The objective of this project was to produce a document of using Mechanica Structure

in an optimisation study. A pressure vessel is chosen as an example for this

optimisation study. The reference pressure vessel is attached in the Appendix. The
real pressure vessel had too many detailed features which we have excluded in this
study due to the complexity of creating geometry and performing analysis. However
the model we created is sufficiently complex for this study.

Check on viscosity correction

2
Heat flux, q = 411/4.5 = 91.3 kW/m
ΔT across boundary layer = q/h = 91,300/2895 = 32 °C
Mean wall temperature = (15 + 65)/2 + 32 = 72 °C
-2
From table, μ ≅ 300 mN m s
w
0.14
μ/μ = (0.44/0.3) = 1.055, so correction would increase the coefficient and reduce the area
w
required.
Leave estimate at 8 lengths to allow for fouling.
Solution 12.3
Physical properties. from tables
Steam temperature at 2.7 bar = 130 °C
Mean water temperature = (10 + 70)/2 = 40 °C
3 -1 -1 -3 -2
Density = 992.2 kg/m , specific heat = 4.179 kJ kg °C , viscosity = 651 x 10 N m s,
-3 -1 -1
Thermal conductivity = 0.632x 10 W m °C , Pr = 4.30.
Take the material of construction as carbon steel, which would be suitable for uncontaminated water
-1 -1
and steam, thermal conductivity 50 W m °C .
Try water on the tube side.
-3 2 2
Cross–sectional area = 124 (Π /4 x (15 x 10 ) ) = 0.0219 m
Velocity = 50000 x 1 x 1 = 0.64 m/s
3600 992.2 0.0219
-3 -4
Re = 992.2 x 0.64 x 15x10 = 14,632 (1.5 x 10 )
-3
0.651 x 10
2
 -3
From Fig 12.23, j = 4 x 10
h
-3 -0.33
Nu = 4 x 10 x 14632 x 4.0 = 92.5
-3 -3 -2 -1
h = 92.5 x (632 x 10 )/ 15 x 10 = 3897 Wm °C
i
Allow a fouling factor of 0.0003 on the waterside and take the condensing steam coefficient as 8000
-2 -1
Wm °C ; see section 12.4 and 1