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Mechanicsofstren00chur PDF
Mechanicsofstren00chur PDF
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PART n
StKEKSJTM Of iV(ATERlAls.
€.^.\ \he jauU ci eacli ei^d. l& ^^ana die to3]; )& s*^^ To W w*i-
olcs ^AD a>ai5 BCD oTMirialW ricjlit an^^U^^ are now -shr>a1lev
^ H cer\a.i¥K. amount £ ^
ABC and A^C Xar^ey V>y cut €<3«.cal
cWdisWTs ic> the scfcla^lcuice ^5 otum Soi«*i l^ody ma.y i^e constdeKd
are e«<:K "^i*^** Wfcrre tV<£ \>cciy is S*Aje.c!»2ci fe TKs ^x-cHon of farces
"buC vuKick o' e not ^ecfs^ianly cubes. A luie* ^ iucU e\ct\tsn(5
IKiS «ioe3 net r\ec£S5rdin\y vr.^ply ap'^^'*^"'^ naluire- irt Rte mcdsr^i-
o\ tn ^^^^sTfOix, I n«i ^yskiw ©j irT>a.<::^ii'>avy <«^tivty sur][ac€S W
vJhicK ^-x^ \3c^y W \\\mS Suj^diVidecl nc«4 laot Consist cnRrely of
|>latie5 '5 m the. suo^Vt of Ic^rsion, |or msTcwice^Hte "jpara)lelo))>j>a<.
l<rtn ef fixfetna.! T«js~c«5 atflmy <?!> i^^e 'h^dy are ftl<3w^«^t?«i5 «>-
queit Uaci. or ike t<eix5(«f> jper anii 4 a^£<2 «/* ixs c-v^^s Hficiton i?<-
/Sjress ts disirt hided /ercy . <tri</ ti^s tnien ?fiy ctian^ j^otrd cf
i/ie area. i%
vi'Aere P- f dt<j.( force and F th( "idtdi olY€xx over >ir/iio/i jf ii<f/s. l}t
f>(an€5 on yukickikt (orcts aci , jsui dker stresses cU%o o-re induce cd
on so?ne <?ra/^ iniertusX sar/^ac«« j4/^A;cii Separate cUtneni from d-
€me«t,/cyer otn^si atoKeiKe forces v^tirk wliic/i fk^ c^emerrf^ mo.^
/lave cLcied on €ixek oik^r tefcre-tke af>jjlico:TioK of tkc exfcrna/
siressei ou ait si)c 0^ ib faces ^~io<\^k€r vviiK ils wei^Ht, {jr?na i?<xittJi^
llie s^essei o\\ AB^ now cnc of 1^6 bcancVinu savfaces <?f
l^^c
j^enoliWar "to (it? ojcts f?/ ifu^ fcar "^/t^ stress is feasKe and normgi
(fo fiiose ^Dlan^s). Si-nee tf a :&ecTtz>^ »»/^re ma^t M\(yij.e io tkt ax-
is o( i\i€ hour, "/(le ^itess would ^illl foe jjcxraUe! ioike ox\s for
reasons ds cthove ^ iv U e^lde^i: Huxl on ait QbUciie s«<rfioT\, -//it ^ress
sAci^ tltoi ffie tfa-fe <)f iTd+eYTial airess is i/tc sanie <x,« /k<;t<' of i/t£
YOi/ unoUriension e^ct-j^i iiuit ffLi «#rnta( sire^sfit ore. ©jf cwdi^ir
§;8/ BLEM. 3rRBS5B.S,dc.
ri/ slqn^i.t- comhrts^'y-Ye iTisread of renziie^ and ikoi ike iliea.ri)va s^re*^-
t^s (or iencfefvc'j -^osliae) OK ol3ti(^LLe l^ianis are ojopastire in direct (on to
= OL irt Icnotk cind wKick }xa6 Twc [a.c£S jaavaliej Tc the )>'^j>^r_^
'htlrtcr token vitav tKe iT>\c)ic^le of ttie ro4 m j('^, I'^S. "Let ftcaw-
\ny CIS W'for^ Jh^xY actioii . I ne ve sal Cant sXYe.53 oi Hie jaxe A6
lie^'rv^ oj c»vv inrev^slty "b ~ TP-r F^ (^5ee eo^, iZj ^dcv umt erf lycms-
\f<irse »ecJiO Y^ d\ rod ^ is ==r 1> Qa, 5t«^ ocJO/. Hence its component
For ft, ro4 itv. sim(7)e te>rvs*ot^ we VvAve^ en «3«-)>la.o t nicvkivi^ ^^vtait-
^rce P ai- e(Lch ejid ri^^^^arij h Proluce. ncptui-e of elf her iQni
'
wAert(i( = bSi: isf^uni h\j putttnj
p sinoL cos<^=^ Zoo:.
596 fU. r>er inzk VV/fenca ^sincc^p ^F-^T^ F~ JooJk
f^ .
scf^. ,
er
t;-^ C^ £««e
IS ..rf n,e <^u..,),Ty as > ^ [.e, lU, >.r s.
§ )8^ £LEM. STKESSES 6_
o| ^VcLce. r Jn tVic stcLv^cT of str«hct)i o"J rnaTe vial^ Hie
'';ei4diiK^ ii^ aan.ou.Act xA^&t- ti-t- zi-x <:M:f^i^Jui%ci-?' 4 '^'^'^'^^~ ~^^-^^- <^^«-^ '^^'^^'
Jvft
Hv* dii^k ivmit; itvis IfV'asWii cjifts E.^ far vfr^fe^M mn ISM^M
d^vibl*- tke E^ l^tv ca.«i Irem., %'kdv +H« cGmjJs'^^^iN^^ S-he^-^es ^l^V^t-
0\\ al'moBi €?celu'jivel>j In CteAliua vwlm todies of ccrlaiu -f orju-i n-uc^er jjecu-
•m-aft^,' e,g. tie oolldjjslna ot h^^'dtr tube?>, avid in. sont dearte ijie flev^-
ocieriidt svjSteMi consisfina of Iwc eawi! aii^i oib^iife fofca oMt cd tack
t^ of -fKe j^tece CLwdl dlWetfed awa<j |^runi€aok mker, are c^vatrunU colW
ca5€S
^f
SHEARIMS; a-fw/sW^OLfi cue olTdRSION. lyAen-Hte
Qrouyv.+\i |o»'«^^ d^t -to ike wetoairs of -fk eUmevus a^eolso c/>KJtcl-
eY6o( a <ton<\r>l'noiicM oj-ksc oYmi>re o/t/i^ /oreaccun genemi Cixse^
stqu -fnc )oi6c< o^if-> iodAlm Hud ilte cire/aitesf atvc^s, In vvfiaWer Je-
ineni if *^iavj occ^y, ^kcJl^iof e^tceed (X %a^ value ; ana ^onieftm^ Ai^
fk«-tmor< f-fi Ltcveitt kbo qr£aT dte/ormo^Tlon ^u4fie JMtxiof fKc (otecf.
^afficW ST/FFNBSS.
/^^. TEMPERATURE STRESSES, if a^iet^ 1% uUnr suck
cofi^Tmaluf ikaf if Is no"f fret io ckauci€ lit ^orvx wifri ckduafcj tf
iekiberaiuye, e^+erH(3i I -farcer ate indu^eoi.-fkfc ^'ivesje/J trdducccf
ENSiON.
ip.HOQKE'S LA W BY EXPEJ^I/VIENT. /S^ a-K^icaUxj^mit^
pi^e teu5i«n c^alona rod ^ cL^tCU rtzetcd sucia^wrotLaW Irau^ctM
X Ah TTTTTt IL
' I.
(tHci'US>
0.000082
2X >7 .000186
3X 0.0015
// X ,ooodji^ .001
sy. .0665 .6COA7S .002]
6 X .33J .0S6S .000 6/0 .00^
.3p .CS6 .OD/i
S X .QSQ .000/66 .00/5
^ X . SI 55 .06^5
/ox .082S .Clf(j
// X .16Q ./6^5
>2 X .ssc .66?
eic.
^
IcoLd Iti on^ €^ pr^meni, F Hit tn^t ^edim cf-i^^ wd; feetictf tfer
??i^ii^
^f
i^ ei^Xi^lm ^ sW/^ a4£> i^ eqmi if /ife<?4e's iiw ts
Irvie. Jf Vi/iK ip-c n«iit«l? inihsrkJd<^ fLxL fhlt is ^t^ tuwriy huf
if PanJ if^ are amj iwo Ucds fceU^ Hu t^, and X atui X, ik^ tmrc^-
Si) iVicix) i\iAlc<r(-€ -H^t -tetisiU sf-u-^s aftlu; "tld^iic /iniiil. T/iesi
(jpToyi><^ H •o k<*> (aw) aiic^ if f^^^y ^^c( oC'' are 1^^ an<^ic3 »>cdf
mS ^
T^miMi -r-:— 2^
vujbfojr^ cxtcxtrs a:(as-fre^ c j ^"3 iC-C lin. per ^'p mck ^f mm-
$ m •!_„
I <
i^ § 207 i ,I_|
1 -
fi^r^.d'?'
=^rH
E
208
§ ^'^
§/^3 TENSION. IS,
b€Tiw\<ni in iKeioifc iA §l(jl, fhii Yelarti\i€ lo^eraXc^n-
iTac+i©n or decrease oj dicaneieT -^'i^o4: afC ^Le^aiwd
0^QCC02^ In Hie cas£ ofc&i^flron o^wJlwcrcl ^k^eeUik^
%IU
1*?6,
TENSION
RESaitNCE or A 5TB£TCHED Pf? ISM .
^
fi^, ^o:^
X-d
v.;|i^rc V i-i tKc <ioluTne of "!:[(<: brlstti . TKf ^iiait+L^ ^T*'C'\o^
y^cxk dtyin vtLZ'\rid^tkli^&x<iMi9 da^Tiz jnni'l a tabic Ivxh o-f+lif
i{n\e vTv vrfc'i.ii?.i'V;Q to Wml c^o.>TiC 4i'^^'^U b^^/s^s o4 ike sa'me iylq-
tW: ^iasftc Limn Itjfke )^>cnit o\ TubKt^f -for ^<xck vi?t+i(ULL sjri^
.
3l<li TEMSION. a.
I.e. 4!t€ vvoifk dene b>j ^kx s"Keis h oivottt {ctee cf a cvtbic tucii
rKYCUcjk ilife <!lU4a-&ce it ^ err intT^rfveiiV of elxnx^tff^on
G.CK+K,)=iP.X, (.6)
I:a">vc^ % -fTom is
(See e<j. ^l) S 1C||); «bte< P» «v Fyx is-J-U Uac( KaiviSiu*^ iiL|;?<;i»ik«
J,t.^ A r-tke aivounH c^ue4o R-^ bUa an e>-'ievtsun ^a<IucA liA-(f l^^
,].a3r iiowUre 0xdieedl a sa|^^, mU^*- 6'*T'-v Ef {^§ /^/ ariJ l(j//).
t^-Ojy i"S see-Kvio fc^ <M iU a^ijj<:r te^id wWe % ^l. T^^ /^'»'-
.VL^HJliL"^ ^I!:4.
ivHnnt^l (o^^a^ j^ . Let If ii^ et^ftUd (9-^ rev 6 (u-
a-fR==FT' .
iO
in wfeicA. {X dthoii^ M\£ w<^<3^f ofrte ji^orH^ac of ffu -scitd. Ixlowp.
CO one((/y),' i.e. .
^ y;it v
bu |ii<hi<*^ \>oii\ VILA'S , -f fv-e r<5di ^ufi fc< u-ac^t aTt-v-tlor*. P, t^uftl
in va/ut to+rv* fpvc.^ wkick wcnia h^ y^ce^so-iu f» f;>o<liu^e {\ie ?.i<m-
,
im TENSiON. 20
-tie^ trf al>|>lkc«t44«n "Hie joair of €ic+cntft.t (orC4?$ (rr^xlufiUc {kt tbii-
^f
vCfioiina "Hu^ sJoftrii^Kf. Buf i^ fit twe oiterual (t^fct^ axe dUiefit-
l»j ^)u>W, (i^f tmU^s n<^nfe4r*<A« jbolH'^ ^f /«t«Tat tk^jj^nrt are broyidlftv
»eciw>H -f/i< WtfdfS iroj^c^ /jchty oi^tii -Hiree orfflu.Tiimcs a^fcn^ ot*
i!i^: iilx^t bior^k, 1^ behiQ tfie a*yi\|i>e"i?jwrn J3<^t sa-^ii A}'a?ai«f fraA^'-
ma.ki!^a i-kf blcsck ih-vef c-r |vx/.,y tuiucij as-, l^'i^a tV'^Ht/tde, ^Ijice oik-
:.f
<^ 1 •filial ikt |fu;ftDVL t)U tk^ ctid'^ vvouU <!i(Uu'4e "itc 3lec4+oi.Uwa
m
ri o
O
o
o CI
i H
m
m
CO
O r^ C> O O^
O C^ t In o
O g ^^O C:. 2:
C^
Or
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O Oo
C*>
O C>
^
o ^ ir
c> 4
o ^ O
S <^
c:> -3^
<b O ^^ ^ C,
o o c> o oo
(The Qtojf^c awd deaUh t>f tt« )?ve^e^li w^rk aJ-N^ili: ofixolHi-
u\Q lucre . F-ar ahu^i^da.vc\ dttdJii o^ike ve^uWi o^f^e ^^itote iw-
Ftj
,
ri^;;
I , And
—
I
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Kjincn In \itmi\A-i
^ —?—^>6v-
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S'^uwi-t mcH
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m
O o o o
^ O o P ft
B^ o o o
o h ILi
o o -
o o o
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i
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yj^^^ -ll^LiOCO (U.po ir^.uv
MO^ EX A MPLES^^lKXEJmJk COMPRESS, Z±
•llvj -3. .21 fi. U>M^ a\vd 5..0a iu.X LlO'iu. tnut."ii(m< A+ifu ek-r
•i!i^-- i^lv-Ji »
t1-5 middlt Yc«i upoA ^Vpne tne.'f^ii, T-^.quived iae Wiiott^d^^^ \i^(L\i\^
1 Afi^u-^kt Invi udk we've $iralfted ^VtsuktoJbl^ b-c-joVv^ ftc cUsllc im-
' <
(,
p ett j ,D f weidJ u<]* B el »^ iHoal<&«t bit^ ii I ^ u^tUi, •M^ki^i.U. Mil
ro\ e?<-<xrApu, lU'll^e c^-Jv: o{- PkcievM^ i-?ou \vite\v^U>\. tup ,''>-»
i^ i > pVi*^du-6^.«i h\i i^u.'viiu^ flit 'j.he.'b'* 't'D vct«u frDU'v *to ^;2,2oO ti?.
(
§S q6 EXAMPLES -
W TEM3, kCChAPR^cS^^ i
2(^J,
RIVETS T/ie aw^jo-Ut cU^iotiirji^li: .<i^ ^^a^
iH iU cijeTpvettU t>f a h&d^ U ^}?<4i«tt^ "b l?e prN*ii:i ^^r \\\ tb case
% ^07 SHEA8)fslQ X-^
The let^vin^ or sKearinG <Jul <rf llie- "bart of tKe j^lale Ijefweff^
«^{ Uiisik "force eo the jdint l>t » Q-> £«icK ri'vct Ace also ¥^\
2OS3 ^^exl,o5.A r„ eock of two of If* secf.i^S to a sUav a/
•^ ^,, hence for safeVy AjaiV,st tKearm^ of vWcts we wC
Alp or.£
^Qi^
row of rw.ls
f ^oiV-
i« H,e m««, Vlat«
..oj
Hv* Mct.^'n^I d,»<a 4yve-
Q=c^-2<i)tr' (r;
^4
•^Wnee
tut%-c'".^e.i uiu^^tis
N 4
fe <l^e ca.4.„,io,v^ »;ac ri.e rivet 1,,^
•*
,'.«.
^
f^;.e edge of N.e >i„f ., vtLr^ -.eK4lea U lifu^^^i
b.^.(]«tl, ferine cover- f>)are wei,KS-t },<,ve
^Q ^
• <mJL Ctci < ^ Q ^ <
If >ft Twetj don<* -:. iKcr Ules closely a Uy«p
^%g(?g .
^HEAfimg. p
its value i?€(«rt "siram, wl!Li«<uxJiIi^.a4^
TJi^ v<».(v».^
^f
E5 I*''
dU-^erai^^$til>4«^<s£5 r«'ml>si<!A^i^[d«-
Ltt" etc aiid 3z. be i:V^ wlfltk a»(^ keldfei c^^llte elemenf
W>«T , L-t~i +ti. infcx^il^j ot\^^ %\^\' t« tie Tia{it dawd fiti
W =i^^ t(^oa bw flte "t&p |(3ure :=r t TKtn |oYifve ele^etif <xs
gt ret ijo(i>j, "fo-kincj mewjeft^s ato^ct 4Jied)cW b€YJDe'K(ivc*»'Ur
I
U jpajjcr ,vy€ kave
JiL2i ^REAKIM. M
£v2n 1 1- mere w^e aUo 4^$^lmi5 ^ a>^i frrcsst djis) oh cut or-U-Si
irmlt
W-iRatsitre
iSOCi
u iooc
j«fi^5ii,aic»gf 500
fikelj U 1200
.—»
i^\
P^Siirtl
§212 :SHEAmHa^ .,. .^.3^
b^j Pri^t. BAtrr* Takni^ <ut f|€;fe^i4«i ^e^*^ ^'J^ f^ ^4' *'H
p ^ jQO Tlss, "^e-r so. jnckj ««£ ^ WS' ^ J^OOC co^ Ii^\
i ^xaitib U -21 . A -i- in- fiir^ of w^unaKt iroti/tn m^\<^U
'At CfiK
~ incii r Iv'efs i?e s^fltceci civ cn^ row , birrf itw S r: ^000
.
i^i Wt ?
Now 3£)D^0 43540 d^^.2 , sa^ q.C . Witk +(i£ nine meb
In o^c row tii« rt<k\jLcm s^tiioK of tfce insic(e jsUfe ^
R^.«i^ ^^'<$
..*"*A
fiZm TORSION 55
all^j riQlii auaU^J tiie amoani c] ci.U4orf(on. fc*Int[ o-Sii inn feci
Tixe /ie(v.^ au^(gj iite p>r7uer Uef ot trans vey-9£. pone ,t^ m
latier In a j^/ante -ia'>'^q<^n"t io+k'€. cglbdlc'r , ^ow "^r
Wt«, "tA -ilMit yiK*aiules , Twt'*" h, ike slua!rirx:j -stress £)>t^ ^ace »f
twi tltmt»ti wbicll fofiti^ fitteirf of^xitaKt^vtTi?^ s^Un and vifkosedyk-
-(k* 'Wat diuor m\ ike -face b ti F^ dif UVm iie area «^^ |otf€.
2/6. TORSIONAL STREt(&TH. vv^at^ Tio^tcA^in^^-
%.^'-
.;>-*,«i-4%.»'
%2i6 SHEARiNd 35
crlbes a ^l^oce =*j- aoi« j smd 4ke mean Vfl^ttve oJ^Hu |jtte ~^I^
(s« §1]}. HeuceTke \N0^k ^Mm \ti4«(iiilnfl is
Ij -for |j wi wtU^ S'' (_M5(!fttil« o-f «a4 ^-ii^aurUi^) vv£ Ure |ar
V
\
S^^fc SAf£AR/r44. TOR^L^A/ -
51
gy,|ggW^e( tu "(wfs^t^^ tN. ^U^tf wkc5^ dsWt Cr-^itJTi^toxrttiW^Ha
For -Hte ^|€f%i of -Ik sUff Pa iTutsf :=^ -^^4^ , ^om e^*<^3j,
CL»u<i wift I^ ^=~inr* a*ki e^^r ,vtt Itdire |iHai^ , d<j{¥tuA |or t
pi^e lUs i-K "fa<,o^^ oi- mallm . ThU m^^rloiv o|- Ike pi?it<ii*[u)n
*9
^
^oa) value of
^
^ *
1 08« *^ " set
^*
Force b1«ne *^
$
,.^
r
§ 9.2X TORS i OK! J58
viol u7n etjU'O^'to tW^ ?^ ^-C l^^ni^^^ufjf*^ an4 iKis ^^Vcxl. <iis •
?T«>rF»eT»t (^, \ixrs%m ., (Xs me ^We Wjst;-^ five dTum m^d ha-
per move unier the |>etipnl |W^^<<^h av\ mi^k c^ucxi t Ui^a*?-
s«jr V it^^K wWtck IS <»> safe \f<x\u,t |<?v" <mv^ 'jeiVoas met -
%il35 TORSION^ 371
'
H.R -^Z0m'%,60)<JiTr X 3 - 33^(30 = 5/^ H.P.
£)Si^Bi
l^QD H. ana rmtte 6t) rey. |3<?r imnuf e, f^ |n<xictir«t>n
€x|7o^€cf TRA Ki%^ a-io* otK^^ o^alt irif^u i(^ wiiit^H^t lo^e «{•
CHARJE.
FiejMtre £?t jtf^n£>^u«^^8U Prisma uW«r ter bekuuc-
^(ixr hr^A^ lu ®ne blasts -
tk£ au^ £)^ i4£ |jt^2c« audi (ie in. &vjt ^io^u^ ^ci )ii«^^ he,ooJM
Hit fijrce-jb/aiie 3 ikt jatte-j^am/t conial'ns Ae axis &{ iU ^im
d^d cuis eojth crns^ '^cticn cfii^rrm<^fri«*llv;
iT>m^ |^<'ce-|)ldK^
jJc-TJ^tiPidiCc^clat mtdt &hn£^ wilck iiieelc-
-meiiis 6| H^ dolU e?ej?en€viee tio tension. Tior eem^v«Aa\©n
t^ aTK oujclai cllte^iioii^ ^s teUa called ii« W£tfTRAL
'
SURFACE; .
^
Uiiu| caty 4t HEUTRAL LIME or ELASTIC C(//?VE,
ii^ ttn^Ucf or ^€)cttre ^t fie jnece U so aliafcf ^fia^- ati ein-
(7J TTie (/imcn^i ctts o^- TlIU crt^ ^teflon are ^mali c^w-
jjAnd' wtfk fiK, ki^tL c^tke hl^e;
[8) Tktre h VLO'sli^ar berpWtcwar'faiic ^rc« jjiUnt en
iVfetiuxt ^ar^ces jpferibcuciiaLiaf'ib™^*" pane
•
>t— %.
fc * ••
i^ I I* •
<V«^ A ^ /| All
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F;<^,^n
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R^.52S' /
V ^'
J § 333,
f^l^.Z2$ § 3 33
§ 22 f TieX RE I' -f 2
In me local Uy v^^Vicrs an^ one at ftte exl^tnal forces t^
abV^iCA^ ,
]6QaX Presses are 4 coui^se m<?»uxe<l whscK (demand
.;
4rawa <3tt the \ritcr;sect*oti lines* ^ clfier v%ft^4.S^lK8 Sids vias/
line . lo Cons {dcrln^ \k«. wW*!^ |3ris«n ^t-ee wQ^l%a^ I^E Sjs-
T<rrt
vy« 'K<jye
'^^ ^J ord
'[p =.
T m
"P 4~ T^
«^vL\1ir{ttm^ wVtcnce
a«4 -fvoivi
{r^sv*^
"S^C^o^. ak^ilto)
2^^
^
AdAmS ^ tt^C Voa^ lUkferv Awoy ^>ain iKe "iiiidlT^ wWK iiifcffc,
t'L^u^^^s J
one ab(j\f€^ lie oiW b^UN*^* tU "HaclWl ^\a|3u>2,
in wd'tck ^ ---.
dic.hxuc« of fjue centra o^ <n(XM\'^ of tIu c-ra^s-sec-
Tii^"^ ts^'i'k^ skear GjH^-s lie a(.2^tme ^iim of "fie o^eTndi |&f-
fen.
22^. THE MMSrr. Byik''ti^-mn^i^cj tUr^'',cruv^
Thc&€ -iwcf <^i 0.^ ^r<ti{elvt.:i4»ikjik, n<?^ ^dn^' kit fk $aine Jbt,
lu^.
^
§2^1 FLELX^RE 44
To
8 _ ct^^
03*4 fiencc |rsii6. w« We
€^. {^)
nittsi fcettto/ff.
2^-2. RESILIEHCE OF FlEXU/?£. If fieeKfernal^^
§§l^£,i
§333 ELA STIC CORVES.
ELASTIC CURyES.
^
233. CASE I. mKlZ£)HTAl PRISM/KTIC BEAW,
Si/PPDRTED AT BOTH ENDS, WITH A CENTRAL
LOAD. WEjei^T Of BEAM HE&IBCTZU. Fi^ZZA.
Flrti C07xs\(i^\nn fU wkoU team tWe^we -^an{ edclt re^c^^it
(?f
ffic ^erii«L OB TtrUfFx%JL'J:o C OS €m ^^In a^A-icjU W-
iiWt ttue "ikro«uflit xtsilteojtVs o|X^ To do ^^fus c*nttdi?^(ss
EIX^-O-^^C
§2 55 EL /^STfCCUmES ^4^
vrffucfi eyuibU^ ca4c clefts mW ii%t (^n<dxD^^ C, vy4^S€ v^ue -mast
be flu ^o-'uie cd" o^-f^-^r oil bouii^ ef tii^ ciiS-u^-. Hence C=^<?
""'-TS EI
eow^iion
^ offk^
^
eid^^iitf carve OB U t3 ^i t ^^x
t-Ii = ^(^-i/)-.C3)
To c^mfcuic+kc ditledlm e{ •^m+k^ dalii tine ]oinlH«| A
1
^2=kr:' *S-^'^'f 1
ft36,
^
I
^ .
• i S
^?==^ ? -////////^^
<«..» 5)t.. ...>
33
% 5V0
S? i
^i^r<»m
AiArfYai-^ li lt % .
4 ' M t
SJ2?3a ELASTIC CURVES. ±^
vvKvU lis kmiW (Tsvl filial kinttit €n^<iies a^t ijotit TioikUa.
(^)^ aixct (3) no v^w-* ^f x Ui© b< U4i^ <0 or > 1, , since
'-'^^EIy=:tPr>c.EI.^.-f?[l^^_|^]-^^ (6)
as rtic EQliATtON OF CB,B^.2il7. ^cvi; oc,/v5 stai anuR^
IcnovJn <rcn&Jantjtft -jipd wWK wrtU out (6) -^ 4»e ^wrnit 2
^»-
sin [^^ ~ 3Pin+^?.l'J.,,..<7)
^ 235. MAXIMUM ^j^fL£cV^oK^C/^SF]I;^f
ftj, 2 57„ TKe ordinate tj^ of Htc West l^oint is tiius f?^d:
Assuimn^ I >-j-l ^a^ Wi ^cc«.r tti{{i< OC
(Sitrvc H^^w^M
wW. -*-y
^^ ^„, ]- v'tuJirO Now ..ut.--
m.toW(e ^1' 4^t« yitsL^al (in* U lis i4>we$"^ Ui^i, a^^ ik* m^ejii
tortloK
^f
be^Ui mt4{n? tkikf ^|! ^nit n^« ^rees [toUHio iluvi pax-
fioTt tu G^tvlti^iflani oare -^ wi | i4« res^lkri at 8^ fit efosfic
^M ike. Cttrves isf Ccwe^ I cW lEj wWe iher-e were tu> cddwi-
32* El "'^8^ El ^^
Ht«, more e^^acl e^- f)Ye?^ ^tMi £1* -rp /see §^3/) -ftr\u\nm^
It \S okl^o ^idewir |rc?TA *|.ii) S^3/ ^iCf ii^ ttxAm o-j ctorv^LkcK'
t\ijV\lWlner it b€ d load ^
Sjxan cr seme one (Atmension «f
C^-xskkr CL^
fc^^' '^^^"^"^^^^ ^'^^"^'^ c-f4i<'^. |>ea?^. lvu*iadtea pd-
wid-ck a^H4h ^^t?| 4^e ht-nm ik^$ some rkt^?maK- w tb;^ focr •:?.
c^| t^
rive 15^ cf "sevise p'v't "siisfeai nef^r wtesi ikt u^^m h dill i^Ts^-
^fiil^wxits ,3,1 <? Uid. ojt- veiif coi/w tent <3i kotixi^rchd <^h oMd «aii-
jaotLct . TK? %c£lU cnt willed, tU^ fcc^m i"^ dfa^n It'^oTsiom^ 4ef,
-1 .
*W"« wl ^. p P^ P.
F4'<t.23«
R, ^37
. % ^'^^
T-Mv.n:;T«:' sa-^e
o-f
fU. ktocf^x ii^^if )' Fu«ii3^. Front ^yi^me+r^,€cui/i r^o^
koH ^-^ wL F<?T \k(i iv^^ fcotij rt 6 w€ /wi^c^batttiiiq SJ
ortiitwslfis %V' iKe 1w<5 halves c[ ftie- sh&ar dJo^mm^ Kave c\>^
TI4U (oaf vaiue o| J Also :z:*f/i€ TtJ^tc^Un ^44e oiier suifccYtB. /^c-
! lis '
lite ^(obg. 0-f "ii^. )TiO)ti?uiieu3fve and tit^ m;dlme of lite '^^o^^ 4a-
c^twj 4t> ^ tt^(rkdu ai oii€ Drtl^ alha s^i^or!:^ willed €^€f klkc cmi^i
|^«i
Fi, Pa
J
I2
^
~7
eaiujii
'
+0 f
a>^d I3
~^^^*
=:
?
to
^
M;
^
^-"^^^
wlili,
t''^^
W. Value cj K'^d^
^244 Fi^F'MJK E,SA fT. LOADS. 62
fe)c|5T€'a* 0.11 foTo^ m4^)n0, wnife R'--^- (|on$ l^^r $<j.meh) a>\.jf Vu-
jOvfS
rn ^
•
(2)Tkt^<}L.U IcaA h j>vo|i«fKcnal 4uik s^uux^e oftke d(.i)?ili
(•2.) T/ue sfj'toie^*^ ^i^ btt)|>c^1 i<^Mi hMii e*^W c^^ Hie hticikt fo'r .Wfes
ifrS
.Section
-H
l^'J
:4l'^^ I \M
n 51
^12 &
I
M.CU-, sW>^.3^i^.$^wm 5|<u€Jr% v^
'fitter ^*^cfcms lia. ^4ndk^ be'i^l'k^^,
€iSf um\i . 71^« I ^i-mi^ rtxm^ -^mu -^^^ ic aion^ IS' lutkat deA,
tr
^
,4*
,
ig^""(ji —f-q=q^ islo-te Konzontol '(t "becomes tli6 netjlwt
el ?
^^^.^^^
menttoned) otout line axis 5T Wrl>endiei^-
a^ '^^' iar To "ti-je web d5 Hie cKannel, Hen ti^e I
H
ln(0 ;
^^
^ t-.^ iAnc^ i are tUe dJ^^lavKes ^^ven m rii< 24-9
4i exlend » b Vhc.. rnxi^dle oj pldte'). \v]iv]e 3/ and f ave'tK^^
ienfjfli and vvsdlK oj a. -nvet ,, t\-\5 |t»rY^i tr |yovn l-\t!ad. U
liectd ;; i.e., d'^cind t* are ttie dimetistonS of a rive I- holt,)
\ or exam me., a boK-c^Tyxler^^t^ -jorm-e^ 6\ iwc iVmcu
char.r»els c\"i-i«3 two ^aioies 10 'mcVies w/kle and 1 inck IVhcK^
Itve riv?!.. >ie]eS y^,, in. vv^ae and I %• ta. lon^V T?'v^1 B^
\lS'-'^ -^^cm l\ir pocket *r20ck v>ie jtnd "iHc4". lor iKc cHann^l
^ 194-S
Abo, Since ui Ihis m^a«Kt e ^'- 8*j inAes^ end 12000 IW
e^ so \tjch (cT 6 tijus '|3.ir ^:,\vv^ iS ftte Value -ferr 'R''
/'
3r..i:^Tseiii-
~^ "
as
'i
rtt\- «^, 5Ti'- iX)X'y\v'c5.'v .a\i 5<ivK; bear a ir-axmn^n^i m(>rr\f^A.
F;^. a»0 wVt be f,»nri on >. 6S';»« Ihe text.
P
fi'.}, a^y, S a 6a
V i'^^^^
F^ 2^i*-S «. § 5?6'?
Un,l»<i4e<ii
e
Pi^..!:i^6 Fi^.R'/?
§ a^3
..^^fcl FLFXURE. SAFE LOADS. 66
H..w«.-|^.«.'
D-.-jf^'-^'feri
'iJ^ii /
W^v*'^M!fc!M^^^'''^ri
(
^so FLEXUHL, safe: lcad^. 6/
om i.aKf'
$m^t^ 'hfi^'
I
I
niiD€r 7;.0-3- ncn mc'i Iron Sk-vt
I] 000 JO 000
000
J/COOO 60 000 liQdOO
00
i J 00000c S^OOOCCC
^M:,«.l favuMni*? a^v ^l>.!i<Aai{y CC-mlv^ iUlt) l^e^ OlmJ Mi/Hy ulit];i«k'^«
.
^ifive AxcT "Hiit "Hve vavtous kii^os zrf irwo^ dilf^ wi<f« (^ iM^^i^iii,
^Xt ot fit bciUH ty^if r <8jWmit«if has mucli rodo wim 4i^ w:
N.X» Ircu audi Skel Co. ik c<rtaipufttiaUe s^x-fe /ood^ "fe ffeif
(vviticli otre hia ii aiio cj^ m^tow wiCCTj TnitsT te s^ruare di|<Mii$i"
HmBRlCf^L EXAMPLES.
'
2SZ,
U btwt iKb a c^(>«l4jr arc wkasi roM,\ji '^MO f(.7iie jiia^ i/['
bev\a fua bei^i^ j^MolUl ^s t!i£ sUt Cri Ttie^^i&kMt , Hef aired 'f^* offijJ-
Uui -^0
kail o^ muei^^^^l /fe.^Jip^M miit7m«(i3(!€^tt3|^
±2.oA fLL^'^UkL SAt Jr L()AC)5. 21^
I
)i ?.!^ i..tcl-'<r( Kctk ,j pi() T uiiv:^ Co. {lis ca(«^Y^ (i /^ mch
'CS
<s4 ]x| liie ton^irion ihat the f^qkclien shall 1)^ -sr J/^O ^f
the. ^p«n orlevjo-lii. "Wi $Kc>u^»i titen n«ve ^ro»>i § ?V0
''
600 ^ ^j^S
"g"! iCSm^ file incU c^nd &n ,w»rif,
ineh ,j
AK<i I— j^ Ts'K^^ we hkve
^5 in. (^1^5 wK/J« iKc^ics),^ wKtcV one i^V\«]^ ^at eJi©sci% m tl>«
^J.'<3?
F.55^? .5as3
X./ax
On un(i«y
-5,
F^. 5^5
^[••.'V o.*-**^
%S£% FLEXURE. 5 HEAR IMG. 73_
1V»i5t«^K %t l?ocivds are df €cu.ai lehp^ij (^no^A' sec FiQ .
^^7);
o^i
OK*/ Wciicn H\ Ol
6-f (X
jV'. d'P brUniocHc beam ^Iwliitv
fjlwliitv bw
b^vti" fom^
undUrtom^
undUr
xht,.
"iiutCX "{usf f<Jt4Kj. . tit flu totv,;?.otvial seendfi wfecfi isci H:|^«^
X-i'.*^ - SV/^OS f
v^dlU JTaRci X ^1' (3ma5€ d^e -Hue, ^\t|v^ a§
^^64 FL EX U R E . 3 he A R ^ N^ - •
76
pYo^«.r T^(aito)ia belwc^n +1ie IcAdlluA and +(tg |t)r)Ti a^^ niAikflo^^ o|
Tju- kb(^ lu § 5/0 fH^ &A.|€ values whidk -lU yiujuy^miuin J2^ iu
iftot wdt; (8<?e fttjs. J238 ouic( ^<^) /tow^v^rjiddrt Z,q k (ikclv -io
^
^'^ 11/^ x^r^£r 2^1^ 3 ^r^
^J
Fios,. 26"8r to 263 Tofaf€>.77 h% ^6% Yo 860
^^1
I '^IK
N A»
i...
§ 51A6 S ^6-7
i-Ai^L^^ U^ vM
I » **• •%
"3 g->5" FLEX URE. SXFARiNG. 22;
3 X 2 ^ [2 5 6 ~ I
.Sb] C^ - 3-5) 6f--'
COT'ii^fs) bu'i "tbcu b^ dcnofe^ He sunt o| iJi€ wUrflts <?f Hi^ /u'iltvw
.•tialiii" Fe a,*- eo\HioAV«<i wi+ii ^Fi a.iu:( 6F, . Sicf' fci, /i^ is w auiea
I
.
eciij^ {?^ fitk SAicb t« 54 ill tnof€ n«?trt>j e^uuj -fo X^to^o (»«e e^.^
iu^ €^K^i it) fusutl ^le load (q^c ^otU §i^*^) w« K^^ wt4>i t^--^
k^% a vvi^ y men -tiVtck , so as -fc ^mJie Ut^a. %hioj( doM^ tk vul-
(i«dv>v "Hit th€«r CfitfV^ by ilte ti»<*^ e«nn»rt*H '^^ 3»4«|l€s i*U fk»-
tiv^KkH'i
pf
+kU sl»«dir wAJj |k etvn^MkfiW |r«**^Wf!^IM*l4iit ^
wkitk He Web |0tM iiclfiwi^/iH c*6t. #t i^^ &#i4jl -^m^i ^«tt «^
Wit -^iifl. e4 T
fWn^ iv4^
'
«^ 4t>tie YWdedl u}^e?t ^^ifm Wer<jUi^[s<«
^^
3
tuck atvi^ bi^Hi). k^m A «*i^Ji^fi "H^t nviti^iw**^ ^astain -for ^ui*
ota bait (eack h\ stitnU ^Ucat) is QOOO Lbs ., vvhiU f^ sA-jt <^m
j?maue V€KUWue« of Hi€ sldUs oi fli^'Hvo nvet Kei^s in 4fe^ on-
<j(« it<jw« Cf lit ^(xy^t, [jUte belivcj niueJa tkUker) b j^^
10(^^0 /b;
H€ViC€ +^ former f^ur^ ((jOCO) dUi<i«^ tn+o JlO0t> tW.,a)vf$
O.iA 0»Mit number of b<Ur^ of tivd* )3er iiuk- o^ («uaik oi-lkc
bo(X»H;u€., tite rivet* h^ o»i« row dliowU fe^ aj^aced S.o i'Mc)ffs
-'
oji^ vvi<lHi t, a>K3( tkieknccl := t . Lef tit. v<lu>U <Uptk of <^lvr
diftt :r li ^}vii fKe diiixmei^ c^ a <*w€t W^ «^ t^. To ^et\j rcsUt
the leusU^ <v^tdl (it^mbre^stvc liDfcci^ lk<iac<(jt In +fu!) section bMflll^
Mi<fkicK is <xV(uUbU -^tJir com bull u<!) oa\^ o^t uu |<h onv it q^ntit^.
T\u <^uaH+'iU^? eancetf x«d^ in I art jjo wicymtch** o.k<jI i4i4y
1y»bufed loaA (melasma iKe weigW. <y( tlie girder 'JantJ Ir 5f)^rv.
|'^QC> "biaixoJ. mclies,. flrf vvmcU 1W web a^-icl oin^lt'-^ SMJ>j:.i>^' .:j,
TKe -full secb'unal flireoL |oy llie s»ze ^iv€n =^ SX'J 'VS^X'^
- 2, 7^ 6^* iviches^fem vvViicK de^wctmjf "Hie two Yivet )iQUy
^
Vv^VHcjul Orecd/ error ^ m {inA'i*^^ (x\ H«vi<'e^$^W«!i4»T>a MA«h«v«
I^{o.wek.X.Lx2o'^2Xi'|rn]':C UZ.3
'.N li I ek fe> be? We^fj certain dei <xciied ^t €/?i $uTes 6ot r^'-s b<5 vvAi nct tr
te^i^iU^^ n^flk^ ntoiHent, M|^^ , a^td +ke i'not')c. sIko-t T^^^ , for 4^3
Kiiiic^W l^o^Vtlon o\ ihe vwHe^U , 8u:t iiie-valices ef Iv'l^-^ and
.j^y^ |or @^ui€- AtK«-r tK)$clion r>mvj be dir<idHr 'H'iau, ilio-se ja.st
I
.'»hVIvo v\. O'f 'H\.tyyiUii% m-\kc^^}C) 11 «t> enc4eKt (-rOTiv ft<|.l-3^',
."^rowv 1ke 'Hal u*« ^l- ^k<i^'mo')iH\d dliacrravn , -fiod- v-^h^v 4ite jyi^riimji
ik'^ ^vfQd d(9^>u:^^a^etvireeh lh£ [ocxde (v»/he<W), Far anvj vdiu^s /;px,
(For tkh, OY awu otU'T \^alu€ etx, ol^Ms toIx^ i^ Hec^cd^Vf, herice
D\v. one Ude of.. +<t€ "Wildlflliitol l+i^ 5]p<»*^ dus P^, H cru -f^e eH^r; U.os
T'vv tkb fva^j i H .\^^\^ |^<xrH(ialm' case w«. uvaaj It^vdi -^lie ^e^ pe^iv^
wk<el volU eo\K|)Uk4\j cuet Os>\^ bevejdi i+. To jvvici riiA<XK., "H-wii^.
A-^ fii^ VtVctjf . -^uonitul b dbt ti* e-oi}Le luwier five }i^%vi€Al" tooo^ -^Hwh
•:. V ^^'He<?€.^S{?.'iy fo i^Ai wtik nt4>r<? iWv* cite j/v i-uuo wkeU ivi Hvdl-
;
>B<- --5'-"^<-
'
VMhe^k 8^C. avidD OH. (5.) Jy^^-IS,6 hm% di, nc^\ '^'u^.^^ai
Iccwis, cHf vnodia ft| subpart, cr bcHi, ti*.^ ^utlu obj^in s^juaki a^a tk^
vvii( bsL iuelt ik^.i fiie v^€<3uotimis are i'^v{i€p€v\(ie\<t 0^ -Hus jcnn cxiid
I -.- *
'^^^
X I
>'''
F.-^. ae-v- §a6o d
%260 FlEYsURE, SPECIAL PRO&ism^, S7
M<xkiucj asectioii of m \\9m\Y(^ Om ft€€
eitici x b<4MCj< l^ S.(v«r^. , ,
1-^ Ike
.^^^„,=.^
G-<^uaii:OH lor ^oi-{e
w^=:Qf-
{oAijliHA.
CO
^HH^f^ o\^ OC tiie foot Wow (n^ Ht« ^e^iin i)K fl<« ri(\k\~ o\ Sw.^k«<c45cH
v^uiol clUc ciowuwavcis re/A+iv<>lv| 4o l-lic. left h^^vcl (jortioy^ ; iut vke
uto.^ on C6.
V*'«<a ilu toad xvKjd fke SM.j5J3oft U ^ual U^ke rtAtfhon at fkfiu«iy
awj->jp(;vl avui WiAAj 4-1 ta« d^cn red^fi ttlimlHuc^ N/alue, wheii ike eo^*
^>^',on^, (VI^R^x^Xyvx^ . . -_ .
(p^)
Hvlc(«itflx( ^Y x=.o (U. ectO) W --0 ^wltik -for
o* ~ i^ (i.€. ccl C)
OC wcixW. be M^ .
For Wt<L 9)1 ort l^oyii^iv Be ^ whlcii fw.^ vw^vvteicl^ diU i^i^e^sa diou-
(TfT-am'a of if^ owit ^w-f coKih'^cu*^ vvi+k i4©*^e fcr OC , tt ifiia^ eajuU^)
K eitiier P ^"^3 1- )
^'*' ^ ^^ ^^^ unknown. <jiu?rhlity ^<3it.g>it^
tt->€ cv«l«v»*oh o"[ Q6j can not te «{>j»l»c^ an<J we •% use Ufii
0^ OC J ^P (^j
On CD J =:-P-P^^e9C (5)
U/-. and (6) yy^\jOih\ ddsa b^ akfalne^ fr«m (0 cuidi U) i)V| wrlHuc)
X- dM -rdx, bi^^ ike Unywtx \iiethoci ts +o b^ |)r<^crvecl U
-^uc r5a$«a elv.te -l^^ IcxHev re<{ulre3 iVl *h> b<3 e^cbvct^ei as a. Wi-
§26/ FLCXliR£.5P£C AL PRO0S. / 90_
1-f +U beam i& avv, I~ b^m , i^ic 4<^J^f fkcA' Jh x^ro a)U|~
<xtoK<:; 6C +t) .
tuwit, "iiu "twe -fla^e&i bt^ He iower f(<XH<}« b«lH^
av«. cVv^U {usfe<u( of (MJ'iucujftVKj wttli ilj (el tiu «fu<uuV ^ko w >sr^
jr=.
On 06 R^_v^x
wviitU 01^ BC — ^ ^ >
-
^
— X ^Rji:=^a>ii%i<xMf - - ^. ^-^
(3)
(4)
=3!K
l^
'"^ti
V /
^> (M
n
l I ii'»
'—';;; ^ —
-2
^K
«' ^It ^^ 8^^^
po$>tA ^^Hcn Til, ftt^ -forces cmjUvui ar^ fW r«dcHoH K^^ tjLRc(
e ' ^^'
e "9 'VT'V
UKBMMPLE, I^tlt€ Hiickum of +ke foiaukU K,rqw.ma
li- ? , if R' hiak^vi z^ 1000 its.jierscj.Hv. for iin^her (§55/),
aAtXiovtf t^-f Hi.e wafi^r [jve^SKr* ; tte fi<|, 2^^« Tf>«e ske^tracrvf
Mi.4e.(^
El^^^U d^c.., J^
X;
$
rt^ scale) 1 ,..
(^
cfj^ tU fae<Jtm iWelf ; aYWihj , audi net arH ftckl iikt H^^ S-
iw5 I u^ cWuiAslvj 4iie OM.^ il? IDC ^|nft.kev% . Tkll ^iuM ^^X safe"
§266 ^t f^fAUR E^ SPECIAL Pf^^ ps. q£
^. J (a. —(
alitor, 4 .€^|orc<} -
) j:xn<.jvis
GK :.^ .Si! -
C^)
'sjv^iqk'Vs atv. us«dl , tit^ Uh^t b«x>H vytU net brecxk i^^j "Hte wei^fit
v'Uvw^ tAjjcHt-t uile«7$ iS" |tilU tkrmti^k Ww€ "Htc ciUVaiu:^ recjiar-
A-^ dtrpj^iid |rom tU. ix#i-5 "OOj ot ^H^. -^Uff u|)t'H P^ixndh
-: dti'kt.H^is 0? a, ais>vwj -Hie a?ds 00, ^ Ut'Hi iVte cro^? s^jciltm/
Wlu-\ t?i
\->\9 ^^\\<x.^i, cli;$e "bike bea.^inc^. LeV NM' be ivciin-
B^s, 57 X V. ^7 7 To ^ace }>. T8 % § 26% to An
F,3.2V2 ,%-^ >,r.a-
^cd
-I *
-l,
a
nisiT
R^. A7^«. §5-?l
FVcj.a7i- %^'rx
Hi€ $keciriix«{ ski^s it^aevd "biii* di<^cl€5 wkui^ kdui« cts aeotn-
\kev\. e-fevdre , audi |>«^^ 44i,tiDtt^k "Hw, f'^p^U^ lF*S /or e(«m-
acHevi 0^ "P.
:^=Pa5i.e..|,,=:^ -
(M
SiOKal etauRttc forces , ou, omvij ouiar mtfst clF^o^t (rfjii^ ; aw(i II,
V\ie jpolfluY u^onwiU- of luertitfw
<>f
Hi« urcle about ik eftilte 0.
Hfexi eoH^\ier fr€^, iKftc|. 57:?, asiwaiil J3(jurc)L(te{fib;^€di KksK-fm**
HivL keiu al m(of fif270- ^^ 3ff«%se« |fe« ^AO(^J acK*i<:|
(vvv -tke -ft)Wf fac« r+o ii-c )3<Lf)er ix Ut^, 3^5 are tkere re^irv-
Hi^ raHo o| 1) 4t> n «vt 'wu»| vtidke 1ke avu|U wk^ti- ^tjiidiKM'
O^zz
y ^ Sm04- >yr|_S.t,e +-p-.Cc5 6l> CO
"but n : C = ^in 9 a*wi Tj; C =: COS 8 •*..
^^^2fc^2e-4^p^stu!l9 - ^^ C7)
i
§.u8 FLEXURE-. QRAm sHArr. ^oo
max.^ y^i 0'
O^L0uifavst)>T^ jtW <^ fken for S iv^
(3 J <,uX^-
(vwn«A P UCOb
-^-
ibs- anil a~ 6 hi.) -tkat <^
>na?t. (and i|5
skWX be elHtev f^ Ij , at C ey P^ I3 ^ at
^5 a Tke [;^rKdic CD ts
iiuvi^r -^btBloH , o^ amanu'rt+ oj 4^v^Vtni ^J^ (k^^ Q^h^ Heu^iciw
.
FLEXUf?E,C^NTlNUfcD.
CONTINUOUS GIRDERS.
l^ iMli tbiSj^lisil fe*9lk A^ wKieKe«^« we can •]«) io>u)erja?
'
A*, o'.u ILLUSTRATION^ Ij lie sttatcjHt b€«L}ri(jf ft(). i/^^ i.'i /?iic-
^ue^jiv:w.cievct Iftaam^ j.
^<i.U. c^verht^ lb Z)wh sj^oh cu^^dt kiWhU<)
J
a,-_P(i^.i^)-P„[i|i-^] (3,
L
£l^--na-x) - . - - -
iu)
.. H^=|PlVPjl^-^-^j^i^PP (6)
lllUlu.lH;,.,:t!?'^ ir-n
Tr= wl
wx
^27Ji _ PL£XURE.coNTiN(;ou^ ampEKs. tos
"^" ^«^Pl ~
~ C7}
The ^IwAr at C cui<>t cu^jwUr^ 6K CD -^-^V fV^hik ouW
Let 0)\ =rK ; tk^v* w'l+K h C -free , 51 ludms. ct^owt n:=>0 (fi^^
%272 FLEXURL. cor^rmuous, &iaDERs./0 6
aui C are cvi ilv€ aMs of X) (jv^^^^Md- ack- O), WHk fiw^
v<xiu«^ cf- X aiui u lu fto. {^) we have
m^fw-^-^ -oi
^-ywi ^
a;
il^^ saut€ as i| +Jt<i bcAivi were fnxA 'ttirai^i^ (it {?, ^outk Mf,
e4-(,:2.)j H^itci
€ ii\Ak'tuc|ii.€ oilier co)\Kituou« cft/eif'Hi^ )Hi<i-
\=fw-' c^j
Tli<. -nunHeKt (iM>i\t^ U a ^abota {(Xi^bara'fe 6h^ for eou:!^?
i\\. auvj VMAuiRet , (Xi^.<i kmce, ike ^mn o^ "Hvc Kon3^0H4a( Ctxw
^jftp>%*^^ ef^ke ^"ke«is€!^ l> auvj ^eefiOH H ^e'ro,ai> Kail
§^2/4^ f- LEXUR£. CONTINUES d/RDERS. 10^
i^ftctiiwq CAiSe^ o {- -^le^ure . Ju otte^ werd^ lie nadtAl oixk
^tll e^v\.itj(iKS Hie c«%vVr«. of <^f(WiV»)
#f
Ikes eeK 011 cu^^ He inu-
aiC,
caJi 4M.lwL5? >v\Aj(, (ntu>i<iM^ 4(rf M^oa n»<x»/ be ^ka^nn bf wriHn.^^ ike
tke kovliUHvhfcl (W-s -Irom wiW^k -Hve {7rdU>t^^ ft|. Hie ^rnter cyf«
It iv. "jw^W avHdu^ OS Wve e<^uai. cur ecu? be^nrc^t iVcaMl44i.^ o^.^e^
iVk 1
257* B^ ^^^ "Ki^-o^^itew ^cjVvrtn* Hie 5(>axv^^ tke {^adhu^ifii^^^:^
/^pj?U<i*s- (l^Eeiiawic^^ Front tit ^tervwowsut^ fk^s/i 6iMff c(oi& "i^ e«5^
Htfefit^ CLVii +k6 i^iUOK lod<3C3 Mill i-rv<mi«iAi'«at' a\v\| sec^te^v cak^^^
F.55, I^H )-o?8<fTo5ai.« f. Wl %^ 278 r« 3^3
T
THE BANfiER^US SECTlGH iH
4U'i\ (Ik a cfiv€n b^om. ytvHks' <nMtn ((Wbdhuj wrUi (jtven mijrfe (}fsi^
t)CTl)vtk^i^ ifte >tc»rmjl ivike at*^ef |i3jre^ df" cG^tOiiee ^
^tTe:5S
fjn&rvuatic beam, \W6 ^jcjiir^e^ "Aie |V\ ^^^ I^ ^ytd ^H*^ €* o|(Wtv|
T& c^'pns^s 4kc C' ^ j;\r , clU 4!i^ X^^-jL by^(§5>^7J o^^ auHy
)Ni\ix-kl<C
Z W^^^n^^is)
6 ^
•- i^c.3p-y#..fe!52!zL3±i2S£>^ (8)
^=g-#-^ 00
^mA h-ii¥^t p U 0L>MOgr.-f<?r ^^-^c^<m<i iftfi e^ix^£H<^R -for
5:^i!r-:.^Po,for^l>i-c 03)
nvoi^tevd 1-5 i{^e ^avwe -for alt sect cms of eD[ec|.^-?) o^-tii<i1 SJ au4
-|l
:r,^^ ,wlikkm<xv| bewriM^H^^wf r^iy^iljc^-C^J
;>.-.
a.-e -It) make. -Hi-e rekt^A be"bW(??'i\ tt\c abscissa. x cvu<H^f
I3i/ Flexur e. NON-PHisMA-nft beams. h6
Tke joA-vaboltc autlivt* -^"tk* j^otHon ^t Is ^vi(i siwilar-
cJdouI n) Since
1-iQS. i^ ?c '.0
^(jii To-(ote >. U7_ _ .„___m_^ll<'J5?
4-2551 O
Kq, 213
>«'g.3?6' §a?3
283. -RECTA^G. SFCfloK. HElSHJ Coa/'stAIv'T.
Two SUPPOBTS(^T£XTKtW»TlfiS), SlKC^^h ECCgA/-
TF^IC LOAD. F.ij.2.8'?. T> an<^ li or* fre aunens ions •|lf'«
t-B^a ^-pi-0 /. K= 1^ O)
3
Atatw oUier Section onT^O, as n.,w)ht-v£ ftie M/('d!ii ts u, ,ft€
£>IKev scct*««^ ^ ^
on BO J
Bie h€;i<j'ht V Ovid widrtr U. y<».v*e 1Ut va-
F«r5i.e
HH 80 -h, = ^^o^o - (^)
5-(i-)'=(i>^yf --(^3
x.^f
e^fescit^ tb X i:^.^ <JYtirnAre ~i? • i\£.^ cf Hi* tc^^er cu^-ve
of )t\e ou»i>te c-l ttie Ccys\y%\ \o^^\is^Ailnal verticq'/ >Uhe
J .
Vcif wtii cut ociX a Cuvv^ Cx *^^carWv £ff v«hi,'li ( i^ctted Une i3 Oj)
!,a. .„ .^unWn
^^ ^^^ (^ifS ('6
*n^4it s^ ^t Vtei^V^t orwi vA^i^i^ must v£ir3 ens ^€ cuise rooi <^ ,4>e
\lf ft»e l>£axvim ft\«S ]5v<?ljWm «f» li> ria»e cvtCuWy cress- vc—
(^$a»»»e CIS tKat at tSie mtiJU^ie) ood ikc "het^W «=: i^, vArlofele
tfc«Tv€ C80 J
sUowi \t to Ic «v^ cU»\>se s*i^ «t'^-^) ^^ ^"^^ 4
ea ^«^«s 4 ,
I'^^ Y"^'^ '^^ ^ ^«WU 4 Wan, n*,Wo^.
B«tti «?HUm*e4
•Wife >\^ot\icut ot +ke gtret^ C6u)0$ ,«€^ €^$« (j6r) {6} a«ici(?J
S§JWC} a>iiiil3l) o[ fkit vito^t dkiYECt s^wice iVciU.W-
tWlmv^ Ha {^tm o( i<\e ekitrii^ cutv^ OB , vwlilck Is ^'^m-
"vifieiriftxl jCMfvA K(w cx.coYw.moii Ww^ekd tft B , wl^k -Hie cuyw
^'AortiOK o|- tit€ iieu+Tai li>^€ 06C. Fcm Hte^. -free \>oi^ wO
(C^-0 St'VveC -j^r X:::0 jVJcrO). VV« mdAj 1^0W ^(\ui ik^
tie auXv€4 CB, (i-vui B,B j axxA. -fiwodlvi tlui def (ecHoh.
Tke toltciirK^ o| +Uts aiidtUe -folio w<n<i br^ Mem cu^
bi^t- •tft^-ee. ^^kvviAl -forces will b«. (j^Yv|<Hfl<i "te £?we [jIau^^
L,
§ i?^6: y^ -i?>^^->r'^
R
§Z^A ^ OBLI QUE FORCES. /^f
|0T(M l:^!^^^
CAk. Tke ^'(r^ste^ dxrK>wa oic'tic ele^i^hi?
(7t ctjfux ( fcJAck ~ dFj of tke '3ecHpK. c^\a.iU1' erf skean
(yvku^€ QiiLm J ^ +(i^ ^-o-tul ^k^jW ''j Iv. +k« j^tUn^ t-tikt
-r^
•*
tiv'e/sse^ booroJXcl io AK
cwJL bro J3orHcH{»l ker i-uhH of
ar«A. It3 4k^ dlU'kucee^ of fke dF'^s ou wkiek l-kc^^ cid-
—
[olv -|<at*^v€. iiv.es € sHc^ses aVe ail fi| ck€ kt%ui ^ ad Ivh-
•siov. crc all coVM.]ar€J&^oK bwf ;-^ Hcc Heichra.1 (Wia ocetos
•
to tUe (3^<uu <jiv<<i X "1 +0 iH. L^i u^s $ee v^rfl^i" kuxr't
ik^
6r r u r ^ R' — -^ (7)
3q3
^etvS,
Inn
12/^0 g. FLEXURE-O Bti^UE F ORCES. Uq
s^ (/CQ'lJ aaA (x^R! vvQwVdl ^^ 'tW, toA{\a^- t)f-e<trvaW<t. But
Vke ^v^'vw 0^- S\\^ vyvOmeHb oj^ Hie erWrvioLl jotc.«sj hence l^r
-vHuicdlt beams vcv^^f ofaU<\u^ -^iree*, wewcj^v^ sHll w^e
610 -^ ; 0)
'xt ci-we J^nvi -for WZ (;^Hom'^.) O^VUe ek<&Hc ^^^•.e^
(iiiinHS^^):^0 or
»itox
erf- Hv^? vA^Jo ^f ^.wd H«(xv 0^ Sine* ikfitc |p^ is smcUl x , b«i*«]
.
d'ievv VHOAj be ^u.Kd(be-f0t€- re<xekmc( ike ^
^.^cint )iA(k€^.
'
1^2.' t^f
^^^^ wlxetre etKs<3(}tAfinVlvj it^ dtctis m lite vtA^
^i(?<?Ui?vv p^^^^'S iiivyix^k fk^^ oi^€v fibre. I m Ajiv section
abi;=ve. +1^ § teflon +ke vit^^Vral (X^^is is on-a^^^UvavM ue. v^
iWeU^ ,
pi^\H<:| P s>iV a ^|<^ +k^ P o| fU}. iUq ;
but
ovv ctcooiA-vcS: o\^ Hve ^Tet?eHC€ avi4 !-f'VCV<xj:^e &t Pc^ol it-
^v^ ?>Y
^^ b€/«tu\ » For a -^f^ ^^ On , h Wwu^ du^
-k'pCC^cy. '7-- £1
^.- '/wivkk e - (cit^bM^ ouf^rftWe from Hie
tff ^vavH^^
Hr.v,-
C2.) jU.;, <fe(;4J iwlU f^:|<3ye^<iicH ^:
p '
*»*^^ .
^^r 3 f- jif>
6)
rr. '
.
( -^ ..... u T> / / 4
J ~'
V^ co$ o< '-
Ho ^i>vo( - y P cos cx ( / V
c-^
(|>, i '|?jj ^U'^q tk^ beam. Pack .'^rduiak i^ hU^i
AA /fA
Ri^.3/0
mr sn
JJIW^
Fc^.3o8 % 300
raninc?:;
^
ii^
B/.i
Rouni «r\<is
U J
er<4s
}
all Ax^
.
,iJ<UHS- . pgAJi.
6
f,
CHAP.V! FLEXURE
£)F.\ONa COLUMN sr
365. DEFlNlTiaNS. Bi) '^lon^ colunm*' i^ vnauvl
Tkai Hu^ skotvid be vvcak^fr iltdvv sltOMi bie^cks o-^ H't<; ;-jc:tH4-«
eats-gfv 0^ ?-l«vu'^£ J
exj:)eYiv\a.€Hi b«.\'vi(:j vc^*^ iavc^ets relied ni
5 UC
^I.^-xPa,-P^ ^^)
JEL .
d\ [El dd)
(<5j f5 fk^ &<)maHc>k i>-{ rtt^ ei&tHt <^Mii POC pe^j. -^^is
i'^
I
\
f ,c(5. 3 16 to 3a ( % ia^ y. 13? § %/ios ^« *'^
\' ^ 1; R
fj^. Sao
S3tl
3^^
PJ//Mt!^97Str/JlgMW\
FI3.321 fta«'
cAUKJi. LONu CCLuMl^j..>
C t !
0^'
S= Elir
^W^edl eolvun^-^ U\ ^^. 315} wHick wlU h^. tke. ^Mu^vn ci'i ah\^
I\\ t)\4€^ wc\rei•^^ l^ riv<?. ^T« \?i 'CSC, ilvoH t\ i-u? 54^yivV€. (*J^
b^ c.«?.t4H>u* lx. 'i^ovwvvvavti jarC^^ lore wiVk -^K^ lux.vi.cl ck ii\€ t<.b|:>^-v
ikn ffo.Qiu c<;'.('^j VHd^^ lo«. looke<i. u|.'ok d^o o^m\\^ iite BREAK-
ING. Load i»( a coI\a)4i^v w^U roivvui e-mkj avH^- 1"^ caU^cI
X ^^^ 5 15" , Vtv«?. -^incf.'s 'uHv\.C| wUl be as M've^r-o s,iw?>ivn, v/x '
•^hc |nclievi'ta-a ci auk -blocks cu^ qtcules /vviu^^K av£- vwiT^^ disced
{ho\s\ Vv^*v'.vvi(^ ,
fnd d-o ucr VTd-<^'< -^€<'c v-vUii vvvKcaI {(reecic-v^v] CA
-1:!£^ tJ:£2<M£_Jd)liG^C^iJJ}/^iS^ ^//C
i -.
aads
i
^.ijiiiis^^tl Tke^t^ ^i\-Hos cue Ati-
au^
0^3 J ^^^-^ tcMU^.ftd cx^ ^iviwf^ >k€ Wii^k'tK^, load t^',
.. i^^/€<a^^ cf- Vkv. (cad. aN^a H.^ ^aa:iU -.ccK^.h . bio ,A.lk'
. e()U^u,. tlvt U^r oi<'y\^ of Hif lixxa about \W nua^f^Kov^r-
J - /;i
^^^ - fn A ^A^Jj^J r:
-f-f^XY' \i\C^M^i. I'Kek^.n .
VtA^e^^i :xs Mcc ^qwNfie of Hv<j Uk^^^. But W-odt^ ki v.s ^v^^ ^.x-
P. ^-
/-a Tr E.-'F
,
" "^
^-(c<-u.1)a|.
form J
iWt. i.vvuv'^ fc 1^€' frw<J]pU)\^€.d oxt^ ^Jaeoiftt^. /i<r ih.
• v*.i^Hv<» b^ctx^vQ. •siualUv H^e vatu.t of Ike bredkivtA Uft<:( iv
%7505 FLLXURE. LOH& COL UMNS- ,._, 1^:1
pf 2^,4^
lbs, e<xi:J. J
'^'C<>H..1./ - ^f .^ ^^^^rn
^•A. vvK=vd\ "^iv€ covv^V, ^>i^j6 |e< c-ci^V iVi)h,aud ^3//. for
iu^W"
3,6-5
i
A30 6 { L.i:zXUi\t..uoNa C^LUiVirvS.„/M
[lo^. 3.00) X 3,6^5" ^ 0.47?/- .'Xa^^^-^^-z.^^f^?;/^
TKf. a'»Yr€^[3CiA-cltV<:\ nuntfej^* cvy€ 6 6~6 rxvt^. A^^f '-'
;
::=337^0 lbs,
tUa^v^ iV£ ii>000 Lb^. ofcfcUv\€(;f fttvi*^ fUe '*'^h^rt block *' ^c^v
or
:
W«
bid
"""^'-?^^=ft
w\<^kf vvovM
iVU
v!olv€ -for
P
ft^-ibwMirc^
P,-calt{vi^
ftolve
H
f^ a.v»4 call if
]pr4*e,»d i^-ME
—
|ormuJ&
fke ,o^f< U^d,
w<k-\oni,'
^,
at: .-for J
ji b«A\^o^ <x\K aOjs+roL^H- vvu/mUr <kt.\i«M&^\ tw
vK^Jcnvwtva \A/e vHdW( (xbo wii>#
.
, -ftrr to uy ftwt ewe
1~ Fk" , k bemei fke raoLiw oj! ejsjitiHftn (lee § 85"),
HenJ« , fiw(xlt\j ,we li(w^c (roiv- ^.Q)
~ ~ 7+^/9 _^ ~ C^.
for «. r«t<H«(-ftv*derf coUwit) 'o
fee ^Ix: loKc^ 4D\t5 ((.€ o^ JilUO tt^. <2<xck) Hkiv\<\ 6 <x$
i<^= i^^'
At^<)le- ivou of
uwe
r^ t
'^ A-vB
Channel
Ire
, <^Vl^- ^] weio - J53 <7-J
(Unices V -^
bc^k lt>SKe^ Wvj tUt T^WvvU e^H^flo^H ^^^ 4<>e i^ie |^K
3|3 ma^ fee |^wv*4 h>^ ^i£ vUu &{ §%^-ii^ heeaho
;
i^H^i. x^ ^ ^ 1^ J
oiU >bfeii i^ - -2
L^i- FtB
>=yiBp-£v 0)
y
figs. 3a2, to 32 6 Tcface p. li>2 % ^ 843 r<, 3if
lyjLiiliiiv
'•^•e press tA^e |»ei-v>««j<2yv 4k£ po^v ouvui Hit<j b^a,wi H s P'^/^W
>€(2. §^273) y^t^t bv^ 1iv^ ZI7 (?j -forces {5f€ -fuj. 3^)il^
^^'^
/^6 "W-fo^^o^ ^ as well ci<5 (^^ \2or\itr\^ o'-\ dooh-thiA^^vi
Uoci o> -H/u^ ^riiOK o^ Hie b^^jti^^ , UeiuJC H^^ sk«a.rs at"Hi^
Iwc? c^s cure e<^u<il . Now iite^ ^k/e<wr ctdHwc) bo.Weei'V
H*.^ webj i^^^^e i{ Vk<a web ato^ie^cf Fiq . 3Ji.3 ^ii5 sIiktwh
AC ,,
bv^ rrea-Hvc(^ csuS |r<e Hv€ ^irv^ AC of :SH»all wl(iHv~'b,.
o=-s7^ - "^
^. — 1^~ - ^'^'^^•'^
'
~
c^)
ISOO ^s/^y,
CHAP.3ZIL.
Linear Arckes (of Blockyvork).
ear arch ^
wVuU veWv^^wy tKe saive $kaWs ^ ft^etir <^ej>Ik V
To tVie "fxi^er 1£>«v«ld 0k5$ur«ied »= unUy iKat it tv%a.y nol a)»-
pear inifr 8t.6 fermiAXae.. \K^ jo^^V^i Vtlwcen H>erv\ «y< "1 lb
cuiuliV)^
wind 5^ €qw-aliOvt iS
•V 16 T
^tt Uc^
33!
•q 3f LiUSAR AHCHtS. ]j1
3)%, LIN EAR ARCHES tu^aev GlVbN LOAD) ^aQ.
^
PROeit ^A. Cjife<i tVie fovv^iff H-ie Imisav ayJi\i
^-C'] .A iS >ei|uA^er}. ^^i*! li^'i^ Hie Taw cjf v/sprlicaJ d^|ilH of )oad^
Rj 333.
«re Kurv^' ortiev lifcavvj ccy4^ <5kW»
o re
'
I $n\ 5^ &
TKat»f^*UfV 9 iS li-^e S<xn,e ^0, c^M \^^^
Voa^T .7,na h#nc(? ^, H^ the itnTUstc^t
i>K. crown JvK^e Hu: ^^a f$ Ui,rti.o^t.
ol (if anvj iHrre),, Nence
5i» 9 Sin a
rni,e li. number qruJ H.<; lea.^ Cot^^^xu^uS . lack v«) Uc»«.-
= as <ir. e1e.-..l 4 tKe ^„.«v «vcH /?
. ,5 tk* «m\e Mv,*«
Rvc c..,.c.lw. as e
s ,
,. IKe <x^^e W.een lU ^«,^,r
«{ tt.. \.«a.. J ,
P =^ e ax (• Tl{e lan..W
<^ «^V o^^
t) =G m,
%9l8 kJNfcAK A^'CMES .
ds
^^ax. J: ' ^
/
Z = V
m
Call tke >Wiu3 dj Ci^vvatuYe at l^e
(^)
^
^= ^^ Sin's
^^-^
**'
^ -Z wfS ^5 I.e. ^z:: ^ . ^.e/P,
/=
^ ^^* ^
J ^ Jhe*-f»^s -(e* a>. j^
o^^^ 5^<»h4 4^^erp*>tai ee-€Mt^cv^r»fe ^ihwiMe^Vo*ti tH<. «ttut-.
^'" ®
At rt*e v«t«, e ^ to'
.
s-tijW-
of A. cui>ic urnt of t^e lt0id'
1:1
I| T ou^t^ *X^ 0(tt. %t hr^^h
)
iHS *^
'[MH'nis
<ff t4?
df
.
4'
ON .
Wtw»kr5 2 vo
Hence ^\»
<^ at
^C
<s}i
]>^rr.t
% 3^2 HMEAR AF<C'rlES '
6;S-
diZ^a %x^.
-A .
'^fel (7.)
%VK TKe curve <jr Imeciy arch, ^ r>om £ij. (^^ v^e Wave
^ -j^r^. LlNtAfi A8cH£S 166
X
orta a.
t
(to)
00 mn 1^ ^
f,«>«S
'1
C^ll VW arexii^A^ Af5 fey rt>e ftrr**-^s ««t %t
ii|{crent j«v?^S <!r{ tite "Uw^^cscr orA See ., Ft^?, "^"f 3^w« iu:o/^
—
•L&i
^
0'
r-T^t :A,
*
^-
I H.I \
^^jj^ ^i any j<
^*^'*^''^
_35S. KtMA^^KS.Tk.jo,.-
q^mC' TreSuUs tvva;y be uti^irei \M\\h arcKes C^ ^\n\\t div^fn*
St 'far yr g&a-^Wd v^e- Hove Hie ^imrs a^^sumea V)>^ [lejt^Ue <\wi
ik\»^l^v?5M>\e cords, Iccudeci m lKe s^jmc *^<^V »
CH/\?TI!I, £UeT.ls4§RApKlCAL5TATrC5
p
"^
%3^6 '
f^^j 3^'y point O. If P ^e.j.^
sS iK<tr an1% > e^a^>^a^n t" L wc draw jKe Sides oj itie jertt >«iy
'f
r^.... i\ .a ^i^vUv
(C) ^*K*t a 'for<r f?^
-:4tail c<}> ]nctd<^ vA^tm trie re^iJ^Tanls of ]ht -first Two -jorc^S aw)
;>CCUY aWx:] flit Warn or 'sfruxturf. ^ cirui me ]xie lakevi ^i. fte
j>ail''of the flT^t for-ce in» tioe (orce ^^^oVy^oi^ , "Vhcve VAF,U lecrt-
.Lr=. oyIoviS "to tlie inrk <5| kai>ev«\»ri. the s)3«x<.rdU3»a^-vt;<iai v»ye
^OIA J
i i i4cp ram Force. iiflu^wkfn urc at ^ W^,
PH:
<iir&eli<5n arv^ Wvvtc reJJixc^d ^ its co^M^^^ejats \(\ "kMA^wrudi*
yecWvs. "V^ fr&L su]>^05e t\6 l^raVUm t^lvti, cfradikkal'
Kc?i* Connect Q^ ^as a. *^€ , witit oAl 1^6 Yeyt*icS jdff jfcl
rorv-S liier U .». 3 as « rav iwe >v«aw Sa^^ ^^cA «.r 3 (j3<m?t-
v^e >ii)w proceed U/ "fiVxci cut \\o\m {nt unkv^^:n^/^v l^arss tnexy
ihr Two 3icl€S (^ avv<^ Qi^ <^%t -force |x5)j|^n ui It^e fo^rre
5 he pote *:
CjrOL^k (32 8)^a/ui ttie Uii^ <ff action of H' vS krwJwH^ H^'^^t
»4
•jorces
wKc5€ re-
Q Sp«JC€~ ^li^am
Rcj.353.
anu^- re^uliqM ^or foTCf wVlcU wv^l VoWkce Theha^ ^ KU ^nV
^cmL Va^v^on sWl ^ivt fair i[hte>r5fcltonS and not "ba^ cfj
Hie^A^ct". Xf tUe Otw^w forced are ^ralUl the (device
c^iajjToni 'v,.
i''^
3>
wl^eyfi tke forces vAm^ tcoA^ \ie ^ fee sat>i« Vnfi ^urt sJwjNtly
>ej?<4r«le(i3 . "^Itk O^ ike WU ^^f T - *^S a ^Oe drow^ \]ht
rrt^vs erf ^e -force dtU^yann OA^ ^&> Ei4f The coTre>j>«na iVi^
Irattf jwKilc P ^P -)
^"^^ ^ ^*^ ^^ ^^V r*^^^
1<nownm
o/;-/.
M^ ana W^ /av-e
1^ ^Hii IP aire
?ent "^le O, J,
OKnd ^ra.>AJ nri^ys {voiM Jt to i^S^lfc.
o^re
K'ow jcm
vxow d^irrwneci
on. <jt<7 ^
t\^e ^yos#vW'/jh^',
as vueU <*-^ H .
ex*wi dvaw a U u> iC
uol 'pieces _j
o*\ iKe |(5]lcwin(^ ]>laii. TKe tVu.s5 t€i»vo Toin^
^ t^oi >{ oK Vat two tf{ iWc Screes dl cu clcs^ {ofi-cc poly-
cksvv ore l<H£>wn |W tvrouijfniJixie 4>w^ dltVmion J
wV»t)e Ihe 4iVe^.
Tu^& onJy^ef ^kJS^5 two <*rt kiM^wfti ^
tke wUolfc ^cc ^ely<}eK H^<y
^fc <iTra»/n ^1W^ ^ttErnvw.M»^ {h^ awA-ot^ts tsf tkoSfi Two jwarS
l?e ^>owt to tun trcun^ \1Se )>«vt^Vitvy , frc farce Willi v«K^k Ihe
cuiviitt cf tt\e )>«€ce J)A t^n tt>e )Hn <*t oc t^ ^rom ^ 1c-
>^»^vd CC C**^^*'**^ <K <^Yrow) Ovtdi Wvire "DA )S W ^-
§ 33^ CRAPK. VIATIC 5 .
I fti
i?B l!?<^ Iwa <j^ tW: {ort:^ ocCiHj C5t\ tke )Hn ^t )W j<nvit p ortf.
l-jart
^''^ ir^^f ']x>t7ded in Ae o^/>o^e d2irclwn^u^^
1k€ acT^ei^ of CD en ifvt ^oint ^ \* tf^juuj okJI a^jxrWft fc>
OO 't^ m tension ,
o>^
Next ^o^ Ic IKe jVnt , a*A<i cot^^Kuct tt\£ Jxily^en {i ^
thwA <^<] CYmmivujf IVve st>-e^ otl im. C^H 0*^-4. tViAt a.a su
F.5. 368
o
« -F %\
(wa
}oT<e<> V ? ? 9 W R' "^ wt cc,n <X.\^X tV^t skc-«
lit Aft
n dn to V <\»*a
1^ ^ u^. I0 tUu^ w.^t<1tan 6 f? ,wlu)ie
I
^1^33a qRAVn^ Static 5 _/8^
^annywhUe iVs Ime oi action k ap lUt ^r^i Sf<)[mevit6|
r<ii^U.|>c^ygdn. Si|»iW^,lK€ 6tVe^5€^ in BC o^< cjue
^""^1 ^^^^^'
y\et lie oulside H>e tcariuO' Surface J^lhc jcmt^ T>or ^vtflJ*^
\t\txl. lUcLf. out Couid €a$i|y l>e -f«UK<i 1h <^m qu>i t ^S i)€>vt^
net lue {ti^eci viov Hie ^tcciol etj^^U. °^'<A>/y^K 7o<ijJ«i5( ^ untw)
CHAp. is:,
(:fra^hic<xj ^l^ttcs of Vetlzca} Threes,
tKuS, *
4^. 36 3 ^ tul -for Convcnievtc<2 eowcU v<actto»* w\\l W
.
•
§333 GRAPH. Static s /86
* '^ ^
ruf,36*.
Filf,36*. ^*
^
ytjqoJ Suffevs a
to %t "R Off rt»e
%t "br^^^v^t case ,
^^ ygyy 1^2-1 ^^Ifiir?-)
'''" cc^»^le -{hI:-
^335 QMPX.swncs IM
A B
S^oic i^i^^fc tUmdi
in tqtxXi thy^uv^^
PRCPFPTY c1a«F«UllL.pO.L.Foie
336. USfFU].
VESTICA). XOADS. C P'^T.f uW «»*• ^" § 323) S«?
§3 30 CftAPH. STMics 88
er V 6 6 7 ^ «i jW< U4y»
For e/^-uil.jOcconllvv^ to SiaSu^ ^%t lines df o^ok of *f
, _ I
1
^ p«<nc r\ wt *vt<s^ ttsc OHV Coy\-
^uui
A
• •.
-:' : 2^ :t H^ : H '^U SA»^e kvlia <.f
. .
a|>|ilCeci tkvo^k The eenlVe af
; i ; I
« djent to %z cuyy<t ^ 1Hj6 A|M^*
tr. "7/5 ''^•k %\x9rM\Q lihear «4in?k ^ani ^Hdi-
J ;
ft.'
flr-i-fi-
•
3' L*. u ^-^V;,:: 4 ©uT^a^ ^f \\\t had*
"WlHv
bKAPH. Static S
il
.rrc>VY<-,p«rrH^-^-if^ fcOi^^L^Vx/^-jtj-Ou^
'
btiiifs^vu-'v^'vtJ' at fell. 'f^rSl cc
•
^^
Take i^ C3>^r^r.t
<'U-
C;;8,Ap>: . :5TATt H3
; ^ <ibww*^/ a 1\ to
€4^' I'Vi
-
'N,
, -
TiOCtty q.s an ^ir»ei^t <jj siolbii^ in. aycrr<s> cyf a^^^ cov^^<<^eva-
-Crr-m,
3-9-6. POINT Of ^PPXIC AT 10 K afTHE RS --
Ty^j^-s^ W^^dL R>e exF^nodes ,«rv vice vers a j tKe tnrcl n >!>>- ?
ate <^ TUe rcvilve er( tjravtly fs lUe 'Jjomt es[ <3A|)lf.^a\»on
g '^^-^Tra *^t
^ fr <"- > l^r « S S ijOf g. . TKuS fxij^ ^^^-^ & ^-"'^^
see f^ . 37?
3^8. RFSISTA^CE TO
(^
]xv umt <^ aTeo. 5
C Wma -H?^ lJt»^a^e 9*esrsiAH^ "To Crushir^ af 'frc tviatirv-
fjj
cr( C ^or m(y5t W1U»^ «f^*n€S^ see § ${)3 .
*• '^
ecf^uiilto 1>^ rwcan '^ '*
S
l^ut {ov
$»<q€W it Is Vest To assume tViot att tiyvte<;
^
(^{yoh^ vkiftv-
(3^j The. tncAn '^ytssu,r€ )wjr Mjwtt tf| area. »?n fite
asm F.-j. 39 j. I
[ |lrlj I I-
I J I I
suy^oii^ cj^ e£>ntact Wt^mes W^v curui laryeT fr«TM. jl^c c©m-
^jvKjd.
*^
Curve ^ Vr<:;ssccre
^*
an ccy»U tu^tx <^iven iocwl-
J trt.
36tpRACT)CAL COIVCLuSiOMS
If |orA4tvOt OrcK and. loa4tvva with, ^rrvx p?evS ^ <^v*.
<sf \>?e hclnlis A ]> Jtt<i B Fiy 3 8lJ enuVel^j wltKm ft^
bol^Qori can Tot <h"awn *vilKiri tKa ml^le tnivd ^v4 only
one wilkvn fti€ fltrcVi -Ymy ctt oJl^ Itie oirch nta^ slavxi
but cVvj|>|pm</ <Kv\A Sj^qwlm^ are lil^^lv Tt cccur oct (h<S
-
€vT V)o )Be lev\^U7 erf i^t 'Wo^cv RAy iw 1>>^ fovre Sia^-jr^m.
^38y
tjprmtjtnO'-\ine k) .about ^0 or rS
from V^-»e croww^ F<o. 3?iS*^ jo Ht«tt 1he
iVte ViCU4vic\\eS <^ rKe mc<i*^ <?cv-ch ^witH carlV ^Wted c3-
--
drel vvaHs . For ^voi^ii'vcOQl Ireafrwie.v^t e^jtcal areats <?f tV>e el-
eXAJViP)-H OF
36'6'.
H^e eaY^k oriirvota \r> tKe rolio \7o : loo av^A a<I<1 {tie re-
5«^Y^ J
selUv*^ eff tWe s**tK v^ttccJlj froivi tWe |>o*f!t 1VV The
,'
Sidierci.. Hcvtcc -frovwv f <
<^ . "J^C we obtain Fw
%3S7 ARCHpS or MK60NKy 20y
E OjiS.- ^
^ CoWXOVR
Wes ^
^Aa6 \Ke l<?ctcl \n-.vwef^ialew above, hte yicv oind. •*•
]:HeY.s as 1\ie "^nst. 5ee .Fib 39-2 , A A' ePc ave aWt.^/eirs.
[>yecediviy l>6i-h5La'bxbViS^ fov <x .aivcn atcW i^vod load ^w< Ave
-veaavj to "j:nraceecl iv'itlt tVie cjvaf)Vnc treattv»eht )
i»€,,il'}'^.
e p q vaW y ^
>i e c e sS aV ^^
to \re at ^ s '
cu )u\^^ tvi a. u v\d t?r Hi e il)^^ -
.
% 358 ^
Ai^ CH Sj_crj(l A 50 M K Y
^ _^^__^ goo
CA,^^E:I. ^YMMtTRlCAk Af?cK ,w. SYMMETRICAL
LOADING, C'^U''^te^.ly'^A,evv>,<Xnc',.t) oraea<i *•
lo^.u».
•^N
' ri^
t\-rr\\ (AvA.a W<J mto Six oir^^n diuiS-
p^*- Kai-|«sban-1
iipn-^ Idu veyltco.) Unes* these ams,6K5
.^^^ 6 •>.
JS ; or i>:^ !,S7^^.
""^ &
r: Oi^U. v/^^'ei^ht of liie ]>e4ix<)c5Vi t^ N
^'1'' ^ F^cj . 3?3\..v.a Us Vne 4 a|^i;,4-
tjcn (jKrou^^ centre ef cjrt^vily) iv.<3,y V>e
|<j^^^
\>j/ cor>^V)mm^ rcsu-lts fcr ^Vt€ ivvo Vv^eioi'Jf
into
vuViJcV it j^ di'Nr^aed by a vertical ^KvoccqI^ T .
fovtKe (jW«wloA.am^^^i<Kd^y^- A
— — —
jeiVVs are ^ut 1>^ B>e S€<)^ents <?( 1^« *<JuiIu- O^ '
3? 7,
Inilovi ^>oK|Cj|oi'V Fio, S??^ -sere tKc W*Ji o| a|>|>Utallevx »k.
w'hu€ tK^ cwwoMvit c^ndl 4rrection of coci^ sjxcK |)r £1,3 were is
A^c»v "1^
-j(5^
Vt^3 sHouU W. juJU!t4*usly rrforei(\t/^rtivvi !!>€
TrcWuIiD*!; or airri>urtt
«f tnC ^c<3L3m«7^ if a^lcwaUe I'v^ay oa'in
"lu jx-s^ <\ ^iaU 'force cJvoujroiim. ^»a5 "th^ -TuiX e^evA-tioH of
% 38f Af?CHE S' Of MftSOKgY 07
?t.
y.mt at mAl
' m;<i<ik o{ frie Cr<>wr» joint. \ Iick V>v/ 5 3^1 (^t4^> '^n ^^i'^
ISe rrvvJulk Wdl, Aii> fe) tt\e •'ivvAC llvte^y OcrtV' ci^atw^i
-rtA
THcin X^e -^rr^^iVuxL -^t ;<; rv^cil always ajj^c^re^xt fkx Mt^
?*vsj>*i<^vcn . a>U 1ti& ov><?- A\yeaJ)> iravA/n (jj wiiW Wi^^^e Hx»i^J
:)vi tke a.mi»*^Kt <XKd iv*f elt^.n of the YtScclto-wt ^|^»v*<'c( j^y
00a
3'?'?.
mM 3D ,
c<u(i {hid ^e^ cenR?. o^f<?v^AVll
.
,
, «*.f>fitr>l "kt-jOKu^ rke mt4Jle ^MYiL (jev^if Hiti rme
^^ AS
IS'cj. ^OC
If -na*; '
d
9 %
Co^st IL.I.t :H ouiMdie H^e wvU,
fall v<i^c.aot^.€
~^TICI (y^ -L
c[Jj
^voka mUdlc of Wt, Keve since It^-e
li
;U«S
1 III I
I T I
III II
4%-,,
**
|/8 (ft lift
/8
I P >.?
I
8 a 1
^ d U ? ^il'f
(<i <n. inches,^
-
^.o Vji^Mt-i'M ,
err loolt^i to tU« '^I'ev ^tVuxt ^Vlfi «»^iv
rv!^\*c1\y
loncjVVie v'llo .
oi»^ci of cou-y^e destroys US •naicl(ty^<5y ve5i^{
intr.t ^
tVuxt rvo :,ec'^ion T?€ covn.ceu/e^ mcuJ^ d its exW«v4^-
ities "<f I'Xe^ ^ keuce »Vw cleaLn^ witii. m-ol rvio<5e df :iujb
(Pv^, ?didig"s >y^€lV»i>^ 3 sec ]b. 1?^ -fov reference^ tfc t^ Co«^ ^
acWis <5| Tl-ve UHev- act lkvcu.<;K mese VWj €«=> PIc, H^i^
ave four^ljui S'X«- ^iv/*^ Hj^^ ri^ The soWl\oH i>j ^v<-
t^Ca^yaivi , Sco[>|>osc tViai in. 5<*Tvtc wa>^ (^tc !?<. «3git|»^<^i«^^ S**i»-
I
% 367 ARCH-R^es 5)3
-free. B«ticf Uk
iky The WtA<*i<:
|^e<B*j>^'
line AKtA rt»t>nor^
rvia.\ aCm AS
*
vertical tnTevccjjt Ve- J ^*"' ^^
,
©r W>J (o^ TKe -^C <i>a^t«»iij
ed ^
as CDf^KJKxxezL uAjf^u lU yoiWe Wf^vc loA^mJ • Consoler
-net en ^e. pe*iU*n m s|>ctce <*( tKis J>ayt flf IHe "rsU^muilxtnce
na<^WW •
^fc 16 net
§ 371 EXAmPlF Of ^ ^^
EI J.
%3 7[ ARCH- KtSS -^^ &.,
PRoaECTioKS OF'THFj:)J^P>^AceMBNT
37i^.
OF A^^K PoiNT OF A U3AiD£>0 W6 REIATIvi^IY
To AwoTHBR PorMT A^D m^^ fTVKCE/VT ^»Ni? AT
TH'E LATTER • Xet O "Uc iKe Wrnt w^os< disp^ce-
\rveKb J^ cansiAeYcd onA B fr»e o1Ker.^int. fC^. ^10
j
4argt»»gnt m ^^ace ^ S<v»<:e net(N«v "B >v>r 3T Ws *v<?v*
%37i ARCH-R135 3I*T
ttottS
J
FtV, ^/2 , li 15 run/ SeCK
375.TAkUF5 OF ^^"^<^'-«f
MEAfl RELATIVELY
To S /«<» 6'4
'\>et»^ tolWM. ^ ,\ ft
F«^.^'^- Aw '-^
ana ^-"^
^
TH^Y-PROiECT/OMof 0\ T)15->
f
MXcJs ^
Vjcol^y^ to "(orm «^
:> \ ^
16 (^^ fi^, ^/Vj "f^r <str^ TWo <^ ^e j>oljji?nS */« ka\i€
H .
^^ ^
C4^jl
H ; X • V
0^0, ^o on. %.^ H Cv^^-'Vtlc) ^ H X FT? -=^ H"k ]
376, GRAVnY VFRTICAL, f^ti^ '^t saw.^ cov»4ruc-
l/on vn FCq. ^LS we can cAtTev^^j'v^e IVie Im^ <?( «*rfioH (oh
c'jVak^/5tY vevtiCal) ^/J^C )KXv«l)ie] VCvTlCixl foirc^S 2:^ ^-2^ 5 ttd.
J*
"^^T^inlKe }>o'\x)<^on FQ m SK-tk ol |>o^Mion as To
cf cj^aui^Cj- of (tie.
Ud In Ck) ivfi^^ili^
c^ . ,
^
w T-;
T l^e
-
'»
-
**
"
Tarok^vi »
i^c\U
•* **
*
^ 377 ARCH- RIBS ggy
!il»)| anQlt7€> af\d Aact] -form 1he Coviajljor.s whicti 1/^fn 7vi<**s1 -{ui-
i2ontai Warn (^
3€e |<«<£ o{ Fic>\H*17^ Votst ^^vj^r-e j vesuvid on
l^eui^^ sKif ^s<i aioKa Itrtir v<irlvc3t^<io kJ, t)>avcj€ ^ju vol tie }
yn^an^ cf § 376
r.
BxamJiU ofHui . Fi^^^-
a\ To 1^€Vvt^ of
i^vn^ cle r «1 au VT o r« fn e vty i «cjt I ord I'^j ate 5 iVi Vev< ej>tifcl ^« lw«^*H
J
H^r^J^o
GLAS5 B.RfL^THRESKm^es^
at the CTowv;^.
TKal
F.V. 36 ^^ ou. cxomVl^ of \K>ij. >*—^ ^^
IS, the rii) ts dihcov^\mux.uS dttU ^ 1/^*^'rT\t
%t nicfvit»nt <j( Hi^ sTrc^i 63u.^]€ mu,st
_^
«fini
\,
!' Con«<we
^
frte
* -
—
ddiW
^
(turve HWm
Y<
dkxd(
/|.''« 4 — •
-OsJ\l '^^ »i€ CcmfJi'u^ouS cunrt ^form Wfeye
373)
....e
^f>... § Jf«{-M3a.-El]- .M
*%i 6\kty IWo Aye tUot % trtust >A^S iW*"* O ^.M)
V '>^'i^'^*^"^''^'\
€4 \n Acre Aic n ,
jVt^ otvti^le Ij^^wfevi
' / ''
0'.
F»5,^a^¥
the ^ptc/e^. >ol, Aw4 H-ve aXiS 31 (v^ieU U 06}
d O O
In y^A^ital gra)f>Wcs we can ndt c^eal vvim mfrntl^^imal s 5 Wet
we mu5it SuiksiiUite Zl^S ^ s*y\^\ Imite y©»V<»n df l>»e '^iIj^covw^
{<»r <Js . e^J. CO now >*<uis ^^ ^^^ As = ^^ yz As
o o
B4Jf we Ue AUTHE As's EQUAl., As is * ca^vv-
Vhow "facToY Vinci CiKnCtis out ^IcAwmJ otS «-fin«ii "forvm |oy fi^ (j)
t^p^^^f^^')--' CO'
The cjnev twd coniitton^ ocrt ikoi ike ^>«C ,€^, V«l. '\)e9'iis *t
^V.c tp
» 1^
'^\K
« .
t '«
" ^ U7
->» • -'a i? -'3 3 -'^ V ^ ^
(jf
COttTSC we a© not ^trvd iHoi V -vl<'* ^ 51'k . KeJac-e fte
ec\ Vhctt tke stresses at> iK^^ ^o*4.«n<i in tke d^ffey-^wt |)avts
{ 2:^3^05 I
XZCI5 Si 5 ^^ I
y^*^^ ^ ^ -^.O^)
/^B Ah
i^ssssfsi.
%390 ARCH-l^lBS •
2^G
•— ~ ^ . — I
(s^€ ec^.s (23 •, tKe iXs cattCfH out "V oin4 Ae^ l^cocTs jte
i^ecial e^U 1>ol>^<^o»'^ _j
Wfrt^ vm aft<x reference-line^ l^
' O^ '
5ce FiO ^ll^J I( tV^Se Sums ctre net e^al^ ike ]x>W^»s>-
ei' v^io (^ovw^ lViu.« ekfluvoe the z'* 's . «n H^e m*5vse -«i\io^
r)^cz'>S<jir\^ tb fruai«<_- tti^iSC Sujrrv? e^^u^ c»nd ^hS Satisl^
"Wal{ «^n or» l^e le'ft. Fi<7. ^30 wUtre, \V»6 werticej s<«le
% 36 Arch- RIBS 237
•
-p -p -p ^^ e,i,U «iu^ As'i.
p
P Ac, ^>e rkeloA^^
( I'i'l'
(3-z')'^S eXC€fi li^e (-4')^5 "bs^ c^n oirrvount s:^ ^t^vC V7nWe
line
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