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TT Baichonlap PDF
Thc hin chc nng, nhim v ca B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng quy nh ti Ngh nh
22/CP ngy 22 thng 05 nm 1993 ca Chnh ph quy nh nhim v, quyn hn v t chc b my
ca B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng v ca B Xy dng quy nh ti Ngh nh s 15/CP
ngy 04 thng 03 nm 1994 ca Chnh ph v chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca
B Xy dng;
p ng nhu cu bc thit trong tnh hnh hin nay v vn chn lp cht thi rn th v khu
cng nghip, hn ch nhim, bo v mi trng.
B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng v B Xy dng hng dn cc quy nh v bo v mi
trng i vi vic la chn a im, xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn nh sau:
I - QUY NH CHUNG
1. Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng:
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh:
Thng t ny hng dn thc hin cc quy nh v bo v mi trng trong la chn a im, xy
dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn.
1.2. Cc loi cht thi rn khng thuc phm vi iu chnh ca Thng t ny bao gm: cht thi rn
thuc danh mc cht thi nguy hi c quy nh ti Quy ch qun l cht thi nguy hi ban hnh km
theo Quyt nh s 155/1999/Q-TTg ngy 16/7/1999 ca Th tng Chnh ph v nhng loi cht
thi rn nguy hi khc c c quan nh nc c thm quyn quyt nh theo quy nh ti Quy ch
qun l cht thi nguy hi.
1.3. i tng p dng:
Thng t ny p dng i vi cc c quan Qun l Nh nc v u t v xy dng, v cc C quan
qun l nh nc v Bo v mi trng (sau y vit tt l CQQLNNMT); cc t chc, c nhn trong
nc v nc ngoi lm cng tc dch v mi trng, xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn
(k c cc bi chn lp cht thi rn do cc c s sn xut t qun l).
2. Gii thch thut ng:
Trong Thng t ny, cc thut ng di y c hiu nh sau:
2.1. Bi chn lp cht thi rn (sau y vit tt l BCL): l mt din tch hoc mt khu t c
quy hoch, c la chn, thit k, xy dng chn lp cht thi rn nhm gim ti a cc tc ng
tiu cc ca BCL ti mi trng.
BCL bao gm cc chn lp cht thi, vng m v cc cng trnh ph tr khc nh trm x l nc,
kh thi, cung cp in, nc v vn phng iu hnh.
2.2. Cht thi rn (sau y vit tt l CTR): l cht thi rn pht sinh t cc hot ng cc th v
khu cng nghip, bao gm cht thi khu dn c, cht thi t cc hot ng thng mi, dch v th,
bnh vin, cht thi cng nghip, cht thi do hot ng xy dng.
2.3. Nc rc: l nc pht sinh do qu trnh phn hu t nhin cht thi rn, c cha cc cht gy
nhim.
2.4. Kh thi t chn lp cht thi: l hn hp kh sinh ra t chn lp cht thi do qu trnh phn
hu t nhin CTR.
2.5. Vng m: l di t bao quanh BCL nhm mc ch ngn cch, gim thiu tc ng xu ca BCL
n mi trng.
2.6. Lp lt: l cc lp vt liu c tri trn ton b din tch y v thnh bao quanh chn lp cht
thi nhm ngn nga, gim thiu s ngm, thm thu nc rc vo tng nc ngm.
2.7. Lp che ph: l lp vt liu ph trn ton b BCL trong khi vn hnh v khi ng BCL nhm
ngn nga, gim thiu tc ng t chn lp ti mi trng xung quanh v t bn ngoi vo chn
lp CTR.
2.8. H thng thu gom kh thi: l h thng cc cng trnh, thit b thu gom kh thi sinh ra t BCL
nhm ngn nga, gim thiu nhim khng kh v nguy c gy chy, n.
2.9. H thng thu gom nc rc: l h thng cc cng trnh bao gm tng thu gom, ng ng dn,
mng dn thu gom nc rc v h tp trung hoc ti trm x l.
2.10. Hng ro bo v: l h thng tng, ro chn, vnh ai cy xanh hoc vt cn c chiu cao nht
nh bao quanh BCL nhm hn ch tc ng t cc hot ng chn lp CTR n mi trng xung
quanh.
2.11. Thi gian hot ng ca BCL: l ton b khong thi gian t khi bt u chn lp CTR n khi
ng BCL.
2.12. ng BCL: l vic ngng hon ton hot ng chn lp CTR ti BCL.
2.13. H thng thot nc mt v nc ma l h thng thu gom nc mt v nc ma dn v ni
quy nh nhm ngn nga nc mt t bn ngoi xm nhp vo cc chn lp.
2.14. Ch u t BCL: l t chc, c nhn ngi Vit Nam hoc t chc, c nhn ngi nc ngoi
chu trch nhim qun l vn/cung cp vn u t xy dng BCL.
2.15. Ch vn hnh BCL: l t chc, c nhn Vit Nam hoc t chc, c nhn nc ngoi chu trch
nhim trc ch u t v qun l khai thc v s dng BCL.
2.16. T chc chuyn mn kim tra BCL: l t chc c t cch php nhn thc hin gim st, kim
nh, ly mu, phn tch cc hng mc v cc ch tiu lin quan ti hot ng ca BCL.
2. B Xy dng:
2.1. Ch tr v phi hp vi B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng v y ban nhn dn cc tnh v
thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng hng dn lp quy hoch a im xy dng cho BCL ti cc a
phng, xy dng ban hnh cc tiu chun thit k v thi cng BCL m bo v sinh mi trng
2.2. Ch o S Xy dng, S Giao thng Cng chnh phi hp vi S Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi
trng hng dn thc hin cc quy nh, tiu chun mi trng hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong vic
la chn a im, thit k xy dng v vn hnh BCL.
1 2 3 4 5
Cm dn c ? 15 h
ng bng v Cui hng gi ? 1000 ? 1000 ? 1000
trung du chnh
Cng trnh khai C.sut < 100 50 - 100 > 100 > 500
thc nc ngm m3/ng > 100 > 500 > 1000
Q < 10.000 m3/ng
> 500 > 1000 > 5000
3
Q > 10.000 m /ng
Lu : Khng nn quy hoch BCL nhng vng c tng cha nc ngm vi tr lng ln, khng k
nc ngm nm nng hay su, nhng vng c vi (Karst). Tuy nhin nu khng c cch la chn
no khc th bi chn lp phi m bo tt c cc rc, cc h cha v x l nc thi, cc knh dn
nc thi (k c y v b) u phi xy dng lp chng thm, hoc phi gia c y cc cng trnh
trn t h s thm nh hn hoc bng 1 x 10-7 cm/s vi b dy khng nh hn 1m v phi c h thng
thu gom v x l nc rc, nc thi.
Ph lc 2
LA CHN A IM BI CHN LP CHT THI RN
Khi la chn a im xy dng BCL, cn phi cn c vo quy hoch tng th ca tng vng, tnh
hoc thnh ph v phi m bo c s pht trin bn vng v phi xem xt ton din cc yu t sau:
1. Cc yu t t nhin (mi trng t nhin):
- a hnh.
- Kh hu.
- Thu vn.
- Yu t a cht.
- a cht thu vn.
- a cht cng trnh.
- Yu t ti nguyn, khong sn
- Cnh quan sinh thi.
2. Cc yu t kinh t - x hi:
- S phn b dn c ca khu vc.
- Hin trng kinh t v kh nng tng trng kinh t.
- H thng qun l hnh chnh.
- Di tch lch s.
- An ninh v quc phng.
3. Cc yu t v c s h tng:
- Giao thng v cc dch v khc.
- Hin trng s dng t.
- Phn b cc c s sn xut cng nghip, khai khong hin ti v tng lai.
- H thng cp thot nc v mng li in.
4. Khong cch thch hp khi la chn bi chn lp:
Khi la chn v tr BCL cn phi xc nh r:
o Khong cch t BCL n cc th.
o Khong cch t bi chn lp n cc cm dn c.
o Khong cch t bi chn lp n cc sn bay.
o Khong cch t bi chn lp n cc cng trnh vn ho, khu du lch.
o Khong cch t bi chn lp n cc cng trnh khai thc nc ngm.
o Khong cch t ra bi chn lp n ng giao thng chnh.
Cc khong cch ny c qui nh c th trong Bng 1 ti Ph lc 1 ca Thng t ny.
Ph lc 3
CC M HNH BI CHN LP CHT THI THNG C S DNG
1. Bi chn lp kh: l bi chn lp cc cht thi thng thng (rc sinh hot, rc ng ph v rc
cng nghip).
2. Bi chn lp t: l bi chn lp dng chn lp cht thi di dng bn nho.
3. Bi chn lp hn hp kh, t: l ni dng chn lp cht thi thng thng v c bn nho.
i vi cc dnh chn lp t v hn hp bt buc phi tng kh nng hp th nc rc ca h
thng thu nc rc, khng cho nc rc thm n nc ngm.
4. Bi chn lp ni: l bi chn lp xy ni trn mt t nhng ni c a hnh bng phng, hoc
khng dc lm (vng i g). Cht thi c cht thnh ng cao n 15m. Trong trng hp ny
xung quanh bi phi c cc v phi khng thm ngn chn quan h nc rc vi nc mt
xung quanh. (Hnh 1).
5. Bi chn lp chm: l loi bi chm di mt t hoc tn dng cc h t nhin, moong khai thc
c, ho, mng, rnh (Hnh 2).
6. Bi chn lp kt hp chm ni: l loi bi xy dng na chm, na ni. Cht thi khng ch c
chn lp y h m sau tip tc c cht ng ln trn. (Hnh 3).
7. Bi chn lp cc khe ni: l loi bi c hnh thnh bng cch tn dng khe ni cc vng ni,
i cao. (Hnh 4).
Hnh 1 Bi chn lp ni
Ph lc 4
Bng 2 - PHN LOI QUI M BI CHN LP CHT THI RN
Ph lc 5
QUY NH V IU TRA (MC IU TRA)
1. iu tra v a hnh:
i vi tt c cc BCL phi tin hnh o c a hnh vi t l 1: 5.000 ; 1: 2.000, ngoi ra phi c bn
a hnh khu vc, t l ? 1: 25.000 i vi ng bng v ? 1: 50.000 i vi trung du v min ni.
Tt c cc im o a vt l, khoan a cht thu vn, khoan a cht cng trnh phi c xc nh
to , cao v a ln bn a hnh.
2. iu tra v thi tit, kh hu:
Phi thu thp ti liu kh hu cc trm kh tng gn nht, cc yu t cn thu thp bao gm:
a. Lng ma trung bnh cc thng trong nm, lng ma ngy ln nht, ngy nh nht.
b. bc hi trung bnh v ln nht trong thng.
c. Hng gi v tc gi trong nm.
d. Nhit trung bnh, ln nht, nh nht trong thng.v.v ...
3. iu tra v thu vn:
Ngoi vic thu thp cc ti liu thu vn khu vc (mng sng sui, gi tr mc nc trung bnh, ln
nht, nh nht, lu lng trung bnh, ln nht, nh nht cc trm thu vn gn nht, ch thu triu
i vi cc vng nh hng triu), cn phi tin hnh iu tra kho st thc a v phi lm sng t
cc vn c bn sau:
a. Mng li sng sui ca khu vc v c bit l cc dng chy chy qua khu vc BCL(dng chy
lin tc hoc tm thi i vi dng chy theo ma).
b. Quy m ca cc dng chy: rng, su, hng chy ...
c. Lu vc cc dng chy: din tch, dc, kh nng tp trung nc.
d. Lu lng dng chy, c bit ch lu lng l.
e. Mc nc cao nht, nh nht ca cc dng chy.
f. Cht lng nc.
g. Hin trng s dng nc.
h. Cc ao h, kch thc, cht lng v hin trng s dng.
i. Bin ng mc nc cc h.
k. Khong cch t BCL n cc h, cc dng chy.
l. Kt qu phn tch mt s mu nc.
Vic cp nhp cc s liu trn vi chui thi gian cng di cng c gi tr, ti thiu khng nh hn 5
nm.
4. iu tra v a cht, a cht thu vn, a cht cng trnh:
4.1.Mc iu tra phi tr li c cc vn c bn sau:
a. Din phn b ca cc lp t trong khu vc BCL, din tch, b dy, su phn b.
b. Thnh phn thch hc ca cc lp.
c. H s thm nc ca cc lp.
d. Thnh phn ho hc ca nc, tnh cht c l ca cc lp t, thnh phn ht.
e. Mc nc ca cc lp.
f. Vng xy dng bi c cc t gy chy qua khng? Quy m, tnh cht ca t gy.
g. Mc ng t.
h. Kh nng tr v cht lng t phc v vic ph v ng ca bi chn lp.
su nghin cu i vi vng trung du phi ti chiu su gc, ng bng phi ht su tng
cha nc trn cng v mt s vng nh H Ni phi n su ca tng cha nc ch yu ang
khai thc.
4.2. thc hin c cc yu cu trn phi:
a. Tin hnh o a vt l xc nh t gy.
b. Khoan v th nghim t nht mt l khoan a cht thu vn. su l khoan a cht thu vn phi
vo tng cha nc c ngha cp nc. V tr l khoan c th b tr ngoi din tch bi chn lp n
50m (sau ny nu cn c th s dng lm l khoan cp nc cho bi chn lp hoc lm trm quan
trc nc ngm).
c. Hin trng khai thc s dng nc ngm ca khu vc.
d. a cht cng trnh: mng li khoan cc l khoan a cht cng trnh c th 30m x 30m n 50m x
50m tu theo bi ln hay nh.
- Chiu su cc l khoan a cht cng trnh 15m.
- S mu ly trong mi lp t nht l 1 mu.
- Ch tiu phn tch: h s thm, thnh phn ht, tnh cht c l ca t .
- Tt c cc l khoan phi o mc nc.
- Sau khi kt thc cng tc kho st, cc l khoan cn c lp m bo ng yu cu k thut, tuyt
i khng nc thm r xung di v ch li cc l khoan dng quan trc (o mc nc, ly
mu phn tch ...).
- Phn tch ho hc mt s mu t (mi lp ti thiu 1 mu).
5. iu tra h sinh thi khu vc:
a. H thc vt, ng vt ch yu v ngha kinh t ca n.
b. H thu sinh.
c. Cc loi thc vt v ng vt qu him c trong sch ca khu vc BCL v vng ph cn.
6. iu tra v tnh hnh kinh t - x hi:
a. Hin trng s dng t, c bit khu d kin chn BCL: nng sut sn xut, gi tr kinh t hin ti.
b. C s h tng quanh BCL (giao thng, in nc ...).
c. C s sn xut kinh doanh, dch v .
d. Cc khu dn c gn nht (s dn, t l sinh sn, bnh tt hin ti ... phong tc tp qun).
e. Cc khu du lch, di tch lch s vn ho, danh lam thng cnh v cc yu t khc.
Ph lc 6
Bng 3 - Cc cng trnh xy dng c bn trong bi chn lp cht thi rn
1 rc x x x X x x x x x
2 Sn phi bn, x x x x x x x x x
cha bn
3 H thng thu x x x x x x x x x
gom, x l nc
rc
4 Thu v x l kh x x x x x x x x x
gas
5 H thng thot x x x x x x x x x
v ngn dng
mt
6 H thng hng x x x x x x x x x
ro
7 Vnh ai cy x x x x x x x x x
xanh c tn
8 H thng bin x x x x x x x x x
bo
9 H thng quan x x x x x x x x x
trc mi trng
10 H thng in, x x x x x x
cp thot nc
11 Trm cn x x x x x x
13 Trm v sinh xe x x x x x x
my
14 H thng iu x x x x x x
hnh
15 Vn phng lm x x x x x x
vic
16 Khu vc cha x x x x x x x
cht ph
17 Khu vc cha x x x x x x x x x
ph liu thu hi
18 Kho cha cc x x x x x x
cht dit cn
trng
19 Trm sa cha, x x x x x x x x
bo dng
20 Ln xe my x x x x x x x x x
21 Trm th nghim x x x x
ng lc
Np bo v
ng lng
B xi mng
ng chng
St chn ng
Lp lc ngc
t thm km
Tng cha nc