Selecteel Tapes Ie Mathematics Ph.D Course Qot0 - Pol) Review of Leapt Squares Sphne Interpolation Extrapolation BG Ma . Errer Baaly srSPLINE INTERPOLATION Review Methoel of Least Squares Lnear Regrenier: Is dred fo fit a strenght ime through « set of pomt Ox: Ey) where Paw represented by ys tot ax +e Gikene eve de ee er penviuc| betueess motel soul Gieluawor obvenvat oar (Sty ames) ee een oh ot Pe versal S = ee 2 Siva -aas fe pene Arete rman coer Be of He verkeal obistance He srewgs t hne between, the late ancl Se = 40-31) dr y= Fe feo Seese cy whene ofS Correlation Coe; sciemé.. Ror a per fee&The ttermal equations usec! for evaluating the Coeffrerent Gy, a, ave Na, + a Fx; = Fy; 4.0K; +a, Ixp= Dey, For exauph, poke the expenmental lata fer force. w veloc'ty (led fron a tthe! funnel experimen & vows) = a) Zo go 4o so €e Fe Vo FCW) : 25 Fo 88a Sho blo r2t0 Bo tse GO? Go = ~ 22H 295% Qa, = 49-4024 or FF ~ 234. 22SF TNF G HAY anel ris o-Pfos or r= o-FIPS Linear: decti oe of Noulnenc Kelahons Frere. cxrts many tcilnear relations bucecl ovr the otapenotency of enpermental parameters on cack other Te esual ran —hnear relehons fier below: ave‘Slope =a, 5 Imag lay = na, +a,x olgnomral Regress on Che Simplest pelynommal 5 of Secomol ercler or quadratic Poly roma 1 VY 5 Ae + A,X +a » e See Ff, 40x; eT Mornial eqeinpeat nae 44,56 + a EN 4 TK 4 4 Ex ¢ Me EH; 4. Ex pa, EX a Ef = ZHy:Generally Le Viste Rao ett nt FE The vesu(tiug equations are put mmatera forea n au Ee. Ler V4] (oy ee ag |\e | ee ae tee set exl lan | |O% mate mre: ae Ba sad” |[4n\ [ee Ag egen ple fer Hilti the atktn te leen te: fedeae oveter pelyaonral ce as ae 26 ee a 5as-¢ Schnee yee aire Se 24888 Greer Fo 24FRE | a, 2 2.9543, A, 71860? thas Y= 2.4286 H 23ST + RCCF Xec= ae Zhi - Ae Kp - Oe xs) = BIKES Ly, -F) = 2819-39 251-29 = 2999951 or rs0-99425 ene Regression Paige fear fae of tus or More paolepenctant vooradles far exemple, gs te UK EM TE rename hewmen tare nea tern foran 1h POSS: ax NG; ig pa ets JL Spline Interpelation An alternative apprech fo apply lowei- order Pelynoinalt to subsets of data pent— So Galle! Spline Functor , Vee engl tired Order cuter employed fo Cenect each par of ola ta Ponts aw tated Gabic Spineca) fon A oo we a fo fees a fer i hag Polyrtontcad =O atectahions 02 Aetarpelateg Poly Gl) cubre Spline Linear Sphne Sraplest Connection between five pernte, The frst oreter spines for 2 96e+P of orcteree/ date fend = Lee.) p te O k= e239 he SX QX, Ges Fens Frat) ALEQS fea = fex,_,) Me CK Mn Xn [* LH wWheae m, are Sloper Losing FOO fering ete -X XenExomple? Fit the olata below wrth the first Order sphaes . Evaluate the funchion ab xeg ale hy gies it ais permittee. 1fre. seen Fir example Fact fhe stoper beturcen Ports - Dutta) rates “epves: fo X= Phare phe 25-16 opens wn is :c i: Teele FO) Sgt onder j eee ee fees = Fen) 4 ny OX- 2 24 ae fxn) = fo + 86 CS— 4S) = bT fs $ Wo oe eta 7 Quadratic Splues Ln Hs spline 1 Sécosel oreter polynsmtel for beh whe pout or a eter. Fhe palyremial fr each wnfervel fed = aire bint & for nv1 ponts fhene ane +7 ppdann Ty cant AM phere fore 37 phere are eee OR Sy tntensuss Cas, 6 equntiens oc Conclibas re requveet@ At the saterior knots , the function valees wae be egial jg Fer] auxtebxrc agktbeee, gett bates 5 Pa PO eis Or = FOX | 7 os C2 (4), (2) Proveele Cn=1) or (nti-2) for a tote! of (n-2) Conese ® Gist anol (ast functions must Past through the endls pernt, which actos turo ecclels paral equations = fer ANE Gp be Xe HS = FKD An kh + bk tO Far a total of Can-242)=@4) st oleninbres af knots must be equal efter staxrh ancl generally 2a, Mian tir = 2K, bt)4 For ss 2 ton, provile another Cn-1) comoltions for a ote of angen-t = 39-1 => Conecenolhon short) which need anefler Concl-Kor @ Accume Seema ctervative re (0) ab the firch pont or f. cere 2x +h; fc = 20150 emel ther Aso +0) Example: Fit quacestic spimer fo the Soune olatec Of He previous exemple use the resu/t te erhigede fhe oahee at x: rte, aS 7 q fos 25 1-0 25 os ne haae Cas Pande a ee fateriel, ener Bn = 9 anknowes 2) Eas cy wel tay peers ern HELE oe 70-25 4, HSS AG 2025 ay + 4:5 5p +l. ee Pr ee Baas tt by ty 225 ano 2) Eqs (3) ancl (4) Ga, + 35,+G F253 814 6 G5, FS FOS howel 2) Contra, of olenvatives Creater an addy: Gaz. EC) 9a, +b, = 982 +b, th Qy +b, = 144, + by10: 4) &} 6, a,20 Therefore the probleme vecheceot to & Sys, Soluce’ Seweltone usly oy pation Gives Bis, brat 8 asi 92064, be ~C.26, C, 218-46 42-16 bs © £46, G 2-949 Subichtule gfe the ongnal quactratic ep. Gives Lites orgs 30 S* C76 FeO) = 064K C76 118-46 4S RRS HG Phe S590 Lows rex + 240K ~ a7 and Hee unter of funchin ak x25 Fier G05) 2 066 C5)*~ 67613) + 18-46 = 0-66 ne! Cubic Splines Cubic Gplrer baseal on the olenve of 2 #4 Oroler Polynomial for each se tervial be tucen lenoty ++ I ae 2 how = ay xp b+ Gr 4 ol there ane n reterval, ancl Fer (nt) pends | An untencuns “these are1. 2n-2 Conchhoas 2.92 eneehen, B.(A-1) Comet hans 4 Me Secunol lervahyer at He rwleren kaates prest be egual C1) conchae 5. fhe Stewed otervaktes at be enct knets ane Bere C2 GmetKansy Tle clervatiar °s proceects 1» fhe filiong manier: Sace enck Par of Knate 5 OGnarected by Cubre So fhe Secunel alervahiie ow fiir eack rateruas (5 Straght tine emsof the fing ctoter bagrange vaterpolaking prlyaomial ss appheet =r + @ ficn= Pee ae ef x Xr Ladegrateed tarive to yield an expression far f: 00 Ce ag ee OT Ce 1 hal al can be Crelaaterd using Sanchion eguality Comal voy Fie) = £0) ~% fiewy = fOr, tf aul fhe results hose Os Ce + FOI 06 0) € ~ FOLK fe i) tvci 5 ie £9.09) Condens fue emlenouin fEx,,) and tens Ciba cche ein floc! frum Khe Suet hig Heh the fock atenvaties at the knoks must be Grtfaesr fue fry = $e) ‘ee Fit ame expretred fam olifferenbutin oer ca) (4H) $OK., ) 20% Hi, FON) + Ci ADE) Gene L$ Fena]t gf [Sern fer] say >) if &o.0) 1s writer for al voterer Knots, Cand Siri eprs cevealt pesterk nik et tree econ otenva hve Brompe: G6 cbc splnes te the alata of the Uy area pie cry mace nena tie iF He: Functeh at x55 Solahns Agile Be ti te Femme te et at Crem Remee Oetenaeine #he Selanel atervaties af the Keefe grad, x2 ES $Ouq) 22-5 Sexy 21 Ket F Fee) = 25 (ge3) Fie) + ODES 4 F-45) fw 6 c eie3 = om ee Carri Ey Cae Say13. Since $62) 40 then SF lgsa + as fla) = VE Stentor for 45,4 amet 9 ” Flas) = 6634909 FOF) 27053308 Subs. 1 &y. CF) s Sica eet CMe eees 45a) elus-3) baeaess “ Z 1-6 F909C4- a las 2 | Onn) or : FC = CAPES EE CHI) 1666663 (45-4) p0.agernglt-a) For the first ra ferver/ Struilacly fav He secwnel enol heb ol +n bervad ; 3 balay = 01mg7gl HK) ~ 0102205 Cx~ GS) — 0299621 (4-4) tNOCBP FPS (K-45) eel Lyla) = ~eNPPSHCI Ke) PEI ZICI~ HIF OOD for x5 fils) = blr Pre fon)Extrapolation Gen a cet of Penk x1, X2--Xney Such that KCC Say, Laterpelahion far cleternsination the finch onal verluer fees hes arth the meterval 4 SX E kas, Extrapelahoer atheing the Same “aterpolatng Pelpaomial fo cb6fan Linchetal value Fo whch Nice outsicle the peberval 4, © & Kay, Comcicler fhe fabulatecl fiumchon X (elegy Feed = Sinn ao o-shzo2 oe ieeaaied Be oS ove to wbtwri ple vates ee 22° ag comme, artineg an eterpolatang porabele of tle form Ply = A, x24 ax Fay after substitution cuct evaluation He Couastasty Ahan Plxd= ~20000644x% 0.0/902 x - o-fase Fer x= 22° Plaa) = 0-BF4ES1s Tt 15 carter fo serene the sy ferpitabsig Komuta REED Ay Raila gee RAB xan ue aig) Subs, ened euahtion fhe Comretants fine PCKI® 084202 #001612 (K-20) ~ 0.000064 Gl 4-20 I-26) el ae xeiee PC229= 033465 Ao cxtrapelatect vatee for Lega) rs e6taaed by PUB) = 2 F4t0e F 001612 (38-20) ~0- 0006 C44 ( (92-20d( 72-259 fo S2e05 Ex trapole bon gives very eraancaus peowlthy af *% wr taken foo Far cutsrcle the ontervel XOX § kaa, 7 Shows on Fy, below pew, x Sia x Pex ° eovoe - e-otse Ba oe S2992 #53005 On pio anne? 6 eo ke6e3 RIEL Go fess F240 120 Sure 3241016. er Aas ys Error must be estmatecl chen cu ca berpolatng Pex) %e acca fo approximate = Fiunchon fer) Evrer = fta)~ POX Censeler, the near cure per) = axra, Sabiher fhe concthoas Péx.d = £00), per.) = fox, To expres: fhe error at any Pout F etien the iderval x, =< ZS 2 fmchonr Fees + Gactrackes Ae the foro Fee) — pce, Fic Se aR tay ne ee, . = OX) Oey Ba CRD make! wth Ma properties Fex,j2 Fou) =FC%) 26 ar chou grespbically Taking the olenuentive of Foxy ges fi fe CR Fee SEED =P OO. Cone (8%) CR XD 42 Shown sraphically ee) Foes murt have at fenat ture ener 14 the vatervel KEKE Ke representecl by a Sel & fox. (Rox 8x2) u (2) E¢xp = Fed - PCD - 2Sere po es en, plas aap oe above expression becnes “ “ Z) ~pl2) Pee UGE ty, SECRIERLEDE| Bax) Foxy Shawne gonphreelly net mutt bane af Seart one Pere in the rndervad (a,b) represented! by § thas Foo Fee) Fix)Fie) Sk = Fp) a Selong foe ftw )- POX, phe trrar at Zr obharitee/ Sie ee oe, EE aa = fey poy = Ex FP | 2 As applicaben fake the Same exon ple, Consrote — He Winear mterpolation af Sry. Tf ¢ Sint fn clegree Kh te 10 as wai (Uke fuysone: 0 ONFIES 0-84202 oS 0-425 hnenr cnterpelahion a6 x22 (1S Fran by foer- Fo xem, Sou) - FO) soe -_ Oy = FO, = Groep SECTS AO ss x i Hen Sh 22 = 084362, aches! 0-3 PHT fore surat, fears -(Byenx aus the errr af KE 22 rr = (22 ~20)C 22 -3.0) CF 10) C~ SFP Error = 2 fia: Bose44 Smee fF vs net known, Se lower ene’ upper bene: of He error can be obtwinced by cesing min anol mane, values of 3iax oa fhe vateren/ 20 2% & 0 when X2 Go omcl 2o | 6-5 cnel ©-34202 ane ob Fenced Max, error = 5.04)22 Mune error 2 0.0008? Be error fry Irene raterpelahion omof achuad valug ef On22 er o-0c099 VEEL Y beturen the about max, anol mun ualuty