* D LS U College of Engineering, DASMARINAS Architecture, and Technology Schematic Diagram Electrical Symbols General NotesLearning Objectives + To be able to read and understand a schematic diagram + Know the different electrical symbols used in schematic diagram and electrical plans . Have an idea on how to make general notes on electrical plansSchematic Diagram * Circuit diagrams, aka schematics, are line drawings that show how a circuit's components are connected together. + Aschematic diagram serves as a map or plan for assembling electronics projects, and they are easy to read * You can read and successfully build from a schematic diagram without understanding the circuit. + Schematic diagrams are made up of two things: symbols that represent the components in the circuit, and lines that represent the connections between them.Schematic Diagram * Connections + Ifa line runs between components, it means that they are connected, period * The connection can be a wire, a copper trace, a plug-socket connection, a terminal block, or anything else that electricity will run through without much resistance + The length of a line also has nothing to do with the connection’s actual distance in real life.Schematic Diagram * Connections + Lines represent connections, but where two lines cross, it doesn’t necessarily designate a 4-way shared connection + The most common way to make this distinction is to put a dot over the line intersections that indicate connections, which means that any line crossings without dots are all unconnected #4 Connected Not ConnectedSchematic Diagram + Connections + Schematics use special symbols to show different types of power and ground. + A power or ground symbol may appear in multiple places on the schematic, but it always means a connection to the same point. L rh > Earth Ground Chassis Ground Signal GroundSchematic Diagram * Connections + Schematics use special symbols to show different types of power and ground. + A power or ground symbol may appear in multiple places on the schematic, but it always means a connection to the same point. Power SourceSchematic Diagram * Components + Each circuit component is represented by a symbol that indicates the general type of component and a label that points to its particular specifications + Formal schematics label each component with a parts designator, which is a code made up one or two letters identifying the component type + For example, R for resistor, C for capacitor, followed by a unique number for that type in the circuit (e.g. resistors R1, R2, capacitors C1, C2, etc.)Schematic Diagram * Components + Each component symbol has some number of connection points to which lines can be drawn. These correspond to the leads (or other terminals) of the physical component. + For resistors, ceramic capacitors, and some other simple components, it doesn’t matter which way the leads connect. + But with most components, the leads have a set orientation or perform different functionsElectrical Symbols + Basic electrical symbols represent a resistor, capacitor, integrated circuits (IC), ideal source, etc. These symbols help create accurate diagrams and documentation. + An electric circuit can be described with mere words, however, a simple and visual way to describe an electrical circuit should be diagramming it using basic electrical symbols + Electrical symbols represent electrical and electronic components.Electrical Symbols for Schematic Diagram + Sources -) yt IF = “Qe Battery Voltage Source Current Source AC Source Controlled Controlled Voltage Source Current SourceElectrical Symbols for Schematic Diagram + Resistors Fixed Resistor Variable Resistor Potentiometer * Capacitors — se —r— Capacitor Capacitor Variable (non-polarized) (polarized) Capacitor * Capacitor is used for filtering signal. Filters are used to convert pulsating DC signal into a pure DC signalElectrical Symbols for Schematic Diagram + Inductors ais oes at. Inductor ron Core Variable Inductor Inductor + Diodes Diode Zener Diode Light Emitting Photodiode Diode (LED)Electrical Symbols for Schematic Diagram + Meters Voltmeter Ammeter Ohmmeter Wattmeter * Lamps/Light Bulbs a Ba >Electrical Symbols for Schematic Diagram + Switches oa —o) — —oi Single Pole/ Single Pole/ Double Pole/ Momentary Switch/ Single Throw (SPST) Double Throw (SPDT) Double Throw (SPDT) Push Button + Others ee Transformer Antenna Speaker Crystal OscillatorHow to Read a Schematic Diagram 1. Familiarize with the Standardized Electrical Symbols * Knowing what the symbols in your electrical drawing mean will help you find different components. + Symbols usually resemble specific meaning + Familiarize yourself with descriptions for electrical components, understanding that different symbols appear for different objectsHow to Read a Schematic Diagram 2. Learn reading pattern + Read schematics in the pattern that you would read text. + With rare exceptions, schematics should be read left to right and top to bottom. The signal being generated or used by the circuit will flow in this direction. * The user can follow the same path that the signal uses to understand what the signal does or how it is being modifiedHow to Read a Schematic Diagram 3. Identify component polarities + Some components to a circuit board are polarized, meaning one side is positive and the other negative. This means you have to attach it in the specified way. + For most symbols, polarity is included in the symbol. + To identify the polarity of the physical part, a general rule of thumb is to find out which metal lead wire is longer. The longer part is the + side. * Other components have markings to indicate polarity.How to Read a Schematic Diagram 4, Understand name and values + Values help define exactly what a component is. + For electrical components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors, the value tells us how many Ohms, Farads, or Henries they have + For other components, like integrated circuits, the value may just be the name of the chip.Electrical Symbols for Electrical Plan + Electrical symbols used on an architectural plan show the location and type of electrical device required. + An Outlet is defined as a point on a wiring system where current is taken to supply utilization equipment + Receptacle outlets + Areceptacle outlet is an outlet where one or more receptacles are installed Single Double Triplex Receptacle Outlet Receptacle Outlet Receptacle OutletElectrical Symbols for Electrical Plan + Split-Switch type Receptacle outlets = +2 Double Triplex Receptacle Outlet Receptacle Outlet + Special type Receptacle outlets Swe Serer Weatherproof GFCI Receptacle Outlet Receptacle OutletElectrical Symbols for Electrical Plan + Special-Purpose outlets * Symbol includes subscript letters indicating the equipment used. (i.e. DW = Dishwasher) + Lighting outlets + These are outlets intended for direct connection of any lights. The maximum number of lighting outlets that can be connected in one circuit or line is ten (10). OO oT Incandescent Lights Fluorescent LightsElectrical Symbols for Electrical Plan + Switch outlets s $2 Single-Pole Switch Double-Pole Switch + Switch outlets for multiple lights $3 S4 Three-Way Switch Four-Way Switch + Symbol includes subscript letter/s indicating the light/s that the switch is controlling (i.e. Sabe = switch for lights a, b, and c)Electrical Symbols for Electrical Plan + Miscellaneous outlets © —<— — com Fan/ Exhaust Fan Telephone Light Panel Power Panel KK 22> Service Entrance Ceiling Paddle Fan Ceiling Paddle == Three-Wire Two-Wire Fan W/ LightGeneral Notes and Specification + Specification written on electrical plan should indicate: 1. That the design is done in accordance with the PEC and all electrical works shall comply with the provisions of all authorities having jurisdiction on the use of electrical power. 2. The nature of the service including voltage, phase and frequency. 3. The type of approved wiring to used in installing service entrance, feeders, sub-feeders, branch circuit conductors, remote control system, fire protection, signal and communication system. 4. Allother aspects and details that the designer and the owner would want to be done in the actual construction of the project.General Notes and Specification * Sample General Notes 1. Works here under shall comply with the latest edition of the PEC, the national building code, municipal or city ordinances, office of the municipal or city electrician, & Meralco. Type of services shall be 230 volts, 1 phase, 2 wire system, 60 hertz and there shall be only one service drop to the building. Method of wiring shall be EMT both exposed and embedded work with proper fitting and supports. In cases where concealed conduits wiring is impracticable to use, metal moulding may be applied All materials and equipment shall be new and approved type for both location and purpose intended.General Notes and Specification * Sample General Notes 5 All lighting and convenience outlet circuit homeruns shall be wired with no less than 2 sq. mm and 3.5 sq. mm respectively, unless otherwise indicated on the plan. Lighting and power panel board shall be circuit breaker type surface or flushed mounted or as indicated on the plan; door shall be provided with locked and milled key, a line circuit directory card and holder shall be provided in inner face or door. Whenever required and necessary, full boxes and junction boxes of proper sizes shall be installed at convenient and inconspicuous locations although such boxes are not shown on the plans nor mentioned in the specification. All outdoor installation shall be weather proof type. All electrical work shall be done under the direct and immediate supervision of a duly licensed Electrical Engineer.The La Sallian Prayer “I will continue, O my God, to do all my actions for the love of Thee.” St. John Baptist de La Salle, pray for us. Live Jesus in our hearts, forever.