Hydraulics Structures

S.Thanaraj
J/CE/13/03/19
BCAS
JAFFNA
Content
 What is Hydraulic
 Hydraulic Structures
 The Dam
 Classification of Dam
 Purpose of Dam
 Site selection for a Dam
 Structure of Dam
 Failures in Dam
What is Hydraulics?
Hydraulics is A topic in engineering
dealing with the mechanical properties of
liquids or fluids.

Hydraulic Structure
A hydraulic structure is a structure
submerged or partially submerged in any
body of water, which disrupts the natural
flow of water.
DAM
Dam
Dams are individually unique structures.
Irrespective of size and type they
demonstrate great complexity in their load
response and in their interactive
relationship with site hydrology and
geology.
Site selection for dam
 Needs
 Catchment Area
 Elevation
 Soil Type
 Rainfall
 Benefits
Design features of dams

• Cut-offs,
• Spillway systems, including channels and stilling basins,
• Internal drainage systems,
• Internal culverts, galleries, etc.,
• Foundation preparation, including excavation and grouting
• Construction details,
• Gates, valves and bottom outlet works, and
• River diversion works.
Dam Classification
1. Embankment dams
 Earth Fill Dams
 Rock Fill Dams

2. Concrete dams
 Arch Dams
 Gravity Dams
 Buttress Dams
Earth Fill Dams
An earth fill dam is constructed
primarily of selected engineering soils
compacted uniformly and intensively in
relatively thin layers and at a controlled
moisture content.
Principal variants of earth fill and earth fill–rock fill
embankment dams
Rock fill embankments
In the rock fill embankment the section
includes a discrete impervious element of compacted earth fill or
a slender concrete or bituminous membrane.
Embankment defect mechanisms
and failure modes

 Overtopping
 Internal erosion
 Seepage
 Piping Embankment and
foundation settlement
 Instability
 Arch Dam

Buttress Dam
Structure of Concrete Dam (Gravity)
Typical Forces for a Gravity Dam
Concrete dams defect
mechanisms and failure modes
 Overtopping failure.
 See page.
 Landslide failure.
 Collapse
Cut-offs and control of
under seepage

 Open trench cut-off

 Grouted cut-off
 Diaphragm cut-off
 Upstream blanket
Conclusion
In Civil Engineering, Hydraulic structures are more
complicated and huge like Dam/ reservoir
 Dams are individually unique structures.
 Two generic groups can be made in terms of the
principal construction material employed.
 Dams have interactive relationship with site hydrology
and geology
 Construction style may vary with purposes
 Construction and Failure consideration like seepage,
instability, overtopping etc.
References
 Lecture Notes.

 The Dam Site. 2015. The Dam Site. [ONLINE] Available

at:http://members.optusnet.com.au/~engineeringgeologist/page18.html.
[Accessed 03 December 2015].

 Dam Design and Construction, Reservoirs and Balancing Lakes. 2015. Dam
Design and Construction, Reservoirs and Balancing Lakes. [ONLINE] Available
at: http://www.hydrocoop.org/dam-design-construction-reservoirs-balancing-
lakes/. [Accessed 03 December 2015].

 Alpsu, I. (1967) Investigation of water losses at May reservoir, in Transactions of

the 9th International Congress on Large Dams, Istanbul, International Commission
on Large Dams, Paris, Q34 R27.

 Attewell, P.B. and Farmer, I.W. (1976) Principles of Engineering Geology,

Chapman and Hall, London.
Thank You