phép ngat do port néi tiép IETO=1 : cho phép ngat do timer 0 EXO=1 :eho phép ngit ngoai 0 Ding timer 0 48 dint ted dng oo 5X0: gidm dinh thoi mife 1 va ing dinh thai mite 0 sXi: ting dinh thai mée 1 va gidm dinh théi mic 0 Xo: MoV AAI 8 nh ce 46 do (TAL) cLR c SUBB ATO 316e 89 chun (79H Jc x1 ina chun > do y-Sohdy dé XI Mov ATO iehudn TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM 94 =Puan -cuvones CLR c SUBBATAH so INC x2 ao: C=0 sonhiy den X2 DEC 7EH so > chudn: gid djnh khosing éinh thoi 1 CLR c sang thai ng khosing dinh thai 0 Mov A.#OFFHL so sanh byte thip voi OFFH CINE A,TEH,TANG_DINH_THOLMUC_0 ; néu phép trit (TEED 06 muon sth tri tigp (7FH) DEK TFL ‘byte cao gis te] Khoding inh thai | ‘TANG_DINH_THOL MU INC 70H ‘byte thi gid tr Khoding dink thai 0 CLR c Moy A#0 CINE A,ICHLX2 snéu eng bj tran thi cng 1 ;vio (IDE) byte cao gi tri dinh thai 0 INC 7H cP m2 SIMP x2 Xi: INC 7EH1 CLR c Mov AO CINE A,7EU,GIAM_DINH_THOT_MUC_0 INC 7FH GIAM_DINH_THOLMUC_0: DEC 7CH CLR c Mov A.#OFFH CINE A,ICILX2 DEC 7H cP p23, x2: :xpm=(7AHD/20/0,05"60=(7AH)*60 CALL HIENTHITOCDO sIMP XO sTrink phue vu ng Timer 0 snap ede Khoiing dinh thi va cho chay timer 0 Pus ACC CLR TRO IB ont, YI ‘kim tra bit fu 0011, néu (0O11)=1 shi nbdy dn YL Mov 7511, PL {7SHHIR 6 nh@ ofp nht te 66 dat tr ADC Mov A, 75H CINE ATH, NOT_EQ_ADC sso sinh gid tej ep nhat voi gi tr da Ita sel In kiém tra trate SIMP SKIP sna khing thay &6i thi bit du tign hank pap TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM 95 -PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 “khoding dinh thoi 0 va cho chay timer 0 MoV THA S7THLIR 6 nha lau t6e 46 dat cd cha ADC Mov 791, A spling th ep nhit te a6 chun SKIP_ CLR P20 ‘Khai dng ADC SETB P20 CLR P20 Mov 7All, TBH Mov 7BI,#0 {TBH 18 6 nh we 46 v8 thay Ai stheo méi Ian timer 0 bi tran (-50ms) ott dt du nap dinh thoi 1 THO, 7H ‘byte cao gis te] Khoding djnh thai 1 TLo, 78H ‘byte thi gid tri Khoding djnb thoi 1 P37 snfing tn higu digu khign dng ev lén mite cao v2 YL CLR ont shat du nap dnb thoi 0 Mov THO, 7DH = s6chia chita? SIMPA_GREATER EQ. B NOT_EQUAL: No : thuting sé = 0 eft trong R6 Je BELOW A GREATER EQ B: Yes: thuting s6'= 1 oft trong R6 SUBB A,B +S dwedt trong A XcH ALRO ORL Aw xc ARO BELOW: DINZ —_R2, DIVIDE + xem di dich dit 16 In chuta? jehisa thi nhiy 1én DIVIDE XCH AB nad 16 Han dich r6i thi nap s6 dur va B PoP 02H PoP Ace RET Trinh phue vu ngét Port n6i tiép SP_ISR: sNHAN TRUGC - PHAN HOT SAU. PusH Acc INB RI, EXIT MOV ——_76il, SBUF {76118 6 nhd cp nha 16 46 ce may vin MOV R3, 7611 :R3 thanh ghi ding phat hign dZo chiéu d6ng eo CINE ——_R3,#100,SKIP_4 cre 73.6 simp EXIT SKIP_4: MOV A,76H CINE A, 79H, NOT_EQ COMPUTER SIMP SKIP? NOT_EQ_COMPUTER: sph hign we 66 43 trmséy tinh thay & én {Iy We 08 76H nap cho 78H MoV 78H,A, 78H 6 nh lu gi tr Alter gy inh MOV 79H, 78H SKIP CLR RI $x6a RI Mov SBUF, 7AUL sPHAN H61 THONG TIN + ke he phn béi, ngdt nd tig bj ng bai chnb ns :vong lén thy hign lai trinh fue va ngit port néi tip, + dung phdi dong lénh thost do (RI= 0) :két thi teinh fue vu ngdt moi may sind v8 lai inh va ng erie 6 5 (lam ngung do ngit phat xu‘ ign), va sifin nay thost thye sy khdi SP_ISR ! TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -99-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 EXIT: CLR 11 PoP Acc PL P2s sdon bio giao te RETI : R3 4 pAocHifUDONGCO ; RS 4 — DELAYMS CHUC-DONVI 3: RG : RT 4 — NGAN-TRAM END TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -100-PHAN II - CHUGNG 4 TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM -101-- 102 - PHAN II - CHUONG 5 _ Chuong 5 PHAN MEM VISUAL BASICPHAN II - CHUONG 5 GIGI THI U VE VISUAL BASIC a Se luge vé Visual Basic: - Visual Basic (VB) la san pham phin mém cia Microsoft. - VB 1a m6t ngén ngit 14p tinh hung déi wrong. - Hign nay phiés in 6.0 (nim 1998), cung dip mot nang méi phue vu cho 14p trinh trén Internet. - VB 6.0 18 chwong trinh 32 bit, chi chay trén moi trudng Win9S trd lén. - Phién ban chwong trinh sit dung 1a phién ban 6.0. a Tinh nang cia VB 6.0: * Uudiém: - Tict ki¢m duge thdi gian va c6ng site so véi mGt s6 ngOn ngir 1p tinh c6 cau tric khée vi ta c6 thé thiét 19p cdc hoat dong trén ting d6i twgng duge VB cung cp. - Khi thiét ké chuong trinh c6 thé thy ngay két qua qua tiing thao téc va giao dign khi thi hanh chuong trinh - Cho phép chinh sia dé dang, don gidn. - Kha nang két hgp vdi cdc thy vign lién két dong DLL. * Nhuge di - Yéu cdu cfu hinh my khd cao. - Chi chay duige trén moi truding Win9S trd lén. a Yéu cau khi st’ dung chung trinh: May tinh ciia ta phi duge cai dat phdn mém Visual Basic (5.0 hoc 6.0) vi trong chung trinh khdng cung cp phan mém VB. in méi nbat 1a phié i dt Visual Basic (5.0 hode 6.0): Céch cdi dit VB cing gidng nhut cach cai dat cdc chung trinh phan mém khac trén Win95, - Dua CD chugng trinh nguén vao 6 dia CD ROM, chuong trinh AutoRun ty Ong hién thi. - Thy hign theo tiing bude huéng din ciia chung trinh cai dat. - Luu ¥ 6 thé chon thy muc luu gitf chong trinh VB khéc véi hung din mac dinh ma chwong trinh cai dat dua ra nhung phdi nhé chinh xac dé khong gay réc réi vé sau. - Sau khi cdi dit, VB sé to tren dia citng m6t thy muc chinh theo dung din duge chi dinh trong qua trinh cai dit, trong d6 chifa cdc dif ligu khde nhau ding cho viée ké hay nhitng céng cu dé lam vic vi VB. a M6t sé dinh nghia: M6t chung trinh bing VB c6 2 phan: Form va Code. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM - 103 -PHAN II - CHUONG 5 - Form 1a "bd mat" cla chung trinh va ngudi sit dung 1am vi ¢ vi chung trinh qua di twong nay, trén dé thé hién cdc nit diéu khién hay m6t trinh don... qui dinh cach lam vige cia Form, - Code la phan bén trong ctia chung trinh dé diéu khién toan chung trinh. Phan nay chi ngudi ap tinh méi c6 thé théu sudt né va thiét lap nhing doan Iénh ra 1énh cho di twong thye hién m6t cong viée ndo a6. - Khi da thyc hign xong viée tao hai buGe wén nghia 1a ta da 14p mot dy dn (Project). Mdi dy an cé thé c6 nhiéu Form, hode can c6 nhitng tap tin chifa ma lénh riéng dé xr ly nhiing thao tac dic biét, hodc mét sé tap tin ding dé quan ly toan b6 du . Nhu vay, mot dy dn (Project) gém c6 (cde diéu kign ligt ké dudi day 06 thé 66 hoc khOng trong m6t Project ty timg dy én): + Tap tin FRM cho mi Form duge thiét ké. + Tap tin FRX cho Form duge thiét ké vii cée cOng cu 6 dif ligu dae bidt. + Tap tin BAS cho + Tap tin RES chifa cdc ti nguyén cia dy 4n nhy bitmap, icon... + Tap tin duy nh&t .VBP (chuong tinh chinh) cho toan bd du 4n. a Cfe thao téc co ban khi xfy dyng chwong trinh bing VB: * Céch thém mét ddi tugng trén thanh ToolBox: - RightClick vao d6i twong Pointer én thanh ToolBox, chon Component... hp thoai Component xudt hign. - Dinh dau Check vao déi twgng mudn chon, sau dé Click OK dé ghi nhan, * Tao méi mét Project: - Click chon biéu tung New Project hoc vao trinh don File\New Project. - Trong h9p thoai New Project qui dinh chong tinh ta mudn viét 3 mite d6 ndo, mite d9 cin ban ta chon Standard EXE va click OK. Céc Iya chon khéc ta sé Om hiéu mite lap trinh cao hon, - Man hinh xuat hién m6t Project mdi chtfa m6t Form trang tudng ting. * Luu Project: - Click chon biéu tugng Save hodc vao trinh don File\Save Project dé luu Project va File\Save Form dé lu Form. - Dt tén cho Project hay Form va click OK dé chap nh§n. * Mé Project cé sin: - Click chon biéu tuwgng Open hode vao tinh don File\Open Project. - H6p thoai Open Project xudt hién, chon tén Project cdn mé trong khung File name va click Open dé mé Project. * Tao Form: Ti tinh don Project, chon Add Form hoc chon biéu twang Add Form trén thanh Standard. in. de ma I¢nh riéng. TAI LIEU DUGC SHARE TREN WEBSITE KYSUBACHKHOA.COM = 104-

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