Vessel “Average Radius, mim ‘Number ‘Aorta 25 1 Ameries 20 159 Arerioles 0.03 14 x 107 Capilaries 0.006 39x10? 5.10 (> Air flows siealy between two cross sections in «Tong, ‘raight section of 0.1-m-inside-diameter pipe. The static tempera- ture and pressure at each section are indicated in Fig. PS.10. If the average ai velocity at section (I) is 205 m/s, determine the average air velocity at section (2) sect (L) y= 7743s) 268 208 mis 1 Figure P5.10 5.11 © A hydraulic jump (see Video VI0.11) is in place downstream from spillway as indicated in Fig. PS.11. Upstream ofthe jump. the depth ofthe seam is 0.6 ft and the average stream velocity is 18 ft/s. Just downstream of the jump, the average stream velocity i 3.4 f/s, Calculate the depth ofthe seam, h, jut dowen- stream of the jump, Figure P5.11 5.12 Water enters a rigid, sealed, cylindrical tank at a steady rate (of 100 litershr and forces gasoline (SG = 0.68) out as is indicated in Fig, P5.12. What is the time rate of change of mass of gasoline contained inthe tank’? Gastne se= 8, = 1 Figure P5.12 Problems 257 5.13 (@@ An evaporative cooling tower (see Fig. P5.13) is use to ‘cool water from 110 to 80 °F, Water enters the tower ata rate of 250,000 Ibm. Dry ar (no water vapor) flows into the tower at a ‘ate of 151,000 Ibm. I'the rate of Wet airflow out ofthe tower is 156,900 Ibm, determine the rate of water evaporation in Ibm at and the rte of cooled wate flow in Tn /h. f= 156,800 on 1 Figure P5.13 5.14 (RiD> AL cruise conditions, air flows into a jet engine at a Steady rate of 65 Ibmis. Fuel enters the engine at a steady rate of 1.60 Ibm. The average velocity ofthe exhaust gases is 1500 fs relative tothe engine. Ifthe engine exhaust effective cross-sectional area is 3.5, estimate the density ofthe exhaust gases in Ibm. 5.15 (Ai Water at 0.1 ms and alcohol (SG = 0.8) at 03 ms are ‘mixed ina y-duct as shown in Fig. 5.15. Whats the average density ff the mixture of alcohol and water? — cabal &6 0.8) Onanis 5 Figure P5.15 5.16 Oilhaving aspectic gravity of 0.9 is pumped as illustrated in Fig. P5,16 with a water jet pump. The water volume flowrate is 1 m/s The water and oil mixture has an average specific gravity of, (0.95. Calculate the rate, in ms, at whieh the pump moves ol. Section (1) oi1sc=09) Figure P5.16258 chapter 5 Fite Control Volume Analysis 5.17 (im Fresh water fle steady nt an open SS dum ni tially ‘ile with seawater, The fresh water mines thoroughly with the caater, and the mixture overflows ot of the da. he rsh trae flowrate is 10 gain, estimate the tine in seconds required to decease the difference between the density ofthe mixtre and the density of fresh water by 05%. Section 5.1.2. Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume— ‘Nonuniform Velocity Profile 5.18 GA water jet pump (se Fig. P5.18) involves a je cress- sectional ares of 0.01 mad jet velocity of 30 mus. The jet is ‘surrounded by entrained water. The total cross-sectional area asso- ciated with the jet and entrained streams is 0.075 m!. These two ‘aid streams leave the pump thoroughly mixed with an average velocity of 6 mis through a cross-sectional area of 0.075 mi. Deter- ‘mine the pumping rate (ie, th entrained Mud flowrate involved in er Crane =: xm =: Fara = Figure P6.18 45.19 To measure the mass flowrate of air through a Gin-inside- diameter pipe, local velocity data are collected at diferent adit from the pipe axis (S22 Tab). Determine the mass flowrate cae- sponding tothe data listed inthe folowing table 7. “Anda Velocty 05) 0 30 02 2901 oa 2939 06 29.05 os. 28.70 10 2831 2 2789 4 ana 16 26.90 8 2632 20 25.68 22 Dass 24 23.88 26 20 28 2038 29. 1845 295 1671 298 14.66 3.00 0 5.20 i ‘Two rivers merge to forma large siver as shown in Fig, 3.20, At a location downstream from the junction {before the two streams completcly merge} the nonuniforin veloc Hy profile is as shown and the depth is 6 Ht. Determine the value of. = Figure P5.20 521 EQ (Gir Varios types of attachments can be used with the shop vae shown in Video V5.2 Two such atachments ae shown in Fig. P5.21—a nozzle and a brush, The flowrate is 1 f/s. (a) Deter ‘mine the average velocity through the nozzle entrance, V(b) Assume {he sr enters the brush altachmeat ina radial rection all around the ‘rush with 2 velocity profile Ut varies inary from Oo V along the length ofthe bristles as shown inthe figure. Determine the value of Vy, o=1 8s tit amo ly singed © Figure P5.21 5.22. An appropriate turbulent pipe flow velocity profile is, RE sy i R whege u, = centerline velocity, r = local pe radius, ‘and i = unit vector along pipe centerine, Determine the ratio of ay- ‘erage velocity, i, centerline velocity, u, for (a) x = 4, (b)n = 6, (©)n= 8, @)n = 10. Compare the different velocity profiles $23 GB As shown in Fig. P5.23, atthe entrance tow 3-f-wide ‘channel the velocity distribution is uniform witha velocity V. Further ‘downstream the velocity profile is given by w = dy ~ 3), where w isin t/sand ys in ft. Determine the value of V. © Figure P5.23 5.24 (> An incompressible Now velocity Held (wate) is given ss, sal tits | |where isin meters. (a) Caleulate the mass lowrste though the ‘ylindical surface tr = 4m from z= O10 z = I mas shown in Fig P5.24a (b) Show tat mass is conserved inthe annular cotsol volume from = Imo r= 2mand2 = 0to2 = 1mas shown inFig. P5200 ce : @ o Figure P5.24 1525. Flow ofa viscous Avid over a Mat plato surface results inthe ‘evelopment ofa region of reduced velocity adjcent co the wetted surface a8 depicted in Fig. P55. This region of reduced flow is called a boundary layer. At the leading edge of the plate, the veloc ity profile may be considered uniformly distibuted witha value U. All along the outer edge of the boundary layer, the uid velocity ‘component parallel tthe plate surface is also U. I the x-direction velocity profile at section (2) a develop an expression forthe volume flowrate through the edge of| ‘the boundary layer from the leading edge ta location downstream atx where the Boundary layer thickness is 8 seven a) - eter ge Seetio (t “e ‘Ly bound ‘ant «Figure P5.25 Section §.1.2 Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume— Unsteady Flow 8.26 (a Air at standard conditions enters the compressor shown in Fig, P5.26 at arate of 10 F/s. It leaves the tank through 2 1.2.in= ameter pipe witha density of 0.0035 sugs/t anda uniform speed ‘of 700 fe (a) Determine the rate slgs/s) t which the mass of air inthe tank i increasing or decreasing. (b) Determine the average lume rae of change of air density within the tank. comes Tako «208 104% ieee ocoza8 ar Seas Figure P5.26 Problems 259 1527 (Gi Estimate the time required to fll with water @ cone- Shaped container (See Fig. PS.27) 5 fthigh and 5 across a the top ifthe filling rates 20 gai/min. = i L\ Figure PS.27 {328 How long would it ake to fill cyindrica-shaped swimming ‘pool having & diameter of 8 m tos depth of 1S m with water from 4 garden hote ifthe flowrate is 10 lites? Section 5.1.3 Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume 75.29 For an automobile moving along a highway, describe the conttel volume you would use to estimate the lowrate of air across the radiator Explain how you would estimate the velocity ofthat ai Section $.1.4 Deforming Control Volume 5.30 (> A hypodermic syringe (se Fy, P5.30) is used w apply a vaccine. Ifthe plunger is moved forward atthe steady rate of 20 munis and if vaccine leaks pat the plunger at 0.1 ofthe volume Aowrte ou the needle opening, calculate the average velocity of the needle exit flow. The inside diameters of the syringe and the needle sre 20 mm and 0.7 mm. eon One t Figure P5.30 5:31 € (> The Hoover Dam (ee Video V2.4) backs up the Colorado River nd erestes Lake Mead, whichis approximately 115 ills long snd has a surface aea of approximately 225 square miles. Ir during food conditions the Colored Kier ows inthe lake ata tae of 45,000 ef and the eo from te dar s S000 ci, how tan fet pet 24-hour day wl he ak eve ise? [5.32 (a> Storm sewer backup causes your basement to flood atthe ‘steady rate of I in. of dopth per hour. The basement Qoor area is 1300 1°, What capacity (gal/min) pump woald you rent o(a) keep the water accamulated in Your basement ta constant level unt the storm sewer i blocked off, and (b) reduce the water accumulation in your basement at arate of 3 in./hr even while he backup problem exists? 5.33 (Gi (Soe Fluids in the News article “New 1.6-gpf stan- dards? Section 5.1.2) When aoileis used, the water dep, h. inthe tank a a function of time, is as given i the table. The size ‘ofthe rectangular tank is 19, by'75 in. (a) Deternine the volume (of water used per flush, gpC.(b) Pot te flowrate for 0 = ¢ = 6 7) Gin) 0 370 os 533 10 30. 20 345, 30 240 40 130 50. 075 60 °260 chopter Sw Finite Control Volume Analysis Section 5.2.1 Derivation ofthe Linear Momentum Equation 534A fui flows stadily in the x dection throush a contol ‘olune, Messtemens Indicate that to cau tie flow the force Aeting onthe contents of the conto volume is 120 Nin the meg ‘ives deetin. Determine the ne te of low of liner mome- tum through the contol sufice, 5.35 (> Consider the unsteady Dow ofa Mid in the x ere tion trough a contol volume Te linear momentum of the fluid Wilkin the contol volume is function of time given by 200 sag fis, where # is in seconds and fis a unit vector in the x direction. Measurements inate hat to case ths ow the force scing on te contents of the conto} volume is 40 {Ib Determine the net rate of flow of liner morment ero gh the contol surfs. ‘Seetion 5.22 Application of the Linear Momentum Equation (also see Lab Problems 5.1LP, 52LP, $3LP, and S.4LP) 5.36 & (>A 10smo-diameter jet of water is deflected by & inomogeneous rectangular block (15 mm by 200 mm by 100 mm) that weighs 6 N as shown in Video VS. and Fig. P5.36. Deter- ‘mine the minimum volume flowrate needed to tip the block. 015m: © Figure P5.38 4537 When a baseball player catches a bal, the force of the ball cn ber glove is as shown 28a function of time in Fig. PS.37. De- scribe how this situation is similar to the force generated by the deflection ofa jet of water by a vane. Note: Consider many Base- balls being eavaht i quick succession, Figure 6.37 {$38 (6s Detesmine the anchoring force required 1 holdin place ‘the conical nozzle attached to the end ofthe laboratory sink faucet showin in Fig. PS.38 when the water flowrate is 10 gal/min, The nozale weigh is 0.2 Th. The nozzle inlet and exit inside diameters sare 06 and 02 in., respectively. The nozzle axis is vertical, and the axial distance Between sections (1) and 2) is 1.2 in. The pres sue at section (1) is 68 psi > 10trin © Figure P5.38 5.39 (Gi Water flows through a horizontal, 180° pipe bend ass ‘Musteated in Fig. P5.39. The flow crose-sectional area is constant a2 value of 8600 min. The flow velocity everywhere in the Bend is 15 mvs. The pressures atthe entrance and exit ofthe bend are 210 and 165 kPa, espectively. Celeulate the horizontal (x and 3) ‘components of the anchoring force needed to hold the bend in place. © Figure P5.39 ‘5.40 Water lows through a horizontal bend and discharges int the atmosphere as shown in Fig. PS40. When the pessure gage reads 10 ps, the resultant a-ireetion anchoring force, Pax in the bri= zontal plane required to hold the bend in place is shown onthe fg- ure. Determine the flowrate through the bend and the y-dizeicn anchoring force, Fy, required to hold the bend in place. The flow isnot fictions, 1 Figure P5.40 SALA fre jet of fuid sts a wedge as shown in Fig. PS. GF the ota flow, « portion is deflected 30 the remainder is wet ‘defiected. The horizontal and venical compenents of force neededto hold the wedge stationary are Fy and Fy, respectively: Gravity is negligible, and the fluid speed remains constant. Determine the force ratio, FifFy. Free jet fs Figure P5.41 342. (iP Water enters the horizontal, circular cross-sectional, ‘uden contraction nozzle sketched in Fig. PS.42at section (1) with uniformly distributed velocity of 25 fs and a pressure of 75 ps ‘The water exits from the nozzle into the atmosphere at section (2) where the uniformly distributed velocity is 100 fs. Determine the axial component of the anchoring force required to hold the con- twacton in place. = m™ Tae a ~soation 0 su Figure P5.42 4543-4 truck carrying chickens is too heavy for abridge that it needs to cross, The empty truck is within the weight limits; with the chickens itis overweight. Iris suggested that if one could get the chickens to fly around the trick (ie. by banging on the truck side) it would be safe to eross the bridge. Do you agree? Explain. 3.44 (Gi Exhaust (assumed to have the properties of stan- dard sir) Ieaves the 4-ft diameter chimney shown in Video V8.4 and Fig. PS44 with a speed of 6 fs. Because of the wind, after afew diameters downsteam the exhaust flows in a horizontal divection with the speed of the wind, 15 fs. Determine the horizontal com nent of the force thatthe blowing wind exerts onthe exhaust gases iste a Figure P5.44 5.45 Air flows steadily between two cross sections in a long, Straight section on 12-a,-inside-diameter pipe. The static temper ‘ture and pressure at each section are indicated in Fig PS.AS. If the average air velocity at section @) is 320 mv, determine the aver ‘age air velocity at section (I). Determine the frictional force ex- ‘ted by the pipe wall on the air flowing between sections (1) and (©, Assume uniform velocity distributions at each section. sect a Figure P5.45 ‘5.46, Wate flows steadily rom a tak mounted on car as shown in Fig. 5.46. After the water jet leaves the nozzle ofthe tank, it falls and strikes a vane atache to another car. The carts wheels ‘ae rcionless, and the id i inviscid. (@) Determine the speed ‘ofthe waietIaving the tank, Vj, andthe water speed leaving the art, Vy (b) Determine the tension in zope A. (@) Determine the tension in rope B ole aan = 001m? gina te jt Riek Repo & Figure P5.45 ‘8.47. Determine the magnitude and drcotion ofthe anchor- ing foree needed to hold the horizontal elbow and nozzle combi nation shown in Fig. P5.47 in place. Atmospheric pressure is 100, XPa(abs). The gage pressure at section (1) is 100 KPa. At section (2), the water exits to the atmosphere, 229.00 THA) ‘Section (2 | al ae Secon 00a altar s Figure P5.47 ‘548. Water is added to the tank shown in Fig. P5.48 through a vertical pipe to maintain a constant (water) level. The tanks placed xz. | Scie 3 SS ont <0 r—| ‘ace ms Figure P5.48262 choptor § & Finite Control Volume Analysis ‘on a horizontal plane which has a frictionless surfsee. Determine {he horizontal fore, F, required to hold the tank stationary. Neglect all loses, 549 (GE* Water flows as two fee jets from the ee etached 12 the pipe shown in Fig PS.49. The ext speed is 15 mis. If viscous cfcts and gravity are negligible, determine the x and y compo- rents of the Torce that the pipe exerts onthe tee. omit yo reme Ree = 05 a? 5.50 A nozzle is atached 10 4 vertical pipe and discharges water into the atmosphere as shown in Fg. P5.50. When the discharge 40.1 mis, the gage pressure atthe ange is 40 kPa. Determine the vertical companent ofthe anchoring force required to hold the nozzle in place. The nozzle has a weight of 200 N, ané the vol ‘ume of water inthe nozzle is 0.012 ms the anchoring force i- oct upward or downseard? foo Figure P5.50 551 (im The hydraulic dredge shown in Fig P51 is used to fredge sand from river bottom. Estimate the thrust needed from the propeller to old the boat stationary. Assume the specific grav ity ofthe sandiwvater mine is SG = 1. Figure PS.51 552 (Se A static thrust stand is 1 be designed for testing a specific jet engine, knowing the following conditions for a cal test intake air velocity = 700 17s exhaust gas velocity = 1640 f/s F intake cross section area = 10 intake state pressure = 11.4 psia Intake static temperature = 480 °R exhaust gas pressure = O psi estimate «nominal thrust to design for. ‘5.83 A vertical jet of water leaves a nozzle ata speed of 10 mis fad a diameter of 20 mm, It suspends «pte having amass of 15 kg as indicated in Fig. PS.S3, What isthe vertical distance h? Figure PS.53 554. (> M horizontal, ciralar cross sectional jet of air having 4 diameter of 6 in. sities conical deflector as shown in Fig P5.54,A horizantal enchorine force of 5b is required to hold the cone in place. Estimate the nozzle flowrate in 75. The magnitude | fof the velocity ofthe air remains constant, Figure 5.54 5.55. (oad A verical, circular cross-sectional jet of airstrikes ¢ conical defector as indicated in Fig. PS.S5. A vertical anchoring force of 6.1 Nis required to old the defector in place. Determine the muss (kg) ofthe deflector. The magnitude of velocity of the air remains constant Byron Figure P5.55264 © chaptor § © Finite Controt Volume Analysis 8 Figure P5.62 5.43 Water flows sendy into and out ofa tank that sits on fice tionless wheels as shown in Fig. PS.63. Determine the diameter D 0 that the tank remains motionless if F =O. © Figure P5.63 ‘S464. (> The rocket shown in Fig, PS.64, i held stationary by the horizontal force, F, and the verical fore, F.. The velocity and pressure ofthe exhaust gas are 5000 fs and 20 psa atthe nozzle exit, which has a cross fection area of 60 in®. The exhaust muss ‘lonat is eonstact a 21 Toms, Determine the valu ofthe restrain ing fore F,, Assume the exhaust flow i esventally horizontal. Figure P5.64 8.65 B™ & horizontal circular jet of air strikes a stationary flat plate as indicoted in Fig. P5.65. The jt velocity is 40 mis and the Jet diameter is 30 mm, If the sir velocity magnitude remains con- Santas the ar flows over the plate surface inthe directions shown, Getermine (a) the mapritude of F, the enchoring force required 10 Figure P5.65 hold he plate stationary (b) the fraction of mass flow along the plate surface in each of he two directions shown; (e) the magnitude of Fy, the anchoring force required to allow the plate to move tothe fight at a constant speed of 10 mis ‘8.66 Air discharges from a 2-in-diameter nozzle and strikes a curved vane, which isin vertical plane as shown in Fig. P5.6. ‘A stagnation tube connected to a water U-tube manometer is lo- ‘cated in the fre air et Determine the horzentl component of the force thatthe air et exerts nthe vane. Neglect the weight of the si and al friction. Staaion Fike one sew tems “he ~{t) 15.67. Sibu Water is sprayed radially ouward over 180° as indi ‘cated in Fig. 5.67. The et sheets inthe horizontal plane. Ifthe et ‘elocity a the nozzle exits 20 1, determine the direction and ‘magnitude ofthe resultant horizontal anchoring force required 10 ‘hol the nozzle in place © Figure P5.67 5.68 (Gi A sheet of water of uniform thickness (h = 0.01 m) flows from the dove shown in Fis. PS.68. The water enters vert ‘ally trough the inlet pipe and exits horizontally with a speed that Yates linearly from 0 10 10 rs slong the 0.2-m length of the slit Determine the y component of anchoring forse necessary to hold thie device stationary » Flure P5.6845.69. The results of a wind tunnel test to determine the drag on a body (see Fig. PS.69) aze summarized below. The upstream [sec- tion (1)] velocity is uniform at 100 fus. The static pressures ate By Ee mara ly foe Bel Smeal toe ens br wane ai(s—) 2a wa yan where a isthe velocity inf andy is the distance on ether side of the centerline in fet (see Fig, P5.69). Assume thatthe body shape doesnot change in the direction noemal to the paper. Calculate the frag foree(ceaction foree in x direction) exerted on the air by the body pec unit length normal tothe plane of the sketch, vect00ite jas vy-100 te Sj t f poe —) eat Ber sexton (2) a) Figure P5.69 5:70. (Rd \ viable mesh seren produces linear and axiym- met velocity profile as indicated in Fig. P5.70 in the airflow through a 2-fediameter circular cross-sectional duct. The static pressures uptteam and dowasteam of the seen are 0:2 and 0.15 Pstand ae uniformly distibutd over the Flow cross-sectional ava Keslecting the force exerted by the duct wall onthe owing air, caleulate the sreen dag force y=02 081 pa 015 pal 1 Figure P5.70 5.71 Consider unsteady flow in the constant diameter, horizontal Pipe shown in Fig. PS.71. The velocity is uniform throughout the entre pipe, but it sa funetion of time: W = u(t). Use the x com- ponent of the unsteady momeatum equation to determine the pres- ‘sure difference p, ~ pp. Discuss how this result is elated to F, = my “o 0 @ Figure P5.71 Problems 265, 45.72 Ina laminae pipe flaw that is fully developed, the axial ve locity profile is parabolic. Thais, ass illustrated in Fig. PS.72. Compare the axial direction momen= tum flowrate calculated with the average velocity, with the axial direction momentum flowrate calculated with the nonuniform, velocity distribution taken into account. 15 Figure P5.72 45.73. Water from a garden hose is sprayed ageinst your car to ive dic from it. Estimate the force thatthe water exerts onthe car List ll assumptions and show calculations. 514 (3 (@ A Pelton wheel vane direeis a horizontal, circular ‘cross-sectional et of water symmetrically 3s indicated in Fig. PS.74 ‘and Video V5.6, The jet leaves the nozzle witha velocity of 100 Is, Determine the x-direction component of anchoring force re- ‘quired t (a) hold the vane stationary, (b) confine the speed ofthe vane to a value of 10 fu tothe righ. The fluid speed magnitude ‘remains constant along the vane surface, A ee, 3 os a5 » 1 Figure P5.74 315. {© (&E The thrust developed to propel the jetski shown in Video V9.18 and Fig PS.75 is aresult of water pumped through the ‘hicle and exiting as a high-speed waterjet. For the conditions shown ia the gute, what flowrate is needed to produce a 300-16 thrust? Assume the inlet and outet jets of water are fee ets. .5in-aarater cata t Neuse 1 Figure P5.75, 76 Thrust vector control is @ technique that can be used to areatly improve the maneuverability of military fighter airraft. It ‘consists of using a set of vanes inthe exit ofa jet engine to deflect the exhaust gases as shown in Fig, P5.76. (a) Determine the pitch ig moment (the moment tending to rotate the nose of the aieraftchapter 5 6 Finite Control Volume Analysis roangss & Figure P5.76 ‘up about the aireraf’s mass center (eg) forthe conditions indicated inthe figure (b) By how much isthe thrust (foree along the center- Tine of the airratt reduced for the case indicated compared to nar- ‘mal flight when the exhaust is parallel tothe centerline? 15.77 The exhaust gas from the rocket shown in Fig, P9.77a leaves the nozzle with a uniform velocity parallel tothe » axis. The ens js assumed to be discharged from the nozzle as fee et. (a) Show thatthe thrust that s developed is equal wo pAV?, where A = =D". (b) The exhaust gis from the rocket nozzle shown in Fig, PS.77D {f uso voiform, but rather than being directed along the = axis it js directed along rays from point 0 as indicated. Determine the trast for this rocker. o © Figure P5.77 5.78 (@ie (See Flvids in the News article titled “Where the ‘Plume goes,” Section 5.22.) Ar lows into the jet engine shown in Fig, PS.78 at rate of 9 slugs/s and a speed of 300 fs. Upon land fing, the engine exhaust exits through the reverse thrust mechanism ‘witha speed of 900 fUs in the direction indicated. Determine the re- Yerse thrust applied by the engine to the airplane. Assume the inlet land exit pressures are atmospheric and thatthe mass flowrate of fuels negligible compared tothe air flowrate through the engine, 1 Figure P5.78 15.19. (@B> (See Fluids in the News article titled “Motorized Surfboard,” Section 5.2.2.) The thrust to propel the powered surf board shown in Fig. 5.79 is a result of water pumped through the board that exits a5 a high-speed 2.75-in-diameter jet. Determine the flowrate and the velocity of the exiting jet ifthe thrust is to be Soo tb Neglect the moment of the water entering the puro, Figure P5.78 ‘580 (ibe (See Fluids inthe News article tiled “Bow Thrusters”” ‘Section 52.2.) The bow thruster on the boat shown in Fig. P5.80 is tsed to turn the boat. The thruster produces 2 T-m-diameter jet of trate with a velocity of 10 ms. Determine the force produced by the thruster Assume thatthe inet and outlet pressures are zero and {hat the momentum of the water entering the thruster is negligible. 0 “Te = Figure P5.60 ‘581, Woter flows from a two-dimensional open channel and is di- ‘erted by an inclined plate a illustrated in Fig, P5.81, When the ve Tocity at Section (1) is 10, what horizontal force (per unit width) ie equired to hold the plate in position? At section (1) the pressure Aistibution is hydrostatie, and the fluid acts asa fre jt at section (2), Negleet friction. Sesion (2 & Figure P5.81 4582. If valve ina pipes suddenly closed large pressure surge may develop. For example, when the electrically opcrated shutoft Yalve in a dishwasher closes quickly, the pipes supplying the dish tvasher may rattle of “hang” Because of this large pressure pulse Explain the physical mechanism for this “water hammer" phenom- enon. How could this phenomenon be analyzed?5.83. (Ri A soowplow mounted on x truck clears path 12 ft ‘through heavy wet snow, as shown in Figure P5.83. The snow is $n, deep and its density is 10 Kon. The track waves at 30 mph, ‘The snow is discharged from the plow at an angle of 45° from the direeton of travel and 45° above the horizontal, as show in Figure P5.83. Estimate the fore required to push the plow. ° inp Figure P5.83 ‘Section 5.2.3 Derivation of the Moment-of: Momentum Equation 584 Describe a few examples (include photographslimages) of turbines where the Foreeftonve ofa flowing Mud leads to rotation of ashaft. 585 Deseribe a few examples (inclade photographslimages) of [Pumps were a fluid is forced to move by “blades” mounted on rotating shaft ‘S86 An incompressible id flows outward trough a blewer as indicated in Fig. P86. The shaft torque involved, Ty is este ‘mated with the folowing relationship: Tae = Veg where rt = mass flowrate through the blower, rs = outer radius of blower, and Vy = tangential component of abscte fluid velocity leaving the blower. State the flow conditions that make this formule valid. F | lax +| Figure P5.86 Section 5.2.4 Application of the Moment-of: Momentum Equation S87 (Gi Water enters a rotating lawn sprinkler through is base at the steady rate of 16 gal/min as shown in Fig. PS87. The exit cross-sectional area of each ofthe wo nozles is 0.08 in2, and the flow leaving each nozzle i tangential, The radius from the axis of ‘otaton to the centerline ofeach nozale is 8 in. (a) Determine the ‘esisting tonue required to held the sprinkler head stationary. (®) ‘Determine the resisting torque associated withthe sprinkler rotat- ing with s constant speed of $00 rev/min. (€) Determine the an- ‘Alar velocity ofthe sprinkler if no resisting torque is plies, 267 Figure P5.87 S88 © (G" Five ers of wate enter the rotor shown in Video ‘Y5.10 and Fig. P5.88 along the axis of rotation. The eosesectional area of cach of the three nozzle exits noma the relative velocity is 18 mm? How large is the resisting torque required to hold the Totor stationary? Hovr fast wil th rotor spin steadily if the resisting torgue is reduced vo zero and fa) = OF (b) 9 = 30°, (—)8 = 60”? | vos} | Jase » Figure P5.88, 5.89. (See Fluids in the News article tited “Talless Helicopters," Section 5.24.) Shown in Fig. P89 i a toy “heliootee” powered. Figure P5.89