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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

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UNITED STATES OF Alfefiroi.
. 5

y. ECHAjdCd
cf the:

"^TPiEK^^T^ AHD&lASTlCiTY
Of

30LU3 i

3eziii> TccriUT^f the MECKAHlC

OF EHQlNEEfJNiQ ly JrvinfT. Ckufvh.C.t

C omell LLnioer Ttly , ItWca, M Y.

WASHI

<^^
IrY\nC|? J, Clnttrcn,

^'
^^
^ b
>)

;5' 3^^
^
Tabu or cc^ntent^ .

CHAP I. E;lsineniarv/ S^^cbSs'i anA Stlra.w>S ,..^3. I

^^ COMpf^^SSic?^^ op SHORT 13lorKS ^.i?&'


. ..,.,,

^ Q.C2 llern^HS
. <?k, crw'sWn^,

"^ ?iO^\ factor 4 IraffrTv '^.C^g frswiiial Tvrft<S

^Sk£AF?lN5 . - - . p.?6
§ 2o7, ^\y<h ^&6 5Weatn>«Wt*Lnrrion t^^?. Skt&vfv*^ stress «») •

^*.v* «{ tbe Same HTWjr^y en iVie f««r-fe« «^ ot^^i^cnf.

CUAP, XL. TorsiO^. _ .


>,S1

^ lib Tcr'i>kjncA S^rUn^jtVi, 5.\'?,Toy*. sVffnesS, ^li'" tfi^. Wi^»ew*<.


^ *XVj *f^o\aT moment <j( in<^«<i . :2^0, >iow- cIrcJUr '^Koift^.

CHAP. m. Fl€XHt€ a[ Komdj. j>»i4ms Un^

^!l^fe TV»e ^^^.Sfic jorceS. ^"^.7.Ncu.WqL>tW C0n\am5 centre rf( <p«v%Ii^

^ 2^3. Kor,a»nLi\ Uffl|,«^^5 ^c^jj^-rJU ,Vul ^. mi,^« . ^'^^.liUU,


TABi.? cf CONTENTS >. Iti-

BQ*^6, fl<7r("2Cr^t beanr», «vv<ii St-tjipoyiedijlOGui ujn{{crM <?V€V w!-vaI<L l^^Tk


^ '''^'7
Cc^nlilevfer^ ^ 23S, K<rri-2.,lD<«in^ UrmiVioJ loads.
, e.<?u.ciil

SAF& XOAPS INT FlEXVifeE

^ 2 ^ /. H cmz^'tvectivVy ertji s Su.j>porfei^ central IcacL 5^ ^. D !tic "but > #W-

^^^"I 1^ etc .^jo vavWs tvvaterv«ls %^7, Wuu*Tor\ca) £xa»wp^^S

5^:^57 Rw^tln-w joy D^i)t beorrtS

*S ilS'ir,!De5i^Tir^^ secT/ovtS ^ built "bcoHms, 55^ Set df nx^vta*; teaiis

^260 S\r^<^W ccceM>cC loouJ ^6\ Two e4*«»* fen^rn*^ ii«»4^


i ^6il loo^ w.tti!(orTvi rverVkAYl df S^«t> • Zi3 D>Ud ov«y vAoW^i^n.

^ X(^C> .Four cWnvoTiv/^s ol^iosnc ^v^rvA, 2$7. t^eSia'e^it^ ^ WAwt.

CHAR IVCFUx-^^ C^nlmu.ciy^^'^^^^'^^^^^ Cl><J^ii/?fi


^^ 27 1 P-rfirivtwn . ^7^.*Tvv<s e<?w.al sjx^vts^ eev^lrol Ic^s.
5 '-^73 "tDido • CA\'\^^C>Tv^ )oa4'» OV^T- vvV)cltf S^»tS, Q.lh PrT^»^*Iji:o«a*^^

KCK-p1?!S)vcATiC. e FA IV)S OF "OVIFORM ST l^PKCrfT


. .

TASLE OF coNTG-N-TS > iv.

§ ^^V Remarks. S^S' possi^vc^^ou <si tk^ eWsttc force-S


% ^96* <i, ELccSUc curr^. -2^6 C'bl^u^ caruv Wey v/i^ Ferinii^' )oci«J

§^^f .Nru.m«n'ccil ^oiJv^jVu 3^0 Hooks, 30l Crane.


CV.oii.Tr, Fiexixxt crf^Xonq CoUm^iS " |>J3^

§350 Built ColixmtiS, Sll Mom^nf^ <?{ m«rlia c{ buili CMuuriv^^.

C k(5ij?.l7ir . L mear Cl^$ (#f bUxWtrrk;) ,


v,, 1S6
§.3)6. B).<K:i^weTr)< arch, 3^6 . i.*i<«>- «anrcU«5 .

*3 3i'^«Xr:>#^Trft4 colevvoary. 3t^, Xir^co^' orcW^ unirf ^TV-ew. loAiL^


% Sl'^^C^rcJlav ore a4 Vm eov -oreff S3.0 ^txrahcla AS linear- atck."^
,

% 351. 1vl"<Wr ccrck^arcjtvCM uy>f>-€3ft»%L*«- 4ff UcuJ ^^..^^ I3J63


5 33 11. ^pf^ ttfvito^y ^ -dioj^ V»e^ 3tl3 J?emarUi,

% 33*^. TW S^pet^oi H«^uii. ?o"\A/<^ot> 'VU reUiialb \He Presses m \t»e

ixt^a rv>e,f FORCE DIAGRAMS V. ., . ^. flS6.


TABXE (^F CONTENTS ^.^

% 2>5'C. TVie tWelii^ear arc}\ S6 2x.^t«l<£5H of the S«trrt€.


)

^ 36'^. pTtxchc^l Ci7n elusions.


ARRANGE MH?^T<5Fl>ATA f<3R GicApiW: TRFATN>i?w-r^.^u

^ 3v^7 P»€ys oin^ oi)vtT^-ey>t ,

(GRAPHIC T]^£AtK)HN^T of ARCH ,_ ^^ -j^.^c^

ci^-^ u.4fi^\jv>\rv»<rY»'ca] ii?caitn«. 3^0, C cyt<i/L'<cfvt5 o] Safe <5e*s*^*i.

^ ?>76, Su.mvKt.Alii>vt «[ |>TO<^u.cfe 37^. QravAy veVt^Ca.\


% 377. Con^\y<x^Uon jcr 1W Vtn U n^A^e ^ <C «= *iw^, J Xtv^

^ ^^S' " - '^


; fixed ev^As ^^'i
^
S 3%7. Re-^ai-ne ,

>{of?\Z(DMrAX. STRAIGHT ClRPHRS^-)>.'^V«


Fi5S. 1^2 foiiOO,To^acey %% \7Q~-tn

r*-4~~^
F ^

F,^. !«?^ § i8i { Fig 1*?^' §!8

i^'.J'^^;
\^.?^^^J^
.

^7^> ^1^!^ i

Mcrm rr.

m 5
\F«V.
$^X!---
I*?? § /82

Fig. i'J? ^ l^/


^AF .

Rg. 500 § \n
PART n
StKEKSJTM Of iV(ATERlAls.

Cliap. Lolcmeutqy Stresses & Strains.

l78.T>EfOpMAt!OK^ Cf S0).lDjBoDlfcS. In -Hie

brece4»a6' WTHons 6\ l^u's vvcr'^ ,


W^ul w^S called techmcallvcL
•Viijid b*i'iy'\va.s. suj»)>^5ed vncab^^Ae o] «iha\icj\n^ its -(orm^J.e. Hie

"bcsclWns <( i^^ patTiclei yelaSiufelv ^^ «^^^ chcr^under he. ort»cn of

Any foY<ieS lo be Vc;uiflit L^pcn it . \ b«S sitj^poSilTon wc^s made W


cauS€ ffce Ciian^e of |or\^^ wK«c1a rnusX artua'i^y <JCcu.r does ^ not

Uire ov ^TLO^VuVte, Id sU^^v^ Itov^ tlie. jri^tvi'dual bieces suck ^


corisJ-rucHo^is sWouL^ be dssi^^i^ec^ u awo'icl undeslraljle deform a-

As )3«Tl7a.t)S Hie SunJslesV in ^Fawtre ©I


the dejormaRon ey 4is-
[irUiJu s( a 5o1icl^lA uS ccnsic^ev the case a brismadc rod.
<5^['

in a state o"| te*^.S(i?f\ j


Tiu , l^.? Tlink of a Suvvsj/ors cKam^

€.^.\ \he jauU ci eacli ei^d. l& ^^ana die to3]; )& s*^^ To W w*i-

dev a. "tension tfj X Q''^., ^»tS^ or ctkcr umU^ loot ^X*


Lei ABCT) be 1he eiici vjcw o'[ an eleinei-^^avy l^arcOlelobibc^^

ori'^inally of Square Sectioa ^^"^^ vjU\i -faces qt 45^wirh [tie

ax\S Oj tl^C |)r«'sm. Jii is now <Aejorme<i^tKe 'jou.^ faces bcr-


jbew.dccu.lAV' to V\t ha^ey teivi4 Uw^ev tl'taa Wfdre^ wkje itxe <?k-

olcs ^AD a>ai5 BCD oTMirialW ricjlit an^^U^^ are now -shr>a1lev

^ H cer\a.i¥K. amount £ ^
ABC and A^C Xar^ey V>y cut €<3«.cal

amoaht 0. 1 .nd elemeot is sai<d to log ma stafe of SJRAI'Y^

Viz.: tke eloin^oTioa <?{ ifs edi^es (j)ey[>eiAdKu'cii^ u» ha^JCK*) Is

calUd a TEWS^Lt STl?AlM,wkilc tlie olfevciTiJh mlWcq-


tl78 ELE^4, STR ESSES^ etc,

oUs ]pi:!wfecn ll'S faces i& caUe<i tx b\i£a'r;r O sTratri or aia<^«^-

since BC Vv'^-s \>eer> WKxde !o s\k^c^ re'\<aljv/£ly t© AO^andLlluye^'


caused l\\e cWv^^e of <:vr\<:;je). H<s «^*»« | 1 o'[ tt^e word sTrw,*^^

1o si^ni'^Y cKaUi^e ot ^crm ^h.d udt TKe force J)Tt3ciu.<(i-ic it ^


is cf
recent ado^jtou oimono nu^v^lhou^K nbt ca]l ,l2:clvfcal vvriTfersri

17?. ^T»^Al^/S. Tvvo'KJN'PS O.Nky, Just a.s o, .jiv-

64^ Vine tn<>ky t^ co»^Sidcrrecl to 1??: i^oAe, ^^ S\na\\ slvcu,^ut !i«t"

cWdisWTs ic> the scfcla^lcuice ^5 otum Soi«*i l^ody ma.y i^e constdeKd

are e«<:K "^i*^** Wfcrre tV<£ \>cciy is S*Aje.c!»2ci fe TKs ^x-cHon of farces
"buC vuKick o' e not ^ecfs^ianly cubes. A luie* ^ iucU e\ct\tsn(5

IKiS «ioe3 net r\ec£S5rdin\y vr.^ply ap'^^'*^"'^ naluire- irt Rte mcdsr^i-
o\ tn ^^^^sTfOix, I n«i ^yskiw ©j irT>a.<::^ii'>avy <«^tivty sur][ac€S W
vJhicK ^-x^ \3c^y W \\\mS Suj^diVidecl nc«4 laot Consist cnRrely of
|>latie5 '5 m the. suo^Vt of Ic^rsion, |or msTcwice^Hte "jpara)lelo))>j>a<.

icai eletnent$ co^\s'uiere<^ V© m cotr^reiA $y«c t^hn civic 0.1 sheDs^cut


"kolli \y trci^svcYse <xv^<ii radial T?lan<ts.
p\t\ce these e\eir»enls ar-e Ictkew so JiwaU tltat tlie cnly hos-
%ibie clwyvrjesof "jorni m a1^y out ftf iii«ti'\j AS in<luc«<l Is^ <x. 5y5-

l<rtn ef fixfetna.! T«js~c«5 atflmy <?!> i^^e 'h^dy are ftl<3w^«^t?«i5 «>-

contvorcUoMS 6[ ills ed^s^avt^ «iliet«:dto5t <jf \U cHn<i|Uii^ ftesrc c<r<

tut Iwo kiviiis ftf sWm EjLO)^'{3ATiOA/^ (^ conlYtx-cRoit If^e^.

180. DlSrRiBUri^P fOKCS^^or%XH2SS^S)An

Ifca] "bu.r}>o3«s Te? coi^Cidt)r a f ovcc fi<.s aj>]>ij'e(i at ^ 'bomt of


a IffOiiy^Vut ir\ ycc^lity "{t xryust ^^ SisXriiu^ed. ovcr a. definiTe a-
>«CL; for 0l\r\€YW\S^ n^e mc^f^i-ial WouU JaC. ^uiyj^cTed lo c<«a

xirifinire force )>er unit <»f


Or^O-, /^ FoKCS like <^rav%ly ^ v>u?ifi'-

^l^»s alTyucUoii elc. w€-Weafed as dtstn/^ui^ct


1t<;^v£ oilv-«a<k

<s>v€r tke rwo-ss<5f ^^iy, ^ut m.


refe^^kvie \s ri<>v/ Kcu^ |)arrc-
uiarly to tke ]3rc$suve of cm^ "l5d<i^ o^^iust ai^ol^^ft-^ or
.

%e. (xtXion 6\ on? jporlToi-i oj %6 hody ot\ the rciv^aiocier.j for


\v.s\c\act^ sufficient stirla<e "Jiiust "he W«v"i^e4 tclvueec\ UieetJ

of <Jclt»aieA 'beajw Q_r\d %c- '^^cr on ^I'WtcV it re^$ To avoid mju-


Y^ to either. A^dn ioc imaJx c. uir*: masi tt#t fcc U3«.<^ io su^o^vna

queit Uaci. or ike t<eix5(«f> jper anii 4 a^£<2 «/* ixs c-v^^s Hficiton i?<-

C437n.es safftctcrri to ru/jiun tf

/Sjress ts disirt hided /ercy . <tri</ ti^s tnien ?fiy ctian^ j^otrd cf

i/ie area. i%

camln^ M-J^^n iK<ri avea .


If egi£al cJPs (ai( paxalUl} dci on e<jua/
,

fl^Fs of a jsLane sut/acf -^it^ stress Is 5at<i-(oije ^f ittilfdrm infcn-

vi'Aere P- f dt<j.( force and F th( "idtdi olY€xx over >ir/iio/i jf ii<f/s. l}t

sie^m |7Y-e8sare ^k a /pi6t:<>n cs an e^-atn);!* of stress ^f unifcrtn in

JSr ^TRESSES ONAHELtMt-HT, OVTWO KINDS ONLY


Wktn a toUd hodn oj any ntaretrla/ is in e^*(.i/?ritt7w uno/ev a
Sy«l5^cm of forces, wklck do uet ruj^tUre ii^ not (^riU is tfs sfiaj«>€ ol/-

iered (ie.iis elements ore siraUg^/l, and sTresses jivociuceo^ flTi"iiis€

f>(an€5 on yukickikt (orcts aci , jsui dker stresses cU%o o-re induce cd
on so?ne <?ra/^ iniertusX sar/^ac«« j4/^A;cii Separate cUtneni from d-
€me«t,/cyer otn^si atoKeiKe forces v^tirk wliic/i fk^ c^emerrf^ mo.^
/lave cLcied on €ixek oik^r tefcre-tke af>jjlico:TioK of tkc exfcrna/

fffrejscs cv ^a)}jfUed forcf^s"). JSo lonq at ikt yj'kaU selid hiiii

""{iSl fc^^y W-UdLer c^ n sic^€r ail 6'H ,


+h cs e *
I n+cr rn..
*
%'hrts «es , iei no ihn

foTtes wii^i k^Atcii t kt hofiloYK en cnt «tV€ of (XJn*f ifnc^lntLT^ carina


^Um^ otcts OH. "^/it jocrf ion onike dktr %ide ,
^o nd apjjcar in aa^ e-

Quaiion of e^tuiitriitm (for if tnfr»<ii«^>e<i! ^'key \i/«ui<l cancel ou^J;


ttrf if M^€ cons4<ier fret a jpoi'l'ion onty, soTixe or aU of what oou,nd'

iVJ^ surfaces ar€ cuttlno^ )»U7i*s ofikt original fccciy^f/cc 9^ess«s


eKuiiH9 eu^to^e JbUt^^s are brenjW' iit/o i/iC e^4caiions df eom-
§i8l £U£M. STRESSES, eic

jSimiUrly if ^ s4h<j/« eUmeu^ of Hi€. hod^ is Treated h>j dsd-f/iltt

siressei ou ait si)c 0^ ib faces ^~io<\^k€r vviiK ils wei^Ht, {jr?na i?<xittJi^

€ui jyair^m of f-crrces, ^le b^iy bcin^ su-bj^cise^/ d"f rest,

As an e)taruj&u of tuHirn<il svYess, conslier cujatn ike cose o( a^od


tuicuslott. Ft^. /^3 $|i«ws Hic wkol^ red (^r e^j e- bar) free, iKc for-

ces P beiivg i4itf preisuyes of ik^ pWiUxikt e^es, ancl c<3UfcSln«es-


"temai. stress /co7n)i>r€SsU«. kerej oniKe surfaces of on"fttc1". Ctncem
ati<^\d secTuon 'mtJuic'iriroM.qk AB^ fdr etvottqk -{y^rvj itie eye ll-ic\l

we ma^ coasUev me inTerna^ sKess lo pc cm<|*c?rm iu Tli«s Sc-c-

tion, ctrvti consider fee "bo^fjon A6C as a. -fyee \)ocly , u% "ff^^.


I'^t

llie s^essei o\\ AB^ now cnc of 1^6 bcancVinu savfaces <?f
l^^c

•Jvee laodv;^ must ^t '^mllel t T;,!'^., normal \ AB ; roHner

16 |>r€clucle<i \)^ Hie aecess'ify oj S^Y Ve»no ^ O^Aiid rt>es«|>*

"^o^llToii ot uniformily.j Let F =- U^e SecUowal ctr^i:t/ A6 .atidL

^« H\€ slresj. I^cr un«t of area. -,


tiien

iX" = gwes :E=r Fp , i.e. , -j. = X- Uj)


Tine 5l^te c"( lnteyj^«.l sR-ees tben^ is Such f jiaf (?w j<?iaj2e5 Jber

j^enoliWar "to (it? ojcts f?/ ifu^ fcar "^/t^ stress is feasKe and normgi
(fo fiiose ^Dlan^s). Si-nee tf a :&ecTtz>^ »»/^re ma^t M\(yij.e io tkt ax-

is o( i\i€ hour, "/(le ^itess would ^illl foe jjcxraUe! ioike ox\s for
reasons ds cthove ^ iv U e^lde^i: Huxl on ait QbUciie s«<rfioT\, -//it ^ress

Tkc j^resfttce of {he


'

iayK^ trixlal qy sfigfer lu^ sTress in oiltaue


secdicn^ ts re,nder€4l eridcvd ^ onVtd^-Tiua -f fwit tf an obUqyue
dore-4o4t jo'int wer^ curf ui ii\c rod, Fia. i0i5. ike %lte<xrlnQ sWs
C^\ Irs surfaces Ttiaw fee ^ufftti^ni to o/erc6Vi\e fricf'un aiic( cause s/i-

(Aui^ atong xke otu(?«f|?la7ie,

Jf ft %kori )Qrlsn^a^'lt Uocl< U LLruicr mo cc^mbre.s&iv£ xdlow


of "f-?» loic*«, eac/i-P anfl( alpjplUd ceniYat^ in ov\e tase^nrttTm^/

sAci^ tltoi ffie tfa-fe <)f iTd+eYTial airess is i/tc sanie <x,« /k<;t<' of i/t£
YOi/ unoUriension e^ct-j^i iiuit ffLi «#rnta( sire^sfit ore. ©jf cwdi^ir
§;8/ BLEM. 3rRBS5B.S,dc.
ri/ slqn^i.t- comhrts^'y-Ye iTisread of renziie^ and ikoi ike iliea.ri)va s^re*^-

t^s (or iencfefvc'j -^osliae) OK ol3ti(^LLe l^ianis are ojopastire in direct (on to

-fk<?se In "Hic rod.

Since ike rtsMxid STre^s onaaiven ntceTrna! j^ici'Jie oj^ a tJoctvj

{3 fMr(^ r€(>v&S£KTeo( c\j Its ncrrrvac auc( iangeiittal <u>mj)orie^is K/e

are ikcrcforc jajfij^iecs/ iti coHstJertuA j^j^i wo nind'i of \nTerTiai


riress. norvKixl or j\r?c t , <i=ci.^cl t^ticjefiti'dl or s>h£f|jrm^.

182. RELATION BErWhRN 5TpHS6 AND STRAl^f.

ro^ In Ten^iCi-^ . Coi^sidev -^r^t ^ smo.)! culojc element \rj)r\ose edqe.

= OL irt Icnotk cind wKick }xa6 Twc [a.c£S jaavaliej Tc the )>'^j>^r_^

'htlrtcr token vitav tKe iT>\c)ic^le of ttie ro4 m j('^, I'^S. "Let ftcaw-

€Ye<i To reivi^»vi u^^cKctrvi^cd MjVvjlfi tlie. Two -forces r ^^e act-

\ny CIS W'for^ Jh^xY actioii . I ne ve sal Cant sXYe.53 oi Hie jaxe A6
lie^'rv^ oj c»vv inrev^slty "b ~ TP-r F^ (^5ee eo^, iZj ^dcv umt erf lycms-

\f<irse »ecJiO Y^ d\ rod ^ is ==r 1> Qa, 5t«^ ocJO/. Hence its component

normcd to AB ts jba*5tnV anol "^te "i<xn^€niia( comjjonent =

For ft, ro4 itv. sim(7)e te>rvs*ot^ we VvAve^ en «3«-)>la.o t nicvkivi^ ^^vtait-

\<on jVuW*)© 1^ c^CvioriLS Itic nftTr»vt«.l ^r^-eSs W^ «4.M\t ef area of

• na sTv-ciiJes ovc C"D are %t bame. u-v value cci or> AB


voUOfi lor Be c^vul AB w-t ^w.l»4iltG^(e ^o''- c<
for o( , Fl^,

ly^jiljl^ e.;^a^^er<^][ej, ^ "tl'>6 $l-r<xcUs or c^rxtw^ae df ^oriA^- o^f fre

y^ece Y^^<j*/"er5 di «r*^|V^«l '{orivi co»a^.JD ^cWy w^>«^^ tft oflcrnAl


^_i8x_ CI^C/Vj. STRESSES h
)'ee o v^ /i c/k
» / V tit oc>e f/i. e 5 h* e^-.^e 5 a re ?*e may e<{^ CoYr&sp dnd

or may he so Cor>sicleye.d pr prCiC-tlcaU fiUfhos-e^ . St^fore.


stra^in tni> ^dj^ AB Yi'as &(fii&i to <l ,^
a,s tk^ p\XQ% P (fif.
i93J <^Te'^va^((ua.ll<^ incre^..^^.d ehn'^<xtUn or {iddCtional
ik-c
[e^n^irk of AB Ino'eases in Hie. sumeydUo^^ ds ti-e 'normal
stress o-A 5C and /iB per unit of (irc!dL; jj scuiUar states-
m^n\ vaxy fce wuzd^ oono^-nity^ fte e'(on^ca.uWu dfA TJ and ihe.
^ress ccrre4j^\(i'i^^^ ia (^ ('.
e, tl^e^mrrmi sfYt^ssonBC dnd

jiy pgr mtof cre((or\ o.lipVTJi?A'eS- ffkis /> ^Ht in


ami sfaft of
She.%sj^ jhe-xj are, ^\'ldtntl\f at^iJitjifijiWe /0?' //?e sliearin^ strQin

C^^ ^ke Qryafar di3MicT\,or iiyf^^rence^ 5^ between f^^'a^ii


f3^'

io.\N then, asT W'^'e^ses W(tlintf'k& li'mlf meitt(on&d ojoove^


(f VaWc-s jjroporttonaHjfob sin o(, cos (X^
/8Z, 0^. EI)f/l MPLt . Suppcsincj Hte red in CjUesU'Gn |/i^p^f> cf cc
Knid a| vvoid in wlifcA q^ sh^^'i^y siress cj- Zoi IjjsMr. sc. (nek
afonj tl^eorairij Or anornial shtsi of ^on liis.kerL^ inch per^
j^evdicuUr to a.'fil>re."J3{(]ir.e.wili pTodvxe Tiiptiirt^ recrahtd.
ike yalue^ofoC tke an^l^y^luck-tkej^'cLln must rnaJfe^Wf-^k i'ne,
avs mt-^ as V iy\tyta^£.^^ ijie ddncjev of rapture^f-rom each
SOuraeTria.y Utke^S^-me^, This Wjiiire^stkcd lOdiH^t^V^bslwOi
Cos^ : fy sin'^0( i.e. tan,<must z:: l.Ooo .\oi^
63x If ike. cross s^<^ti07\ t^ftk^^ rod (s Z s^> inches ^ffie.
,

^rce P ai- e(Lch ejid ri^^^^arij h Proluce. ncptui-e of elf her iQni
'
wAert(i( = bSi: isf^uni h\j putttnj
p sinoL cos<^=^ Zoo:.
596 fU. r>er inzk VV/fenca ^sincc^p ^F-^T^ F~ JooJk
f^ .
scf^. ,

[Unih incM and mind.)


i^B.iiLASTlCITy ('y^e name. ffUtntoike. j>ro\)e,rU/
YVkccK Tiiost n]afertaUti(iye^t« a. cerfani extent^ of regaining
ikeir orimdhrm i^ktHi&axf^ndl farces ^ceed (^certain l/mit
c<illtdih^[:UWO Umr, tkiytco^^r^j of dTLgi'ncLl;f^-m
5/S3. [lLIM. STRCSSiTS
on^^e-parrof t/,ee/e^.e.f, o.\^ partial^
:, t'lt pcrmmentdefom^m.
DeinjcoiH -me i L j
^

mAHc^Vt set b^corr^es v./.n niatl^ed ^'i fli^,


sVft^^es ar^ «rcrea--
ed c^ri4 Iko rest p.c^e i^ ^wcv, an^-k "V..
-coverv u^ l!.. f^y
InVcYvals of TiL'sl

ll.e .SAFE L,,0,T 4 sE.«s:i;i.. ..,., ..,„, f],e eUsl^c


Wit, cleTernnines V!^«i
'^sil'i-'? S-tiilSjH <=' S«fc l=o4 «4 Ttie. b.«e

^A^.u^U tTo,i \.e«,v,.s, f^vfJoDvi^ n,e


<yf ^/ew'jersec, <? feel
a~l IrCH Co 3«t T-er,lo„,_ ^^^ com|,..!«i ct^ «,e IK^eory tK«^
The, <^vear«t i,<,rm.d ^S-es, (t....MCK «r- «mi,,-e«,on) oc.<;^r«^v..c^
&ny mWroca ^tanfi sWaM -aot «jrceeci. lirtrti Us. Wf s<(, wJ,,
T;«rT»>6 ^K-eaFcst s!ieav;«y sTi^esi -i^ot-o lUi j,e^- ^j. mdv

lfr¥ Vj,. MO.D0UJS Of EUASTiCVTX


C*o.v..Ws .afled"

-Jxr «f,-,t cf ar««, 'cy fct ccrre5j>o.,4,«<^ vsWrtie strain

tor.^ sul,j«r.ct fo « t.„s<o^ of


^i r-„„S = 5 0CO ^s ,t

'.-on . n,.K £ .- (coca;) 4 6 . 1 : 300O «.^ J "f-

ft-Ntnei) h'Ai <^h mtensity of


%= T*-;- F = 5000 -T ^ = iOcTTO Us. >e>- s^.U<l,^

er

t;-^ C^ £««e
IS ..rf n,e <^u..,),Ty as > ^ [.e, lU, >.r s.
§ )8^ £LEM. STKESSES 6_
o| ^VcLce. r Jn tVic stcLv^cT of str«hct)i o"J rnaTe vial^ Hie

jncK 15 t-Ae mast canueriUat KnqlUh lintcur uni t, tuivtn tific

)w3urui i5 fa^ «<u\ct of force ; 5#me(^/m€5 tA^ fovi an^^ton are


used toye/Aer)

*^^^ujrtti4flflt yr^n iftigttsidn^, inihe direcHcty of tha /lire, as

S »<try ifi^etiker, fcr^pQ^n dneti-ictx m ao^ttfcn m«t<-naf,


ttoH in a4toen4ftaftna.( £xj»«nmen.t' ctnfcrms ihtt a^ftrcxi-

experiments on j/idr^ t/«ti^i. or on rttds cenfin^d lahrafi^ ia

kkt sh^tina stress ptr WMtcfax^cL mthe ot»tito{iTtcWcii


b^ $ ^in n- fnf asarc) t/»€ cot^^€/^n<3ima aAjM-lar strain

or -/^v «K/e4rtPia la aM»iSJiimaf<^y Con^hsk^t fcr (I ^tvtn Jit-

/^i* ISOTROPES TiH nam* «s ^tuf^nf© fn^rt<i(3


fc^iticfi cu^e kamc^^nct^..^ a.s reqar4<'> i/ieiV tiasftc fifvoper

irt«li(/t«Ct*i«f/y ^^esoimc fcr am^ i?(iKs;^'<jn. £.i3,, a red


oi^ r^i6*r cuf* out Of o-iar^e nt^^^s (jy^K ^JkkHit tk^

ever rh or'vna/ (bc»4^0K /n Mt /n<4«rs. FtSnaus ma-


pSS ELS.fA.£TRESSt:3 ,
f
ways be coi^ioletfcd .
F^i^ pf.'it*^ '-snd v*ei<l«-H^ Pi\i,\iyni^.\-CM% ^mdip^
'

'';ei4diiK^ ii^ aan.ou.Act xA^&t- ti-t- zi-x <:M:f^i^Jui%ci-?' 4 '^'^'^'^^~ ~^^-^^- <^^«-^ '^^'^^'
Jvft

iuT-« &f Hit 'jTtalretlal^

/I7. SPM&RAl PR0PI:HTiES OF MATEHiAL$. lun^N. .f .<m.


jt|i>iiilotis oi^feasi^ (ii4.dc' itfe ittAu £i3LA^ tiiat «it "master Wl ii^lif^iiis

t- h pTciHe .U.U c^i^is aW cAsi iTi?^. , '^k^^uihr-^^; Wii%<iy« sft^vio-

y^TSA. bui iinjsU^'S iiiti^ oriadk^ka t^KcevHitva'i'i%t street c?^ trlnniiv *t

Hv* dii^k ivmit; itvis IfV'asWii cjifts E.^ far vfr^fe^M mn ISM^M
d^vibl*- tke E^ l^tv ca.«i Irem., %'kdv +H« cGmjJs'^^^iN^^ S-he^-^es ^l^V^t-

^ic^( )5urj>ff5t6 A/A^i^-rg fUorU^ /i?3i- aitrf oiWs of more n!c«ui(^


a^ 5^.^ic*aai( e*«c^^ wfc?u ii^^tr mWii>U art jjroi?e;rU dLrferm^WW

*'/» i^t^i^efnin ("kt )>r<.«eivi:w«rk, a*t<3tajrt wmjiKXYaiiveUj


«lmWc. }ix

JCHfc* cuse.:. jTAjpiiic wil( i^ ^rfc^errti "ip avw-lvjltc mettc«i% a^ mete


^jSS. _ ELEIVI. STRESSES ^^
odz \i^ Aiioove/red |or ckfahitii4| solaxton^, AaaiH.eitperiineni ts v-elisd

0\\ al'moBi €?celu'jivel>j In CteAliua vwlm todies of ccrlaiu -f orju-i n-uc^er jjecu-

xiat sv^srewN^ or hrte.^ ^ euttivtcoi f-or'nvu^Uf beiiwi pais<i oritke e?fJ9er"nMidk

•m-aft^,' e,g. tie oolldjjslna ot h^^'dtr tube?>, avid in. sont dearte ijie flev^-

/^(}. CLASS! FiCAT! ON OF CAUSES. MHiohqI tnccn^case wU-


ever oj fie cle^onnftiton of a sollcf^N^ a l^akiricr-i sijsteni c I |oyc€-5 ad-

Liva en VT noTruAi Qcr^^'^ile or conikit^^siifej and ^ilieaviuo sfve^ses are

fcffik c(eYt![^pe<i ui everu eleuic'ni vi/liicu iti a^fe-cTed atou- (acajra ua to


ilie l^iau^ section (^ow^idexecu cAses wfiere rlu bodl^ i^ ^Jrismaftc, tfif

ocieriidt svjSteMi consisfina of Iwc eawi! aii^i oib^iife fofca oMt cd tack
t^ of -fKe j^tece CLwdl dlWetfed awa<j |^runi€aok mker, are c^vatrunU colW

cases of TEMSfON; l[ nie j?iete {3 asa^)n brU^i vvlllime sauteiwAier-


vnuKxi fOTces ctiretied fowgro eack

l. o+W Tii<. ce.'ie U said -folse aKe of

aulie Zona ( aohcj cotavjniy, is a ease ^^ FLBXURB. or bty^din^ o-s


are a/ao w)si ta^es w/^ere-ifie ^A)3J;>ic€(i fottet,** annoi dixcet'ed (xlw

ca5€S
^f
SHEARIMS; a-fw/sW^OLfi cue olTdRSION. lyAen-Hte
Qrouyv.+\i |o»'«^^ d^t -to ike wetoairs of -fk eUmevus a^eolso c/>KJtcl-
eY6o( a <ton<\r>l'noiicM oj-ksc oYmi>re o/t/i^ /oreaccun genemi Cixse^

in eacli case.a^Tr^a+ed.flte jjvinatai ooitw ahited ataxe^ soiode-

stqu -fnc )oi6c< o^if-> iodAlm Hud ilte cire/aitesf atvc^s, In vvfiaWer Je-
ineni if *^iavj occ^y, ^kcJl^iof e^tceed (X %a^ value ; ana ^onieftm^ Ai^
fk«-tmor< f-fi Ltcveitt kbo qr£aT dte/ormo^Tlon ^u4fie JMtxiof fKc (otecf.

fmf objecf f<jfo [^ovvie


rk*. sw^Htcwetd STRENGTH ;Tk€ ^etoiMi

^afficW ST/FFNBSS.
/^^. TEMPERATURE STRESSES, if a^iet^ 1% uUnr suck
cofi^Tmaluf ikaf if Is no"f fret io ckauci€ lit ^orvx wifri ckduafcj tf
iekiberaiuye, e^+erH(3i I -farcer ate indu^eoi.-fkfc ^'ivesje/J trdducccf

t^ w/iiftt aire cd((eo( tg^nj^cygfur^ &4ves5e$ .


IIL xzmdm. n

ENSiON.
ip.HOQKE'S LA W BY EXPEJ^I/VIENT. /S^ a-K^icaUxj^mit^
pi^e teu5i«n c^alona rod ^ cL^tCU rtzetcd sucia^wrotLaW Irau^ctM

biu^ MtcliawtcA Tilt t^i^cyimtnivi old isioAt h^^ ffcclQkins^^^ form

ike Q^eai Itnailx.


&f
Hie yod^wklih mAt cf fttpiA^ki^ Irt^h and O.S tj tn. tn dU-

ike v^trd// incY€aifi> In UttMi i>«l6wfite elasiic (tihif wtt*redujCi(i| m«»s-

ib (hI^''<s' '/a/ttv. /4^f£r e<xc/i akjiyUeta.i'i^n uj loctJ ikeeiciiacdim


was ^nm:9y.r€c(i oW dfirariy f^nmal cf Hu Lc^d.ike perni(^yheni ul,

alle o{ elonaaii^n^ ej awrour|fc(-{roii tad, ofcileitQHi •'//(J'^'2^'^

X Ah TTTTTt IL

' I.

(tHci'US>

0.000082
2X >7 .000186
3X 0.0015
// X ,ooodji^ .001
sy. .0665 .6COA7S .002]
6 X .33J .0S6S .000 6/0 .00^
.3p .CS6 .OD/i
S X .QSQ .000/66 .00/5
^ X . SI 55 .06^5
/ox .082S .Clf(j
// X .16Q ./6^5
>2 X .ssc .66?
eic.
^

^iQf TENSION- /J_

IcoLd Iti on^ €^ pr^meni, F Hit tn^t ^edim cf-i^^ wd; feetictf tfer

??i^ii^
^f
i^ ei^Xi^lm ^ sW/^ a4£> i^ eqmi if /ife<?4e's iiw ts

Irvie. Jf Vi/iK ip-c n«iit«l? inihsrkJd<^ fLxL fhlt is ^t^ tuwriy huf

if PanJ if^ are amj iwo Ucds fceU^ Hu t^, and X atui X, ik^ tmrc^-

Hence cd fk< ?^ /6<i^,w1j(c/i t?ro<iac«s a^ens^iic threes onw


cross sec^iOTi c^ j)-^8y{266/,S^^/3l/0*0 (is. I^r 5a.ijic/t, ft?

fcirm^nt are j^^curcJiei it rU axis of iive yoo( , iv^e Akc^ tiial tf U

(^ ff/i^ iU MsddM^M^mihi tea*. ^n't^^

Tk« vaUcs of £^ coanjs'aieo/ /rem €x)?6rin»CKK /ike -HtoW


/"^Exj£>€r, Eg^'H^^A^ OOO lbs. ^^. in.
5^ M E^ ^ ^2l£U>q CC^ -
^^ n t^^ n ^Zl Bm OM n ^>

If shnlitcr Q^iKLJiiid^flmi^ wzre ynrodc h^tsM^ "Hi<^ eUrkd

siWrivKer, skoYVtiuj ik& Tn^fcTWfr l?t' ^UidmA uni-ci ituDVc Ti&xoitij.

^.iUt eicucj flu u fills i<t^ o^ aJ7$cuia^,^e <ft^>va {i^'fu.( ora^kicre-

fia trior of si^ki 'xu<i 05.%-^ liari. , 4f '/ft^ rc^j^ecrive -elastic


f iitiifs 658, cW B'^^ l'-^ w({( be no4ite^ iii(dV^^ tuSMt fcr

cjlrwe, olib^s cu^TKe aw<xM <»^v^Ye qraiiuAttM ; "{W "i4c curve ^r


S"/Te.e( iU^ ntaxer fke a>cU 'flut'u'f^ cik^ri wliicli indie otits
a /iccjlzer va/u.€ fcr £^ « aHc:^ -fW -(/te ordinahs BA';, B'y4'^

Si) iVicix) i\iAlc<r(-€ -H^t -tetisiU sf-u-^s aftlu; "tld^iic /iniiil. T/iesi

(afi^ wtK fee coi/e^ ^k^ 'moduli rf ^<^t^aci4\i dj'glgs-


oiMJoMiie'i

1*^ ii^^Cf for TKe rfi.^j>e<ff\v€ mo:^eria(«.

Vy/R4vi /A^ e/<x<?kc (^mj'-f -//k curMt^ are iiearlj s+raiflW


-

(jpToyi><^ H •o k<*> (aw) aiic^ if f^^^y ^^c( oC'' are 1^^ an<^ic3 »>cdf
mS ^
T^miMi -r-:— 2^

fE. I^^Y Vii.kt>v»):^£. r.Jtr?n^JL|£^ jfW-/atott« J"f/t^^

as A qrct/j-liu'i! re(<3t1lt?ri h'i-^^^rt.'n. tketTr:xiiA.iJi t-f e(*5fii<jt,|v:

vujbfojr^ cxtcxtrs a:(as-fre^ c j ^"3 iC-C lin. per ^'p mck ^f mm-

Tu'MuY*^; e.<'.c and afirtaytldhi^ ^Ufxj^odUrn


tti:' xtarh^ir-)
''

^2=:^ ai:?£;u:i C,30 cr 30% (TAf brtc^diiw iahU nk/^^%


.

cv a peri on of Hie re, s it h) Tk c (ticni


[if I si^ti^ 5 /u^t^i
i
^

(.]U< 0.H <j0i\MH(jii (xi: tixblijjii cf O-htui // cr 5 % , wAt^*

inc^ an ex4rfm<f €t<?ti.a(:rfun cf fnrm W


ip ^6 % Th^it ,

fereoikivwj sfn^sscs mnc|e ^ygyu. JO 000 fo l56i)C0 lis, cr

tk^r^^tci at ruj^iikt^ a:n. dM-nMTi{;% of cnU 3 ^r/y iforfib

ii|(Litl ,^ceij,(, ific' yuhiccriua sire-^i, b^t-iuj abnif tSOddih.


pe^ :k^.iucL> Tiic cl^sjk iimd U t^itk^r tU d«fh%tdf in

ixyid ik^ mc'de of rtux^iiu-fcuthae ha\tc niM^t^k t-Hfluince^h

of prhr\%.% cf nemlsj aXi kUii^ frf m-ciierldj , acc<^m^f»'


v•a^ ike e^cnaoiiicw ofUuHik is fcunxa. a'so a c(tmiu«.fto»r
i^f y^Cdik wii4»5€ rciatL$^ amount IktIu ta'^e ofikt ii^ree
V'^€^'<kk Jw^zi-^r^aUA i%abd)xi. i~f>^-/: of Hit reUilw €-

Uu4taiiion (wiHiiu elasiic (tinii^. Tkut in'tm'thiTd ^x-


Ix
ax
i 4

$ m •!_„

I <

i^ § 207 i ,I_|
1 -
fi^r^.d'?'
=^rH

E
208

§ ^'^
§/^3 TENSION. IS,
b€Tiw\<ni in iKeioifc iA §l(jl, fhii Yelarti\i€ lo^eraXc^n-
iTac+i©n or decrease oj dicaneieT -^'i^o4: afC ^Le^aiwd
0^QCC02^ In Hie cas£ ofc&i^flron o^wJlwcrcl ^k^eeUik^

ike itLor^ duciile J^^iat as^wpuJtf iron a^iki sp^fsWj>

SO ^6^% ai ikt fx4ijcJiLre .

rf ar Dcl Cf duediU mciai as u<^ ffce j?re c€<3ftHq ^aWt d^, wt

/(j^. MODULI OF TEHACnX Tkci,n$iU shes, f^ ,

-fure a^rtsw^i 6»J^a oiKM }xuxi^'i^ wii( be de^^dtd few T ^W

hrnii fnoM ^1 c^iitd T^' T/^c rccJic erf T io T^ Is n^fi


{i-(^d ill practice hiJ di.p^nti'^ u^^u cLttiA^^siance^.

J>ui^ tr ii}4xd r^y a-Aa k<SL^ asedu^ncLi area ^ F, w^ /iav<


P^FTJor fke uHrnude or hreaki^Lq itrad 1
»

%IU
1*?6,
TENSION
RESaitNCE or A 5TB£TCHED Pf? ISM .
^
fi^, ^o:^

In tKii qrcxiiuiil 5lv£}ck*«v c?^ a btVsm^ -fitted ^t on^ exlreiWAy,

ike v^lite cf Use to^j^^U Wee^ at tHe ol^r necessarily dej>e«<is

on ^e eloni^afHui X ci eock i'ti--^.^ ^.| |W si^or&ntm^ accord

,.W to the Wioiia ^ ^ pi_ ^^^^ ^,^ j^^. ^^_ ,3^

vv^IVau tW slsjlji; UmiC, r IT v-^e J?We a. Wet^Vit (^ <m tie


4 IcoKjeS o] iii^ vm§ireickif«i jerUva itx^ then U^ve it'io-(neA^^a.u o{ oroar*

Bui fran^ ij[>)


P"^ FT" , W (see §| l8/f oW Kjl)

X-d
v.;|i^rc V i-i tKc <ioluTne of "!:[(<: brlstti . TKf ^iiait+L^ ^T*'C'\o^
y^cxk dtyin vtLZ'\rid^tkli^&x<iMi9 da^Tiz jnni'l a tabic Ivxh o-f+lif

i{n\e vTv vrfc'i.ii?.i'V;Q to Wml c^o.>TiC 4i'^^'^U b^^/s^s o4 ike sa'me iylq-

of -cue tke inanaU^ su.cHd-s O^^B , O-h'' Q" Kxxjia.ZOO ^qx


;
0-f

cUHic (fm»"i^^ bn OA^ . Tkt Tiitptaiueit^j o( jr^e (xtea OBC i***-

tW: ^iasftc Limn Itjfke )^>cnit o\ TubKt^f -for ^<xck vi?t+i(ULL sjri^
.

3l<li TEMSION. a.
I.e. 4!t€ vvoifk dene b>j ^kx s"Keis h oivottt {ctee cf a cvtbic tucii
rKYCUcjk ilife <!lU4a-&ce it ^ err intT^rfveiiV of elxnx^tff^on

4 ic cTv eTa>| of Q ^ v.'U tk — at boik bt.aVWiTia (fiwieni a f IKt is-

Snue P| — ^G , t,e. W ^ fi ,4'Kc wcAAkr dices tui reisrtditv itvilu'i

-fad: , 4fie ytvd+Ioi\ W koirTrKmic (se^* §§ 5"0 aa<i I Soy TkeofCtu-


ai^^j 4kt elastic ImH 110+ beVna |;dt4ed[ , fit^ cs<it/(Aii:>-H%

Hence a lc<3ui & *siMidi^\j aW^(ie(i otcaVions dlouiU Hw


tt'YLSicu x+wouU l^<uiu|>el(£d[ +Di>bk(Jt(bjt^taii\j bvj a ^atJ>or|- wi-
der Tveoclk , ¥vluJlk U VtffI Ye«*)i6H*(i UTxKi ijtc +eu.5iOU 15 lUft ^ &.

I^ ttt vy^laM & sCvik^ 4krc\tA akci<)ki -k before sirlkUwi

G.CK+K,)=iP.X, (.6)

i^7.SrRETCHiK6 OF A PRISM B\ ITS OWN Wam


In rkt #f av<inj IcKci
cofc«« Wrm
^ucii a^^nl'^^^a~bu•nl^\t<3(,ife
wei<ih*V •mu*'} b* 4iaK«n\ iv.\o a^t^xmi <t^wel(as +bal office +er
Vn\ua( (caA P, ; s€< fioj.103. At (ou) ilw j?nrm bsUwi,iwt(s
uutUix\>»e<i fccwdiiicn , (rf (b^ ^KaWecl bM+kc looujt TJ aitclii^
§J^7 .._ , TE-NSiON- li

I:a">vc^ % -fTom is

(See e<j. ^l) S 1C||); «bte< P» «v Fyx is-J-U Uac( KaiviSiu*^ iiL|;?<;i»ik«

cvo$^ $<MiXio^\ai:'<rka"l U<iaUi^. E(^u.<xt <iK%-fUr«|-i»^€ are was-

J,t.^ A r-tke aivounH c^ue4o R-^ bUa an e>-'ievtsun ^a<IucA liA-(f l^^

Own v»/fi<fiWwc'kW j{>r«c(a«e liajui <diie U^cr ^wbfet^vl^^


i'l% a fori, 60 Inc) t i lai' es 4- <^l Kc c( ^ ^or iraax ( cw of f^ t p t ^e , a^'ii5(

h?.f. yeja-iive eiouqo.ti&^ v~a)\ r ({k ^Se^ e^.O)J; '^^^'^'^^'•^ V(xyiQiU,

,].a3r iiowUre 0xdieedl a sa|^^, mU^*- 6'*T'-v Ef {^§ /^/ ariJ l(j//).

New tH '-^tfiarievt '«/<s»Ue i)| "Hve fo-ii^ ^A tcJjc^ b\j (n$J5eti.t"iii^

t^-Ojy i"S see-Kvio fc^ <M iU a^ijj<:r te^id wWe % ^l. T^^ /^'»'-

|>eY cv(?«^ 8 e civ on Fj I'^v'o.GWealcaal P^ ^ is ika.s 'j^i>uHci.

IfS. SOLID OF UNIFORM STRENTH iW TENSION.


or hm3^ feiii, ^.f
M^^l^lyv^^f^ reciter iai ^ut^JpoYtiii^'vis d>^h

.VL^HJliL"^ ^I!:4.
ivHnnt^l (o^^a^ j^ . Let If ii^ et^ftUd (9-^ rev 6 (u-

(ovv^r ex.TV-€mVW jb^o^f^ ti^ sct-fd ld<tii F T^ evervj Klint^tci el-

a-fR==FT' .
iO
in wfeicA. {X dthoii^ M\£ w<^<3^f ofrte ji^orH^ac of ffu -scitd. Ixlowp.

CO one((/y),' i.e. .
^ y;it v

ciuc( i>€<xYtuj:j4)u same xaiiot'o V* (cd elcu^Kc Uniit"), a-s T'oior^

U^ij.TEHSlLE STRESSES INDUCED BH TEMPFf?-


AT0RE. r-f -fi^e -^wvo etxdts: oj abri^'m. ave iwtnovaWl^ fijc€^,wien

hcpoTkoivoul Iv'flv.c |o^it vi^Htm^i^eva-Uar^^ (yvdHin eia^iic tmiQ, If


fcY <x ri'i^? OY foiK oj l^ Fakv. (or CW.}oc iAntf cf l^na"//* of ikf

ameuut X ^-'^i^rtO 'iurtvujike givfu jtxK of fem|?erai«A»e if

cit< <v<( wu^ free. Hen<i.e i/ "fii » (^on^ra^iion is js>rfv^tt^*^<^

bu |ii<hi<*^ \>oii\ VILA'S , -f fv-e r<5di ^ufi fc< u-ac^t aTt-v-tlor*. P, t^uftl
in va/ut to+rv* fpvc.^ wkick wcnia h^ y^ce^so-iu f» f;>o<liu^e {\ie ?.i<m-
,

im TENSiON. 20

ojmpress/on'of short blocks .

JiOO. SHORT AND LONC COLUMNS. Inaj^riim inienjiow,

-tie^ trf al>|>lkc«t44«n "Hie joair of €ic+cntft.t (orC4?$ (rr^xlufiUc {kt tbii-
^f

"Hie eicreynfli/ fo^cetjj anaH< j^nsm v?iia>/ tc ^^atv>j ctvvatt wi^«*«t

vCfioiina "Hu^ sJoftrii^Kf. Buf i^ fit twe oiterual (t^fct^ axe dUiefit-

l»j ^)u>W, (i^f tmU^s n<^nfe4r*<A« jbolH'^ ^f /«t«Tat tk^jj^nrt are broyidlftv

Weuct -fte </ff"(-(«ieTiou fcrfween sWrf blocks diwi (otu ^fu'm)!!.

»eciw>H -f/i< WtfdfS iroj^c^ /jchty oi^tii -Hiree orfflu.Tiimcs a^fcn^ ot*

i(3/. NOTAT/ON FOR COMPl?£SSiO/V- Sx| u«ixj andhar


sutacribt, we Ivw/e
f
or ctnL^jression

Moo(w.(u8 o-f Elcj,iidf\^ ~ £^ ;

wkilt we Y»iAv WY{(-c

C ^ir ikt Modular of CrtAj^kiYiQ

C- for )i » cf sajt conijireszvKn , Mxd

For fiu dbjpluft anrf Yeto.'fut dkoyf^mnq i^n leuqlt we maijalal.


,4/30 |W at)Nv1 bioci\

?.^U't |#:'fc id eiasiie. Itmi' a.)


S<^fe eo-;rb:}s^.au^i foYcf' '-^
FC .
J
50..?. REMARKS ON CRUSHiUa^ /t.t m §|?,? fcrdm^ik
arrets, t^o jtr aoomptc^jVve ^tresi Vyi?i\Vi,v^' |,'ri?Yie' Vi^ d^kecfetlfYj^ *!mi

i!i^: iilx^t bior^k, 1^ behiQ tfie a*yi\|i>e"i?jwrn J3<^t sa-^ii A}'a?ai«f fraA^'-

'ikch^ hUces axe jorud oui |y«?"in.H(u ^W*^'^. Hcn^ € fk i;i,e<:.ev;t4J^

ma.ki!^a i-kf blcsck ih-vef c-r |vx/.,y tuiucij as-, l^'i^a tV'^Ht/tde, ^Ijice oik-
:.f

<^ 1 •filial ikt |fu;ftDVL t)U tk^ ctid'^ vvouU <!i(Uu'4e "itc 3lec4+oi.Uwa

bxlcjixuj ^ Uferali^ , reuembil-uq bU^^xe ^6(iw touttihai (U "Hits res-

unisU'v^ , m ik^- ^''-^H o| 'V^T*'U.<jk"t iro^ (Uvi sWl . Pot eacii ^f H«


3a'»ue \y\H(xii> (XmA j^r c^^X i\ov. W 'rs aUc -t&u,'«,e( ^lidt |i^~- Ej

EXAMPLES IHTlHS\OH ilC0t^PRB5SldH.


203. TA3L£S FOR TENSION AHD CQNIPP.B^SIOU.
TK< T»«.Kvcl Tvunifeers of ike j~oilci>tti.n<iiixtU art Tob&iak«n4S
^S03 EXAMPLES mlEnSlOH^C'OMPR£.5&. U
to
8. >
I*

m
ri o

O
o
o CI

^s^ r> C> Ao


r
O,
C> N>
C ^ ^
o c>
t:^ o o t> 1
S
E~
c> 2^ c> 6 o (A
<p

i H
m
m
CO
O r^ C> O O^
O C^ t In o
O g ^^O C:. 2:
C^

Or
C> .
^^
C>
C3K *-^
O Oo
C*>
O C>
^
o ^ ir
c> 4
o ^ O
S <^
c:> -3^
<b O ^^ ^ C,
o o c> o oo

(The Qtojf^c awd deaUh t>f tt« )?ve^e^li w^rk aJ-N^ili: ofixolHi-

u\Q lucre . F-ar ahu^i^da.vc\ dttdJii o^ike ve^uWi o^f^e ^^itote iw-

fhc receiCt works »| Piroi(s.TKu.rstDn, Buvf,L4iVicXja.n<i^aflQ


An<^i'u*r coUunti mvofi^ liav« l^en (tMed Qivlna Hu Modulus
o^ fie5tllieiic€ i-n eacK <<?«€ ,
yt-^. ; ^ £*'T*(wiiltk also = -X^Jj
— —

Ftj
,
ri^;;
I , And

I
^ .jVf.
-:—"-
Kjincn In \itmi\A-i
^ —?—^>6v-
'-^^

S'^uwi-t mcH
^3

m
O o o o
^ O o P ft

B^ o o o
o h ILi
o o -
o o o
o o
l
O o ic .i.._J (^•>>

CO •^"-
o o
o
6 Ci t> o
o
7; '
m m
D o o o ^
^::^. r-v </)

D o o o m u)
O o o
p
o
o
^ O
o o c.

^•>^ 04
U^ a-
f-.

c o 'C-

o
6
Sop
p
a o
o ^
-^
1

r
o.
o a c a
5^ o o o
o c o
i

J -^JJiOOO,
yj^^^ -ll^LiOCO (U.po ir^.uv
MO^ EX A MPLES^^lKXEJmJk COMPRESS, Z±

E^votngt 2. Tu%iiU inf t,\(s.\i(yt o| '4W^ Sieei^' f-Drtk

•llvj -3. .21 fi. U>M^ a\vd 5..0a iu.X LlO'iu. tnut."ii(m< A+ifu ek-r

ib. p«.t ^^^U\.cfv. ^^<?<5tl\fikt ^Am^. result -['(,¥ E^ WPiili toujpdUv

^iKxxi "Hvc wtuU work «;<^ev.(ieiU 5j'Ktickwc| "tfetkeeiailiclhtii i1^^

-q {j^WiA, '^^.0000120 J (C^xd, %.caU') From §IM> v<e Uv€, &f|ore^s-

•i!i^-- i^lv-Ji »

t1-5 middlt Yc«i upoA ^Vpne tne.'f^ii, T-^.quived iae Wiiott^d^^^ \i^(L\i\^

il s fi HiU< 6" . M. ovY 1 6 WQ ruust 0. vvj T ooAki IT on roi U , 5 aV putt*


f;i vfvl.tr, <xU>j ai iH ujij-jec «vicl/fD .Weak w'lik Ik om\ w«\c^Wi ?
t

3J^0k £MM-EiES \HTMki^A^JlB3A^^. ^l.


Ei-ygtiTipty 6. Ot)£ voiiss^;/ ^1 au ar^k-ttv^Ptc^^^cs in ^teUillj>^^'

W^tll a f oree of ^Q toK-^^tit \q\vA MhW^, aiu./W'^ of ^^^f-fed;

ioar. FACTOR OF 3AfET\: Wk^u.a^ luH^^ tA'^.t


pf $W,
tK? viiwe o| tic ^r^^i a'i ii« 4aw^U Ui^ti-U ^fym u,^^JteY^^^

r^v dou£ ^-f? 5/uti((!^ nol bt it^^ihau 10 ^


i.^v C -~ C '^"tj
5
(fee E-/.^

206.^ PRACTICALNOTES- If s^c^i <L%ao^^^d in^ej^^^-

1 Afi^u-^kt Invi udk we've $iralfted ^VtsuktoJbl^ b-c-joVv^ ftc cUsllc im-

Wiuu artiales 9| c^t^t itou ot^ W^W^i^iUv cxuie of acYx andsui-

' <
(,
p ett j ,D f weidJ u<]* B el »^ iHoal<&«t bit^ ii I ^ u^tUi, •M^ki^i.U. Mil

By l^iicyu.^ il'nvdi'J^ vv^ lA^n tiers W-ci "Hi^ jA^ci^ ^'e-ce^vlW^tltstov'-

YTva« U. c^vtsicic'fabK^ W«low I (^C*y C.1 t/vc Hvar.oev ol tkf^•e-Hti^li.*i1»«c^-

•-'v•5arv cl biv;Ju^:.e Tii^'^ture b^lnfl <icb(iiA,i^,>it bci'fi&uH^e nxiA'^c <?fv«iy^"

ro\ e?<-<xrApu, lU'll^e c^-Jv: o{- PkcievM^ i-?ou \vite\v^U>\. tup ,''>-»

i^ i > pVi*^du-6^.«i h\i i^u.'viiu^ flit 'j.he.'b'* 't'D vct«u frDU'v *to ^;2,2oO ti?.
(

§S q6 EXAMPLES -
W TEM3, kCChAPR^cS^^ i

fj^TirCiiii were *K<ui« <vi*d( ike ^^tMjf^'^ lUracL^it^^ db-t5Utv^^ji3'4«^« ^

twee>L-(i« Unaii^ qhrn^ WW ^^^t i^|y^? tfe 'daedal (ft^»f


Butts M^i^cridU ^^ faM^c^fitf)
( ^"^^ n^^^ ttn^^M moo Tcmlai
[frtaa 3^ 2£^ Con? j^- fe 3^-8^0 "H-'f^i^jr.

I ^> 3X5^ Tens. iaS$CCO v

2(^J,
RIVETS T/ie aw^jo-Ut cU^iotiirji^li: .<i^ ^^a^
iH iU cijeTpvettU t>f a h&d^ U ^}?<4i«tt^ "b l?e prN*ii:i ^^r \\\ tb case
% ^07 SHEA8)fslQ X-^
The let^vin^ or sKearinG <Jul <rf llie- "bart of tKe j^lale Ijefweff^

J or economy «f moterial tKe seaw ovjom£ «'hoa\(5 Ije rjoi^-^ove

«^{ Uiisik "force eo the jdint l>t » Q-> £«icK ri'vct Ace also ¥^\
2OS3 ^^exl,o5.A r„ eock of two of If* secf.i^S to a sUav a/
•^ ^,, hence for safeVy AjaiV,st tKearm^ of vWcts we wC
Alp or.£
^Qi^
row of rw.ls
f ^oiV-
i« H,e m««, Vlat«
..oj
Hv* Mct.^'n^I d,»<a 4yve-

Q=c^-2<i)tr' (r;

^4
•^Wnee
tut%-c'".^e.i uiu^^tis
N 4
fe <l^e ca.4.„,io,v^ »;ac ri.e rivet 1,,^
•*
,'.«.

^
f^;.e edge of N.e >i„f ., vtLr^ -.eK4lea U lifu^^^i
b.^.(]«tl, ferine cover- f>)are wei,KS-t },<,ve
^Q ^
• <mJL Ctci < ^ Q ^ <
If >ft Twetj don<* -:. iKcr Ules closely a Uy«p

5o^. SHEARING TD)ST(5RT)0-^. TUcU„3e,f4,^


wj» b«^ea%uT.d in IT- Treasure. TK;4 •r^^ular cU.,)e«-<i;flb-
.

^%g(?g .
^HEAfimg. p
its value i?€(«rt "siram, wl!Li«<uxJiIi^.a4^

TJi^ v<».(v».^
^f
E5 I*''
dU-^erai^^$til>4«^<s£5 r«'ml>si<!A^i^[d«-

iloifv o-H f kc bowuilna ^f ^


eknteuT ci>usldl6Ye<i5€Uft.^
jj lanes
In |i(^, i08, <| aualiiftT ^em^T wane ^^^<kt^<^ wifiiutit^ Wi«
IUt^j ^ho lAn atvi vtfiWvHs jsW^t dk ii^ wiit "Wift^c o^^n. ftnt,

y«ket% 4f.»fc*VU. «r e<rmi5«*mx< sireeses «i€ also ^r^ieivr 015 flu


some -Cct^es

j?Of S«£;ilt|f(e. STRESS IS ALWAYS OF THE SAME


INTENSITY OK THE FOUiE FACES OF Aft ELEMENT
(By ndtjKsii^'i's^nveascf per umi o^ gr^ ; {^<{ iftiJ foiLT ^Ws
Te-{^'y reii +» axe ^^e l^e^ j^^rndtcickDr 4i>4i« Jsajjex bi +ia,-26^,^€
ske<xrv>ui -stress t^h^i^ jkuoiiti fo -fii€ j;jOLJ?<jr.)

Ltt" etc aiid 3z. be i:V^ wlfltk a»(^ keldfei c^^llte elemenf

W>«T , L-t~i +ti. infcx^il^j ot\^^ %\^\' t« tie Tia{it dawd fiti

W =i^^ t(^oa bw flte "t&p |(3ure :=r t TKtn |oYifve ele^etif <xs
gt ret ijo(i>j, "fo-kincj mewjeft^s ato^ct 4Jied)cW b€YJDe'K(ivc*»'Ur
I
U jpajjcr ,vy€ kave
JiL2i ^REAKIM. M
£v2n 1 1- mere w^e aUo 4^$^lmi5 ^ a>^i frrcsst djis) oh cut or-U-Si

^bdrj r.| ioja&ir4Wf ;i%crte^cj4^ xiio^ci d:wfc*kW Wcsnce (^«Y-f<H!i«

iVlateriai r ^ss r , &


i.e.^SaifJttdii teiasiiliiwj (mjbfftre)]

irmlt

arc in U34.J3«rt^.J.-tu >.1>«-Si^^i«- tijs.sjj.ia.

W-iRatsitre

Son sw qooo QOD JC €06


HaW ^«£i ^.0d32 /j5.om qo&^O
Casi Iron ^.^i>^"i 1 0^ Ci^O 15000 20 000
Wrs'i Iran ^.C^22 q om om 10 ooc so coo
Brass ^ii'ocua
^lass .

iSOCi
u iooc
j«fi^5ii,aic»gf 500
fikelj U 1200
.—»

OS mucii oa 5£5 >wcei4r Ivt jjHXfKcaiirr ea.5.€^ 4uiei>\dLtwiii< -Hue

i^\

P^Siirtl
§212 :SHEAmHa^ .,. .^.3^

fit rod. is tii."^*imon -v¥i4y^f4l><^ <i;^^

b^j Pri^t. BAtrr* Takni^ <ut f|€;fe^i4«i ^e^*^ ^'J^ f^ ^4' *'H

under snhresi^ ^ItZle "ticrhoa^^^r-ei'ike feitf dit«i&?usi CiDnirsxi^

for , -kkiiva CA =:-u»iK ^ AE^ io^ Ai>-AI^^4E' Er , N^ir^

jE^^)^ Ju^U^^o^wlWi^i^'ceritt^ sir^sse^ ^eit^iufi tte eft

jttUHfil tJiiii ^u+e^^Slt1Ttl^t ratio m;e was r:^^^^^


§:^f2 S HEARIMQ 5!

( ^) ^ jKen F , ^U ouU \>e I 5 OCX) COO Tc IT^iX^ C>0 O wUdr

2i3. EXAMPLES mpHFABW^.


^^rd <i^au%st tke sK^-Cfno^ (jf-f ^
olono fti e gTna>n: ^ <rf tke* tor-
tie 11 oj a
ctb ,
v\/oo4.en He-^^ ^%t -^orce x
T>€it%g^ == ioaS. A
ar\3 t^e "wixi tk <?| the t*e — 4- '^^f^^ipt - ""CTsiW <x vaWe oj"

p ^ jQO Tlss, "^e-r so. jnckj ««£ ^ WS' ^ J^OOC co^ Ii^\
i ^xaitib U -21 . A -i- in- fiir^ of w^unaKt iroti/tn m^\<^U

lJtea.T ^sec Kq.2CSj Jtas au ^itiviuait sk«<!b'm<j ^hr&njdk

For sa^f^,J?u.Httt^ B'^M^a tmieoA of S^p^Eoo'iix

'At CfiK

M-^U^ ore ^ m*4Udk cuva -ik^ it^K^it ^tu on iU loini

~ incii r Iv'efs i?e s^fltceci civ cn^ row , birrf itw S r: ^000
.

1Z50 l^%.^.6CC% :zLSASi^^Ue^^ x^SJJ^i^nJm^, nk4i

i^i Wt ?

In . rti^as^yz^^^ iiki^^) Str^MSS ;^i<fti of J^iai^s -

side ^f joidj^ i| Q. r:: 3i) £^00 Ufs. ? Thi <?f


namW
rivefs -=: ? Here e^ck rvv^^t ^^iivxi^mbie, s^fi^oT aud Im^
tWie^re adiou^bU air^ntft^ a^xejo^ds S-lica^, Bi oLoabU
-ib^T ike, ia.|-e sl^-eiftatk df-e^^ rivet ^ 2FS ^52^ y?s.

Now 3£)D^0 43540 d^^.2 , sa^ q.C . Witk +(i£ nine meb
In o^c row tii« rt<k\jLcm s^tiioK of tfce insic(e jsUfe ^

H^nce rUn^ mets uv one row are suj^j^toiejir^.

C4ai?. H. Tors ion-


2IJ^. AUaiE OF T0R510N AND OF HELIX. Wbn
a cA|tiudrLc<3Lt tea%H or^|i43i|l b e4iLb jecied -U^iiwi^^hlic)
Or "ix^vtn'iTTitai aciiou, i-e* wttealf l^i^ie me-ctiR^ of fcoUinij

tcnvaiu^ eiraiokt audi -Hte eiesiiarfs oloua li ^ly^t-rtencc-vui


%Kes"$ (v^kev^t^ Umcuj be c<xlled ike ^^Uiu t^f itoiv^i^-p^J wlwk
ite i^ou..^ i^naijiall^ b^au^l tt> If os^uiut 4rka -Perm ijf Wi-
5 MP

R^.«i^ ^^'<$

..*"*A
fiZm TORSION 55
all^j riQlii auaU^J tiie amoani c] ci.U4orf(on. fc*Int[ o-Sii inn feci

vcxiial ,i^o in (»joVi3etu"tiv£4irciitsve»«e secitons, a)»c( "flic o^iieir

two I^Kae-hf 4^ iwo-eonsecuiive <uraxicKr (i\j/{)i^ers V¥f?i?s<;

com7no>\ ooci^ U ilial: o| ffte §liaff. £.0. in Fi<^.^l:2 we ho^yi


ail {Axsfraoteci ekaf^, wlui^ t^i Ficj.il ^ If fields ili€ iwo Cou-
pler (o|- e^ualTtvomen'tPa = ^bj ix eqiuubrVuTit. Tlie-se cck-

^Us 0.0+ \u jaarauel blaues bet jpoidiculctr ToTkt clxIs d| tlit-

i-n j-ta^ftwa^ ciii'ire^ Tialtf-analeii is noyv dUiorhd. Ivuo o-f lb an-

oks Kave Utn hureat€c( , ivuo dlmhuslied fctj ov aniPitiLt 5, <li€

(XUflU b«iv^6€n M^e Utu and aline ^ralU 1 to tite.a)cU. SttjoJ5o>-

-Hilt duiauce b^mcj e, axy otite^ e(emijd at a (it^faiice


2-
frwii

Tf now we draw OS' j^ardi/lel to OA^ tAe au<j/^ BOB^-n^


/s cAaeo( ike ^UG^LE OFTORSlQHjV'Aiiie S vxmkealU

Tixe /ie(v.^ au^(gj iite p>r7uer Uef ot trans vey-9£. pone ,t^ m
latier In a j^/ante -ia'>'^q<^n"t io+k'€. cglbdlc'r , ^ow "^r

tau (5 :=^(arc 6B') -f c ; i3ut arc BB^-t<^i .^encc^putiiHC^


<J |W4aH<5, ^^

2/5". SHEARINfi SrRESS ^N TH£ ELEMENTS.

tv.d( -sW^^^e^ ex€rfe<:)( ou t^i- b>j ck ue'tojtWs tn tk« four ^es

«lie[( in wKicl\ ike ^leiitei^t ia sitwaied . Con.'&Ueir ilie^c


HeiahboriKQ eie-jn^Hf^ outiUf d^yievC^ removed, Aut;/
0'( ati

"ite ^^ret^es but tw ore accoimfdWe ^dt ~tk«, <ii.s-


; iA.e (afiey

toriio'n ot ike e(^vneut AuoL so fioU li Iv. e^ uiUbviuw Ft<3. .

Zili skoyvs i/iU eleTuent'^^free". WtlVln +U eU^^iic (imii


%2I5 SHEARlNd 34

Wt«, "tA -ilMit yiK*aiules , Twt'*" h, ike slua!rirx:j -stress £)>t^ ^ace »f
twi tltmt»ti wbicll fofiti^ fitteirf of^xitaKt^vtTi?^ s^Un and vifkosedyk-

-(k* 'Wat diuor m\ ike -face b ti F^ dif UVm iie area «^^ |otf€.
2/6. TORSIONAL STREt(&TH. vv^at^ Tio^tcA^in^^-

Ha. il3 a>^[Mi[4x.rt UWti^k'+wt cMcbfes anic^Y^VitervvvriUlefl-

ttijtc^ Tttimi^tr ^ <iP^* :5


^-^ itivs^ art e>^o^eeL hu ot (in eltinveict; sd

4-piF = Pa;9r,Mfe.=.Pft (3)

esi: sIuayIm sK<«s tU WVi«maI coi^c wiu5e moment^


(Kiitotedl b^ ,

P^ U tAlUi ^k* M0MEMTOFT0RSI/)N, iie eitcsst. iniUcrm


fiV

%.^'-

.;>-*,«i-4%.»'
%2i6 SHEARiNd 35

I^ u^exx>^^^da^4i<i POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA of


tiiA ciMt »e<dic!n , a Ls cussed lu | L|i| •, e U iit rcJdoJi ctrsiaivt* o[

Tiie ourertuou eWmcrit^ Arid =: !K& ra.<^«ui joK ct ^ii^tular slic^fft,

•2l7. TORSIONAL STlfP^^bSS. lrv}:>roWemsm-


volvvna ft»€ oin^)e ©f tor sim^^ or deform oKon of rlje shd-fljyve
rieec( au €(^(1(1^1011 cctiiiecttna Fa a^xioc ,
v^'hidfi b cpfeniei ki
sub^4lMin<3 u\ c<j. (^1) -i|i€ value of b^ n\ e<j. (.^j^wUriefi

J2/S. TORStONAL RESILIENCE hi-L Wr^U^\^Uii-

ti iv\ w oictttYn-o^i eleiiien+$ . lUw |ta.il3 we hi^i^e Hit riafcf'-

twU'iedl ^:lfurou<xK 6m aiwjU o<i ea^li |ott(>. P "ctjlie csu-j^k inu5+W


moie 4t> ivic»eo4€ atftAife^tl^ Iram ^l 2€n> H<m^i \A+o iie valae Jl
caTTes tenia h 14 it> (x^ . i^x ms mofioit eaeh endL^tille einna (ie»-

crlbes a ^l^oce =*j- aoi« j smd 4ke mean Vfl^ttve oJ^Hu |jtte ~^I^
(s« §1]}. HeuceTke \N0^k ^Mm \ti4«(iiilnfl is

U.= i-?»Xi-a«,X2=|P,ak (5-)

Bv Utt ai<j[ of pr€cc(iiiic| fjJKaiimis /5] c«xn i^ wtl (fen.

Ij -for |j wi wtU^ S'' (_M5(!fttil« o-f «a4 ^-ii^aurUi^) vv£ Ure |ar

{kie rest Uc^icc of ike sJta^. ^^.i^p t

a| aire»^:ii»uj iU >ii.oiloii of otttMW^hu^ m^ts wfiDie wewijjii- u fi, we


I
%2i8 3H£ARmA 64

-2^. POLAR mmEMTijf mBRJih. For ^Ji^|f ofm^

\i%(Ltt I^ -J ^t^^-^tyi wiife 'j^rd ^(|3s^si« Jwf Jf-~^^,


% fcecna ft^ v!i«. 6^ fee siHfc4?«;^Tett"a?^^ a-i&ss-^Serl^

^^0. W)f^-C/RO^L^R SHAFTS, I^ lie cri^-s^^Wis

o^Uh'iaiti niv^sfiiMtiloti^ e^Stv^umd Lwa^ efv^ majw i>j{i«$€

ca^s, (See § /D2 1/ Tiiiim|»$£?n WT^^tI ^ith^l Htteo^y;ftb-

and Pa :=^t>^i3^ /(iwl^cui


«>f ^/C^) «^ %2l6^ p^ hem iktc^td-

TUt ^em^rih o^aTtttfrc^ s Wni^ $jxax% (m^ -loiaui at the

uni^nni^lNj ai*^ overcame ou^duiifcate Cl^ ^jif, j?reuuj6 $4- Ha

^ PcL 35^^b . (Pt flwi 6» +^e bearltfvG r<A^-HoKs li<u« no mow-


twTtttwvt "Hu o^u of fke sli/x|f^) Ijffte skix|f wUcg^ vt ni^^-
.^
^^'
<
\

V
\
S^^fc SAf£AR/r44. TOR^L^A/ -
51
gy,|ggW^e( tu "(wfs^t^^ tN. ^U^tf wkc5^ dsWt Cr-^itJTi^toxrttiW^Ha

How \ii 4iie S4ttiuLii.4^ M^i?^«^ -lie ji^ikwiWmcli ari-^

For -Hte ^|€f%i of -Ik sUff Pa iTutsf :=^ -^^4^ , ^om e^*<^3j,

CL»u<i wift I^ ^=~inr* a*ki e^^r ,vtt Itdire |iHai^ , d<j{¥tuA |or t

10 too Ur sW , aiid[ SOM for cAJ^^-irt^y^ . E4J.OJJ wU flien

^^i. /icrm<i/?/\p/iic T&sr«H& machine, rite j^rmcr

\n |i4. 2f 7, The 4e3+ Ucce t% ol a.«i'(itWAx(itlML|>c aw^ nre,

(ifcKnt. h ciTflJLiMxlbj dli?iria4&d more a^ tuore 4toitv He veHliwi,

pi^e lUs i-K "fa<,o^^ oi- mallm . ThU m^^rloiv o|- Ike pi?it<ii*[u)n
*9
^
^oa) value of

^
^ *
1 08« *^ " set

^*
Force b1«ne *^

$
,.^

r
§ 9.2X TORS i OK! J58

viol u7n etjU'O^'to tW^ ?^ ^-C l^^ni^^^ufjf*^ an4 iKis ^^Vcxl. <iis •

?T«>rF»eT»t (^, \ixrs%m ., (Xs me ^We Wjst;-^ five dTum m^d ha-

per move unier the |>etipnl |W^^<<^h av\ mi^k c^ucxi t Ui^a*?-

iihe Curve tH«5 T»w!B»4<^-i5rr -^^ ^x^^er, iy(-«*xi>ujre ^*«ki£H %t ^^'

siou:^£5 (rf 'frtc fer^^on , f*^, X? O shows H||>^Val ^^rveS

ii25. EAAMpieS )NTof?5)0K TUmed^k../


S<4<^ :>Wmny ^creucfii. ^' ^ <X5 i^K^h m § 2ii 1 ,^
is e>c-
*br^i^5^ \k^ ^yoyiX^% \^9 %€tujxrt Vn^iX 5 )i^nce lKes€^ two tc-

Cft-vijii^.^ wncvc ofTe <5\ ttui aW^v^fi values tc}T S 45 «-cse?l.

EXAMPLE I. 216. Witk ?..^


ff W,^a-3fh I

X s ^^ f^*;, a*^4 the -roAius d^ %t ^lioWcal sWft r -

5^»tH€K > ms sK^ft bekWj (jf


wro*t iron.

s«jr V it^^K wWtck IS <»> safe \f<x\u,t |<?v" <mv^ 'jeiVoas met -
%il35 TORSION^ 371

WAitJ^ .^ if il maUes 6*0 T^valulic^as ]>er pninute ? Let

ttumbev df unvts of w^rk W urut d{ hme o>a$ttlut^n<^ ond

'
H.R -^Z0m'%,60)<JiTr X 3 - 33^(30 = 5/^ H.P.

,ntf, TH.e srraihs mid* sa*tr»ti!i<Xi«.riw (jo^sTOia. fnja.

^/lis^ '^ovdi \?n^ ciiOid a.x3(i#*ireiu j^^


i?iii('sTil( sdL|e.)

£)Si^Bi
l^QD H. ana rmtte 6t) rey. |3<?r imnuf e, f^ |n<xictir«t>n

£)^mb(^ S*, In ^.?^mye ^» k - Z<\SO dfn.j^r $<|*uwe Iiic/ij


%le^iiX^ dr<2fit OK Due df tie-^ise^^Le.^ —.2^30 ih$. her

, St7ju(£!ir U in ike IsUti^ AC mil h^ ix^mxei a co^j;^tt%m


o| 2.0 St) its. ber^^iH. I-f a bkWsu.t|du^. Wd k^n
tiv'Cs?

€x|7o^€cf TRA Ki%^ a-io* otK^^ o^alt irif^u i(^ wiiit^H^t lo^e «{•

nor <i<?^^ csiiw v


,
, -.

aU &K ^^*^ yiiift i^ iMr($ b a Uu^ ^^ie^^ti^ilc^ or o|-<ymiWsr-

CHARJE.
FiejMtre £?t jtf^n£>^u«^^8U Prisma uW«r ter bekuuc-
^(ixr hr^A^ lu ®ne blasts -

-2-?^./^SSiiMPTMMS f)FTN-E a)f^MO« THEORY


OF FLEXURE. T/u'€ ii<u5Ty issfetf^e^ikje?tcuc4-f«^

ate fctft|>fetlv Ji^iovdn^d, c^ ^kmdf^^n^^ ^f ^i^WTimeic|-s^W


arc ait fotfcvtfs^r^or i}»bfTi% ctnj ^Tui\i^ tii^k vertdWt ch^sj

i^arcia ccc^i+rai st^rciJuslit Ojtb^vi^^*:


Th^ cxicnidl
(/.) (?T^j}lie/"/(?rAes ore ali ja^rknittaiarii}

tk£ au^ £)^ i4£ |jt^2c« audi (ie in. &vjt ^io^u^ ^ci )ii«^^ he,ooJM
Hit fijrce-jb/aiie 3 ikt jatte-j^am/t conial'ns Ae axis &{ iU ^im
d^d cuis eojth crns^ '^cticn cfii^rrm<^fri«*llv;

(fijTk^rt U a^siirfoLde w|ii^ t9 ^rciKci io 4ie. aicU ax<i(

iT>m^ |^<'ce-|)ldK^
jJc-TJ^tiPidiCc^clat mtdt &hn£^ wilck iiieelc-
-meiiis 6| H^ dolU e?ej?en€viee tio tension. Tior eem^v«Aa\©n
t^ aTK oujclai cllte^iioii^ ^s teUa called ii« W£tfTRAL
'
SURFACE; .

^
Uiiu| caty 4t HEUTRAL LIME or ELASTIC C(//?VE,
ii^ ttn^Ucf or ^€)cttre ^t fie jnece U so aliafcf ^fia^- ati ein-

menro^rv dllvl^ on , oU , i^ me iiett.fr(?Ll (liit woiv t« |?u^-

44^%Leaiv<tt are^ie Tcabeciive |i/El/T/?AL AX-


^AArfjki^

ES cl fhi ^ecUoiu, exj^ene-'uee eioxiiajions {(rr <«^>tfwLc-


nous^ aecc^<iiiu| ^« fitev are sifiattfli on. »^e st^ or ni

amouants arc |?irob^fl«>ia.(it^iMi«ir^UWe^ Acm ilit litw-

(7J TTie (/imcn^i ctts o^- TlIU crt^ ^teflon are ^mali c^w-
jjAnd' wtfk fiK, ki^tL c^tke hl^e;
[8) Tktre h VLO'sli^ar berpWtcwar'faiic ^rc« jjiUnt en
iVfetiuxt ^ar^ces jpferibcuciiaLiaf'ib™^*" pane

fi^.^n %1U To far. ^.^2. §§a26-«53


cf A
i::!i"«^.,

>t— %.
fc * ••
i^ I I* •

<V«^ A ^ /| All

* f

T-TF /•S
T I f

F;<^,^n

^^^'' F-. 223 ^ §23) ,

rT'
#•
iW
R^.52S' /

V ^'

J § 333,
f^l^.Z2$ § 3 33
§ 22 f TieX RE I' -f 2
In me local Uy v^^Vicrs an^ one at ftte exl^tnal forces t^

abV^iCA^ ,
]6QaX Presses are 4 coui^se m<?»uxe<l whscK (demand

226, ILLUSTRATIOK. Coi^s^ae.- Hie case of


\lexivfe sncvw\-v-ii» Fi^. 22 f. TKe exTernsU ^(^rcc<, Are fliv^e

Wstic curve, NA IS tK® newlr^^ axVs 4 S^*^ cyis^j-scctionoil

.;
4rawa <3tt the \ritcr;sect*oti lines* ^ clfier v%ft^4.S^lK8 Sids vias/

line . lo Cons {dcrln^ \k«. wW*!^ |3ris«n ^t-ee wQ^l%a^ I^E Sjs-
T<rrt

vy« 'K<jye
'^^ ^J ord
'[p =.
T m
"P 4~ T^
«^vL\1ir{ttm^ wVtcnce
a«4 -fvoivi
{r^sv*^

"S^C^o^. ak^ilto)
2^^
^

2= O'^l^l 5::Fl . Hence <?$veri "P w« m^av ieTerm^ne me


filne^ }wo externa! jcrceS , A reaclicii sacK o^ i& $5me- 7
tunes caded ct s«i>^^r{ib^ 'farce. I he dements atje^e

226. THE ELASTIC FORCES, d^meivel^l^


vn n<^. 2-21 sejpajraTed irJij iwo lao^rts ^>^^ on^ s^^
Tv-ans verse

ton S««H as <3,A ,and ike ]xjT[fc:Ti N OM, cc^nsldered as a.


frecbc% in ftj. 2 22. Of tKiS ^rce "b^aj tt^ sur|ac£^
QA8 ft ^wc» of &\e ladiAadm^ SuYfaces ^ t**!- w<a.& ot^^^tw^lly^H

iito^irwl ^£({g£& o^ IW U«<J%m m F»V ^^1 - Hence m fc*2^1


We wfli&t ]>ut tfi Bi^ d»CS5<t5 curtiivj <5y^ cdl iSie dF^j or ele-

AdAmS ^ tt^C Voa^ lUkferv Awoy ^>ain iKe "iiiidlT^ wWK iiifcffc,

onci cccor^iHij to fiLSS*tfn ^IioiftS (Sj >(^3 <3tv«| (ftj <^fi*^^

«f normal sTreises (^t<m*iw3n cr^ crrp\»r€^$ii>n3 "l?roWoifTio*«c4

^^ lUintval a*is.^ finijjf i>/ 46rriTv:| sive^^cc JMhriUi^i lo- tk ff>vf^


§ 226 FlEXj/RE. , 43_

Tiitse theses ^ caljtd ikt EXkSTlC fdkCtS ^f ik cm^


^eciio^ e%\2c^td a^^tht exittmal -P^re^i P^ ^nd Pz j j^^^' ^

i^^7- TH^ NEUTRAL ^XIS CONTAINS THE CEiT


TRE OF aRAVlTY OF Tf^/t, CROS^^SECTmi Fif2ZZ.
Lei C' - ikt diiiaYj^ o|4iie oul-etm^d ei^meri «|^ t4€ erc?.s- see-

are«3L ujjoa i^V be :::^^ t^^d1i€r Tensiou D^r compe^sicn. Tktn L

T/iis c^iWiiTii Is frwe lor iF\ k^niW n^cdivt z^s^ut- on

t'L^u^^^s J
one ab(j\f€^ lie oiW b^UN*^* tU "HaclWl ^\a|3u>2,

str^-^s^ tTa<lMXiu^4WeUuaaiior^aTe^i^« same. ^^»ovtd«^

Fgt I!us -We Di^di'j m (^lllhhim bixt 2.X^-0^^t3 ah^t-

/f ].aF ^di U|]ir. -fl;cr,lF£ -0 -- C^)

in wd'tck ^ ---.
dic.hxuc« of fjue centra o^ <n(XM\'^ of tIu c-ra^s-sec-

xWa 5 ine ^^'^ kaA.'« bee n "jn^tujei ;


(liea M^l^i) § 2 SJ *

Ik ^t^] nctilier |) 4 e nof F cah ae zero •*


. z tiia^i = 0;
i.e. iiW utUfeirai a;^H eo^tais.^ ikg (ieatra $| <|m^dv. Q.E,B'

22B, THE SHEAR. TW ^Hokl ^W% 0t .Imf^l^ iU^lia^


tn^tke CT5^$-gecii$?i UH,e sum e!|-ik.H€ftkisl^W^~ii^ &WtS£5^

Tii^"^ ts^'i'k^ skear GjH^-s lie a(.2^tme ^iim of "fie o^eTndi |&f-

lu-tt imbiifs fvoikiiid c^i^se^^tfia a^ m^-t 0^ iiWiftbrfisii ^fTifie see-

fen.
22^. THE MMSrr. Byik''ti^-mn^i^cj tUr^'',cruv^

s cresses <xr^reai aiou^-f ^n^ sK€^f W<iiu| He tef^ Wt'^ M fe»f^

tau ^u^iu^i cay MflmEi^i df mERxiA u. isiyro^

TitKWl a^i^ H^J -=^0j W€ futveiira

eoHiidefei , viitfi^sue oi-fke ela^'tc l^xCes at tSi^^ e?L|>oteci S^-

25^. STRENGTH IN FLEXURE, £^^.(5j is amUbU


§250 FLBKURE- AS
I%iL€ axact ^l tilt ferc^eut ciiA^^fer, \ij\ittz all H^t Citteyiud

ffcaT Hn i;oTti4^», ^W^^ts im. ouh ^txiltyi , a-^ QB rl % 212, arc c-

Thc&€ -iwcf <^i 0.^ ^r<ti{elvt.:i4»ikjik, n<?^ ^dn^' kit fk $aine Jbt,

4iA.rikir e^i/oit t^^i^t^ retSiijiiMd, ^ce$ tit jta, 212 ^}ii:L.: iL


sW-f Jpx-jv^ tkt, <gf"(f rnsA |efe€C ^
q aiwt P^^ ib^ e|iuWe«d ^

2SL FLBXmAL STIFFKESS. Tk ii,caW (iue^oreUiic


curve, ctfuioWWiA^ cn^Tci^ o|- <»^^ck 4)^ m tk« ^eisfems, vtos

luL JW^ <£i4mtij ^utfi masj W. lifrfia^ <2i*& loiWs , ^S oufui

-Htc Citier ftbre. But He r^t^rtiVt etcK^safion £ -A^ ^f

From ^j Ou raL(iias5 ot Cuyv^sikr^ 6iii Oe c<?mj?tae^(. E^iji^

lu^.
^

§2^1 FLELX^RE 44
To

lo «xi£|\ ds- <ii"ii3. -ig^f ^liirfmW^ j:^-om!^ <^-.s«sy*ed^P3€ {; 15 {i-

8 _ ct^^
03*4 fiencc |rsii6. w« We
€^. {^)

Kgmo^a%u?>c5 twjfi E (Htt(i I at€ -Hit sam« /IcepnsWf) ai4


WniV »|H^ e^^tle ewxir<. J^ i^^ma /7)ikea?4^Xm»5^^

nittsi fcettto/ff.
2^-2. RESILIEHCE OF FlEXU/?£. If fieeKfernal^^

|)oini^ el ojjbllmH^u movhs^ tkvdttak oerfeuH tiUWc^ du« ioi^^

rk^ ea^ 0^ imtt jfctdijUn iit« IxJh U aired iiiswW' Wbtenef^


jpendei tJU tke elis4ic rt^isicusc^ o| 4ie bci^ cui^ an ^^^ ^'

§§l^£,i
§333 ELA STIC CORVES.
ELASTIC CURyES.
^
233. CASE I. mKlZ£)HTAl PRISM/KTIC BEAW,
Si/PPDRTED AT BOTH ENDS, WITH A CENTRAL
LOAD. WEjei^T Of BEAM HE&IBCTZU. Fi^ZZA.
Flrti C07xs\(i^\nn fU wkoU team tWe^we -^an{ edclt re^c^^it

(?f
ffic ^erii«L OB TtrUfFx%JL'J:o C OS €m ^^In a^A-icjU W-
iiWt ttue "ikro«uflit xtsilteojtVs o|X^ To do ^^fus c*nttdi?^(ss

fcixiv fK e^uIUSnlum ore Ku cue exierTwii -force y^i^^ ^^*

tiic ?i€urhrut ojt m of "m , o^ <ot of is <>| r?l^^HenTS ^ikai' Jrm.\^

ucjHiiCj iii£ WHja. of oc ^ tie %Up.^ or oa^U t^tw€€Hl{tc'UK«^«wt-

EIX^-O-^^C
§2 55 EL /^STfCCUmES ^4^
vrffucfi eyuibU^ ca4c clefts mW ii%t (^n<dxD^^ C, vy4^S€ v^ue -mast

be flu ^o-'uie cd" o^-f^-^r oil bouii^ ef tii^ ciiS-u^-. Hence C=^<?

""'-TS EI

eow^iion
^ offk^
^
eid^^iitf carve OB U t3 ^i t ^^x
t-Ii = ^(^-i/)-.C3)
To c^mfcuic+kc ditledlm e{ •^m+k^ dalii tine ]oinlH«| A

U^tsj oi jifl. 125" eyte;>iJ^4oT!i« left c^ 0,iit« oy^^iW |o»e«5

of 1^ Uiier abiw J iiLus alfaiKfl ^e -tcmn oj et,0). Ftottl s^m-

yizoX Vtl^kOB 4kr^wA U.


oiou.'HKe veriical
;233,a. LOAD SUDDHNLY /APPLIED. f^.^^Jotvcs

Utcdl (XT -fli^. YtvUliU i)| rke beam a^Use€'n^T>W bro|toT'fioual

lAuhtid team^is suiiexl^ veieose^i -froratli^ fi'^ieiW.c^u*^


ll

1
^2=kr:' *S-^'^'f 1
ft36,
^

I
^ .

• i S

^?==^ ? -////////^^
<«..» 5)t.. ...>

33

% 5V0

S? i

^i^r<»m
AiArfYai-^ li lt % .
4 ' M t
SJ2?3a ELASTIC CURVES. ±^

=:t!«-^ bresssu^ bfiiwftCH Mks toad <a>idl tU bemn d^i\i£ iits^t»^o|

vvKvU lis kmiW (Tsvl filial kinttit €n^<iies a^t ijotit TioikUa.

i{\\) If itnm^edlitfiei^ U<ntts ox Miwori mcjlifln reackiiw 4k€ |?otnt

iiefc 3ap^€ ike dltt4w^ (ft w beatn ttnhaWrred . TdW b catiW

I^U^, andi <]LdLo<i.btt de^^i£kis>n* TU ^<>Ti( ioue b^ B*ebe(3iY»i.iU

Slnilii?j/^, (| m wei^i 4 ts ^lUcwti -fcM oniit midk^^

CAS€ir. HDR120NT71L PR1SiVlAT7C SEAM,


J23^.
SUPPORTED ATS^THENDS, BEARiNfi A SIMOLE
Et^CENTRlC LOAD. WEtfiHT OF BEAM NeaiECTED.
Fi^ 557. TU reod-Jon^ (^ of ^up^c^ft^T? and R,
>Hie [)ohiF$

art e<)^>iij -ftvH^ ^ o^m^l^^WA ii^ wu^lf bfiA

S (>iW)e =rO, wUe^ ]^ - Fl, ^(l-U) .


H o^^A p. villi

T/ve dAslic caryts OC omoI CB , +li^ouiC|li Kavrna a common


FLASTi€CURVE.&. 5D
iouAtteia ImQ cd (3^h«( k%vLce some ^IpJ^ ac^Jfani aionwwn
'xIul

ofdincd^ <*^ C, Wc debaya:kt ejiA^ww^ mul osrc l<r{i. Te'(&W4o


ttc s<xm€ orlch^ ftjui axe^, as ^tujwx luike ^coltc* Tke s/ftkdf
0, ot^ J OAfui rttff (rf* B, «*., ^ ar<L iMikKeiwTi eortcWsjifo Ih da-

BQUfiiTlOH Of Ofif. (Lm^woUW^ as ^n« ^foiHWx frfi4i«

$«45^i«rtt, W( conc^vr U« ciasjile -farcer |>idu.«niU €*tJ3o>«rf


tVL^hx^^as iTtL ike brt^^rflua brtctem, andt |wct Sl{wmi. a-

To ^lud C , wrifr ^ +kis e^jtia^-UK


-f
cr ikshchd'O^wlitn

(^)^ aixct (3) no v^w-* ^f x Ui© b< U4i^ <0 or > 1, , since

kaUhVlOH ores. ^1^.227. Uf^^freeUdvj c^-

"^^TAa -fn?^ww Bio a 5«^lt>nTiiaa(tf aivMVrK«t* ox 06. JS^noms)

(N.B In (^},a* i-nO), Eld'-i "^^"^ i* w^''^^**^ «4uai^A


ucaoCrive <{M<i'n+i'K| btcoase lt$fcl^e»?«»vil4U.M ?i«aa4ivc;|^
§334- FLEXURE. ELAST. CURVES i/
tat cuwe i*f eonCAv-'e U ^c ax^s JC in jirsi ^juach^nt of tlie

the co^ordttioTc oxesV


Trom (^t) We Vi«ve tri H>c ordinavy vaw ()C omti^derW/)

io <^etcYirnoe C ^ consider tkcrf. Itie Curves CB a^4 OC


Wve rt^e some ^lobe ^vj ^t" C? wl^ve ^- I
(^^-f ', }*i<rvie€

jstjit 5(^\. 5n mt r«^t-Vusiia^ -members of (^2) a*w.^ ojCcV)"^

(X{ C ^v^Kcve x=: i , ^otti curvet Kcive IKe same wniirKire^

>\€vue^ \y jDuUjng X =: I In tke -^^ koruJ rrie^nWrs of (.Sj <i^ (^X


oirui e({u<itmg results^ re cbmm C*** = — ^ Pl^, -.(63^ ^'

'-'^^EIy=:tPr>c.EI.^.-f?[l^^_|^]-^^ (6)
as rtic EQliATtON OF CB,B^.2il7. ^cvi; oc,/v5 stai anuR^
IcnovJn <rcn&Jantjtft -jipd wWK wrtU out (6) -^ 4»e ^wrnit 2

^»-
sin [^^ ~ 3Pin+^?.l'J.,,..<7)
^ 235. MAXIMUM ^j^fL£cV^oK^C/^SF]I;^f
ftj, 2 57„ TKe ordinate tj^ of Htc West l^oint is tiius f?^d:
Assuimn^ I >-j-l ^a^ Wi ^cc«.r tti{{i< OC
(Sitrvc H^^w^M

f'JT oL^ WTt+e in value A^ »ri


(^7} ^ Uvm^i i^u^t H ^ Pi -f Z, 1 <**^
§?3^ fl^gjXURE, EiASTiC CURVES. 6'2

wW. -*-y
^^ ^„, ]- v'tuJirO Now ..ut.--

lute this value 4 X »«C6),


<*^^* ot, f*^- (V) jfl^'^ ^^T^^y.lH^.^

236XASEm. HORIZOHTAL PRiSmTlCBEAM


SUPPORTED AT BOTH ENDS 4ND B^ARtUa A UNt-
FORMLY D/BrRfSrrEU tMD/4L0Nfi JTS syHOLt

Anot v^r-fiie wi^k+ , b« aiiii j^| (a^fk^ e|-+ia (odflihw ,•


fW -fitc

it/ad c<muivt^ ijoon (x^u cewjtfv x wia t« ^ WX, ^rU w ^koU W


^wi . By ^jxjft®^^ V^ Is c^sWf . fic^>2jB. From t^rmm^ipj

m.toW(e ^1' 4^t« yitsL^al (in* U lis i4>we$"^ Ui^i, a^^ ik* m^ejii

tortloK
^f
be^Ui mt4{n? tkikf ^|! ^nit n^« ^rees [toUHio iluvi pax-
fioTt tu G^tvlti^iflani oare -^ wi | i4« res^lkri at 8^ fit efosfic

laiffji' tcra^ am^ m

X (i7i«nt. ai©<^r '^uiiiTa/ ot^U oi m) :=:0 -fe^ ikl% \reB W^ , yv«


.^236 n-E%URE.ELA.^Tie CUR)IBS. 53

di}f-(ix caul K dri^ ~^0 ^^«^''« C^)?

^M ike. Cttrves isf Ccwe^ I cW lEj wWe iher-e were tu> cddwi-

ill*. rioTiJtou'Ui tb^?Wi A audi S, Vi^i^: O^^'^^^WIi^WvWj^ r:\wp

32* El "'^8^ El ^^

wli^t only ^/>jiK?rt- c4?Tt$is-fe in <ffi^; W ielua kiiil U (^vt^jf,

6^ P fij ttiAl e^^itifiTi, i4e reagiUn at Q m |i<|, -230. m% as-


sumes H^i the TH^, c[£|/ec:fi(rR i^cears |>€+wfm Aoni
?i25 7 FIEXU I? E. LU^^TiC CURVES, 54
ixUc po^e 4W ^|i€ (kp.ecil^fi oi bwwike iaii^eni ai U

238, CASEY. HdRUOHTMPRlSMPiVC BBA})fl


BEMilUa E&UALTERt^lNALLDAOS /IND Sl/PPORT-
£D SYMMETRICALLY AT TWO POINTS- Fi^.t^L
WeJ(^!if of beam iieA^cciW. Jnii^ ^rec^^c^ coj^ei; wc Hav^
mctd'e «s€ d| ike 4.p^voxinux4e -form Eld^M -fcl>c^ lu^^rf*^

Ht«, more e^^acl e^- f)Ye?^ ^tMi £1* -rp /see §^3/) -ftr\u\nm^

art ea5Ji -Vy -frofty. suwirlefry. CovtViieniM -/rc^ d^vti^utH^tk


pc^MA. e^VidlHij -from A fo ax^ ^et^tcat m J^^fw^n «jtet C
(fi(^, 232y lA/e fidi^^iP, by |juift\ui 2 (m^fl^^. abou+ tie^irai o^U^^

S/^FF LMDS m FLEXURE.


StiCrioM ei" aaSirsfi fcsawt fW.er a^jrea /oftcfnu v** liw^aiffo-

In wilt fill I IS i-nt *^Mor««j5f (J^ XneritV^/§^ir) (?^fk hhsmt


ff

W?e ol ii^4 •rno^t ciUU^if^cf ^ufer) ^illi»«' /roiu iii«t ii^tital


cl OiY ikt -forces oi^ffncj ch ilie tne ^od^ ot w\tkk Met seeiiotin

meicfs c-f-Ti^ -^^rces w!Uon b^ionc^ f^ s+rei^^e^ c-ltteseei'l^Ti,

/4^ aara/^M^oI re^^seni^i^ii (r^if!i£VAtfciC^ c^ M aieuaifee kea^m

"kcAt {)Tc(kuiiieft (^C3u£a7r(it>w3r iv senate it|mt^ ^ caiie) '^ron^ a horuon"


m ^t"^ |wsii Mow T\K Wo.in . If tte u|>|>er -ribr^* a^t^- W m)^-

Yice^vcY^i^ jor lib endeiik- {liid d (xt^tdhiL \^(m^U^O A <ih^

It \S okl^o ^idewir |rc?TA *|.ii) S^3/ ^iCf ii^ ttxAm o-j ctorv^LkcK'

EWr Dl^&RAM , aU fWlr^^^nlf^^ a MOMENT C(/We.

l5f<f{to%'\v'iie?< M -S^iy^ , Zf^jkal. iooLtoLU y«U^ R^ AAflt iiw^ n«w(


Eg, (2) ts otVcxAabie |cr ixniina A^^/ one ankncW" quanli-

t\ijV\lWlner it b€ d load ^
Sjxan cr seme one (Atmension «f

STf?ElVQ"TH» «^ »«t Wvik IKe. st»^n€-.5 cf iKe beam. I^

ck^bk^^\%A wt(( t^ ^.m-ii "io be uece^*5-»,7v im^ i\ Wins c<?i?ij?o^

i>(-{X'iklll Wife UUiini*^ %'i; -f/aH^^, T/i« jpiaf j/jji^t/ZoW'ey^r'yek-

THe SH-SAR IS THE RftST x^DEKIVATIVE


2J/4>.

^F THE ftl/:)MFNT, Fi^.JL2^3 C^h^^dkioci^ ofan^ «e<t-


Ttcvi, tgi€^3 uxM fxxxaiid fo f(i9 hmiii ^ -tram. OK ^jrilfrajr^ 0fu|hi)

C^-xskkr CL^
fc^^' '^^^"^"^^^^ ^'^^"^'^ c-f4i<'^. |>ea?^. lvu*iadtea pd-

luHftf koA ^omA^ boTiL^ J ^Dmi Ion, wix j 5| 'fei l^ac&n^,


(aii

wid-ck a^H4h ^^t?| 4^e ht-nm ik^$ some rkt^?maK- w tb;^ focr •:?.

rufmini> iiOi^i^' umr PuUi^ 2lfi^u>sn. a-ki^aWn fl"^) -C wt


.

But- ^-^M.ika Mtn^6^ o{ #,,, Uff h&%d s^eW , -^ rr M',

tor \H ^ Y&aai\t^ wit€^&dd^ i^ihL.--fi^ Tli4*3 broY«4U


§2^0 FLEXURB. SAFE WADS , 57

7~1uj sit^ar- X <i^a)tv ^cxifcsn Ue^i!;i deifznniyi^d c:im%<i&^

iw^ |V^ iU bcrUcH e| t€a>c iroTrt M^& sediiw


bedim, AH<^ :u4iffH^ 2- (verncd/ ccmbonenit^—C^
tc dl^ W
h\j

c^| t^

i*i.Hi»« ^ami ten^i, as Vx cs/cicfu^it.^. cimhiucaiLf i^k&j a^rt ilu^^^"

rive 15^ cf "sevise p'v't "siisfeai nef^r wtesi ikt u^^m h dill i^Ts^-

dU^U , Tl'tU 19 W«1~sfu)WH hj aiawjwj ai4^ al^m'^ , w/iose

^fiil^wxits ,3,1 <? Uid. ojt- veiif coi/w tent <3i kotixi^rchd <^h oMd «aii-

Ik +W$e ii^jurra-m^ ii.e 'mt7i^ei4' ^Wi7iaie.*«! are 3^ c# -c r* aw

tiue^iT i%u:k />{ t>«pe«| im slums ^ Wve^ ti^p^ f^mt^^ oi sc)xe


ctiitTr oixjt of fake, <?^ a iSoile ©| ;^7>^eiiY
f^*^^^
l^tliei'^ci^ cf

jaotLct . TK? %c£lU cnt willed, tU^ fcc^m i"^ dfa^n It'^oTsiom^ 4ef,

Z^L SAFE tC^'/id .4TTHE IVI/ODIE 6F A Pmm-


mt 3tAM SUPPORTED ATTHE EHnS. Fic^. 25^,

Wrfinia Ufke Wobcr doj^kc a^ ^i4&ryu^ -fotc^. TKc w^V^ki


WVHfljic B'Rft*. From wmwdi^^ , ay*<>mr Ww^jU C^?A' frri^

lite (^Hrtv M^ ^ fU.mown1 (sLfiijfa'm. Fram nit|>e4v8}B|+U

(/Vi m«c) =-. M„, = J; Pi a;


Aiplfi fcy jjut/tna ^ (vert ^ew^^cH^ -Cy^r t/ic At^ ioi^ n B
weliaw'f
J ^ ^

».e ^U^aif v4 (50usf<i3it <^\\d -4- ^ <xf<3w^«! tecfiou Ik^^ r\(^\A

ht\%ja -jWe, +Tom 5; (v<ff.e*m4^0 ,

wAxd^^Uit^ --^ <xf 8 (xmJl J ai n mutf i^ac^tnc^ il^^dmn^fm^

2^2. SAFE lO^D UNir^RMtY DISTRIBUTED


^10H(^ fii PRlShAATtC SEAM S(iPpC)f?TEP ,^T
THE ENDS, L€:efk€ iW^j^i^Hea^lv^t^^fU^^
.^^.^
^ t^ ...•••
"^
.

-1 .
*W"« wl ^. p P^ P.

F4'<t.23«
R, ^37
. % ^'^^
T-Mv.n:;T«:' sa-^e
o-f
fU. ktocf^x ii^^if )' Fu«ii3^. Front ^yi^me+r^,€cui/i r^o^
koH ^-^ wL F<?T \k(i iv^^ fcotij rt 6 w€ /wi^c^batttiiiq SJ

To ^(U^ ikz %\xtsL% TjcA n^ we y»a>/ elMet ^afx(v€ri

ii^ same at i^e^^rK. 71) -fiW +i/e 'maijt.M^ oi M^ ^ |?ui J=^^

a4^c e^uarRoH of ^aje loadhCa.

^\iiAi bccaiv. wli<r€ vve|iwi w iua^,IV1.

rf ajVcci-ioKUs^ cidY«^aii j^itcf wiili vertical |dc«^ vve^^U-


tr^ciuW od a\\u local h luii^ beam miti iku$ (jUvl^Hlve
i

lK<x%n ltiit> +W0 bdrU flu i>rf^«YU« o| J wmaU be iii^uie iitOll-


,

lite v^^ci l( U wen xM li^ ie^pf f^ vnUdi* . TU^ sicows wk^ iV


§54-a FLEXWRE/SAFE LOADS; 66 ^

ortiitwslfis %V' iKe 1w<5 halves c[ ftie- sh&ar dJo^mm^ Kave c\>^

EauATlOM FOR SAFE kOADiNlQ. 5^. 236. Given


tbfc iot34^ 'P , p 3,<Jna P^ ^wKise distances frorwr Itie yu^^t

i^)^Qrt% cire I ,!« 9^^''^\':i 1 reqiiur£J the e<^cco<tion "for scrfe

Co<^\ru<cuS' -furtctfcn of >C ^y^ts^vi evui fc end df tViC teain ,


\A/e

cou\a casMy -[md 1/L^ '\>^j m^loM^ ^M ~r- Ax :=. ^ i.e. ^

]or"Vl , ^ut \t» 1W trf^se^t Ca.se c^f iS^tacliecl XooAs^ J |4not2e-


vo uecd^^orAt/, oX a»n</ secHon a^ IKe teatvi^ StiU iHerC ts Some
one •seelicn wK^ye it cKcu^eS §4511^ i.€., k^x'isc^ Sui^evily
tltY<?uc^)a lite valu£ xer<^, oindlKiS w'Al \>e tKe sedtion of t^reatest

Wa ci^aal to THE REACr<ON AT O DIMiKilSHBD By


TViH Loads occt'Rpt?^c B^rvvtHA/ n ^^vd o. Th^r^-

Xl^ n uwen cai\|wif«vt belwten aJuiEj J"^T^

TI4U (oaf vaiue o| J Also :z:*f/i€ TtJ^tc^Un ^44e oiier suifccYtB. /^c-

sliiAf flf(i^ra.H 5. (i>i(jt '^jcf •fcroL^ufiWrn (^ijein 4/tc^$S^ ''f


t'fci ^^
!l
§^4 ^ FLEX URC.S AFE LOADS. tfT^

n?e?u ctiH/c incrc h uL^fAdde^ e-W^e In fiV sneaf ^li^^j^tie, Mence

! lis '

porKoii^ P.iiD W^tied iu h^am h mild hj ^fte [oah, (i?]iev edi^U&oi.

lite ^(obg. 0-f "ii^. )TiO)ti?uiieu3fve and tit^ m;dlme of lite '^^o^^ 4a-

c^twj 4t> ^ tt^(rkdu ai oii€ Drtl^ alha s^i^or!:^ willed €^€f klkc cmi^i

a^d 4\W tn« 'Vuomcn r cd eSier ^Jilmf


ibort h zer©^

for iU ts%<i iH|tor,^s4 we maw 'tit^^-fi^K :da:><i +Wf tk bv^w^^^^iuv

hW &^ua|>* 5T £^e£tai five tf^\^ s| ii^t suj^|;*0/t, Tht ammw' 4

cl-iite beam Ikk wluftii +ku ^^e^ti&niivu'U^i'iw bea\u


^>^V7^ HiimRiCM EMMPLE OF TH-E PRECED/j^^ AS-
n CLE .
Rq. 237. fiim ?^ ,

|^«i
Fi, Pa
J
I2
^
~7
eaiujii

'
+0 f
a>^d I3
~^^^*

=:
?

to
^

M;
^
^-"^^^

wlili,
t''^^

W. Value cj K'^d^
^244 Fi^F'MJK E,SA fT. LOADS. 62

fe)c|5T€'a* 0.11 foTo^ m4^)n0, wnife R'--^- (|on$ l^^r $<j.meh) a>\.jf Vu-

if.yj^yg-t aU t^l^ife. ^ Im ^^vii^ ^ ^feu . M(?vn gills ¥rS. hi:hi hMm^

any ^4ie<55 e^bre-i-sedi ix [(>$,,. oi4dk«i, Kf sff.iuelt b 5miu«ncdCL |/^^

Mafe;u|ik£. v\;b!€ bf:dvru -free , we hds/e fj«i>» moms. alK'*<t

1 he sneav anv'-^^Wvc belween ^*^^^^ t- '^ 3"^ 4" 3. 3 to^iSi

jOvfS

ti'H5TTient V, dt H^avjdi mdan^ HO ^[ree Was a vc>lue

rn ^

tot <^a/^t> bouiU^ lis ^--


§24S FLE-^CURti^SAF^ LOADS. 65_


(2)Tkt^<}L.U IcaA h j>vo|i«fKcnal 4uik s^uux^e oftke d(.i)?ili

(3)TH€ safe /oa<i U t«)^<5rfen+D"l^€ ielj^ii d tedius (i(Mfirv£(iit«

(If is KHder^jiW tJwtf HvesXi^^ ofliie seclicu axe fioni^feiii^ssJ a^dl

2U(>. CCMPAIiATlVE STIFFNESS CF RECTM&UUkR


Beams, T^yi^^iU (Ljl^ciion w^dexi^^ a'^an.m

iiievct A it«.4ma" et "Hie ^e/cltow diou-f rb vietutdl oij^h , m vjit^y M^

(•2.) T/ue sfj'toie^*^ ^i^ btt)|>c^1 i<^Mi hMii e*^W c^^ Hie hticikt fo'r .Wfes

bean^^ o|e^iiA( V«Uiu<> (|?|iij

^t/A n48LE OF MCmPiT^ OF INERTIA. Tk«e^

"HuL (ii-fifaue^ o^-iilii i^i^.Ufy^fi' jtbt^ front ii^^ duy-ts.

live s"Wtvis^'Hi \snr\n as Xt e /^i b evidteni- i4idi-(i§<ji«tTe b&ami i?^


^ja. El£MB^ ^ AFB LOADS 64

ifrS

.Section

-H

l^'J
:4l'^^ I \M

n 51
^12 &

24t UOmUT OF \HUiT\h OF I- 0t.4fr1S,8OX-fii«'

I
M.CU-, sW>^.3^i^.$^wm 5|<u€Jr% v^
'fitter ^*^cfcms lia. ^4ndk^ be'i^l'k^^,

€iSf um\i . 71^« I ^i-mi^ rtxm^ -^mu -^^^ ic aion^ IS' lutkat deA,
tr

^
,4*

^a-^8 flexure:. Safe Loads.


"be ewxmmed \<xter. For %c jsreSent llie )>o/t& areassuns-
ed to act logetKe v as a conhauoas inass For cxamlsle, Fi^, .

'f~'T\) shows a box-feiirder*', jorTiie<i of I'vw3'''^chomieis''' and


Wo -pla+es fiveteti logeiiier. If %t ax'is ol s^i-nmetry,">J',

,
ig^""(ji —f-q=q^ islo-te Konzontol '(t "becomes tli6 netjlwt

el ?

^^^.^^^
menttoned) otout line axis 5T Wrl>endiei^-
a^ '^^' iar To "ti-je web d5 Hie cKannel, Hen ti^e I

^^'^'^' nii)rnt-7i:t oj in^rtua of the axj?Tbii/7'


F* 54-n

H
ln(0 ;
^^
^ t-.^ iAnc^ i are tUe dJ^^lavKes ^^ven m rii< 24-9
4i exlend » b Vhc.. rnxi^dle oj pldte'). \v]iv]e 3/ and f ave'tK^^
ienfjfli and vvsdlK oj a. -nvet ,, t\-\5 |t»rY^i tr |yovn l-\t!ad. U
liectd ;; i.e., d'^cind t* are ttie dimetistonS of a rive I- holt,)
\ or exam me., a boK-c^Tyxler^^t^ -jorm-e^ 6\ iwc iVmcu
char.r»els c\"i-i«3 two ^aioies 10 'mcVies w/kle and 1 inck IVhcK^
Itve riv?!.. >ie]eS y^,, in. vv^ae and I %• ta. lon^V T?'v^1 B^

\lS'-'^ -^^cm l\ir pocket *r20ck v>ie jtnd "iHc4". lor iKc cHann^l

^ 194-S
Abo, Since ui Ihis m^a«Kt e ^'- 8*j inAes^ end 12000 IW
e^ so \tjch (cT 6 tijus '|3.ir ^:,\vv^ iS ftte Value -ferr 'R''
/'
3r..i:^Tseiii-

•st s^t Twmval sWss i^m^ne calev tfement 0^ any cTt)s$-$€c\jon)

~^ "
as
'i
rtt\- «^, 5Ti'- iX)X'y\v'c5.'v .a\i 5<ivK; bear a ir-axmn^n^i m(>rr\f^A.
F;^. a»0 wVt be f,»nri on >. 6S';»« Ihe text.

P
fi'.}, a^y, S a 6a

V i'^^^^

F^ 2^i*-S «. § 5?6'?

Un,l»<i4e<ii

e
Pi^..!:i^6 Fi^.R'/?
§ a^3
..^^fcl FLFXURE. SAFE LOADS. 66

ik (.Mavlnis site«it6 iktk Mefii'n.auiA WiTt^rueJi, will W amihtti.^

1^ -{^io. U^i"W"^=^l "tou:m|oin\l:V clkWljtcieii «)il^i£ CiX^^iie^,


o^iVt ^/muk^ bM -^^idkm^ i\D-f*^e WW*; buifi^xa XTA/ic^^^Pi^ih^

H..w«.-|^.«.'

vvlVh oM^e«r - - It uuTIhjIj M4?<CP iiil (/?h|-. (tad

^',Q-..y^'l :ri<f.^/-'5 iF^'.^a^/ ! 'K\j,i!3tj

D-.-jf^'-^'feri

'iJ^ii /
W^v*'^M!fc!M^^^'''^ri
(
^so FLEXUHL, safe: lcad^. 6/
om i.aKf'

*i>f4*J\| -fie ^r^QocHfj i?5a>(ey nniita e&b^eki/y t^ TtOTiye sto^IIj, ^Irj^jrp^^,

a>ki sTv-(f litss uvvi^'t sw (udui, s-f 4toe Mi'n<e b^.?n,

-|ud" '^ '^ict-? : w Weil's wtfti d4iv€iv (^^tdl ant-|ovvn[\^ Jt^inkWrk

26~/,R^dc. F^C/R VARlCi^S Mt^rERlAlS. TAtjVmW.^

$m^t^ 'hfi^'
I

Tilt rfc'ilt^t**^-* i&bU •::uve< air«ixu|fe voUuiOi -^or R^ R^^KYsm^'E

t^OM, e'ic4^€Ti^nav% tuf^^^^^j {3utii'S-^ii?6.-if^ 4ke^>j4e (U- EL.Wt^


^JU Pir;xlJRP. g.AF;:. Uaps. a
cv:^ flie ^^^ya uirajn. boin\Ac 4f!*v^'rt»\ ctnci C^^mb^es^tCt-ix

I
niiD€r 7;.0-3- ncn mc'i Iron Sk-vt

MiVf. -salt stress /6- COO


6000 ixieK?
/OO^ 12 000 io
110 00 ini/^
uoooo
ofirT^^ iV. oui«r %
fibre')

I] 000 JO 000

000
J/COOO 60 000 liQdOO
00

i J 00000c S^OOOCCC

avekiui eTcfeKaio^i. c| 7—^ (;| one i?er teni., wfeil<> lU oorwfjir^s-

rk T^LjcHve (Aav^€ ^^ i^r^ AWh) hum (iko dokhk. H^nca \ntm


CAsi hen b€A-jn4, oH<:^ '
tdWt^ aW bar itcsyr oljHosf- Gniimi) <^
jpUcccl b«j relief WVTmA£j|it-ir»n h&Xim, an ^xm,omu oj- mehriai
Was c'r|eeTd tw 'inixkHuj Hit Ciiikr-ftbit dh+fte cottibre<;s€c( 9t(i^

^•fe4W.-p.btt \H,i<iM<,i4*5.^ oMTijlii^ tH<*i)mbrmtmt jt.€-.^ % -^^,^hi

a e-^m^Testiir^ si fain d^**-hk. H^Hu^iOh <u A? i^u/ n» ^eW-

^M:,«.l favuMni*? a^v ^l>.!i<Aai{y CC-mlv^ iUlt) l^e^ OlmJ Mi/Hy ulit];i«k'^«
.

§ 2 5V FLEXU RE.SAFr Loads 6o_

Tfj^qrciX^ tanae 'jf ^fdii^ of H 4i^r"rtVW is d(ue t>ci chlw^f^^

^ifive AxcT "Hiit "Hve vavtous kii^os zrf irwo^ dilf^ wi<f« (^ iM^^i^iii,

^Xt ot fit bciUH ty^if r <8jWmit«if has mucli rodo wim 4i^ w:

of^ TcefijiOlCJoy i-Kli^if/ were -^hcuI^ onliJi su€ (umter/'SJjrU'C^^

iiii>Ui*^Du<s ^uekos Jet £(coy b Gains Ik hti-


axe tidu^dM 'fejceM

ay^ oave luuck ^VH^Kex vaWit e| f\ (yrcm 32 Od ic SjOO

ba\A<c«w. 4U4vvo ^tA^lwr^s

mor^ Of (e^s broken ^ cfacks, K)ifii$,e;fc., tlie mcWr v<!tlti£s tf

afain<ai, seiWferi |:^iec«, -frov* one-jocf 4c ^x-M lu (fncjiji

N.X» Ircu audi Skel Co. ik c<rtaipufttiaUe s^x-fe /ood^ "fe ffeif

(vviticli otre hia ii aiio cj^ m^tow wiCCTj TnitsT te s^ruare di|<Mii$i"

HmBRlCf^L EXAMPLES.
'

2SZ,

U btwt iKb a c^(>«l4jr arc wkasi roM,\ji '^MO f(.7iie jiia^ i/['

bev\a fua bei^i^ j^MolUl ^s t!i£ sUt Cri Ttie^^i&kMt , Hef aired 'f^* offijJ-

SOLUTION. F^§^230 diU23lmyyuxu^{e


JJS2 F LEXUi?E-^4f:E Ujao s- 70
For -t(*^ ttvuls [Htla and bc'tW (ylz,'~{kot'e. c^j^-'i'f^idbk m |
25"^/) we (i Ave e -^ 4)1.,^ -^>^00 ut. ocA,A E ^2S' 000 000

f - f m ^ ^ X^i"^^^^^^ -i-2^00 ^ 7 Biz. U}^

a^yovfe .b,j, t^^^^f/^'/^Xl'Tj tU^bers^.l'n^ §53^ sU^^ e^nm-


^W'Ace yrhtr<t ft-koriUn, OC -[{V^St/t^ bfni m clcWcuUt arc
EXAMPLE ^. A lio((cw <iyUivdfrleA{ Ofl-sf-ircH l>ik oirfti^

Uui -^0
kail o^ muei^^^^l /fe.^Jip^M miit7m«(i3(!€^tt3|^
±2.oA fLL^'^UkL SAt Jr L()AC)5. 21^

I
)i ?.!^ i..tcl-'<r( Kctk ,j pi() T uiiv:^ Co. {lis ca(«^Y^ (i /^ mch

;2d^^ ,*^ Stj^

'CS

w(^.-:^ii Ij r..^ hcclic^ , N -20 A lo-Ki^ ,


ree^DH^wo end ^ufjj^a^s,

i:j^<?^ b io cany ^a (o^ o^ \iOO tW. at f(<.€ uitddik ^


y*; (^Kirt(<

Ht-t brobcr dfet^i L From § ^;«)


'
7?'I , K' tii^ i->
*
V&r 11i>^ s^^lctn (5f
unit^^T*^ 0.60 tcns^'R'sr o.S'<5 Wkv

<s4 ]x| liie ton^irion ihat the f^qkclien shall 1)^ -sr J/^O ^f
the. ^p«n orlevjo-lii. "Wi $Kc>u^»i titen n«ve ^ro»>i § ?V0

''
600 ^ ^j^S
"g"! iCSm^ file incU c^nd &n ,w»rif,

E c: 1 ?0© ODD lU^ev sj.iiiclt^wVifcKr- 6oO tons >cv <.^

ineh ,j
AK<i I— j^ Ts'K^^ we hkve

EXAM Pii: 7. Pc«i*A<[V<!fa tUe levtjtk^f « wro'Ori?>i ]5ii>e s^l^-

Vernal 2.60 Jvi.,I1H^I H^e deflection w^^i^^'r "tl^


^}\^^*Sb.p '^'^^y

fiXAmpU 8. f/'j, a^i". TKc w/o^) IS 6 feet Ux^'h ^.'Kd.

**>^ forf 1li*€W ,


af CommoH. IritV work ("see % 73 «^ *^ ^0 ^^
"boTne l>v o« J* )>«a>vi W wliQSft <>uley ^»b>€S r»o ^>reorfe»' r-torrvia^

f^l^cSS IKfiit'^ 8 000 lljS, T>er 50 »Hck iS al1c?w<j4i)6. . J^Annm-

^5 in. (^1^5 wK/J« iKc^ics),^ wKtcV one i^V\«]^ ^at eJi©sci% m tl>«

rKc ^^^rv^fnt <jf


meyti/i ©(the l^*mch tcciw^ htiric ftoO bt<^ucid[.

'2ii3. SHPA-^iN-^q 5Tf?^SSi^S m SUs^FACF^ pARAIi.5^


To rHi^ Nfc'^JT r^.AL SURFACF. If cxV^^-s erf ^aavo^ (see
l^Kj. ''4*V6j f^ used Tg »iuf:]>0Yt e4.]«a,ii^th6 l'>o«a>c5|^ V>ein^ jrf^e k
f :<:s. 2Va 'co^S^ X-fc^e >.73 k^ 2a3 lo 55f>'

^J.'<3?

Fi'g. a^8 %iS%


H

F.55^? .5as3

X./ax

On un(i«y

-5,
F^. 5^5

^[••.'V o.*-**^
%S£% FLEXURE. 5 HEAR IMG. 73_
1V»i5t«^K %t l?ocivds are df €cu.ai lehp^ij (^no^A' sec FiQ .
^^7);

bin<:viton Ijemj no sfronoer lliavi tKe Same laoards iide Iw sic^e.

lj,\>owever, Ihey qv-e glMed to<^€fl^ei- )j'ik<i as ih tli6 -fonn^r


^tgMxve^-//i« tiiji^hi^ U bYei^cniecl and^H dctitciwn UvivlcJ) im%
ixriderWxe sanoe l^ r. Thai it^ iie cJ\nj)oiO\(>^ fceoin h biSi
<)^x^me< (x\U AlUe'i iiian4lie btl^ 0| ((>o&e boavc(i.s buf-t-fje tu^j-

/;| ivteA \A/i{.{ vuw kf, cl€'k:i'\iui(«i bv i(i^' iteuotl'fviee'bodu mftho^.

o^i
OK*/ Wciicn H\ Ol
6-f (X
jV'. d'P brUniocHc beam ^Iwliitv
fjlwliitv bw
b^vti" fom^
undUrtom^
undUr
xht,.

\'^X'iub^ alcM^ 'tke aitiev sm^v-Iojc^g, o| "Hoi Uife^r, Ld ^ke wv


&l^-___- FLEy^UFJE. 3H~EA(^m^_ 7^
W^M^ tUi2. e(i(?ax-iu(| t^rc6 cyx Urn u^U^^c suv-fcice h r^Xv^^^ix,
q" k^M ifve JH'U^-cuiaC wiJiii o-^-iU kcan ai ikh <^UiaHce.^''
j-t6'Vii ikz itetcW am o-j^ N7 atu!(-ta^es ck Udet wilt? fkd^-

.{^^,fj^c-a itiks tid^ -fekrs ^ "ixe dl^^it)ft(££ ^ ik.'?^^jdis.i| iiM*


ii| jd|- 'fei ,Md |wn fdS lii^imTiM^-/

"iiutCX "{usf f<Jt4Kj. . tit flu totv,;?.otvial seendfi wfecfi isci H:|^«^

SfiE:/v?i , ^V'llR T¥P VERTICAL CROSS fizCTimij Th,


lft!>
'^^^'
gWe<^ |)6rfi OH y iyii^ above ^ii^ (c(*du(i^A| iH^i<^&t(^h^ t/->^

X-i'.*^ - SV/^OS f
v^dlU JTaRci X ^1' (3ma5€ d^e -Hue, ^\t|v^ a§

For a^.o(t<y r<iemHau.((U ^'g^Iok ilka tt« (xbovcj ^ (^W z^


r

^^64 FL EX U R E . 3 he A R ^ N^ - •
76

\m\m^ ^\^[ii%ai{ a(A»|aec vv(ut< ii crosses |l^ vcriicftl secit^w ini^i^

c<?;u. (f<aiv. -Proii'. lf>ai <^xhj


((oT beUvv\

,56^c5:V^/\Li;eS 6F2^ FOR SPBCML FORMS OF ^

CROSS SECTION. Frout Hi^^ (o^lc^u^iioH H5h|?ld(ini^


dill 'ito?

fo+oJ 4(\ca\., aui hence ^o+lt^ avalW^ of f/ce 'sk'a^"^ d(i(Ujtram {

ob1:ij Uf J Ui fi<|5. 5 3>4 ~ i 37 hw<« ve U ,


ilwe ion ev) iciti ,
Ui U /c-

pYo^«.r T^(aito)ia belwc^n +1ie IcAdlluA and +(tg |t)r)Ti a^^ niAikflo^^ o|

i'li« b^'Wi +D secu^€ ^(t|ei\i auJAO^ftf '^ajji^tc bM jsi!€(3.n>u\.

Tju- kb(^ lu § 5/0 fH^ &A.|€ values whidk -lU yiujuy^miuin J2^ iu

iftot wdt; (8<?e fttjs. J238 ouic( ^<^) /tow^v^rjiddrt Z,q k (ikclv -io

For ot (?£-CTANaLE w« U^, f o,5^"*3, (s^ ef, 5"^ § 2§/f) \-\

For a S^ixlD CIRCULAR s^ciitn j^.^d"//

^
^'^ 11/^ x^r^£r 2^1^ 3 ^r^

a Ho L LO VV CIRCULAR sec^^toxx {'coi^,<ii^^)ytc cyrc]e<)


i-»»i. .\

-.1.1 -.»l.a 11-1,- J i ^•^ ^^-.™~-4~--V V<"^

^J
Fios,. 26"8r to 263 Tofaf€>.77 h% ^6% Yo 860

^^1

I '^IK
N A»

i...

§ 51A6 S ^6-7

i-Ai^L^^ U^ vM

I » **• •%
"3 g->5" FLEX URE. SXFARiNG. 22;

A\t.^)\|inf 1Ki5 "[orniula. to Exaivi|?lc 2 § 2.6 2 ^ vve firsl' K<^ve

3 X 2 ^ [2 5 6 ~ I
.Sb] C^ - 3-5) 6f--'

vwKicW Cast |ror» »6 ci^>tvn4amlj/ aWe To %v/i?n sIamcI in sKe^^nr^c^,


for a HOtl-OW RSCTAK<oUX-A^ 13FANA^ 5;^fv^»ai4Kte^i

COT'ii^fs) bu'i "tbcu b^ dcnofe^ He sunt o| iJi€ wUrflts <?f Hi^ /u'iltvw

256. SHMRJNfi STRESS (N THE WEB OF^NTBEAM.


[i Is u^^tr^^t ^* CoH.5,'idie( -iWf , wiih I- bean^^ (a^ box be<MM«'j wtKi "Hu

(lite (a.sl f«*m^bbisoM^'J«dl<> bcm^ 4<ik«H 0,-5 6)i«4eym of -Hte serte^

jV%iF) Wj^^d;r:-Fi-^<?- + F6i^^ (titc j^n+ it<m aj?j?rD)c.)wc

.•tialiii" Fe a,*- eo\HioAV«<i wi+ii ^Fi a.iu:( 6F, . Sicf' fci, /i^ is w auiea
I
.

eciij^ {?^ fitk SAicb t« 54 ill tnof€ n«?trt>j e^uuj -fo X^to^o (»«e e^.^

io !?c<|W€H +c4{ie vveb


«f 4/i* /6"^-ijici\ wroviaW-ir^n roKe^i beixmm

sK^^xrl^i^ ^t<«6S a« low OS ^000 lbs. bi^r gq, ii* .


( fllitf f>t«^t«£ of
ihe N*r. Sfeei ^Ifpn Co,);fk< web bein<| v«44Cai

iu^ €^K^i it) fusutl ^le load (q^c ^otU §i^*^) w« K^^ wt4>i t^--^

(Unih^ iMckaxid b^nM). Tke l^-inck /{*<}W bmm (yf


fi< HJ-d^

k^% a vvi^ y men -tiVtck , so as -fc ^mJie Ut^a. %hioj( doM^ tk vul-

iiT/. OESiaWING OP ftJVETIwaFO^ BUILT BEAMS.


Tkc ki<^4r (xr€<3ei*^'a«\i o| ii4 I-teai^H a^U box ^ws, m^dc bw

Tive-h^ "todisWitr Anii.iuWr (^ cdK^ivwictt^ 9K4^tVH^*^^f "Hue ma

ttv^ft^wrt, a ^'v^^tHcacl $.1ie.m jmw' ot web, loitr \u<i^le4v«^i&**^iigjl

ike dcAMbiUcdvou^-rO'Yv^^'^ a^luaU^iAtd b<Ai^% wliosc^a|<& lc4^ ^or

IHOiitw-t 0-^ i\<t:(\icKj lioyv€v*r»Tk« |3«t'H<»ii c^ <»fo->^ 2«j4Uu 6*^ olrf^^

ttt nv<;i bole^ iH*^«.i Vwdi. be Uciui^. (Tkts wrtl be UluAWWiw


01 \4uls'^€<j^u,«Ht jaa^xoraj^k). Tfe* *afe 1^ fwuti^i^ b<^m wmijjudkdi |nm
I
§M7 FLEXURE,SHEARim^ 7f

art taoAeA io cut lD4ri<i*f «$ n sttitfte e«»%4M>«Mi rtj^ "»iWfti. JHl

(i«dv>v "Hit th€«r CfitfV^ by ilte ti»<*^ e«nn»rt*H '^^ 3»4«|l€s i*U fk»-

tiv^KkH'i
pf
+kU sl»«dir wAJj |k etvn^MkfiW |r«**^Wf!^IM*l4iit ^
wkitk He Web |0tM iiclfiwi^/iH c*6t. #t i^^ &#i4jl -^m^i ^«tt «^

b« o| "Hit. «aiH3C a^-mot^tit M» hofi?l4>u^ai unit «4 }«i\^?H m Ifce veVfi*-

•fr^m S 26^ ^2*= !XL\ But iKe sK«armme vc^iia? sec-


h«n «f ttte we)) Wtn^ (^ri^&rm\y tiutviUaftd ts
^ ^
lie S<«me B«v

•w ftie vertttfo,! section of weV s::::


J^ iKc *^tcVl $Keav ^ Yined

v/€lr> Wi(!i the An^Us) in o,n^ leeaKry «{ a. W«)t Vcav^^ mu^ts^fjir'


W ^tLsfoLtn A shear e<jM^l t* X*r W«Y^t c'f w<?>\>^|5«r l^dtiz-

*pe? %^.iutfe'^iva<iiw4att€is* twilic vWfft (m*mk\ lY6r),fa\<i l26T)^lfe

^\4.^^k cem|?ve^9w< tefii^"^ lu-Ht«fti<<£ cf tU•fiv«•t-fuk,'ijieA|'-


i4^ ^W^ acetUu erf +(»« tlele bl4m'ifc& (wea oj^ re/fereur^.
J2IZ F LE^XURB^. $HE.A'Rim- ^^
dii^si&^M^i wiiiek $H<?u.Ij^ I?4 'taken iu\0 o^cuvd in c.o\i9\(ie^l)^
9\€^rW^
iki^vf it+^e>v:)ik ,wK<«A tsittat <^«4tVf€| >W»« cemtec^v^ik

^kt< Uv€>ri<jw«k 4^\!etMA»W wviKtk 4kM^H«^, vetiic^ all fliers in

Wit -^iifl. e4 T
fWn^ iv4^
'
«^ 4t>tie YWdedl u}^e?t ^^ifm Wer<jUi^[s<«

^^
3

tuck atvi^ bi^Hi). k^m A «*i^Ji^fi "H^t nviti^iw**^ ^astain -for ^ui*

MOOO -r-lC m. ::^S,OQO ifes. ' E<!iefc rivet, having «tc«ti0«Al

4iv«» <i«:irfimived'Hi*s)j«AWi^ o|'"Hte rivets 4tJ |#(Uw5;


2^06^ iU, ^SA70 i|iv€t 0.80 fld-tlu mwWr «! rmi^ }w
inck •^ kiwjiti #f fccant U. "tUi^ Hi^^f b< I 4- 0.80 ::::: 3.3 iH<(i«5

ff*w€y<r "-iU nvfH «kc*<wy ^idf b« s^e<i closer *H«in SJ "hijjfs


»

_§U^ FLEX URE. SHEARING. 8t


ivi Tvwo rows (XMA oj»|JOAtk (^iu)?airs) iko. safe slieama t<'^i3'Vanw

ota bait (eack h\ stitnU ^Ucat) is QOOO Lbs ., vvhiU f^ sA-jt <^m
j?maue V€KUWue« of Hi€ sldUs oi fli^'Hvo nvet Kei^s in 4fe^ on-
<j(« it<jw« Cf lit ^(xy^t, [jUte belivcj niueJa tkUker) b j^^
10(^^0 /b;
H€ViC€ +^ former f^ur^ ((jOCO) dUi<i«^ tn+o JlO0t> tW.,a)vf$
O.iA 0»Mit number of b<Ur^ of tivd* )3er iiuk- o^ («uaik oi-lkc
bo(X»H;u€., tite rivet* h^ o»i« row dliowU fe^ aj^aced S.o i'Mc)ffs

oib<%Yt 5 ceai-ve "It) <*€KtY« ».Ue<xv (X 5>uJ)j?oftj ^it€ biiervoil +6 he Jm ^


cv«^vee<3( nv i>\v^fs€ Tractio io He cusia>t«« ^xoynMi^ nudWie ^^

Ij 1ti€ (ooui IS conceniraW In '+{i« m'tdlxiU of •ili^6J7aw,h»^Ac<

(^<i fic^,JlsJ^)<XMd 4A* rlvcf«|>dc4itaiiiw^(3tdc<7rtAiu<^lij te^W^


4kcsanvi oi oU lo(XtU'H€d o|i^€ beAi)w
3PEClMLPK0eL£M$ FLEXURE. /N
/2^^5. DESiatliNa CR04S SECr^ON^ OF ^UliLT

Take jor IWoiws^cxbuirt I-bewn^ ]fvc^.iUl»jOite vtiriifial


scivi'i.
gWni-^Uk , -foiwv cutolt it.TiJH-5 (eA.eli »| s€ctt©uai nr^a =. A ^ rcwoat-
lu<jj a|W "ttie ikoU^ a,re jjuvtciieA, wiHi ex c|<aA/lhj (^ri^ [?<M^(xllel

-'
oji^ vvi<lHi t, a>K3( tkieknccl := t . Lef tit. v<lu>U <Uptk of <^lvr
diftt :r li ^}vii fKe diiixmei^ c^ a <*w€t W^ «^ t^. To ^et\j rcsUt
the leusU^ <v^tdl (it^mbre^stvc liDfcci^ lk<iac<(jt In +fu!) section bMflll^

tna+tc) v<t iiiUit h<u<< -from §53^. ^,^


M,„=^^ 0)
R' foY wroiA^kf UoH ^ laOOO tb^. bc^r ^(j.Ueli, e is :=: jk,
wlu(fe I ,+lie nioYiieKt ol tHtrtia, of Htc C4)inboioii ^<ic+ie)a,b ob-

cuiovd -^oU 6^ "Hve mcckrtoil. Jiidi«<Uiw!| witti^iese^sHoas a^iie


cUM^lc^ avid -fWjes, VA/e con^u^er "Hve»vL (vojiCeuftai-e<3( dct +iifir
^.^58\ npXUpF.aRmAL PROBLEMS. ^2
cfwiui o| rtYavi'k(<vti: A^.|)|^fr)c»^v<^4fr)i oj- c<?Kt»c) ancf ifr«<d f/tciv^

JdFz^ (see §86^). Th< ^^^hh(uif\xe mc^nerd^ o^ lM^4la for


V\t Tlvcf Kolfe iu"Hk wcfc ouct ^tvuiUri^( o^fJre^sc^.

now b< wriH+€K .^ .

Mi<fkicK is <xV(uUbU -^tJir com bull u<!) oa\^ o^t uu |<h onv it q^ntit^.
T\u <^uaH+'iU^? eancetf x«d^ in I art jjo wicymtch** o.k<jI i4i4y

i.KfXmjjU life besi +o cu^jusf iiii cliniiiuion^ of I'U^ secfion 4t»

of nve^^ need ivot Vdur \j


nutoAi Ivi cii^etvt coses, hoy tli«.. jiudt-

Iv ie/^ iiuxu ^ or iiM)re4i<x.iv -|-iti<Ji "Htickf Tke ti^vjie Co. fe-

HjKAfrtPLt: . ((Jnlh/iuekixudl pownA). Abuilf ttwi

t| A ii^ y^v^h a^i u^i2c(, an^U ttoaa 3" A3"X V , mii«^


«.i Wfi> -^^ iu ^^^^^(Tie^s , OLvwdl j^Uie^ iiH(^l\ +kVek |^r |(ai^-

«|e$> Kav^ y^iA* (t:r?)ixa^ "Htes^ ^n^€-|3(a|«ft hf f-ioiajji}

U -22 ti»th«6 ~ UWi Keia(v+ df ai relet*


§ 2S 8 FLbXUK&.3oitTBE7\MS. 81
v-i>a>^. iv/t joy \l>is case ti» g ^ I, XA'^ieve "W ^ u^t, tota.] ^i^-

1y»bufed loaA (melasma iKe weigW. <y( tlie girder 'JantJ Ir 5f)^rv.

Hence tKe Icjt h^n^ metntev o-f e^^* C?^} ^educ^s t©

_ ^6 \'^ /6 >< 12 000


Tiiftt iSjttie tola} V»"»om€nt o[ \neYt»a of ftiC Seclvovi ^^<x*rt Ti<' ;:-

|'^QC> "biaixoJ. mclies,. flrf vvmcU 1W web a^-icl oin^lt'-^ SMJ>j:.i>^' .:j,

Kvic?wn <xmount^ Since % ^^


J :>
** ^ ' .*>
"^ "^
r ?
'^^ ~' ^
t**

wKiIti \^t rerru3tm(^<?r tiiust be AArniskcd Ipy Hie f l^^n^es^ lV»us

'^^ Sflksl^^ Ci^^<^sf\ y o"f <^^^ avajle i>^i^ 1$ -found iKas ;

TKe -full secb'unal flireoL |oy llie s»ze ^iv€n =^ SX'J 'VS^X'^
- 2, 7^ 6^* iviches^fem vvViicK de^wctmjf "Hie two Yivet )iQUy

Ths vcOue a^ O.?0 f$ ^€uncl Vy cwllin^ out \he sM:it


c\ two cwycjle^ ^rom shfet jVc?vi ^ "thus: ( 'XZHT^'Z^Tck,
av\4 ^xxUv^ciif)^ \t ovv a knife ec^e. (/^^^
*" ^IH— ---
<jttp$ kft "b*! ftc rivet ooleS \y\ck>j We Unc^cdjV.
)

^
Vv^VHcjul Orecd/ error ^ m {inA'i*^^ (x\ H«vi<'e^$^W«!i4»T>a MA«h«v«

I^{o.wek.X.Lx2o'^2Xi'|rn]':C UZ.3

wlieue^ i) - >^.^ -^-/.^ -: 6 1 i)^c\xes.

\U -n^ixhe^ ioia-i vvUtk of €Ajch of iht i'' ffa^u^e l^bUo TW5


\y\\<\\\\ j:)e tVicre<xjie^ to 6-6'"'' $o a^ ^d e^^woU theuivild w»lil-k(?f-
vur| fhe Uo^t dlUwctbk Ihtckue^i? ^{ web nv oYcle^ {o
{3^. k^^^'^jjfe

e*Wvhur| stress <sjs Itm ouS J^OOO tk. b^r^, iHcKj

TUiS girder wUi n^^i^f vev'tioti si\<^en<yrs iie(?.r H'it^- ^:vui*,a^

a livj , B w^l I beaii li 0/ doicb U we* bs , <? r ttox --fo^w ,


{$ ee -^iCi , .2 6 ) do

25q. SET OF ()/{0^ik(k LOADS. When alecomoHvc


i:'ai5«ve<3 c^z-g^ a number of ^d.'<attei bns^^^d'(ic qird^t^ , eack oitc ot'

'.N li I ek fe> be? We^fj certain dei <xciied ^t €/?i $uTes 6ot r^'-s b<5 vvAi nct tr

te^i^iU^^ n^flk^ ntoiHent, M|^^ , a^td +ke i'not')c. sIko-t T^^^ , for 4^3
Kiiiic^W l^o^Vtlon o\ ihe vwHe^U , 8u:t iiie-valices ef Iv'l^-^ and
.j^y^ |or @^ui€- AtK«-r tK)$clion r>mvj be dir<idHr 'H'iau, ilio-se ja.st

a^noi-^ Hie iK^ivilk 'Utavik.ro|(M„i)'s (o\\e Uy edek j:)e'5-ytb!(/

I
.'»hVIvo v\. O'f 'H\.tyyiUii% m-\kc^^}C) 11 «t> enc4eKt (-rOTiv ft<|.l-3^',

."^rowv 1ke 'Hal u*« ^l- ^k<i^'mo')iH\d dliacrravn , -fiod- v-^h^v 4ite jyi^riimji

'\3Cr^\\-lt)V* 0^ h\t. tooAs Pj , P^ , t^.. OH H^ Spall ywiU iliftrti>u^ne^i-

tiu. ii^M'a vilvv^^^l*^- H^ ^ "ti^ ifell^ I


^^"^ VojoabU c(ts1t5i.Hce -^ob^O
3^^^ FLEXURE. ^P£Ci AL PROBlEm. 85
-

ik'^ ^vfQd d(9^>u:^^a^etvireeh lh£ [ocxde (v»/he<W), Far anvj vdiu^s /;px,

Iv, (i) wc have M^ a.<i OL |u.vm:.Hoii 0^ k ,(xi( itie oiier quuxn-Htea m

(For tkh, OY awu otU'T \^alu€ etx, ol^Ms toIx^ i^ Hec^cd^Vf, herice

D\v. one Ude of.. +<t€ "Wildlflliitol l+i^ 5]p<»*^ dus P^, H cru -f^e eH^r; U.os

T'vv tkb fva^j i H .\^^\^ |^<xrH(ialm' case w«. uvaaj It^vdi -^lie ^e^ pe^iv^

rv%Yt-~R*I T t |t)i safe looJiiiu^.

/lt> io ^Ht^'sltcAif J, jov a<^WeH |?o$ll-u.n^ ijffke vvN^*!^ Hms

od^iixod e'-^bbort . SNkm- lie IW nvovc;s Wa^^d e>vH*€^ {^u.j?|;<?v^t H^^

wk<el volU eo\K|)Uk4\j cuet Os>\^ bevejdi i+. To jvvici riiA<XK., "H-wii^.

ac^Vvow^ c& Hie suj:)j?of( tvhewHic l.o<xcU>vc^^ b sufteA^"3lvei>j so _^U^

A-^ fii^ VtVctjf . -^uonitul b dbt ti* e-oi}Le luwier five }i^%vi€Al" tooo^ -^Hwh
•:. V ^^'He<?€.^S{?.'iy fo i^Ai wtik nt4>r<? iWv* cite j/v i-uuo wkeU ivi Hvdl-
;

sas q hiEXURE..mo-^tHH loads. ^_


EXAMPLE, (iivew "Hu. ?D{(ow(fj^ wh4«( hf««s«r£-Sj

>B<- --5'-"^<-
'

A<- - - S - ^/' .- -4)

oil cae mil uuhifk H o-CK+iHtc^ics o^tf aAifxier e|~ ^ #» sf)an,4«;n

/, /?e<^(urc<^ Hvi po'Stfieiv


(;f
Hu ^tsuli^ cf Aj B^ dHdl C
2- '^ M !j >< <; »> AyBfCf rmxiD:

B bv: a'',vf.<x.?(, ? DiH«:- for vvKtri C. fteq<yi\^ tke v<ftii4«^ (5f-


f^e'Sc

HcH o-f iocuh.


neSUtrS. Ci) 7.^' fj nqht of A ,
a.) 10' U vta/d of A.

(3.) y^.^ ' to U^lit [- 8 .


C^/'.} Moiy M e -^
. i^. 73 6O0' iKeUte,
'fclHv (Xtl Mu wvbeeU ou 3 (\Ux. M^ iz. iUUDOOO tKo/x-(b, win?

VMhe^k 8^C. avidD OH. (5.) Jy^^-IS,6 hm% di, nc^\ '^'u^.^^ai

Iccwis, cHf vnodia ft| subpart, cr bcHi, ti*.^ ^utlu obj^in s^juaki a^a tk^

M„, -,1^1 (see §;239);

vvii( bsL iuelt ik^.i fiie v^€<3uotimis are i'^v{i€p€v\(ie\<t 0^ -Hus jcnn cxiid
I -.- *

'^^^

X I

>'''
F.-^. ae-v- §a6o d
%260 FlEYsURE, SPECIAL PRO&ism^, S7
M<xkiucj asectioii of m \\9m\Y(^ Om ft€€
eitici x b<4MCj< l^ S.(v«r^. , ,

T/i6^« iWues ol J*avKi IVl h.ol<^ Qood beUuCyt and C-, J

nplil^ -rl. Tkls i€ +lte Tiw^v.M Ux jke b€Aiu, since fce'hv€<i« C


aud B, IVl b jjrobarHon^l +o tke (il«+o.ue€ of ^le sectton fvoluB.

1-^ Ike
.^^^„,=.^
G-<^uaii:OH lor ^oi-{e
w^=:Qf-
{oAijliHA.
CO

\tih»i ifiS OK DC ; «.€., |jrduifica(Uj jil a dbve-t«il joivti eyh+c el au^j*

^HH^f^ o\^ OC tiie foot Wow (n^ Ht« ^e^iin i)K fl<« ri(\k\~ o\ Sw.^k«<c45cH

v^uiol clUc ciowuwavcis re/A+iv<>lv| 4o l-lic. left h^^vcl (jortioy^ ; iut vke

uto.^ on C6.

\k joivit e|^ abbl^*<^llo^l «a|:i.broack€5 a^u-jj^ort; Mih wou^ld v\ocfwal-

V*'«<a ilu toad xvKjd fke SM.j5J3oft U ^ual U^ke rtAtfhon at fkfiu«iy
awj->jp(;vl avui WiAAj 4-1 ta« d^cn red^fi ttlimlHuc^ N/alue, wheii ike eo^*

H (i^:^5iWid ( wiU\^ , wt-iqki H<:^ W t-^' |3«*f tJ-vMl" o| (euc^-ili j b^(XJu»


3260 FLEXURE ^SPBCiAL problems. M
about m <ju6

^>^',on^, (VI^R^x^Xyvx^ . . -_ .
(p^)
Hvlc(«itflx( ^Y x=.o (U. ectO) W --0 ^wltik -for
o* ~ i^ (i.€. ccl C)

5<2^f(ov\ heH/mii oiHol C, (i>t^ /or a value ^| x ^C^^ iv^^.fe)j$till

between £) A*vi C , we bw-t (J M 4 ciy ^O ^ <3iuo( otfeini, ^ttb^frW:^!**^

(ji) wcK 0C4iwr CM OC OMi vuili be {{v^sr ikii^ Me (Dt<x<^v<t>M3 H

OC wcixW. be M^ .

For Wt<L 9)1 ort l^oyii^iv Be ^ whlcii fw.^ vw^vvteicl^ diU i^i^e^sa diou-

(TfT-am'a of if^ owit ^w-f coKih'^cu*^ vvi+k i4©*^e fcr OC , tt ifiia^ eajuU^)

be iUouvn ikxt- Mc t^ "Hie ^ft^ctle^f lu^jHteHt of ak*^ secfUn ; Hmca (k


fVj mci^.x^or 14^ ^ «f rtie wVio\e beam 4ii eifliey- Ivt^ ot Vi^ ^

knee c^ P frorvi %e nn^id'Je of IKe Slpavi^:

J^inv*^ Since -from C^) and C^)


m

%26o FLEXURE. Special P«o3S, 8*?

!kc e<ju«Tion \oy soft louring is

K eitiier P ^"^3 1- )
^'*' ^ ^^ ^^^ unknown. <jiu?rhlity ^<3it.g>it^

tt->€ cv«l«v»*oh o"[ Q6j can not te «{>j»l»c^ an<J we •% use Ufii

eijLuitton^i) in (^3 ^'^ ^^ divcrvy^mote Ijelw**^!! fiie Two >>esw)t$^

The <:^tJ<at«'>t. i\sZQr 16 J =r "R 5 it* F^^ 264 wKfirC

26K TWO EGUALTE8MIN/AL LOADS. Two 5\1«^


MEfpacAL SUPPORTS, Rg. a6b\[Safv.dcase as f;^.

fr<.€ iat^ciu Om w\Vhx<li .-


Px-i^-0 -MVl-P^c Oh
wKik vv/k<^e .x>l, <wi<j(<i,-fl2 .
-r

^i/u:daov^ 0) ^^•^^(^ C2^)

0^ OC J ^P (^j
On CD J =:-P-P^^e9C (5)
U/-. and (6) yy^\jOih\ ddsa b^ akfalne^ fr«m (0 cuidi U) i)V| wrlHuc)
X- dM -rdx, bi^^ ike Unywtx \iiethoci ts +o b^ |)r<^crvecl U
-^uc r5a$«a elv.te -l^^ IcxHev re<{ulre3 iVl *h> b<3 e^cbvct^ei as a. Wi-
§26/ FLCXliR£.5P£C AL PRO0S. / 90_

1-f +U beam i& avv, I~ b^m , i^ic 4<^J^f fkcA' Jh x^ro a)U|~

<xtoK<:; 6C +t) .
tuwit, "iiu "twe -fla^e&i bt^ He iower f(<XH<}« b«lH^

J2d2! (jNfFORM LOAD OVER pmT Of THE 3P/V^


TWO END SUPPORTS. Fic^.^U. Lef Hit hcKd-^^-'W, ty^

l^M^Hx. Ht^i^A vv^tjfet ol hic^m . FoY (K ^rte bodtj Cm cfca^^ k'n^^^

V¥?i.Ufi h(?(ct3 (joc?^ -for ^i^vj «€ciCm OH £)B, A^ hr ^ecHov^^ on

BC iH« wot(2 ftiHtji^ie "U dee^-l |y^


w\+(i -Hte boixj m'C, of In^XjH^

x'<CB -from wKicK w<t Ikjiv« H-R^^x* - - ^ - - ~- (i)


vi-^ihte/i shows -liie Htovnejif' Cittv^ -^r BC h b«e <xe1mlQk+ liueD'Cf

av«. cVv^U {usfe<u( of (MJ'iucujftVKj wttli ilj (el tiu «fu<uuV ^ko w >sr^

Tk« 5(t<saur for <vw^ vdW. *{ x ch OB h .•

jr=.
On 06 R^_v^x
wviitU 01^ BC — ^ ^ >

-
^

— X ^Rji:=^a>ii%i<xMf - - ^. ^-^
(3)
(4)

ike j:)clut D luuih oeew-r <;k OB, ae wUl be seen, oW w\ii^\


hii t(i€ Mv), for tW wkok beoim) w« bv*t 1= tu q. {^3} v«iieH<i«
f^m. 5S7 t« ^V *fo {ace >. 9t ^§g63 ron%

=3!K

l^
'"^ti

V /
^> (M

n
l I ii'»
'—';;; ^ —

-2

F.|,a70 ^'" § 367


W. Thl^ v<xW of X «44)^lK4^ Ui <2^,0) ^ives

T^u incxvv eti€<J^ J^ \% juiosd cCt avwt i^ r: R,,wfelth

263, UNIFOff NV LOAD CYER WHOLE t-FNaTH


WITH TWO SY(Vt(V\ETR(C/^L SUPPORTS. Ft^. 56;.
Willi i-W ^tfxflou g?cj3rc^6e<i m^4i€ ^'<^i^re, -rtie^Kowmcj n,-

T^acfioits , ecuch -- jW^. TIi^ wi'One^i' Ci/trve i3 ivtcijc i^ of Ws

if-ilve *u|ijj<7rts cjure |ax cndKok (XJ^^xt, m wKlck Caj6<^ (see.


f^.')
ike ^i^+tc oi^ne (r-l He be<stm tfeelf ieconus cxoicove u..|?W(!wrdl

Ui-we^a ^te ^(nuis £ andl F tf '*co^+YttA-M jl^KWne'l /Ife^tdi^f

X%,o^ ^fWc bchvH i^ ^>i4)'vvt€>iV oujcu<i cxa^^e't Ij^ (mix4>ydoim3,

"^l^ee+lw:! ike dA6jcif(xm W€ iJ^c -HuJ^T li w^itl he dfW af H' Ik

^K
«' ^It ^^ 8^^^

VK<| a/& i 13 > i>r •< (t|


/?^ .

Ttw« ^k«ay eio5« ou +ke (eff <?| B-wl, wfili'e cfdse4«ii<?


S

§26 FLEXURE. ^PBciAi PRoes, 92

26^. HYDROSTTVTIC PRESSURE AfiAINST A


VERTICAL PLANK. Ftdm <Ji^^mch>^ h^<iw^iaah$ m^

X, bclo^ ^ fru.v|our« 5 a.K4 e<jtAA,U fde weUKf era /au$m ^^i

wkerc V ::r vvetcjKt of o-CA^tic uMit (Ue. ik-e ii€^lJ13^i , see § 7) r^

Consider (?m *fve€ • 6e!sl<iU8 ^-It^ Q.lmH<i j^rcet cf^iii<2-€Y-

po$>tA ^^Hcn Til, ftt^ -forces cmjUvui ar^ fW r«dcHoH K^^ tjLRc(

a\vdt five, sum i>| "fi^ in^meni-a o| fd^e JK^svvYe^ ab^K^m


h C^U<3il 4t) Mxai 0|- Ik^iT r«^4A.lHM^ (rr: tWelt fi^m, 3CH<^ Wi'C*!

[Fvoiv (.0 wktn y ^ c , we K<»v<? for Wta "Wal ^^^^ br^eisjuTC «^

bom* <xi D we imwc ff^^ ^ "i" V^^ J


for Om -nee ,w^ fui¥€

(wifvlek WcU <^at)<i ftoitv v-^O ioxr-lY Frcm S:^(kuriX'f«^


'

§^6^ PL£XUKF-SP&CtAUP^ 0B5. ^3

d^ micjkf' (xhc kcive be«u ofa-ftUHAd h\| c(t|ferew"Ha+t;vuj(^J,si>ic^

^<{. ^ J aW ruiixte , and vv€ Kav^€

e ' ^^'
e "9 'VT'V
UKBMMPLE, I^tlt€ Hiickum of +ke foiaukU K,rqw.ma
li- ? , if R' hiak^vi z^ 1000 its.jierscj.Hv. for iin^her (§55/),

v^^^Husf 5ab«i-iWe R'-iODOj I- JZ Wc\t,es ,vz:. 0.036 jhz.


\m ecLbie-iHck (kiOkiH^H of NATiJt.W l^i ikU euet^vH of uvii'b)}

B yytli bd ^voficect +(t<tf '^\U'tt % for fl/l^,, ::=: 2 -r- ^5 ^$M.A


i4Dt' -|^? ^ ^m ^^ ^'^'^ oecar tu 'fft^ $ec+loH ob|>oiti€^Hie ve-

aAtXiovtf t^-f Hi.e wafi^r [jve^SKr* ; tte fi<|, 2^^« Tf>«e ske^tracrvf

ie a.joa.<x\svl(x here] e^. (3).

266. THE FOUR Tc^V'CRlVATiVtS OFIHECR-


VlhlATE OF THE ELASTIC CURVE. Jf yfuYX^M
C^'\'f<^ e^ucoMoK o-( Fke ela^Hc oi'i^t for^uy pornon.6f^
[cad/d. be^^j^jow w/lxick jboffijH tite too^W^w^ of (ovKilkof

295), o( - (X cokHtImjious Wc.(?c) (as tv. fk^ l^t §), Wt^

'•(ci.kt-O. A,etJi (XViiiJSr^ feelwo tjou^e^^fccfiv^ cro^s-s'^cUfiH^

(^ xioiucUii b^am^ omA (et fie block fcefwe^n ^f/tewtjW-


^26€ PLEXURE^SPBClAL RROBS. 9±_^

-Hue ^lU^l^^cj reldiio'Hii

Mi.4e.(^
El^^^U d^c.., J^
X;
$
rt^ scale) 1 ,..
(^

cfj^ tU fae<Jtm iWelf ; aYWihj , audi net arH ftckl iikt H^^ S-

<suhi^ omA (i>eHrTM^hM. Tlu eA4J€ ]u^f ixeM<^ i%%l6^K


Kovv<iV€/r, e||€r9 o^e^vj slmtl^ acu^e ^iKCt vv U+k^ skxiiie ^*a:-

We/* be^m, Humbert vuj bdiC'kvw/3iv<<,witit


S

§ i 66 FLE XURE. S P ECIA k V tOQ . 7^


iN»3. Hies c^envaCtWe (diS'i' d-^C) \,% '^mailvt ^nree eLj aud (^
/'lave e^Ki\l>x^ ^li^'MQ^
^3 ^.^

. \ (5lie<tf -r) E I -3T^ r: — V ^ "X ^ C^Hst.


Bu-t wnhVci obct ^ka e^juAtlo-n -for x^^^^i , U€'f(?r Wve fJolnt 0^

%.\ 0,K-a etna M-0 .\Comt-0} Ai^c^m,

\t be €'^vtal4c I , avc^ u 4t) be r :s£.ro.,uoi^e' ^'rod^ , ah^I iV

y>^a^. u (.U. e| ^jr^^^est ie/fketUn) Ih Hit eidfitc eta^f^j wttk

iw5 I u^ cWuiAslvj 4iie OM.^ il? IDC ^|nft.kev% . Tkll ^iuM ^^X safe"
§266 ^t f^fAUR E^ SPECIAL Pf^^ ps. q£

^. J (a. —(
alitor, 4 .€^|orc<} -
) j:xn<.jvis

5. w (f.^ H a.^ ^i)=(-- ){^t^^ ^--^

^"67. RESiHEN'Ce OF SEAM WrTH' tNO SiJPftfRTS.

-^vTDvi^k aifi^fc^"'k u|?(m M^ te^in. 6^ <l beaux iH^Jptni-iuicd

GK :.^ .Si! -
C^)

Auc^ Ft r^ file ^oUy^HC ofiii^^^-i^fttiiki^bcam. Pram €<^iu3rk<^


-

^h U7 rLEXUljE^ special probs. 97^


bu-i fk^ \m^t of & «-!tfiuA<i v^^f b^ tswdi coiu|Wgc^ mik iluxi of

Ike «vtcr^M of-


liu^ Vt^ mt^t, -forWc bcduns e^ti^ scuue'^nd.-

j^n'vkcviOLl "K,^ iiidt teK^Jtk^. (Tl»€*^ -same veLri^oiv^ tipU.cjDod;^^-


'

: M'Hu'tt-elxf 3 bev cvtd +Wc elos-Hc tiiml^

,r<kcd woi^ wpw'fcft


^ft
ht§J^5' joY static {oad^j(^Hui f^re^ii^Te at

-tvA.ck^ts'\ ^\j Sir Jokw Avcdler&on, UvwioK, iSSif ^\^u: (_|oJ?4^

tariik and dt\>V^ will $uLJ>)>ort, bi*.i ika+ It wH oe<xr ddif^bfelfe

'sjv^iqk'Vs atv. us«dl , tit^ Uh^t b«x>H vytU net brecxk i^^j "Hte wei^fit

v'Uvw^ tAjjcHt-t uile«7$ iS" |tilU tkrmti^k Ww€ "Htc ciUVaiu:^ recjiar-

56i\a)|VmiN£D FLEXURE AND TORS/ON. CRAHK


HAFTS, Ho.Syi. Ui AB be +ii« txa.uk,(x^^d H/\ fe>'

A-^ dtrpj^iid |rom tU. ix#i-5 "OOj ot ^H^. -^Uff u|)t'H P^ixndh
-: dti'kt.H^is 0? a, ais>vwj -Hie a?ds 00, ^ Ut'Hi iVte cro^? s^jciltm/
Wlu-\ t?i
\->\9 ^^\\<x.^i, cli;$e "bike bea.^inc^. LeV NM' be ivciin-
B^s, 57 X V. ^7 7 To ^ace }>. T8 % § 26% to An
F,3.2V2 ,%-^ >,r.a-

^cd

-I *
-l,
a
nisiT
R^. A7^«. §5-?l

FVcj.a7i- %^'rx

F."5 a76a. F»^.


277' '§^7^
v^/«i ni^Y <3ijJsume MicttHie. sfif€»^€« it h^ ^ui-'hx d\\ iks eM^mriH of

Hi€ $keciriix«{ ski^s it^aevd "biii* di<^cl€5 wkui^ kdui« cts aeotn-

\kev\. e-fevdre , audi |>«^^ 44i,tiDtt^k "Hw, f'^p^U^ lF*S /or e(«m-

acHevi 0^ "P.

'^^ ixvJii owtA iK rkfi *\u<xil J3(VYd(teiobl|Mttai eiemetit va of i^ic


©I

aboui NW' fm ttu frcf bod,j (dit&re<^ardiiHi^ +!»-€ moHou) wc ha^'o as

M.pi;u.f: = ^ ------ .. (a)

\Hc\m. o| ik«, sHtCtfs has (X'^^uMHtui obfiW^ NNj N^)t+ kkoK^iuo-

:^=Pa5i.e..|,,=:^ -
(M

SiOKal etauRttc forces , ou, omvij ouiar mtfst clF^o^t (rfjii^ ; aw(i II,
V\ie jpolfluY u^onwiU- of luertitfw
<>f
Hi« urcle about ik eftilte 0.
Hfexi eoH^\ier fr€^, iKftc|. 57:?, asiwaiil J3(jurc)L(te{fib;^€di KksK-fm**
HivL keiu al m(of fif270- ^^ 3ff«%se« |fe« ^AO(^J acK*i<:|

(vvv -tke -ft)Wf fac« r+o ii-c )3<Lf)er ix Ut^, 3^5 are tkere re^irv-

^cvdecl , H*^ cLimaw3.U^v5 (lu-fiuliesh'Hftii beiKtj n |l \t> Hti^h


it 00, (kiU d r U\^e |?ap^r Ufii^jyi. Bv( oiWivw^
lo ,

Hi^ raHo o| 1) 4t> n «vt 'wu»| vtidke 1ke avu|U wk^ti- ^tjiidiKM'

BU Kow [m>J8aaei it) c<>>c^\,dlef -{ree -tW ivujivujvdAr )jntj)*c Q.HT,


H ftvvi tW^ iVL4ewi\H| ©f vuJ^niAi sHe«% 5,^ t>^ i^^^ of (xxe<x,
f:\KV^t dU^owoS jpl(XHe (iHj(cf UKqtk = § lArVicti h a b^vu*wliH(3|

fa^ of -Hiat 1:tlav^(]«.lcix ^\t\-}x, $ea jicj. JZ73. B^f ^A/niiH<^ 51


^368 rLEXO^E. Ci^A^K Shaf t. 7?_
2^ ccm|Dcm^. m 4iViccru>n <?f novmal To GH3~ .,
v^^e ska)) f>a*«e^

qc el = |>nclsw 6 +]>-W s«n 9 4- ]o^nc^ cos Q 3 a^.:^

O^zz
y ^ Sm04- >yr|_S.t,e +-p-.Cc5 6l> CO
"but n : C = ^in 9 a*wi Tj; C =: COS 8 •*..

^ hi5 t-n<Ky l>c WYirten(^Sce e^$ . S'5 <^^AA 60^ O.W. J,


> r%AOri/Jtviehry3

<?=^ 2 I'O^ ""^^ 26)4-'p^^ut 20 ^ (3)

As il^e filtWonai I^Une GH t* taken*m cViffe^cnt j&cstr^aKs


Ci«^.,a*, 6 VQywss)^ "^14^ tervsde stress Q (^ Its, ]p€r Sf, m.
frA tosfa^i^) cAso vavj€S^bcm5 a ^uticlich of 6 ^ avid Vts

iiaOx, v«lt4e n^«Ay be ^ !>« \o *|it-ui 6 (cr o ana^i ^ we


'"'
il=0; i.e. >sr^5 6-t-2-p cos56= o....(<^3

Coil flus «aiu^ cf a,a'. Smc idu^e' ts nt({cdiH^,2B' Iie3 ci-

rSv€ e^italioM 53 (X^ Jdq TVl^dHometn^ , O.W.I J The t^f^


;)i(^ri5 rc^e? b five ^eeW ({t,«ju£ r cuit ^ f k^ lotw^^r it> tnc iow^rRu

^^^2fc^2e-4^p^stu!l9 - ^^ C7)
i
§.u8 FLEXURE-. QRAm sHArr. ^oo
max.^ y^i 0'
O^L0uifavst)>T^ jtW <^ fken for S iv^
(3 J <,uX^-

stiUttmjr frotyi {^6J) (^«*^^ey si^^nS^. "W'e \\\^S find

ma,. « -^^J^V^^ il)


I,

ifS ccTi^|j?c%^*m-» fnt^&cLfil af tcft^Wot^i ^ ?%^.tf«ji ^.^11 mH© le 4ri?v»'i-

6uhlc Indies .\ r -r-tStJ tHches


f/erttWiVk \y\&.%,<^^zz 7000 P,A, ^j €iKd I as before; ^Arm

Tl^ir. Utt^^T i^U& ff r,l4/ Iv^d^Sj sttotcl4 be adej


%26S FLEXURE. CRANKSHAFT /of

(vwn«A P UCOb
-^-
ibs- anil a~ 6 hi.) -tkat <^
>na?t. (and i|5

Ic^ee P (v€rHc<ai eoa -pressure) i^ ^jp'^Weai Hi ^ver coiiinvcNfe

T'lioi- ?s,4ke rtcjict Ixr^ O0K^hfCiu^ ^f-tkc+i^o wlieeb <^Hd

skWX be elHtev f^ Ij , at C ey P^ I3 ^ at
^5 a Tke [;^rKdic CD ts
iiuvi^r -^btBloH , o^ amanu'rt+ oj 4^v^Vtni ^J^ (k^^ Q^h^ Heu^iciw
.

FLEXUf?E,C^NTlNUfcD.
CONTINUOUS GIRDERS.
l^ iMli tbiSj^lisil fe*9lk A^ wKieKe«^« we can •]«) io>u)erja?

Ker^io lort , ic^iiiint ike t«a(rHons at 44t« s4A^<nrb -froAi sUn|pl«

tiu (dHt/r vuetAsj i4i^ be ^and tn i^ ^k«^ w«-e ook^ W^4 m~

«.oi4.'^ t^^.m^x o^^ two ;)KJjf^iw1-^, th« reac^ehs ^Hm iMdepeude)^

'

A*, o'.u ILLUSTRATION^ Ij lie sttatcjHt b€«L}ri(jf ft(). i/^^ i.'i /?iic-

sir^^^'iiuj tktf wKdIe beam jre^^wa lw<t iVa^ unkhowH c^mkH^'^^


avs4 oul\j 4w«> ^*u«iidK<i, vlx: 2l (vert . ei>wj»H^) ;=:0 a^^cl 51 (jw4«h5.

«3ioi4s0m€ |5<?int)^0. rt U£>w B b« ^«xduiiii\j [owcmi, ii re-

ceives i^^ ovkA leip? J3iif€S«t4y€j kkIU tV]>4HSt.HN yeacii€S (XjJosiiiftn

^H eve beam W^Im touAfieij


V»t.€ i4;a**4ww 0*$ vteujVbn bjareiD
Uv^*! OMd C SiAb|>«»fT Ike b€»*«.^«s» \lo were uof "Htev^. At:? h
K%vu Uvu B Viwt^r "alrtk to alfcuui^u^ p<>^Hi>iv,c{«|jiK(is cj*. tii^

isii^n£s£ flurui Uai •t Hic k>€».ui* /Win , i{ 8 k «u^ (Siisy^

rke ie^l cf £) €UMi C It receives cjTf^Ver OLi^d c^reatesf Jitree^twrej

Uovt^ wouJct te diW^^ |-n>m ^\\a^ "Hie^ w^uJd be i^ He h^\\\

ov Hi4?. supbM B,lK^V<24i4 <5| bei»vQ <jtd a^rtcd' 6 itcio tyv6

^ue^jiv:w.cievct Iftaam^ j.
^<i.U. c^verht^ lb Z)wh sj^oh cu^^dt kiWhU<)
J

§271 - FLEXURE. COHTiHUOU^ &iRDE/?S> /QS

All fke oases (vc^ eo^^4flt«^«< wiii be coiHJM/alive)*^ siitij?^

dtciAUv loike beam avid vw \k^ %An*e |^t<ui€. AU^u.j>j56t1s ai"Hift

TWO EfiUAL SPANS. TWO CONCENTRATED


^72.
LOADSTONE IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH 3PAN, PRIS>
hlATlC BEAM. Fi^, 2.7^^ Ui o^k Mf-ef?avi - ^i . Nc^ka

i-<jnu)a.Ht h^ke eia^Vm <wvrve dd U korla^cuW* ctad tiuet+k


^lA^^t^of b arc i^ a, Uv^i ik^ ic^^e^ovi of C ^OuV4d B) btlow 0*s
bwoitKf I's^erc. The %i^^ii^i2^ do^'Hc C44,rv€« OD aKdBC >W8^<?

Fov fite E&l/ATION OF OD,VMAk« (ts^c+iou n aw^(wher«


beVwv-efivv^ (xM D , coKsiiei UvJi i-iC a. free hoihj, Fi(\^ !l]6,\mii
dvlcjUi aiu5i aices a^J iWe ludtc^tei. Fro hi ^(vvioih$. about vcu~

T<xkiw| +ii^« >c-auU-ci€VWa"kve o[ (3) w<i have

a,-_P(i^.i^)-P„[i|i-^] (3,

H^s€ aija.\K He* cojt^Wut \^ zero ^UeeotO xand ^ txfli^O,


(3) i-^iiw ^uaHoH ,(Waiiew9
o|- OD \u>vaivi« c^>:<0 or>|-

11 coKtalu^ "Hie wuKviCvrfA ^fce "P. .

Fov 4k< efiJUAT/ON OF DC, !e^ +h<l variable $ftciltH n


W Hv<!K{e Av*^vv.iv^f^e IjeiweevtD anclC cUvd^A/^ ka<r€ (^Fk^. S/6a;
.
v^ M.OW tav^^^c b<>Viwe€n -4- and I

L
£l^--na-x) - . - - -
iu)

ftKak +kfc T<.«u.lis(f<r< tk«iv«« curve* H<x«e<J-co>i*ni6wi-fi.v<^6»a

.. H^=|PlVPjl^-^-^j^i^PP (6)

tiouT^. To cietermliK T^ we ewijilo^ +(ic |aci "Ht^xt 0'$im

^ivA;;lrl(^\,s Ik (,6) we luxv/e

Fvom iv/w iitefYM Pg also ^--^F, wktl^ T^ fMu^i


^tt ^-^

^(Moe 'P^'^^l'^f^c:^^ P,(vvKol« becuK fee) {jjolvJ[ He ^u))~


borb W'^'Ta >u?t ox a lev^l^ fcvtt t| (-fuif l^^.-^fmu-fij lite nUaUf^ 5uj?«
ptn[1' C wvere a *^vuilt o(tsfa.ue€ =1 h^ b^low lli« /ev«l liuc ]ohuH<^

ike o'Ht<m , w^ skoiA^U jp\ii xc:( ^h4 ^--h^ iu c^X^I^ohM

tW Wi(jft-Mi(v{ (Uv^ -tetvn u^iiie f>n^ matte*' beai>i avid u.pvyi ih

^0 ^ 'c ^ M^ ^"^ tv.<j(«? )KfMievi+


(>f
"Hit VHaW)ic4 A-VMi -^>vt c|-

.iklck wu-idi. +krn


H- P E r Ow
=•- - (^ -r l^J, is fauiKot io %^
.JK,^^^'-
4-\ -.
K'/^~;---n-
<.. %.~

lllUlu.lH;,.,:t!?'^ ir-n

%3fto ;;-^^--' iTTTlEniimii]

Tr= wl

wx
^27Ji _ PL£XURE.coNTiN(;ou^ ampEKs. tos

Tjl£ »tvoiiuiA <it(X4^VA^i^ 0^ tUU c<v3€ C(U\ KO*»A< be isa^vl^


c^>K3imeW' rtfij.577, Fdv ama( |r«« bcsU^ nC^ n /i/^tij(><

t.e. vane* dlrecfiy d;%;r^ tutifl x^ jsxi4s^B D wht*i^ |^au^

"^" ^«^Pl ~
~ C7}
The ^IwAr at C cui<>t cu^jwUr^ 6K CD -^-^V fV^hik ouW

The moiucHl: avi<i tlic^vr dld^tonw ox^ ed.-iUs c<rHf^fma+«^^

;^73. TWO equAl spans, (;iv( Firmly distrib^


UTPD LO/AD OVER VA/Hei.e f.EIVaTH. Pff(SIV!flTi^
BEAIVI. Fiq.i/S, Su.pf>0(h B.OjCouaUM^Tatd
toad ^ jjW'^-^wl awd 1naui( iu6lu<(^ fbi-^jf fH€ beam; wis

Let 0)\ =rK ; tk^v* w'l+K h C -free , 51 ludms. ct^owt n:=>0 (fi^^
%272 FLEXURL. cor^rmuous, &iaDERs./0 6

[CoM$t-0 for a,t hoik % avui i| arc :roj £(7ua+tC7i5 {^z)/^,


and C3) ad^utl o^- Aiw value e^% 4ro>H "b c^ Le. fi^li
cjood -fcT^ ou\w4 bonii of- Hit (Uas^Hc oawc OC^ Uml. loadht^^ m

aui C are cvi ilv€ aMs of X) (jv^^^^Md- ack- O), WHk fiw^
v<xiu«^ cf- X aiui u lu fto. {^) we have

Th€ fAOMENT yVND SHEAR PlAaf?/^WS eauiiow


S^ f<>^m«oC t^tuce ail +(t4 ^rfKKal ^c^-ts ani /<noiMi» In

m^fw-^-^ -oi

\/Mh x-L B-vj maf?€£.ffoH \f h^e«M ituit for K--:^D, W-O;

bft^fc^,Mi wtfkl<it\,+(}iA/ard O^-fke uj-j^^r fiires cjirg tu +e4-.^kH tW

M^ -1 ~ 4* ^ i"^ == i''^ • A^ fo ik€ areJik^\ hvo>u€h+ It) be

fi5uv.d cru £?fi


^
pat ci^ ~ (i)(J -0 aKc( sotvc ^-v x. Tlus
But 1kU^m€.r(ca(^ [es-s +(tavt M^, (p-^Wl)
(lesAce iti€ <^iujctiou |ov safe (ca^tu<^ b

^-ywi ^
a;
il^^ saut€ as i| +Jt<i bcAivi were fnxA 'ttirai^i^ (it {?, ^outk Mf,

e4-(,:2.)j H^itci
€ ii\Ak'tuc|ii.€ oilier co)\Kituou« cft/eif'Hi^ )Hi<i-

A^ -Uyf fiic 5jii«d«jX, vv€ o\}^^6xy^ !f-f^au«^ sec+tou fe^^

(yevHcitl |4nfciJ5}=:0 ^m free bodtij nC,ai4^ ^fitu^ (iay€

iM uiK h/L; de€ abfrv«) olmL for k-I if r:--|^W wludt

\=fw-' c^j
Tli<. -nunHeKt (iM>i\t^ U a ^abota {(Xi^bara'fe 6h^ for eou:!^?

^pCLV».),+lt^ sk^ijr curve astramcf Ituc , luduiedi Htj rlt^ htrl-

PROBLEW. How wouU iUe. T«a<iievi^ \\k \i(\. iT^ ^^


<tkau^€<i r^ fli^-s^^Jjfx^rt wer*. (ow«rcdi o.^>^i<t{t) disWee
Kq beiowv ike (cve^ of fli€ oiitcr k«i> ?

LY AT BOTH EA/DS (AT SAME LEVEL). SfNfiLE


LOAD AT Middle. Fi^.j^^o {a$ u^uaI titebpu^Hb
(Mvie^d^ci "ft? b^ hii)uo<|ekfi^nLS ^o ifedtt" E b 1-Wesame d^oll

3'-b^e5e(i 4o bg of sucK awaiu-re ote fo cAute iu> ftonxoHiul


i^KsWaiuH ',
i\«.^ -Hue beaiu. ci/>e5 -wotad- <^% (s. (iXrfA. or eUiH,

i\\. auvj VMAuiRet , (Xi^.<i kmce, ike ^mn o^ "Hvc Kon3^0H4a( Ctxw
^jftp>%*^^ ef^ke ^"ke«is€!^ l> auvj ^eefiOH H ^e'ro,ai> Kail
§^2/4^ f- LEXUR£. CONTINUES d/RDERS. 10^
i^ftctiiwq CAiSe^ o {- -^le^ure . Ju otte^ werd^ lie nadtAl oixk
^tll e^v\.itj(iKS Hie c«%vVr«. of <^f(WiV»)
#f
Ikes eeK 011 cu^^ He inu-

stoifs audi et^v|)tiestloti$ a?ne.^iMv<fct!?^^t" 'fo a ccj4«^I« {fUe. s+ness-

(^i/iA^U) w!u)S<^ inorH«*d" k +k«*^Ynonw«fvi: 0^ -lU^ycrz^,

ces itwA iius fwxHAH ,i)f UvwjHi ^ 1 , 04>MsXderedi free , ^ forces

iocuij ; W^ icjawax-ci skeats J^ ax\d J^ ^d^e <>:^eac*K secitovt); and


4wo '^sfr^-ft - cotc^l^'', (^He In each, ti/^H-ti\^ ^ ww(u>^« tHorwenis aw
^p a«^4L M^ . Pn?in s^jmindtSj we kuo^^ ilu& J^-T^ , ait<j[ tk4
l\^^-!M^ • Froni XT -0 for 4(ce ff«e bo<ixj |u^1 vnawKtmci^ (b^A
^t ^ivtnfm m Hi€ -ft(|uT<), a>Mi |-irfr>u ^ifyrimm^ , we Iiav^ J^ ^J P
avwi Jc ~ i"^ ^^ "^ ci4i3^f>ume
j M^ aiidl (A^ ,fke fcY^n /:-|ik

ebsHc C4*-<ve3 OB ^xm^ BC i-vuas^ bn hJkew Wh aee^H+^cxs ^({.<i»s:

tu.>v. of ttii? ittOmaiis o| Hie H>t*i<nis d^^d ccni|jre-f$u?H» ciig,

cuqis of (? j {<rf 14tc$e icw^l=mis and c«^)>r^55tOH^ ore e<}Utvaf6M+

1-JXk<^^«. akcw^ a-H*^ 0^% wVlodr€V«r n fo "Hvft |?U*MS of "file C.OjA.J)i€

Tl^v f^m^Wt b Hot (xM«d a^ iil^ x^ro. New |<ov!i ^)nm€^


w« .
' w iW Ike itMM?«.vtV^(W lo HM».eu.Twe DB a+ B K hcn^:-
i2) ijl\e us

H^ citaw( iUe -vnomcv^* diagram an<i -fir^i M,„ . For co^vfinmicf •

-meAStirc x -f^om (^ . Fo^ t^ -pre<^ ^<5^^ H^ W€ , have jjet e<?./.^3]

\\&.u M = M^~ y PI ; b-Y


^f HC'r. M^ ii? scale [^o ^mnx^ t^ch-

|3ey.wis WKfrf JM^K-O^


WClit<U\-^S^ "Hit &, fof ^--J^Mf^-^^^ M
hexvee ky fiff B'D - |?l oiiilve e{)f?oslk sidle of +^c aic'ts o'C'^
frc^iv HCS Mid join DH. DK ^.^-mmehtCAl w\Hi "DH ateo^t B'D,
,

aV'Hw €>^<^^ a^*.^ ihi^ load ; tV n\«^^ afee b^ ^YOY«d +o be jcxAsc

Tk«- fV)\VL"V3 o| IxUe^RffVL c^ -f^i* elastic <HtY\re .air* miioeWwi-


diVca of ttve half -sjixuve , v^^diU -five incix > s f v<a.\ iti

PR(5M/HtC BEAM P(X£D FfORi20NTALtY AT


J275".

BOTH ENDS I^TSAME LEVEi.]. UNiFORMa DISTRiS-


UTBD LOAD OVeRTKEWHOUE UEJSfilTH-F^.£fe
A^iK H^e precedliu^!) ^rt>ble\'n , \a<« know 4to>n «v^vnw€iT>| iWi
§ii7S FLEX(;RE. CONTINUOUS aiRDERS. /tff

cvtial ,we lUAy for X~ I ^ dt^ -r(iK rrC , OMd oktAiU

aiC,

^ iWe -f<f«« bdUj nO (^ levk^HvK, 4Wiis ^itiban«j

i.e. M = H:'isri+-^^i:Wx - - - c^)


AW ^wdi$ti ©1^ ifce second (iww^i^alicouHn^j accnk . 4f

caJi 4M.lwL5? >v\Aj(, (ntu>i<iM^ 4(rf M^oa n»<x»/ be ^ka^nn bf wriHn.^^ ike

SiWc (wttk iiu^ form oj- ((wutous)) if ik€ beamw«rfiud~l)culf


^v^ bui- itrnjiu resUd CTK.i^^ ei*i SKJ?t?©rb ike 8<?wlHwi ^sofa

Cfcs ccnvjaored ^liU ike oili«r;tV^. wi r^^d^ %(3C}s\»Xtirt^^ m


iW tm.W>r eiem^vfe . A« r«uj<*rti* j^Wrn^ ^ss^ i>.iW vr^b if

As h ^iilfHei^ iWer -^-lie lAfji^^'nu io<iA ^ik^ )nAA/f* d^iee-


I eat 4tK\^ IW ^<n- ^w^^n W su^jiK?»^ %X^Aj (>CH(!t4r UMi-ft^vm

tke kovliUHvhfcl (W-s -Irom wiW^k -Hve {7rdU>t^^ ft|. Hie ^rnter cyf«

It iv. "jw^W avHdu^ OS Wve e<^uai. cur ecu? be^nrc^t iVcaMl44i.^ o^.^e^

tw cVU^r wo t<is , live e|^^ af-fttih^ +k€,e4«d's tionxe>Hl(Xll^ ]i.U


§iufV ik^ Yvu)Hi«Kf b(Vfcv)&ei^ u|»Ar<Mndt a dli's ftK^^^e ~ M^{^t? $'«a.l€X

J27^ * REfeWKK^. Tlie ~^€q«i\^ w\| slmj^l^ causes of-tou^Mu-

fip>^lw« f;yf SflL|e loaii\uj ot^cL f^rrciefCtciiOHS . Wlow. H^ere cm


\yi.crt iHcu^ 'HiTiie 5*^rH^v^tlk tjpa^% of ufif^t^X kyLi{\k^awi

iVk 1
257* B^ ^^^ "Ki^-o^^itew ^cjVvrtn* Hie 5(>axv^^ tke {^adhu^ifii^^^:^

Htc Y<5ift-•^!t* irwHalll Heiejhi^ af tiie ^uj?f?0t'b , vv€<xr€ e^tofele^ h

to du4«rn4fei^ tii^- vmmMftcb ^ait ike ^M.bjs'crls {|>. 64/ Hankl**'-?

/^pj?U<i*s- (l^Eeiiawic^^ Front tit ^tervwowsut^ fk^s/i 6iMff c(oi& "i^ e«5^

si{^.« of ^ocU su^^beft" Otr€ |o«.Hi , tk«j\ i!{< r«AfcK{)n^, <iJt<ifr<?trv

Htfefit^ CLVii +k6 i^iUOK lod<3C3 Mill i-rv<mi«iAi'«at' a\v\| sec^te^v cak^^^
F.55, I^H )-o?8<fTo5ai.« f. Wl %^ 278 r« 3^3

T
THE BANfiER^US SECTlGH iH

J?77» REMARKS . B^ ^ Asky^sn^'t nedfxQn** h w^eant -i^af s-fif^

4U'i\ (Ik a cfiv€n b^om. ytvHks' <nMtn ((Wbdhuj wrUi (jtven mijrfe (}fsi^
t)CTl)vtk^i^ ifte >tc»rmjl ivike at*^ef |i3jre^ df" cG^tOiiee ^
^tTe:5S

'(^rouuW ncuiral (Xus.J,s <meder^\^ lxH*« (/uil&.Y |iljYfi cf ctK^ ^Hj-

JiaUeei. U iHc irui^tr litr* ol iiils s<?c4i6n , f| f(i« (cod U <:^iJiiiusiw

W^<lw. ^t'e^iusiiMft ^ ^ *'i


L^^^^] ^^^"^ solved
^ |?^qlv»1uf

fjn&rvuatic beam, \W6 ^jcjiir^e^ "Aie |V\ ^^^ I^ ^ytd ^H*^ €* o|(Wtv|

CATED WED&E. TWO ElTiD SUPF(?RTS. SIH^tE


LOAD (N MIDDLE. TV f<^rr»v is skvy.>^ tu R^. JZ^;!^.
Ne>«f^ vtfeu|W
&f h'^^)fL\ -^
^ivfiuvStLte ?^ from one &upf>«ti,D.

T& c^'pns^s 4kc C' ^ j;\r , clU 4!i^ X^^-jL by^(§5>^7J o^^ auHy

tfiVfkc 4Tu,7vcA"t«d[ ^^f^£ k fee' hvo (c\i<^e<jl "h) ikeiv ivw^ecVlfiH


^boo^^-^l ^h >c ;ij. wVj+ke dicivuj«^oi^s seeHonwtH fa« d^C^

-m^ iKlScUe ^ fk^ boa^ , as If 1^ beA*a were |>rt9»t«irt<j;-

)Ni\ix-kl<C
Z W^^^n^^is)
6 ^

fiq.Z^S^ For "H^e +ruTi(MiW bijiivvw^ hcik ^idftk "=: u^aHi


Kfcujfcf ^v are variAtU ^a^i l^ b ondl h arc ike (jliMi^^t^ifeHS

t?x A , vve ^kdU ka^ from timiUwr irTiaVi<:^le^ ^


^--^ t^'^^)
^2]g FLEX{;RE.NON-PRISIVl/n-)C BEAMS. 1(4^

•- i^c.3p-y#..fe!52!zL3±i2S£>^ (8)

(W vnhuk V and V arc 4^ dLtm^sicHi^s <xt midt- ^fwuyi}

or ia^pM_=.iPc ifitb>ic CIO)

For ^* 5FmiJH4ii«a:£D a>N£ wb«e e - Wie vAJriafek *«-


oUus T , a*wi J
^=-4" fff^ ) wc also hA»e

^=g-#-^ 00
^mA h-ii¥^t p U 0L>MOgr.-f<?r ^^-^c^<m<i iftfi e^ix^£H<^R -for

(^h«Ye r^ -radium o^ y^iid-sjsaK aajtiwi)]

5:^i!r-:.^Po,for^l>i-c 03)

2?0. REMARKS A h^.^^^ . toXd +o K ©f ^u\tC fi»mx


sWn^'^wk'ea IH form ?h , Mi.o(k ef $iA,f>j?ox+j and i^ Als-

0^ esovumv^ W Sdcwredj, ti:c«i jM oil -Hie etvVer -|ihif$s yyi^y k


be — R. tit ail o| -Hw-iiw. 104- ^wn« > m all cases e-j^ jUxtjuv^ fke
i

nvoi^tevd 1-5 i{^e ^avwe -for alt sect cms of eD[ec|.^-?) o^-tii<i1 SJ au4

III -Mt^ fi3Uowluc| ^jrobl^evH^ ik^^ei^[^t e\'-^\e-h^\M,\k<i{ U^%^•'


Ucieci. Tlt<. cjevv^al \K€Hi<>(l bvifs«.erf will N Vo -{^x^oui ci^^w-a-

3icn\ fen tW OiA.kAr-|^br«,-itfrt9'» jg ^


of ^ daf ^vlk ^eJ^iUn of H*.

5^h PARABOLIC WORKmdeE/\M. UrVSVMlVJETRII*-


AL. F^.^?6. CBO.Hai/vorkiua beam or lever B beivu^iiie 3

iuIcviM^ txac4iDK l^ f^ '^^'*'f<j • ^^^ "^^^ -fotc^t? are "H k-Ute


b^^dAVv . Tk<? b^m U ii& \u>.y< Mae s&wve wldtk l^ (xf o>ii ^otute,

Re<j^ired FIRST, llii jsroW Kelc^kt li^ ai B ^jor safehj.


"^^"''•^
M^P/ •.. 4.iS4 ^^^ CO

Fcf Ike ^fe« bodvj n0^we/tav« (21 rl44»m*4j^^4>)

-|l
:r,^^ ,wlikkm<xv| bewriM^H^^wf r^iy^iljc^-C^J

;>.-.
a.-e -It) make. -Hi-e rekt^A be"bW(??'i\ tt\c abscissa. x cvu<H^f
I3i/ Flexur e. NON-PHisMA-nft beams. h6
Tke joA-vaboltc autlivt* -^"tk* j^otHon ^t Is ^vi(i siwilar-

JDYo «/(<<€ dl -for bs/ evtcl^f ^MjfiOAS . THe skeaf X-I^^a^O,ai^

wo^kou!| Ikam** 4^^- en^iite^ , etc.

ea;^<:?lolal •'forms , -fifl. S^/i wfitkoic-f u'iiniJi niu^k vjuire K-coi^fW,

eonltjuu \v^UOtv»^i\u yotaiu^ ^ a.n»6-»u> ait ita^e>^oVc(al ^ti«.s

(riA-s *^.<H'icfU-8 o-^. ffu26« ^^T^yeA^idW t^dUsi OY* at ike laufpt

282. I-BfAM «f UNIFORM StR^NSTH.S^,


yort arid loflui Sawig a<) fn tKe ^rereJlng 9. Pig.286.lwet

-Jor fi'A values of iL . Goneiiertng ^/( iH)Utfs of P <xi^ ft^^ty (>v*<

cJdouI n) Since
1-iQS. i^ ?c '.0
^(jii To-(ote >. U7_ _ .„___m_^ll<'J5?

F.^. a'?! c» 5a<fo

4-2551 O

Kq, 213

>«'g.3?6' §a?3
283. -RECTA^G. SFCfloK. HElSHJ Coa/'stAIv'T.
Two SUPPOBTS(^T£XTKtW»TlfiS), SlKC^^h ECCgA/-
TF^IC LOAD. F.ij.2.8'?. T> an<^ li or* fre aunens ions •|lf'«

sertion at "B . WTiHi "BO -free we Have

t-B^a ^-pi-0 /. K= 1^ O)
3
Atatw oUier Section onT^O, as n.,w)ht-v£ ftie M/('d!ii ts u, ,ft€

VAvTaVie (/lAiose-relaTIan lb K IS re^uire«i j-weKowf foKmO -|yf«

£>IKev scct*««^ ^ ^
on BO J
Bie h€;i<j'ht V Ovid widrtr U. y<».v*e 1Ut va-

Y*«i>)€S wHoS€ relatovt to U desiredt jih4 t^ Ky l^^ltieSfS are Con


vufcfe^ % IV^ relaUV,
t^.^.^tllt ..^.^— (l)
^iVue IKe secUon at n iS a rect«^^^ SitrtiU)- t3llni^(at3^

F«r5i.e
HH 80 -h, = ^^o^o - (^)

5-(i-)'=(i>^yf --(^3
x.^f
e^fescit^ tb X i:^.^ <JYtirnAre ~i? • i\£.^ cf Hi* tc^^er cu^-ve
of )t\e ou»i>te c-l ttie Ccys\y%\ \o^^\is^Ailnal verticq'/ >Uhe
J .

^^f^f FLEXURE .Btams J Unif. =,\^^^^, '


'
«

Vcif wtii cut ociX a Cuvv^ Cx *^^carWv £ff v«hi,'li ( i^ctted Une i3 Oj)
!,a. .„ .^unWn
^^ ^^^ (^ifS ('6

*n^4it s^ ^t Vtei^V^t orwi vA^i^i^ must v£ir3 ens ^€ cuise rooi <^ ,4>e

^iSlbnce frr^TV* Ike. 5u^^t. TV?^ ^iRin CB W4i? we cCTT€*^x>ta-

\lf ft»e l>£axvim ft\«S ]5v<?ljWm «f» li> ria»e cvtCuWy cress- vc—

296.UK\roRM kOAl). TWOEMB SUPPORTS. Rec


TAN^ULAR eg. SECTiOKS. WlliTH CONSTANT. K©w

= ^ V» ^ "a^^- ^ *^^ cross section irt^tWe vw^^IVt i:t. jbTs^^

(^$a»»»e CIS tKat at tSie mtiJU^ie) ood ikc "het^W «=: i^, vArlofele

S(VkovhS. )e Oj^or^e^rec Uj^y ??0, g^ives

Dxit to W a bectm o^ usriijoyrif'. drevi^fk^ Is I& to b4 «=-}* <?^53

C<Jm}>tARfiL ^yrv S.(movM.^ "%«: for iW 4Tte.yc^y ^^ 30

tfc«Tv€ C80 J
sUowi \t to Ic «v^ cU»\>se s*i^ «t'^-^) ^^ ^"^^ 4

(^ Wi€T curves ji.€^< fee <rorv»^Uie ouHine, of lti€ curve CQCB^


'wvhi-?i?ct$ In F?"<?s. .fgx, ?aa- r~;?;7i ;
•*.

ea ^«^«s 4 ,
I'^^ Y"^'^ '^^ ^ ^«WU 4 Wan, n*,Wo^.

Sm^k en4 W /f, u). ?3 fl lA -^


, /o

B«tti «?HUm*e4

Hot. oulUnC- fw^ C '^ -'^


C

TTTj- r- - -r- _. ^ ' 8S « 7«W«)


^2ifCf pjTAMS OF UHIFORM jSlREH&Tti- lHO

cjltuwAiiidL mdUuc cjWen,io cow$.tlt«ie -Ihem.** bodies cf

s|f««i][UA cliomfcter, ide t<»ll6^hu5 ifvia^^ be stoic^i ikd

noTWdd sW«»* UviVi£ &ui€v XU^tes.


DEFLECTION OF BEAMS
OF UNIFORM STRENGTH.

2(|0. C/ISE OF §a83,+Kc flbukU wt<i<5e,bii+-*>^m^


>%^e'Wtcal ,U. Ij-lo^i:^ * ^^* ^V ^^^^ ^^ *^^^^

•Wife >\^ot\icut ot +ke gtret^ C6u)0$ ,«€^ €^$« (j6r) {6} a«ici(?J
S§JWC} a>iiiil3l) o[ fkit vito^t dkiYECt s^wice iVciU.W-
tWlmv^ Ha {^tm o( i<\e ekitrii^ cutv^ OB , vwlilck Is ^'^m-
"vifieiriftxl jCMfvA K(w cx.coYw.moii Ww^ekd tft B , wl^k -Hie cuyw

froM^ v^hicJi all vaiiabl^ have (iWoL|?^«(3Lye<l iiie le{f Iiam^ m


KiKvubeti utp
it Constant, twe t^xme at oil i^itiH
^t-Hie eUsHe eicir^t, Wcuee Hve UiHer U *Hi€ dure df a cir-
cle, U«Luli%^ a. kofls-ovk^ +avv^eK+ (tt B.
To |eudl -H\<» cU^UctiCitjd, at B , covtsiaetr Ftcj. Z(\^
§ a<? BEAMS OF UNI FORM SJaEMfiTH. I ZI

vvKerc d=: KB <x>td -Hie -tuU chelc of VAaiu.^ Bh


, '-^-j i»

av^ol .'. KB :^r. Oh TS '.

Bv.1- OB = jl,KB:rcl ana Y8=2jo

same ^^vcUvioi but |D^'bnt<riie (j?ayalUlo|5ilD6.<^.icAl hti^tis

sA^^Cj) K^vilwA +\\a so^\if>e dUuevis'tons , b and K^ <xi etii ^<?c~

Hovis cx-^ od md YiucWie , dlc-f lec1::5 an amotcwt


^^ ^' "^^ "SVp ^^^^* ottood P iw tlie imdoifp

£>|-tUt^ ^baw* Hewec +k€ IfliljeYUu:^ b«edm o-j^ flie }irest?Mt

i?^K CASF OF^^SI (PARABOUC BODY) WITH


Ij::!^ ,i,€. SYMMETRICAL. ?i(^X(\^ Re^^atr^a^k .

^'AortiOK o|- tit€ iieu+Tai li>^€ 06C. Fcm Hte^. -free \>oi^ wO

(ij^* b made vte^'^lMC b^ts^u^-se d^^ -f dx^ U Vie^<t^iv«,

Now c-f ilie beawi wer^ ji?Vi^M\<l^<c^ T, fkeV\oineut of

taknvi:^ 'Hv^ X -auK-dle>'lva4iV/? t.f (?ach mewber of (l j^aini


§J2<?/ BEAMS OF UI^|P<?ftlv(ST/g£NaTH- IZZ

To y)Wt •^liis \H+o +li« |cTii> C(»wtx4t^ i=fitnc.of(?L),

we iteedC oul^ dlvtd* -WwowiK b\^ jc^j^avmC *<^' l.-evitt^

W^ <iA*^ >*»w 4(1^6 ^^^ > - (Mcii-(imva.Hv6 of eoclx hxjiu-

(3* & wbe« X


, =.;;^l J -Hi* slo|)« d>j — <ix f« ^«vo

(C^-0 St'VveC -j^r X:::0 jVJcrO). VV« mdAj 1^0W ^(\ui ik^

dLwi U +wtc€ OS cjtea.i' £beU\<:j


-•2.;5fgtktJ ^*^ ^^ ^^^
§S,n BEm^ Of UNIFORM STR^NdTH^ I2B
^(jwsT-dui vvtd4k=^bj buV -fk^ htXaUi- h c^in-^^tini^ov^'r Ute^-

h. at >H\(ic^|>av\ . Tkt d<>Kvtr<»eHC^ o|^iiv<i iwo 4rui%ca"k<ji


vv/e4(^c6 f<inrSfnvH^ VV\€ nUcUte (?u<w^^ o{ liu heavi^ Is u\ek

awdL |>t<3tdHo (3l^\mqU l<>^fi/2| ^^ Te<^utre^i4o -^wi live e-

tie auXv€4 CB, (i-vui B,B j axxA. -fiwodlvi tlui def (ecHoh.
Tke toltciirK^ o| +Uts aiidtUe -folio w<n<i br^ Mem cu^

KeYe qWevv h vvoV owe o-f uvii'|or>n e'Wft'v\<:j+K.

2q6, SPECIAL PftOBlEM (JT). Fi^. 2^5". R^^^uWe^

CHAP. !3Zr. Flexure of Pmmcrf:ic


Beams iL\\det OBLIQUE FORCES.

bi^t- •tft^-ee. ^^kvviAl -forces will b«. (j^Yv|<Hfl<i "te £?we [jIau^^

cialjledt. *Hi« ^rc^-j^l(3w^€ 5Vuklck coukivu ilte o-m o| 4iv6 b^u

(\Miuee(3L bvj Hiteee ^Y^yy:)i 'favces will cu Uj^rg' ts^ (5«m-

Hve bcoYw \nUI Ue "Hreaic^ o^ uHck<XK<2j6<il t>^ Ike -fl^Jvurc.

H w'ltl be TememberCflt +k(i:* ^^^. jarcuiov.^ (mji^lmii?. tiu«

tkvtju^k VH 6^v.We a| cjToviK , ve-si-edl ovv 4k«, |(3^<!t tk*d v/h^


ix[v.^vivo\\ 0^ -Htc bj2<x^r^ k^vvv^ a <:jlve^^ ^'ecdtoKfXS one c^
in laci<.wdLt\u} su.<'^c€e t^ o^K^(d«re<i fr£€ Ike coid'i^UH
^^
AJ
'

L,

§ i?^6: y^ -i?>^^->r'^
R
§Z^A ^ OBLI QUE FORCES. /^f

luA^'oclue^ awvj o-f 4ke ejcferWl -forces, sm^e 4(^«e iw tii€

joroMevws Ye^l^Nnred^it) , w<we ~1 beam; bai- U^


"to +lt«

'^kc. ^Tofcl«viv$ o| "Hie )pr^9&^ cluV^W di^ck U ko1 iite

tvx. -^(K-t Nnoui Kov^ ov^X"^ (xv< yde^ ^ oeo*m€rn^<sXyC^)c\if€yijce,

^^ves vwWine ev^ifi ctx^ to^)yo^eci m (t-^WeiA. «ecttoH ^naviail

-hr<xl a-Kv^ inaWc^ o| +U ivcuivoJl oris itself, gluce 4k;s

5a^, Ci^ASSIFlCATlON OF THE. ELASTIC


rOR'CBS. 3KE/iR THRUST AHO , , ^TKES^ -
COUPLE.. Fi<]^fiq6^ U+- AkM k ^h€ e^-e^^uixi

d^H obUc^tA^ ^ttes . C is rkd eei^lr^e el qr^\\^ of 'f'^c

aeciiov^ eK-lsfl^e^i , av^i fiC "^^^ ^rtxv\W o-vi^ *! 'fc? -Ike

|0T(M l:^!^^^
CAk. Tke ^'(r^ste^ dxrK>wa oic'tic ele^i^hi?
(7t ctjfux ( fcJAck ~ dFj of tke '3ecHpK. c^\a.iU1' erf skean

(yvku^€ QiiLm J ^ +(i^ ^-o-tul ^k^jW ''j Iv. +k« j^tUn^ t-tikt
-r^
•*

tiv'e/sse^ booroJXcl io AK
cwJL bro J3orHcH{»l ker i-uhH of
ar«A. It3 4k^ dlU'kucee^ of fke dF'^s ou wkiek l-kc^^ cid-

%2q5 OBUaVE FORCES- 125

[olv -|<at*^v€. iiv.es € sHc^ses aVe ail fi| ck€ kt%ui ^ ad Ivh-
•siov. crc all coVM.]ar€J&^oK bwf ;-^ Hcc Heichra.1 (Wia ocetos

wHklw tii<2 U\M.vb of Hve s£xrKcm fUev^ wilt b^ o~f cj^jxr


^vW kiwis OV*. +l<-€. 4vvo si<i«3 0| NC'^_3 TttVOl«^k C V^i^

U i W eecHcvH i^seLf; ii will (itvidi<i +i^€ sfres^ -in.V^isi'Kj


AA' iw^ "fv\'o j&cvrb p, c^-M |3^ , aA<i will <>Kairk u,s fo ex-

fa vc^^ "H^e stress- Ik W-vsits itvf , 0"k olmm dP at a ciCs-

i-avLce -^ fA'o\n -fke g^BLy l ^ ^viq GC ^ iu. 4wvo j^oirfs; cni^

|5avi -HvQ ^Obvtve -f-or all cif^'s ,


Ihe o%tT <^ej>«iident on 7:^',

fact-al norma] sFress (m an^ <^ f\^ ^^1 1- ]^5^ ^ - ' VV


"J^i

For exatn^le {Vie. sW*:>5-irili)^5»1y {5n t^e ^ttre dt T., wKsve


z^ ~e^ ^ wV)'^ be *]^, ^ * - "ho ^ ^^^^ 't 1$ now s^e\i Uc^ we
iT^ay find ti'>e sTveSi at Ony (JF wK^c* Ip, ^*'*^
K
have: Wen f<>ar»cl . !"[ Hie. 4«s^ance a ^ T^^TvA/een llie neutral

andi c^raVi^y axes is cie^iviici ^ vve V\o«ve Vy 5ifntlar"trja«i/ieS

]^^:e C'C^ a. vot>evife


.*: t
^c ^-6 O)
It k. new reaa,ly S^e^^ c^ya^j^icall y JKal jki^. sTr^ss^ ov eW
^-.ralia l^lan^ AMT and A^' M^^ T'l co.sKD.le a u.^^

Uie " ur7;{t,rmTHRUST*>r 5»\>.piy lU THRdST ("rrv


§£^5- OBLIQUE FORCES tZ6
J I i^ also evfclcu't •ik(rt +i\€ j^Vilvv^ rvtUs'-c<?|ob |cYm-

— /4'M^T' , It will be ^kowm 4ita+ 'Wie^ « cjrou^edC d^^s-

e^c^vvsKKti* a ^'STRESS C}0UPIZ'\

In o(ea(iYu:f v/viHt +lic fre< bodi*^ KAM P{(|. A^4$ ,vv^

a($o t(u?e€ *7 io ^^e be^xm 5<xiwjt a.($^ $avvi tit^Y mc-


\nc:Htl^ ab^i some^^ "^ "HtUc -fiste^ |pt^we . ti^ Ht^s
aKiS d)-f rvK?rn^wt$ fa€ (3LC ^k^ {vc<^l\^^ -<Xfi^ o^ f(i.€ 3«?<;*

to tUe (3^<uu <jiv<<i X "1 +0 iH. L^i u^s $ee v^rfl^i" kuxr't

3e<? r^cj. 5(^7, wlticK cjWe3 weve^^ aeU^ view. Refer-


Yivu^ h e^. (A) }/u^ s€«? f(ujct
g

[see e^-C^) §22] But as-tW x.'s are me*6ux-d<i


^rovw (k a- flmvUN avis 5 mv*-«+ be xe>rp. H^mw
LD-ke SIX n J. ~
=
/*^^f T«BUSTl/M
of eiA*H«fT^*3=t',F { ^^ p(jL.L r^
/4Uo.

vvlvilc tor juOMtew+s aboict <i ^ee 6<J. (./Jj


T-r: .
•% r. \.,«ii... .f..i.. f re..' ct

ik^

OF THE STRESS COUPLe\ ii}4e>i ^iaMivj:^^ bvj nW€t?> cm.-

i).\^ e4v^ivalevvt« TM- 4kei€ ^M«dl ^+Te$^^^ <*^e eauAvd-

•'^^v: J^" -te'fce.^ +kes^ dc noV aMipi^ m £4*4>"^^^*' 2S ,

^.•( HvvC <!cv^iT«^ViOTA.^


\~^J
^^^ iiA. +k(\t sci 0^ yxt^n\\:\

>.f^in€ ^^AiDfVK. 5.-$ WA5 U4^/^ ivv -^OVWv ^Uxwte fcrM^lCkj^.

H'C>.:\.<\.1 itJrt^i^ is. ba^av^C^/i bv \ke iWuJ^ d\ ^ll^ +k^^c 1


rii^ iQUATtON FOR SAFE k6ADtNG,-H<eu,vaft

6r r u r ^ R' — -^ (7)

j^^S^a. HkASTiC CURVE Wrt» ©SUAE FORCES.


(&vj eU'i'fic 6urv< If HOW it#4lit -ttw. i$6uA s^ ^\m. iieKlr^?

(9^ ^vlILj , v«(Uj^« «^«^, 6H*tK« i|v«rt l^^-rita (=:obc) o| |ib€3

S^ 7 ^ f^ ^4,+ e^|Ufltl^ bNj all 5 ikt t<5c<xKo\i. 6| tli€ eeai"^-!

t^ woutA be 6^ de4€!rmt3%€ii fe^ ike $4te$« edible (sicyta^

KeiMil 4t? ike cUt^^es ]pYt>dLuci>ii:^ ikem , if Ike l^ce^ ^^

mAiirv u,vi^KAw«jc(i d*tA ike t«(»A4HieKi^ <ma4, skafHulu^


^% 59 6 to 2^%

3q3

^etvS,

Inn
12/^0 g. FLEXURE-O Bti^UE F ORCES. Uq
s^ (/CQ'lJ aaA (x^R! vvQwVdl ^^ 'tW, toA{\a^- t)f-e<trvaW<t. But

iivv i^f^#^vef b«Vwe^K £lpR OMdl (Jo*^' f^ v^^ «>>ux.UjkiH^

ivcW vsi^ e^ iUe, vs.vvUornH bull vverx as kcqk 03 Z2 OOO


lU. jtjer ^cj. lu. r^€€ 3 205J &^& w<?4i ^Ct^acl (i^G: bs'

Vke ^v^'vw 0^- S\\^ vyvOmeHb oj^ Hie erWrvioLl jotc.«sj hence l^r
-vHuicdlt beams vcv^^f ofaU<\u^ -^iree*, wewcj^v^ sHll w^e

610 -^ ; 0)
'xt ci-we J^nvi -for WZ (;^Hom'^.) O^VUe ek<&Hc ^^^•.e^

i!c]d. OBLIQUE CANTILEVER WITH TERMINAL


LOAD. Pt^. 2,^8. Tkc "^Vfwo^*^ o^ i4u. icm^ar e^^of

t^OA avui i>T ^ ->^ «nvo^ , Hk€ k^v^i^Hv o-f-tUe ^«rJ3^{rt.--

\im*.d +t> Act. [^I-f-


i5( vA/er€ v«r\j smixU ^i;\owaver ^ ii u ^^l-

i^e -^fejcj^Yi. (i^jLu^C'^ ^ H^v^i Wad J


'

ilu^^ca^Mc^ ^mc^vAlok (see e^^3 (A) and (6)) \k7


(6~) ,
e'^
,

Ux^i{e JDYct^ of tUe fiedien


ci?i^^4r::icl aske^r J, yuko^^
*

y^he^ct X-. p smo( (/]

(iiiinHS^^):^0 or

Von. O^L /Pic,, 2^ a) , ,ai^^ iUa jo^ , -m.e dye<>^-mkK-


s(Kj ucHv^. ouHx |i,loT€,^ (<xU -Has b e.om(3r^s:uon {| e --no'

X, \iPj^e +ke m(X;K. of [jo^ f |)^] vA/ul be uxlU towff wkf


(<'bT€ at L wU^ve X is rc (^re^i- as |oogs\bW, -:l ] /.it J u^^^K

»itox

H,i^>v^.^llvj t'A+ke tr^^r ^ifcve§ AlciKflj iU ubjp^.Y aiae eftfitf

erf- Hv^? vA^Jo ^f ^.wd H«(xv 0^ Sine* ikfitc |p^ is smcUl x , b«i*«]

.
d'ievv VHOAj be ^u.Kd(be-f0t€- re<xekmc( ike ^

^.^cint )iA(k€^.
'

1^2.' t^f
^^^^ wlxetre etKs<3(}tAfinVlvj it^ dtctis m lite vtA^
^i(?<?Ui?vv p^^^^'S iiivyix^k fk^^ oi^€v fibre. I m Ajiv section
abi;=ve. +1^ § teflon +ke vit^^Vral (X^^is is on-a^^^UvavM ue. v^

iAfW\ie OL ^^e cxxU oj "Hv^l beo^^i U tke U6tcs o| tit€

c^fvc'* lA.i'ulev UcxuLve, 4s olveitciM siuW, fi^w<'\/€<;tk<'

.^<?xv?e ^ke (evev-^arvw LR o[ P ob^uf J^ 4o be ax^^i-


ev bu 10 j^^vcevd. tkcK iH vd(u€ (::= l$iHo() hi'ft^e f^

TItC dt£.^t<2<.+tOK OC \Y0Ua, ikn Wu3l€U.i oA k^ ^M §

iWeU^ ,
pi^\H<:| P s>iV a ^|<^ +k^ P o| fU}. iUq ;
but

P6osc5( ^ II To the •favoj^ev.i' cd- L, ol lever axy^^oMA

3e<t.Uovt?i3wiwn€<?^!E (vtu)Kis,,)"^0 w^ k^'U'e ^


(more e?c-

(jurHv^ tkAK |rom c^. (.3) vAiUcK x- t)

(iA'V, Kaiv'e k^^ eKJoJDo^edL P re)^Uce(i bM ib cc\MboH€»ib


ti oaaA "7 ^ Hvc ^>ce<i -kuuj^ cd: L ^ee Fvcj.30l).
Bui evevi.(6) wiit not mve an c^caci uaX^^e |o\ -fo^ a+ Lj

ovv ctcooiA-vcS: o\^ Hve ^Tet?eHC€ avi4 !-f'VCV<xj:^e &t Pc^ol it-

ivA-^ . ITke Iywc yoliA-e o^ dl iu Hvi^ cas^ vwavj bi^ obhuv-


ed ^^^ ix wvd-vtocs so><U<xv \v Hied iwdtcaiedi ch \ke next
If
^2 q6 FL^XURL OBLIQUE FORdH /3^

if CLASTIC Oil^VC OF CBUQ.UC CAHTlU


7.

Vt'R'wiTH TERMllVALLOAD. MOHL tXACJ SO-


LUTION. Fov \{CKxlt\r^ ^)^4ce ii^e c^Ktilev^v a.^ va

teaee Ike vywn^ievc' o| P s?JUut -ike c^t^^^cv^ a^u o|(>.^t^

^v^ ?>Y
^^ b€/«tu\ » For a -^f^ ^^ On , h Wwu^ du^

l^e^ ^v W ^.tQ^^cij Ik ^\s 64u<3cKi>v^. ike ytc^kt rum4


number Is evldeniUj ($€c -ft<^. 5^^ <xvu^i3dw€ qwArrtvtv^;

~^WW l^ (X^ IV should U 5


-(oT EI ^' -^-t3L?c'^ t$ n^ccHv€

mu-i , (it y^M^- b€, vM^ IktfV- -rtv^ <X;hsX Is (xlvycxvjQ -h

X^ ^klftkv £^ ^eMx^Ve^-Hte NApefSlAN BASE ^5,7i5i^^

-k'pCC^cy. '7-- £1
^.- '/wivkk e - (cit^bM^ ouf^rftWe from Hie
tff ^vavH^^

Hr.v,-
C2.) jU.;, <fe(;4J iwlU f^:|<3ye^<iicH ^:

; -M.. UAvk^ic^ovA/n ^uaw.i{-K^^ caw. oHi^ b<i cLcc<>m^ii«fe;.a b..

/2^5, INCLINED )^Um WiTti HiNAt AT om END,

vv'hU iWt o|- lie W.>m^£^|?Ih b«4.w^ ^AHkvu>w!^. b^lrkiw a-

owb^^. Subp^miA ^Kir -|<exw.<€ «U^kV wi ^i^c<i ^it^^e e^^.-


"-' (-»nc<^ \u.-VW€ fUMrtA.^ n^xw-wtf oii i-w P'^'ob. / §37. k{

p '

fcuci j-Olr Virt. "VWyus t" '=^ h p ~


H Co'^^>
/

> , I. L T3 r cot 'X z e 1

Cn' ,(10. dC^ . rU^AK |tx)vk E (i£M/|iHii.ani-tf;x)


(iWc iiiricii -:::-) P 5- V; siHr>< ^ M^ cos oc ,',
f:>

*»*^^ .
^^r 3 f- jif>
6)
rr. '
.

( -^ ..... u T> / / 4

H^ce (f^, -^-f^) -for


^ecftft-u,s ouCe ^? qr<^^e<i- v^^koi. .'

J ~'
V^ co$ o< '-
Ho ^i>vo( - y P cos cx ( / V

c-^
(|>, i '|?jj ^U'^q tk^ beam. Pack .'^rduiak i^ hU^i
AA /fA
Ri^.3/0

mr sn

JJIW^
Fc^.3o8 % 300

raninc?:;

^
ii^

B/.i

Rouni «r\<is
U J
er<4s

}
all Ax^
.

,iJ<UHS- . pgAJi.

^iCi^^oS. Le^ tk^ btam bt c\ v'/y^u(^ki uciv ,


the |o{!vt

p - 1800 tb-s. KoM^lw^ -frcm VUe m't<^4<^ •


C^i^"^^^ ;i<^«itn.v

£v Itt^v^c^: aUo ^Vi€ wtax. hM ^[tocjc

^:^^cCuA^i{^^i^) P'^-lSOO Lbs,] F ~ 5^<^» m.; ^


^
.•
^

V;|j€i Du1ci( |ibre clos^ Lcvvde^ 6- In tSt^ icwcr rut'^^ fib^*^^

•?i?« -J.^-. r.vcK , ( It U here 6u[3J.}{?i-i^ci tl-.a-t Mi«s: bcAv.t r.j


;^''

'3i)0. STRENGTH OF" HOOKS, ./ivi £?rdtvtaYV| iu^K.

6
f,

it > Ui^t^ /^CiA-vvi:y:i 'i'>.<*i *. (, .wid tkoi five )n<i.x^


§5pO _,".
f L U X U K L. .O.4L licjU l:. ! CNL t:.
-
L5.6

CHAP.V! FLEXURE
£)F.\ONa COLUMN sr
365. DEFlNlTiaNS. Bi) '^lon^ colunm*' i^ vnauvl

% iwc cc^^4pxt:s3iV'<i' k'TC'C$ , one ai eAcMi eA-i^eiHilM .


aiidv^heiC;

w^w, (oY ^''fviU'') b\j bucKUu<3| $.ldew^\\-a ji.e.bMj |(f^xuvv ,V;-i;sh:Aci

<u;'lu-mHS K€e<i iw buUdoA<:js ,


Hie trnix'^Test^iow ^MQW-^bQ^ts

C'f bvldiije "Ww^sts and xu/;^s,avid. Hie^lieKH*' ut a Kc-sf.U^

Vio^k (it^ Ike 'pviViclj^M f)meHc<^l ^7cavv\]:>lC'6 cj (uuq ef(u)>iiis,

Tkai Hu^ skotvid be vvcak^fr iltdvv sltOMi bie^cks o-^ H't<; ;-jc:tH4-«

eats-gfv 0^ ?-l«vu'^£ J
exj:)eYiv\a.€Hi b«.\'vi(:j vc^*^ iavc^ets relied ni

30 5. END CONDITIONS, The shou|1K cf acaiu^^H

lu^vuu KOUNP ENDS; lu iU (aH^v o<i Koi/hMi i-


tX^; D
E!\0<.(.^r ri./lT BASES, cv S^UAhE ENDBV
^30:i FLLXUf? t . u Om COLVN\U^> /.37..

c^ cud ccvvdUtDits \$. D^i-civi^bcKfi^^ r^ as ^"^


PIH AND
SQUARED
ax^ faeivvc^^ vwvcck -ewuja^rakdi , I-f ^U€ tT>UvvAtvu| o^ Hie *-

A,^ \kels ex1ve^ili€$ ^ Ml 4 doiunvn is k be ei;v^«bl dered a^ '^ouicl^

Tke ''S'^torrt«v4 of tw^Ka** c|tk€s^cit()u o\ a. c^UmtVi vm\\\

305. EULER'S FORMULA. Tak'm^ H.« co^^ ^f


ct Tv^wii ' e v-vd^ cctutviin, Fic^» 313, tita^i^me ike i>*icWU
vi^ ike ievu|Hi o^ aw oric^m \nUW Hv« , <xvU^ fe'vvM^evcV it>

:Ut^ -VWi- wiVW ^A.s tioVaHDw tke a)cU IK viiMsi b<L U


Iv ike feeavR ^ct^ivi ike fK^uVt (313). C^K^ideriMx:^ ike
fv$f bcdv^ nC 5 v^/«? ru>H %ai Uie ske^w U :tCTO, tk*x'
tM^ „EU.XU/tJ:: . LONd COLUMMS. ipj

•^5A.b^o$e tV v^frlH^wnif |^r ecuiit iki^fvvf f


vc-iu whin

C)Kxd Kj cr Njj [dt^C F t«:|, 314) ^U^44i^ SNtit^ Hcfi SiVrK of ^

5 UC

^I.^-xPa,-P^ ^^)

JEL .
d\ [El dd)

(<5j f5 fk^ &<)maHc>k i>-{ rtt^ ei&tHt <^Mii POC pe^j. -^^is

c^\v<M \^ (xiM, be 04r.wj5ia<id for a.^\v$vL x oW wl6« wer$^?^

fiiA^fif'ot^a a h^ (U^^oM^. uvi P, f-ot m «ij, {bj wk^ii^ ^ -

i'^
I

\
f ,c(5. 3 16 to 3a ( % ia^ y. 13? § %/ios ^« *'^

\' ^ 1; R

P\ate4 OA^' Atii^l*^


^367

fj^. Sao
S3tl
3^^
PJ//Mt!^97Str/JlgMW\

FI3.321 fta«'
cAUKJi. LONu CCLuMl^j..>
C t !

0^'
S= Elir

^W^edl eolvun^-^ U\ ^^. 315} wHick wlU h^. tke. ^Mu^vn ci'i ah\^

I\\ t)\4€^ wc\rei•^^ l^ riv<?. ^T« \?i 'CSC, ilvoH t\ i-u? 54^yivV€. (*J^

b^ c.«?.t4H>u* lx. 'i^ovwvvvavti jarC^^ lore wiVk -^K^ lux.vi.cl ck ii\€ t<.b|:>^-v

ikn ffo.Qiu c<;'.('^j VHd^^ lo«. looke<i. u|.'ok d^o o^m\\^ iite BREAK-
ING. Load i»( a coI\a)4i^v w^U roivvui e-mkj avH^- 1"^ caU^cI

Rj^feft*.%^ wow io Fiq. 511 ^


li vviU bes£€K4iu^ i^ ihc ^Vw.:^

X ^^^ 5 15" , Vtv«?. -^incf.'s 'uHv\.C| wUl be as M've^r-o s,iw?>ivn, v/x '

•^hc |nclievi'ta-a ci auk -blocks cu^ qtcules /vviu^^K av£- vwiT^^ disced

'-erf >iv..j^-l^ (XA > iUs^jfcVuTav VHe'tUod o\ \:ixty^!^\^i\\c^ ik^ e-u^cU

{ho\s\ Vv^*v'.vvi(^ ,
fnd d-o ucr VTd-<^'< -^€<'c v-vUii vvvKcaI {(reecic-v^v] CA
-1:!£^ tJ:£2<M£_Jd)liG^C^iJJ}/^iS^ ^//C

i -.

aads
i
^.ijiiiis^^tl Tke^t^ ^i\-Hos cue Ati-

au^
0^3 J ^^^-^ tcMU^.ftd cx^ ^iviwf^ >k€ Wii^k'tK^, load t^',

^\rt<KH^ (evft (uux H^u,g qawec^ ikcl^


fcrf .
iv^ ^ke C!e.uUU..

.. i^^/€<a^^ cf- Vkv. (cad. aN^a H.^ ^aa:iU -.ccK^.h . bio ,A.lk'
. e()U^u,. tlvt U^r oi<'y\^ of Hif lixxa about \W nua^f^Kov^r-

50A.;:/ AMPLE.. Euier'. ftiVWiuU it ChUj aj.K^...nak


. V^^'^Vy^^^f? } \! V)Q<{ '."O K V'vH .
\^ aw QuX\n\i.v ti ik un
vvH^c ew^S <\>f^ frt>^: Vc fuxn . f4«4^^< v-vi u^?«' H%6, xx>v,^Uu^.

l~-3Q0OCOpO i)cn.,. ^v s^.lv.4:.K. The ciXvy^^^ivxx^

J - /;i
^^^ - fn A ^A^Jj^J r:
-f-f^XY' \i\C^M^i. I'Kek^.n .

305. HODGKmSCN^ FORMUUH FDR COiUWfe,


vu^>k a.c:j64^c^al fbYv-v fe^jm^'S u;u
(;
( for b^^<lka^^ ioe^d, ii-

^*pDK 6ci4M*v«Hs o( Itoh and itH-vtier,

VtA^e^^i :xs Mcc ^qwNfie of Hv<j Uk^^^. But W-odt^ ki v.s ^v^^ ^.x-

P. ^-
/-a Tr E.-'F
,

" "^
^-(c<-u.1)a|.

bi>vwi?in& dl|((f' ^(4<|HK^ jfcvu Hiosje- E^^ei^,


t>t

Heocjkn^soW'? -forwAuia*. cut as fclUws .•

Bn'^rtv^;^ load (H TONS) ,^ , v/^ . \3«^^\


'
^

'Pov :icUd scf^tarf cotuvi^ e{ cItv| ogk ^ f_lAi;^.giiifo


-/ S\ ^A ki v^<^ U<x4 \ v\ TO N ^1 i;

rPcr s>;tld sqwuc ooUnu\^ o\ dfv^ {(V , 1 gi - e^Kc^-^


{

d^;.v-, .:ovwcc v^lvx-i ik« 4t^niK<3) c^ Vke eutis . Tke^c -fdTWu^.;.>c


(!v^. vvku.U cl ai*^ b devtok -fde dUwuLkr ouv«.d wicUK, ai^^

form J
iWt. i.vvuv'^ fc 1^€' frw<J]pU)\^€.d oxt^ ^Jaeoiftt^. /i<r ih.
• v*.i^Hv<» b^ctx^vQ. •siualUv H^e vatu.t of Ike bredkivtA Uft<:( iv
%7505 FLLXURE. LOH& COL UMNS- ,._, 1^:1

Ih ^i^ck a c^e fu ^.x H coUvi^ ^ SHORT OOtUMN',


and tk,<: Vdtiiv^. PC isH be -hMea OS \W b^eA>tH*<3| bcic(, ll^'i^

i-<:.,1ke bY€^Vv\vvc^ Uowi is Hte-^ui^U*' ^| five fwo wu^:.'?, Ft'

pf 2^,4^
lbs, e<xi:J. J
'^'C<>H..1./ - ^f .^ ^^^^rn
^•A. vvK=vd\ "^iv€ covv^V, ^>i^j6 |e< c-ci^V iVi)h,aud ^3//. for

wvou^W , wvhVl« nX 1-7 fc^r &<x6V a^rl X


ire^v\ ^c '\tx vvrou<|Ht

3^6. EXAMPLES DP HOpfi.rof^ MI/LAB.

?VC'V^ \;^\h tA-t^sd a^ a Uvv:\ <KJlwitivh ^


h^in^ <x^€vui|4k c^f Ti

I.| w^ kujul recjAvd ^i'KvU&Lsi "b-W^ ^ec^m/voi ar^cv <y-f


>>&M,

M a3Vw«ri feUtk. (<n ^kovi Column) w<;^ ^kould KoA^e -^f ik


ooM^i |:>ree^Ve loo^ a1 H-u eiAj«\l« Irnu^ (^^ee itU?(c^. § J103)

iu^W"
3,6-5
i
A30 6 { L.i:zXUi\t..uoNa C^LUiVirvS.„/M
[lo^. 3.00) X 3,6^5" ^ 0.47?/- .'Xa^^^-^^-z.^^f^?;/^
TKf. a'»Yr€^[3CiA-cltV<:\ nuntfej^* cvy€ 6 6~6 rxvt^. A^^f '-'
;

::=337^0 lbs,

tUa^v^ iV£ ii>000 Lb^. ofcfcUv\€(;f fttvi*^ fUe '*'^h^rt block *' ^c^v

Vkiva y^ t\us i.e. , vYOwtxi he S2lO ib^. wk-Uc wHK jjiu-oiud-


jauiXT^ €v\ct-OOvul\Hea^ , we sk<ji4ctut£ one K(Kl-f jDT ^Jl| 5"" lis^.

\mt o( 3a'f>eVv\. Let dl --ik€ vwvkwcwv. diA-mefefv U«-iVi-c| fe

^v^c-k^ locui, wklcK 10 4d be ^ix. M^me^ \k^ ^\\^ak -^eJl^e lead ,


iv>

or

71Vi^ ry^uVV t^ |0^ fto ^ud^. Xf ^^ ewds w«r^ YO«*vi-

307, RANKINE'S FORMULA FOR COLUMNS^


Tkc forwv^U tkv5 ii-f
VKXwvc (^omaH^^^^ cAl\£<i 8.t^^*^^
aUo) Vux> (X <^iw$ wW(?A vw^svc vaHovtol baa is -Hvx-vi EuXii^^j
Viortlo^v ^lo\^ (P^* 3l6y^\H<i<' -five tVvtu*^ o^ti ^(^j^^-fi-^u,

cfivu|j$,) :^4>). Here |>^ dtevcoU^ Mve ix^|tJYvt\ ^es^iAY-?


(pv:r ifcv**t o( o.T'ea) dag +0 Hw«! t.cvU.|<?rw ^vi*>Bt,iUv<i jp^ 4W
pt€^^iA<€ ^ Wv^i(rK(^^^Y u»v\iV t?
^
Off<^) tu 4iv« elc^fic 4^c^

|)lav\e 0^ |l€*vor€») o( tkc 5«eU(m* Fl"? iK^ ]reM (kstCi o|tt^

Sjfmom^.^) nrO ^tv€^ Pctrr j[^ ^ _ ^?J

i^ii^t^ P^-i < Pa vnVv\W. ^jI^iXKd r^do M^fc-kAA^i^e ,


. .

:

bid
"""^'-?^^=ft
w\<^kf vvovM
iVU

v!olv€ -for
P
ft^-ibwMirc^

P,-calt{vi^
ftolve
H
f^ a.v»4 call if
]pr4*e,»d i^-ME

|ormuJ&
fke ,o^f< U^d,
w<k-\oni,'
^,

lH4v<u -Hvft br«aktH<^ load. Now

at: .-for J
ji b«A\^o^ <x\K aOjs+roL^H- vvu/mUr <kt.\i«M&^\ tw
vK^Jcnvwtva \A/e vHdW( (xbo wii>#
.
, -ftrr to uy ftwt ewe
1~ Fk" , k bemei fke raoLiw oj! ejsjitiHftn (lee § 85"),
HenJ« , fiw(xlt\j ,we li(w^c (roiv- ^.Q)

B-.| tke same reo^eniH£| as in § 30 3 ,f«r arouwt-e.d~


«d &<;LtA4-i,K we. sKb'sHK^* 5.1 ^ I ; j^t ^ /sin- aH<3(-

~ ~ 7+^/9 _^ ~ C^.
for «. r«t<H«(-ftv*derf coUwit) 'o

f3r«ry>k(vx(j) Uixcl for )


FC

vvlii wi<vv| Ht€Ye|€Y€ be used Im. iKcivv

u^tc: vvv Hte^^ ^Tvu,4xU€. Tkes€ are boL^^cd ou Hc<3((^


.

§ 307 FLF-XURE'J nf^a rr>umU'^,. //r?


{

Ca.^i X\o\x Wro'i 1-^c-u Tin\hi-r I

C h\ [b^ }^x Sjj^in, 80 OGO 36 000 7^.00


\ 1 f
S (abstract nurnbat^
6^00 36000 3000

eKJbve^ed l^ S^. INCHES oovi^jI Pm POUNDS.

30^ EKAmPUES. , U13 M^ KANKiNE's^ FOf^iVULA.

cVcs . WttU 4'^^S€ v<:xUc€s ; aW C! - 36 OOO (bs . [?<:^ 'i<:\.ni,.

^^ i^Z7)<36O00 ^30 744j5 ^-


(b.. cO
/4~ -J
2>6occ
0^^)i^.
^\1.615]
f^
T^% b^%\<3j ii^^ breAk'iv^ Uxxd; "five ^^e (ocui wuxn^ b«
iuk^vi z:-^ ov "^ o-f 3^7^5.6 tbs. , c>jOC^r%^ OS 4ii«

>tii.4!HLf€ 0^ which Ike eoU\nY^ is a rn^^tnb^t is ,jwU$c^id

• iV>s<r«C5 -^oT^vuxU 33 72,0 lb-5. was obVttxH^ Ous <5^ br<JaP-


i.^-^, Uad Ik i^is cdsc (§ 506}

1^ ~/6/0C. lbs. a-s break, icc^ (Jl)

H~'^'^^<C>d lbs, a^ bveok U^d /3)


iw l^v^Hi , v\ii\H rDiA*wde<i enrls, Hul-{ tb s<^-^c loc»4 i^^sj

fee ^Ix: loKc^ 4D\t5 ((.€ o^ JilUO tt^. <2<xck) Hkiv\<\ 6 <x$

"j^ cl^ , He^ce ^. C^~) q{ §30] beccv^es

fiver i-W^ biqtv(xci Ya4vc e<^u^Hov\;

5<?c}. KAD/I OF <iYf?AT(ON. Tke fdtcvviiMjk-

^jidLiws of (\M^ raHev\ '


of fi\« qivevv cro^^ secVicn o-b^i

b^ tive ^iAuiMiOtidiiHa>v« of- flie coIi4m.%ii. ; i»t. +kat tUe

<Svui (err bt (k) U c5< [;?iK-joUc^ tk-c Coluv«^v\ >iva%j >i€W

WW Am. ai^lAl jiilakui j:)A.s<i>^^ +kt^U;^U "Hie |3m ^ t


f Mte
bv Arii^« oj fk€ |3m A-^e ^rm w Kite
, a^ r€<:yotrti3 -H**"

UA-^lvv 0, j>iAjAt (>^)3i£,wuiicvvUr 4t) +ite Jsin c\ri^ xm^^d-


§307 FLEXURE. LONG COLUMNS W.
3n fte case of d iWux cell ,/llie value cj V* i^ stncUy Ivue
{or rr\etal iivflmtely iKui •, 5Ml,i^ iliat llit'cktiess <ices not e^cce^ci

*/g cj rt^e evVetior d/cimeter ^1V«C -jornt given t^ 5iiffic»^nUy ncay

i<^= i^^'

TUi K^cknijuUy Cell ^""'"^


^ " \x' •h + i,
^
!^ '<'= «

At^<)le- ivou of
uwe

Cvo^s o{ e<{ttal ayiMS j

I-B earn as a l^illar.

r^ t

'^ A-vB

Channel
Ire
, <^Vl^- ^] weio - J53 <7-J
(Unices V -^

- A V."c=^liy 'h»if^n^ e<i^e of {Icin<je to ^id^^lc o^ web.


A§m FLEXURE. Ljj fi& ggiyMNS. /M
3/0. BUILT C-OLUMNS. Tli^ '' t4mpre^-%m \nmkm''

^ko^v^ iVu rkj^, III-

bc^k lt>SKe^ Wvj tUt T^WvvU e^H^flo^H ^^^ 4<>e i^ie |^K

MoM^ dU^i*^^*^^ fG^v*^A.W k«3N*« Www. ^^-po^K>3esi b*^dfef

3|3 ma^ fee |^wv*4 h>^ ^i£ vUu &{ §%^-ii^ heeaho
;

§311 FLEX UR E. LONCL COLUMNS, 151

3(1. MOMENT OF IHERTtA OF BDiLT COLUMN,


EXAMPLE, 1% 15 I^To^o^ed +0 -|ov%w a colu>%i%i h^ ^o-iWoic^

-Hi^^e k>^e^vt*i* VwmaV b«. (slou;^ ,-{^5*k csuVe ^ c<?uciifNL c^^w^bg^


tWi -VWe Ud^Ut^ -H) -^wf<^ €U«jU b« ec^u«l \w^C (XkI&I pWeifij

I^ ($€€ F^. 310) tVs •w/avw^td' o^lv^f^ alb(?4^V rte web-

cai*. fee |t>*<wM^ W\ ^k€ KfiiMjL-boek o^ tk^ hr^^i e4jw^«%^ , k^^

i^H^i. x^ ^ ^ 1^ J
oiU >bfeii i^ - -2
L^i- FtB

>=yiBp-£v 0)

WcW UoiW+ X-^'e^w>^^Jil*"'n\>s. )t>^ Wee H.rSi^l


ciM Xy^v^. Co*..^ «^1i^« \\mJ^ book \«rc i^ -Huxt \¥i \k\$
bcA.v'»v X^ ^ l85'.4 biqu4Xii.. iH<»W^ av^i ly ^<J»A3 W
X
^
yfr'

y
figs. 3a2, to 32 6 Tcface p. li>2 % ^ 843 r<, 3if

lyjLiiliiiv

l^ick"! :5r 1> - Ji I


IXUS
"

' "• * " "


— " • "
' > »

As mt ADDIXIONAU EXAMPLE. , :su^)ao«€ Ht^


wo I-b^e^j/v*^ vwviitV^ b\^ )3l6:tet» VM.s^e«3ui 0^ lattice. Ld

3/5. TRUSSED GIRDERS. WkfeH^akoux^

^!i3ci^ ) Taki^-fW Aa^« of uw^f;rm U>et<ii^n^ ,(t^i Ua<3t ;?W)

'•^•e press tA^e |»ei-v>««j<2yv 4k£ po^v ouvui Hit<j b^a,wi H s P'^/^W
>€(2. §^273) y^t^t bv^ 1iv^ ZI7 (?j -forces {5f€ -fuj. 3^)il^

r^civce \A/<^ are 4o <3oiAsl(ie< -Hi^ lv«Lif - b^au^ BO a^ <3l*'j^w»»-

^^'^
/^6 "W-fo^^o^ ^ as well ci<5 (^^ \2or\itr\^ o'-\ dooh-thiA^^vi

ivv d.fxA^ert)M^ s€^-VioK , 0^ (^t-tjv2 also §173 a^d Ft a. i 72)


§313 FLEXURE. iON£.COLU[V-N$. 155

Here I - IW^ te^i^rife.^ ^S » Fi^. 322, e - tke cU^

EXAMPLE. If Hv6 ^^ants 50 ff . ^ ^360 i^., tfc^


<^"tvde^ a
iv-ck VieAvvj I-b€<x\u of wrouxjkf ir^n^ HOO^,
J5^

H rke x^4l, tK wWdcU e^i^ of /^ - iKcUe^, F--2C> 7^


s.?aHvd^Md k - 3 5^. 3 s^. ivu^kes (lais:cv. -^roHt -Hve T^wUi
,

C^^s Kawwi-bookj, rebutted HW ^<L|e6xidl W, Hic sWt<r

rr-k-rVAK. atioWAfol^? C^W^)3r«4$tOM. Sf^e^S, W^ Vv(5M»^e fryvv^ 6<^.(|)

if. 3^650 lbs. besiiifis tive \«eii)ht of Hte beam.



[Let Mi^ ^HMiewct deSKq^\HieVie\0ds[akK(iHie^hriL:)y
3/4^. BUCKLING. OF WEB-PLA'TtS IN BUILT

tK(r< sfef\f \^u\k web Htxi^s ivi btUli- beawis ,^<^ccaas I


b<2aMv« awv<St box-^^irders , /^-^uc^kt i4,e£(i ft) b^^K-^^^v^dbxj
rtv^ti^u^ T lroM3 OH -Hie «'{<tes of tk^ wei^ .
(Tfee ^/rt^fefs

kere 3)ju;k;eM. of A<re korlxoKW owes ^t*^ al^ vvu<\h1~ b^ i^^


-^€1" e^wT^Us^ (X- rai.Wad<i- over O^skcrt -^l^ixrw o^ ^t, h^^OjeiA)

cuM will vusw toe a|lv«M..


Ih Tii^. 35 3 w^ K(XV€ ;,
free, ct ]^iH^ oj (j^loev^t P

~}\ r: tk^ k,<2<<^{it o(-Hie^eb. Xv^ sack A beawA. uit<i<ir

to^ ^ -two e^|:?ps^ s€cHcvte . Tkere b ^^xp^o^<^d'^b^ -iit

Uoci o> -H/u^ ^riiOK o^ Hie b^^jti^^ , UeiuJC H^^ sk«a.rs at"Hi^
Iwc? c^s cure e<^u<il . Now iite^ ^k/e<wr ctdHwc) bo.Weei'V

H*.^ webj i^^^^e i{ Vk<a web ato^ie^cf Fiq . 3Ji.3 ^ii5 sIiktwh

to war ;p<i<:^<es. Each, of Hue-ac -- X ^I'ne^ wc l-uxi/c itsk««.a.

Kcrix^THftxl 'IfeJvoqHi k -n keir^kt of Web. X^^ ^Hiis ^^r^^SiU^j


^3h^ flexure:. LON& COLUMNS. 155

AC ,,
bv^ rrea-Hvc(^ csuS |r<e Hv€ ^irv^ AC of :SH»all wl(iHv~'b,.

iirecHoK. cf ivs U-iL^tU AC o-tt Hce hxrrv.2-4>H^r^(H3i*«4«Hfcd*4is

o^vwe. w<cb >>UH^3^ Via/ivu^ avaUjue o^ k^ ^/^l^^ ^"^-^^


g 30^ ) , aud wtH\, |iVeo( (ot fiart^ e»uis K«>vw I4ve su^a of
,

Hu^ b^rMUxutl (ufii^)pe\L£*KH of tk^iwo X'^'s at A 1:5

zr-h jt^VJ , a/*/<^ -Hie ^KeoiJftY^ eWc«^ (tk W ka<5 a^\*t.^r^'

o=-s7^ - "^

H»As ;^wvx , Wf H\. ^oct cw4/$ ^ would b«


^ -i^tlo, 36000 ^fOOOhl,

POUI^D -:A,wdl INCH-) .

k.<vaAs ^^^^Aoi fo Hj^Cti*.* dLe(3tiv, cf web), aUw^ tiui+ (mj^-oI

EXAMPLE. Fi<:i. ^Z6 , Witt ^rtftevtlvu^ ^ie^c'S b« t«<^^


1.3 ''-^_ EkrJ<URL.A.ON&C0LUM {VS. /6-6

^. — 1^~ - ^'^'^^•'^
'
~
c^)

ISOO ^s/^y,

HeKe sK^^ewi«^ |>t«ce^ will be u*C(i€<i H<ay-i^k£ <*«^fe,*-


ihes cf -Hve <^iv(Ae» . Also, s-Ihcc Hve aU«u- ^ HUs fic»e o^

w.U b« He€«Uc( e^^K e^d w^


frrm. k <x dlUWee of

CHAP.3ZIL.
Linear Arckes (of Blockyvork).

5/6. /^ 810CKW0RK ARCH, is a^imcWe^s^t-


VVvP rcf^v^itwce +0 ^miiiit^^^iov^
of-iV3 'bl(^c4<s , or vousgiHTs ,
ii^ v^^o^t^i vs/kich,si^.UA^stt^ or briok,
()f ts kcV s^+^
% 3tS' LiN£A(2 ARCHES. 57

ory , Syrn m dry ^f -form c^c^i

ear arch ^
wVuU veWv^^wy tKe saive $kaWs ^ ft^etir <^ej>Ik V
To tVie "fxi^er 1£>«v«ld 0k5$ur«ied »= unUy iKat it tv%a.y nol a)»-
pear inifr 8t.6 fermiAXae.. \K^ jo^^V^i Vtlwcen H>erv\ «y< "1 lb

3l7. INVERTED CATfrNAftY.^<^i^^^£AR ^^^H

&\€ i^invl^ly Sivtd)1 vou^^oir^ t»Vva«€ w^eicjJ^i^ uMJcvrM^^^


d^^VtWii^ akwCf iHe CURVE^>Aye\t|Wvv>j a lbs. Wr >unm»i:f
*.v\\Wiutw of 5u<k a. iCVutctuvie^ f^ S2Sr\^ .

cuiuliV)^

cl»U<?nS ^\ eqUfclwY^CMn a.Y»: i^*


^ Tl

We«r\ CTn^^v*^ m^yexevH vou^vsoiyvS «dL a^y J>«r»^t '^^j'^f

1he curve nuA.st V< TA\AQ<nt to me> curve »,


-^n^.:^
^ 3V LilM&Af? AHCHES S%

wUUe ike U vefl^cal "fovcescict

f|;ie a;!:U IXl. ttevic^ frie cht^^.

wind 5^ €qw-aliOvt iS

-'X ^+c=~e e'^-i'.e


J

_ oa^ ^S ^fa|)<^fl«ln Ba^e . The Vai-a-

b^^ 'pUttm<| X= OL 'Hne lici^f S^Joiv^ ,^«ct «/ = Is tlie "J^if,


]K«n. ^oVtw:"( 'for C ''<3;y 5i^<;€$siv<: aJsj^+oXimaTvinS , Tki£

'VsoYaoyilc.( TKri^it^oY H^ , iS — cfO ^wKiU'if S •= W-itli,

•V 16 T

WsH <;c<Iev%ay^ curve ^


witnTotvits "^ to TK(xt cut¥€ diM«f( of

^tt Uc^
33!
•q 3f LiUSAR AHCHtS. ]j1
3)%, LIN EAR ARCHES tu^aev GlVbN LOAD) ^aQ.

^
PROeit ^A. Cjife<i tVie fovv^iff H-ie Imisav ayJi\i
^-C'] .A iS >ei|uA^er}. ^^i*! li^'i^ Hie Taw cjf v/sprlicaJ d^|ilH of )oad^

f" t <2 , 33 2 ..^ >j ?v' e v\ ]h e c uv v e A S C


l,e., me linear a^-rVi vlself jV^c^ati^Ciflt

ike' {n»Trv tff t"K6 c^we HON cv

^^XL 1ht )\K)ea\ arc\-\ ABC ^K«*<^^ bc' f^i.

ateS 21 T?^VvAjeerv H-x^ two jmvv€$ tf^ ])rob«Yl?ona/ !o Vne


load l^g^—h^ ^^^^'^ ^^^ ^^^ *^^'*^ • A^^a'rv«<^ ou lit^.UKt rt'l* U^:*;/

z at 1t\e, Crown ^oL l3lea':»iAye ;»


lKewi ye:c^to<.vv«oi tKe z c'f^^nv

'brobiem iw^^W lae solved n-tec^'vcwicaUj t>%,' ckW^i^m-cv^A^ \i»ii

Rj 333.
«re Kurv^' ortiev lifcavvj ccy4^ <5kW»

wVie« m ecjr wvliort 44ry» ,


J^^ v»Yy»«(Vi: ^
kAC|lV>5 of rt-vc t^^^^ ,<!^vt4 tKe*^ ]poiVNi5

o re
'

^-3ift HNi;\R hRCWf S 00


Ti«ci>
•y .jom1s^^4icV. br€^^ eX^rUil^c:^ HiYusI: T ajam^t t^t'orl

fn e<?»JuVibYiut>-i bv^ }],e

<:*^^ liie /wo tH ru^ls "f

'"" "^ "' sK<?ws Vke^mt A free. Fv-i?*^l'Chey~

I $n\ 5^ &
TKat»f^*UfV 9 iS li-^e S<xn,e ^0, c^M \^^^
Voa^T .7,na h#nc(? ^, H^ the itnTUstc^t
i>K. crown JvK^e Hu: ^^a f$ Ui,rti.o^t.
ol (if anvj iHrre),, Nence

.N^. a.^ a UW mfi 1 to T ana wr.te ECcr^Uns, ^

5i» 9 Sin a

rni,e li. number qruJ H.<; lea.^ Cot^^^xu^uS . lack v«) Uc»«.-
= as <ir. e1e.-..l 4 tKe ^„.«v «vcH /?
. ,5 tk* «m\e Mv,*«
Rvc c..,.c.lw. as e
s ,
,. IKe <x^^e W.een lU ^«,^,r

is'i . TU IS Fw, 336, vf ^ wewkt ,ff a 1 W


;.

«{ tt.. \.«a.. J ,
P =^ e ax (• Tl{e lan..W
<^ «^V o^^

t) =G m,
%9l8 kJNfcAK A^'CMES .

Ifiv^eer. two conseculwe Un^eKl 5 r, j

cuY^raWf) Henct £<!.(«) Wcc,,^ >

ds
^^ax. J: ' ^

/
Z = V
m
Call tke >Wiu3 dj Ci^vvatuYe at l^e

(^)

a p.m. the Imear avcVv wKev. IKe


.-f W?..n{„. ,s v«v-

fov m^fence ciu^d not i=. us.d as aU«e«^ c»rt%


Sll ClRCiJlAR ARC AS ^(MBAR ARCV(. As-
.^
let us a|>^.ly e^, (i^) t, ^ ,i^^,^^
•:">C ^'^ '
'f'?-
^3 7, *» a !;„*«> av.1,
^>^ Sirxce for <x cWle p .^ cor.sUhl«...ii

^
^= ^^ Sin's
^^-^

Tlie linear avck) v.'MVi 1lie verVeal. ' '


%3.H LfNg AR Ancn^S }6 2
Te {^ iW ae{>^k X % CONSTRUCTION^, l^avii^

**'
^ -Z wfS ^5 I.e. ^z:: ^ . ^.e/P,

3^4). fARABOXA AS jUNcAR A«eH . roa)^-^ e^.

/=
^ ^^* ^
J ^ Jhe*-f»^s -(e* a>. j^
o^^^ 5^<»h4 4^^erp*>tai ee-€Mt^cv^r»fe ^ihwiMe^Vo*ti tH<. «ttut-.

^'" ®
At rt*e v«t«, e ^ to'
.

5 3510 UJ^^Ap APXHtS 16Z

:^-2^ =: CONST A?^ 4f4^?3fl (7,)

izdrui^ . TV^*^ re"=?4-L)t mt^kl W\re V«cn

^.^ untTCr»w4^ 4f*ir^i>aW Wr»:2.£*^Ictlly

321. UmtAR ARCH. FOK AGv^t?^ c/F?£K tONrooR


of )j2APW$^tVi€ arcVvllidf Wm^ IKe unknGwH\ff\/Jc am-

W\U W in ex^M^tbrnirvt uyu3.ev tKe loai/Wv^eevi ^fs-elf avui th^t

1*^ ^ 15 Qjv^Ti ©r CJt'&suJ'^re^:! . Z


il^ru^ ti** art. JVj^ Te^^<im€: OT'^y^^
c\ iht W>-t^r^es WAf avJi BAC
A* Wf«ae J
rtit l>auRin^ jS 1aomcx:^-enet%r5 So that i?wy ^httWhs

Curves. C ^-^>^2^ tfrwrVnesS 1 To )j>o^cr^ Mcv- y^\Q . 3^1


J
Imeav arrh a*^> Two \ti^ks ^r Cowstc-
cvuve blociO& 1:>€ar\m^ at %t\y juv^c-

s-tijW-
of A. cui>ic urnt of t^e lt0id'

1:1
I| T ou^t^ *X^ 0(tt. %t hr^^h
)

'%3^\ HfiEAR Af7CHeS 16^


€X«"rfe4 on Utft^e twvj 'oi0^<y 'hy Then* n^t^'^orsQ^^''^ u«^^vStd
y^xrrt^'si} vtfss Koivf: iKc "Iki^ec f^c^ ^^,T ^^^^^ "^'^ 4orMm^

:SY= '^^ T'sm^'- Ts^^f = dT ' (2


fr<frr» {l)it o^^e£r^-*i thai Tix^s^ ^ cctnsWt at oil bo Wi df

Sulo^sWoAliJn'J -from k3j m (^3 *^^ oktavri

But Wi- 3*^ \^ 1a^4>*^ i£ii£ ^ C<^^


o>..^!i^()

v^/Vilk dF= K(x*-f :2*^3(lx. "Het/Kie^JiuS^ -jcrr rtrnveniev^ft

1oa^iui^^w>ioS« tKoitH^sj - unity aA;t/ wk«s« wei^^i ; Hj


w.We
Jiil^ J^r^^^/) .• ... (5)

iS to be- Vn er{U4Vib%»um under ttwi lead (acW^^d ^-efweev^ U-


6€H o>*4 tl^e ^«v€W ciAVve wKoSf? ordma]>$ are -z'^f^^V SV<>*

32?., EXAMPLE CF PRtCHt))MQ. UPfER COHVovfl


A STRAIGHT LIME. F15. 341^. LA Ike v^^er <wxSja> U

iHS *^

'[MH'nis
<ff t4?

df
.
4'

ON .
Wtw»kr5 2 vo
Hence ^\»
<^ at
^C
<s}i

]>^rr.t
% 3^2 HMEAR AF<C'rlES '
6;S-

we ci^Ta^'n .^'Z ^ r _ A, z<32 . v , .. C^ J

Vh.i Wm^ IV^-e of iH& z,<Jz^ aV ^^-^ <ix 4ea<^ e,'-

•bomt w av,a ^»»t "rtie WW sj i:'He "teft-Vaarwi tnwWr* of

diZ^a %x^.

-A .
'^fel (7.)

X\us curve \s coW^ iKe T:^AKSfOpMf BaT^W^^-V

a. w-ere =^ ^ tKe curve wocaW Ve a comrr^ot^ <;<aJfcio«ury.

%VK TKe curve <jr Imeciy arch, ^ r>om £ij. (^^ v^e Wave
^ -j^r^. LlNtAfi A8cH£S 166
X
orta a.
t
(to)
00 mn 1^ ^
f,«>«S
'1
C^ll VW arexii^A^ Af5 fey rt>e ftrr**-^s ««t %t
ii|{crent j«v?^S <!r{ tite "Uw^^cscr orA See ., Ft^?, "^"f 3^w« iu:o/^


•L&i
^
0'
r-T^t :A,
*
^-
I H.I \
^^jj^ ^i any j<

^*^'*^''^
_35S. KtMA^^KS.Tk.jo,.-
q^mC' TreSuUs tvva;y be uti^irei \M\\h arcKes C^ ^\n\\t div^fn*

ttonS of -fricrvon and iKe re^i^W^^S cj tUe marer^al 45^ ftif.

v^»u.SiM>rrs ore T^e&erved ^or a ^(^ficteaiyx^ ctva|>ter^ in vvHUk


v*^ll W a^vRnr(?ri ex more jyratTlio] iKwsry <i<:a\vny W^rti at-
^nrtjytwol'e linear a^eVies cr eoiiiUbnuin |><jWy<?ws a.s t)>ey

vviU then W colled,


S\A1 a sWw
arA^s o| 6:^a«[ linear
\*i v^uuaiale on mcmv otccx>ur\fs "&^ Wertii'-i^^ l^e \if>Aay<:rrcKt5
.

St 'far yr g&a-^Wd v^e- Hove Hie ^imrs a^^sumea V)>^ [lejt^Ue <\wi
ik\»^l^v?5M>\e cords, Iccudeci m lKe s^jmc *^<^V »

CH/\?TI!I, £UeT.ls4§RApKlCAL5TATrC5

3^^. DEflNiriOK', ^rK many re^^j^eTs ^r^Wol yn^t^


6*3 VuAve aiJvanTa^es <?vcir tVie ^uye\N aruad^jllcal . wWitix re*
Ccrr men i lUtir »^^^ '^ r>v<\trvy ^sWbletvis w;KeY« cel^r^tY ts

At^re^ v/irticut refvned cMZcuvocy. One o| lV»ese <a4^an*

1fti>eS \6 \WaL cpTpi^ errors are t^ove ecii.iV*f dererfedyCivKi


i^
>).red.creri tit .:2.QWrce.
Glw;iitnAL STATICS. feH,e s^n. 4 a^^^^

q Cc^ic res«Ui^sk^j4 W mlevl>reled k ft,& same s<«le

!5 ih€ U^,s tff all cc»^rud,on^ fr MmWnms and res<,}v-


\n(y jsrces.

336; Fci?cH pciY^OKS ^^ COHCVKUm fom^


^ee fisrces T P^ <^ P^ C**^ IWe same ^a«^ ef ^m^^c)
R^^.a^^^anjr cue of Ihow ^as P, ^
tnast W e<H^) and ot-

/! / 3 off to Sotvte col^vev^U>^t sccJe aVne m ^^q^Z^$'

p^Y ^^ re|:>r£6ent T c,^ ll to ^ m Fi^. -3*^?

mKst "be ^c^Md


-p
^ il to :r^ ,
srvice tkaC V«n%

_^'^ -^c OOSe Ike hr\cK^k •|>roi,€rl/ Ike d^ecticv-iS 0/


%32b ^iJL^„„^1^^^^^ ii?--
Youfui the i^^inj^Ke.y, Pi^- 34^6 j, coaWd oi FO^Ci: Poi^-
^ON 1 c-j ih^et si<ie^ arAj m Ums ca5€. ^_y means i)[ »t., w-r
<^n^. ^^o cf u^e ^t-iec ]<>rceS wK^ V,ol3 tUc 'hcmt \n eoiuliha
uni ii-^e tkiVa CAn W "fcvATv^ btwQ t<lu^ on^ \\ ic llji^ *»«3c

rcC-^SOTv^ 1o close* iKe •forc(t bo'^y^en.

^H-lj inttst clcsej wVuilevev Ve iKe order m vJWK ^U SH^e-s are

p
"^
%3^6 '
f^^j 3^'y point O. If P ^e.j.^

16 t1l€ yjxkucNAJn force wV%fXi is Ig boW^^ tfcc ellier ^c«r (^t*€„

sS iK<tr an1% > e^a^>^a^n t" L wc draw jKe Sides oj itie jertt >«iy

4^c.n {rofvi A roK^nei \b 3 ? iV^n tKe line BA v-€J:>iftse5'jU ft^

r<?^ta>tc! P m oriMJunt and iir€<i*n ,*»h<:C IWe anoi^^ B/\tt»4»st


{olU%^ tire cs»r«CintA4(y
«f
Uie #rt^evs
^ ^4«l fc Wti} F«"^^ 3^f7
J-f iKe ayrow BA w«ve Winted at ^e exlret>iiy "B^ IKch. U:
c:;ive':> cbvicoAsly ,
Hie atnaunl and dvrcAon </ ike xeSct.il:ir>i. <ff

Tern 4 CONCURg^^NT FORCES IK A pLAME fS m etjuatW.

32.6. K^M^ CONCURRENT FORCES i^KpLAj^f. G^i^k


a 5;^ Stem df nai«-<c*\cucyr«Kt -{brcts W\a. \>Unc, ocH*^ en c;?."n<M"<i

at«4 «^rn.i'H resuUont ; cU^o c| €x|>"»'CSSm5 conattiljns <r[ e-

di^^«Ucvi' i^*\<d also m ^55jl*i>n C^-^* ^"^ l»we ^ curfionmuit be


^AekYmw^al). E-g",i F*5, 3^& ^rv^A;'i a curveci rvftd Warn fix«fl( ?>t
i. V t5€ at T, anc' aIsc unde v tKe orion of {«.*rtc6 |^ P^ P^ a<v\
.

^'^5<i <^KAPHiCA.. SinT'f

S^ Hit r>v\ii -+^

Wn<^^ <x^ <U/ain <Jmwr>


*.
W ft^", 3^?.
-«-»
A/fiw
,
Since •
^c ^
^
<»^Tinft in Sk ine
\ / C...F 3--S . 15

'f
r^.... i\ .a ^i^vUv
(C) ^*K*t a 'for<r f?^

"Wi ^K »t« oppcs\r£ a»v^c^tVn w#uii )>4«»^4K f ^.. "P^


TH*l i^>c V<^ P,
^l
P^ ^4 ^^ ^^ ^^^ frtw

(jj li^> ^a*<JL iy%akai^ <^^ -<>Wr


i<>^^^-^^ Hi^i^^«^--
% 33(> QRAPhicAL Statics 170

"KftT v^rt!^ ^i|. 5*?0»

[<?<e«r ]f?e)<^«^<}*i (Qia^Mc^) ^^^ msc. Mejfl nete iVjat ov: ^


i! !© 0<»% ^«4i wit C'V; Vnfe If Iftf fctff <^«ijt«
>i4s W'rt* ^iwim (tiveW!»»iij S%€ KAY$ as lUty ore ^^^^Qv.

1^ alun€ fife 8 t« 0« 1i W#**€H t^ oi ^Ofme Jwami^'b^

ftp If t<, Cc* W^^ Wc 1W r^^«*Wei W o{ 4r1»en ©t R*

Oft^ Vtk'h Wt fwo 5<^>T^gvlU olo <XV\6 ^ ( 4t*iK1Wc i»*»€v


<J
ClJRf^£KT FORCtS iw a Vione Nl is nc/ces5ary -n^l only
llaat ifs lOYce i^f^^^££J2 n-i^^^t clcsg ^
buC aisc fhai. tWc f-^t

-:4tail c<}> ]nctd<^ vA^tm trie re^iJ^Tanls of ]ht -first Two -jorc^S aw)

0^ ftt V^ Iwo jor^s t^c^^cWely cj{ tKe* System. E.^,


al-. c6- ^>^cV^€i v/vAnx tVie line tf{ out ion of ti^c rtsulVbhot of

c{ -f.wces ni 'tVie -{ofce ]^<5Uat3n ^


or dlvffer^nl ckone tjf a X-^Lh
O, 'Bui if me or<^ev c4 forces Wjokcn a^ ctbove ,
£vs Ihcy .

;>CCUY aWx:] flit Warn or 'sfruxturf. ^ cirui me ]xie lakevi ^i. fte
j>ail''of the flT^t for-ce in» tioe (orce ^^^oVy^oi^ , "Vhcve VAF,U lecrt-

\^cpC5 (^a^ !kv5 one wtU U c^^ tke SPECIAL 9Ml-

'Vru^ImeAr arcl^" ilc 6ea}vtiG ^''^^ ^ stone a^H . Aflci- IJi^

PvAYS Tc^tlfid m hi. 36 [^ Kave Ween (xdji^d., y>y ^]^c^rni^D i]nt

boi^ to e«xk vertex vA/xHa. wKci^ it u rwt ^auvcajy conj^^cled


rKc jii-^i f<^ure Tvvxy V«- ca)Ucl \W. fire^. 3ik ^rW -

It YTK^j i>on^li*n^ V<i c<mA^Kie»»t to ^we ie viA«vwi «] '^^

in v/K«'ck Co^e rt\e •ffrsi ari3 V4^ se^^wevits <5f


tW<^yrre^|3o^

Hx^se forces \^ ^£^ B-PACP- D)^GRAK Qas we ^n^ c^^l

^rc:e< aii» TViiS^'^soxd Auj^prrrvi sVtows Ihe real fveU^cuC.


Wn ifj Irit -forces J wWJle JV^ (o'rc(^'Ala;J^rctT^ _,wKtcW vwca^ We
%\acec m civiy cov^v-evii'ewi |)o*^Lon 6v\ tne 'W>er sinews ^
llie

ev duau:'>am , its \\nes Wivu^ tr{lfiy^>reitfd o4^ a ^»CC^ d( sot*<a.ny

.Lr=. oyIoviS "to tlie inrk <5| kai>ev«\»ri. the s)3«x<.rdU3»a^-vt;<iai v»ye

ci-tJit wirti a- S<rald ^ S<:i Vv.^.v..y


f
eet to t\u. \ncVi C^ halter
^n^ QHh?K, STATICS 17^
closadl -jwCjC ^oU/<jo«. tc toicn as a V*^^^ ^"^ 'ray 6 4irA»«^*i |rom

ei^\%pc4^^ia art«wv\ m tWc s^?i*Cc diagram iKc -fi^sLani lost

tf?^ loM. "^ov<€^ q^LCcr<iiW<s to m£ ord^v aJUj^fctd. (^or wtrii }f\e

TteWlWtts «{ {Ke first two orni Wt Iwo ^ (f


m<>v< Co>»ve><i£H£

WAVL . Tnt ^va|>K4C relation^ jtxst {otjLrx^ tnoy \?e tMoJ^


"fee TYveatvS rf 5<Hvv«)ff WoVlcmS mvo\vmy n^«-(^vicuTry^nt j»)^-
tc*> m a )fk&rte ^ ^\\^m tWcre or* ivia%t tnree uj^kkowh ^aan-
tvU'c^. A ca^e
cat^e. i»
l> now taken
n(?w l«r *ijWiiraUi«
MK-en \* , fiV 35 X sV»ow5
a vo^ Viin^edl «t O Wn-
. ^ .-1 X/Vi^ yerric^aj wall oX ~3 ^

Hxe f K&r 1 jontc^ ) fit •

^OIA J
i i i4cp ram Force. iiflu^wkfn urc at ^ W^,
PH:
<iir&eli<5n arv^ Wvvtc reJJixc^d ^ its co^M^^^ejats \(\ "kMA^wrudi*
yecWvs. "V^ fr&L su]>^05e t\6 l^raVUm t^lvti, cfradikkal'

\u j^ ^^ to U^-^i^ of tt>e Wsst mettuKi o\ dteRnrnvw'vv* \Sfc tiw.*

"hWs -in ^f*e dtxcjnr«xmj ccmStsfe <^ U^^es Wd 4{| €V\3. to

«rfccl , «i»*d respectively t.o^J^ omA H (I^ scale ^ ^ H^e ^orcci


% 3^7 <;r apk. statics ijs

foTce V 3 «ivd tKc arrows tno^t )iaMe a c^^tTinu^us scnks


^mt \c
^
Wn^«r«*m^ U»€ i>o\^y«o. For Wni elosni^ ti t«iLt

and ct>^^ in AiVecTt^n * olw) T^ v iS e<ji4al »«« uirw^^^ui^r


tc S, + S<^ ,<»**d. «^^*;te fey tkafn w« ^r€cL<>n^ fCorre^*

Kc?i* Connect Q^ ^as a. *^€ , witit oAl 1^6 Yeyt*icS jdff jfcl

^ «on^^r*<i 9A raj 6, AW 4»^«»/ |^*m<D i», fto. s^c-


dw<^Y«i»« ^ ^t lvr>€ Co, B t« ^t yoy ... t \n ^yt ^Gr4t

OL ,<ivAW a \me. jO^ t to ike saor^ raV 0^^. % ef

'ijttJt IKe ^ccovi^ -my Vuoei Wh dipown » THt^ ^ecoK4 S€<i-

tv>evit flr^ tWe t^^tul, ')pM)'\^(3op skaul<i %Mie t _,


J^c mfevsee*
Iwn d| Q iWI If in rfekt S^jiK*^ (Jii^-rftm (^ 'i^ Y\ot ^itc

*n^e lev^^rti (j{ %t ^trst vo,^ 0^ •,. I gives m« OithW


(?{ tke -resutfbint 4 ^ *'*^ H , ^^U Od i»t tW sJmic^
dlcujra.1^ is ftic \m€ at c^cn «t 1^^ resuitarvt, TV»elf4ii,yft

«|ll& S€toni YO^ O^ •.. A tJ^tvdS IWc ^m(S4wt 4 ft^e. >c-


Su\Wi <s^
^ ^^ •^ ^1 J"^ '^^ ^^ <^^ %t s<£*
ov^a ]*in4t<5 re Siiltan^ avu| ha.s <xe ^y fc lilvf ^ ac-
tion; Oiv^ 5a an -for rvtave^Xe^. TU Wt ^ttw^ >€-

vey*H?iVvim^ -forces • Iri fri»i Wv«I<uue •. * S. ^ ^^ '*'^*


§3g^ qRAPH lcAk STATiCS .

\l^r
^uJWi ef V H and G i^Ts aicn^ aC And tol^nftS

V.-e ree-ulWt 6^^ H'' awd G^ ciclin*^' at c ; or, if v^e

rorv-S liier U .». 3 as « rav iwe >v«aw Sa^^ ^^cA «.r 3 (j3<m?t-

lr\i> tcwav^ tVie Ti-V»t^ i^e TcSuilar-t of V H t? A»aJ G.,

<xcU jQionc c?i5 o.r\^ ixxVAOces H .^


o.*^^ tUeK wf vyoulA con-
sA^Y C^ cu^ Ike last se^»nent cf me et^cul ."jxAy^on.

It tS ev'ident ^then tlial the se^rnei^ts <5f


tie e^uW Wv[-
q^a are tVse liaes d( ocTion (?( {lie 5<.'^xess^*^/e "I^ArTia/ resu) tW5^
viWj5£ wuiQniWieS vviu,s1- be lo.k'^n |ro<-v\ "the ccv»^«S^hJ(.k^
Ixxvalle] Yc^yS o"f Hie ^orc^ ctiAyvam .

v^e >ii)w proceed U/ "fiVxci cut \\o\m {nt unkv^^:n^/^v l^arss tnexy

be conslrucVed -[rom ftie H»aowa^ trie WHev- Wm^ (J^ onxd G

ihr Two 3icl€S (^ avv<^ Qi^ <^%t -force |x5)j|^n ui It^e fo^rre

ul %t \\r\e.'^ of H ^i^ H . How skrJ) t^;e c^elerrvMJne O ^

5 he pote *:

5ult df Cerr^l^mirw H" wilit ^e. reSulWuC ^ ^ and H w>i'

b€ a -jorc€ 'ba.5»5inO' inTOu^i m<i point c:^ o^xk^ c^tm^sI aw;^

tke reSulTant cff Q, oru^ Q^. "'^'-'^'^ inTeysect H ot OC an^ inw^


leifymirre c?0 "tV>e dtv^Jtcn 0*^ a ^ne ^rrst Sa^ment o[

G^ cin3 S^^ 1^ n/.£)st c<7n>^eyv»er)Uy faancl loy Hxe >iext j^am -

CjrOL^k (32 8)^a/ui ttie Uii^ <ff action of H' vS krwJwH^ H^'^^t

<i U derermined ],%j iView inlevsecKo»7 . TKen l^^ dr^w/t^.-.^

wm%6K \s the u-AV^-ysecliov-. of )»... V vAiti 3... n. "^',lii


%SQ8 SRAPK. STATICS lb-

coriAe K>«iiJMn ^o-na.j>K'<cally ajid s-VM^^kV be scolct^ off <xct^ roU*^^

its U-vt "[cnrce - scale. c^c^Fed j "^*^ tke ;|crce diagram ,

3S<\ To piMC THE 8ESUI.rA>/T OF SEVER-

a} lei or ne^i-rly so^^ q. 6^>ecla3 Trt-etntxi w^ nov\j1>e ijl-xeii^df

iireat coTvevxtenc^ tn ^^ucK cases. n<^, 4o 3, /^ec j


r^

»4

•jorces

wKc5€ re-

Q Sp«JC€~ ^li^am
Rcj.353.
anu^- re^uliqM ^or foTCf wVlcU wv^l VoWkce Theha^ ^ KU ^nV

?-nfs X and i One of wVncn S^iy X ^ ^^^ flirts irorv m ^*

i^ Te^uJve(^ fo 'find "^ . \ ne fwe 'fovCtS nicest "kn-wtr'^^ a,


boLru^ced ^v stem chance }j V>ecjtvAnu\i3 dt O wt lo^v^-falme
0, A = P \^^ scale
J
rtat A 1 = T, , ^-^^ 'io on (;
|>o;^t to Lutt3^

H>e lire 'SO^ v^efe^1^TJ; To close Hie -[ovce. |3o1>;Qon i^ c ^ 'rC-


% 3Ua G^AP'H.> STATICS ^ {76
('v.^Kid-; c=;nt^ec\s lKe |?cle0^ wilk Ike ^ "^^^ ^^^t - ^ -jcvce

\ngvitu:nec{J^ ^rom T>^wncy€ ai mtcvsects the Knt' of "1^^


^
ar.xy.; l^C ^ [I to tUe mM <^j s^ 2 , till U inTeYseclTs tUe Tine
05X3 Q^ lioe mc fllv^wn IkrcoL^K C ^^uacl \\ tc ike "f^

P TJ^ awd P ^ /, o? ^Ike mtevsccTicn (sf t^G. Imes <?f


V
c^^T^ M a pomt in Rie line o^ octtcn j| Hie i^nt"t^vesu.ilav?t vt*

line- BA in "VKe -force dio^ain ^c?t "8 A fcnrrvi^ «3t closed

liae IKvouaK c? 11 i"o 3A ^ viz.. c:?6^ \s %t Ime cf-cfi^


of 1Ue anU- resuAWi (^M li^iAct cf Vhe resu3Vaw(j of ^^ "^a*
Ptnce in ftiiS corvjruction x i^ a>^%tVa>^ we may first

a, IjoSiFion ftuit ^^^ in^|?cclio!', tKc i^earwcMts erf tHe re^u-ltm^ e-

^cmL Va^v^on sWl ^ivt fair i[hte>r5fcltonS and not "ba^ cfj
Hie^A^ct". Xf tUe Otw^w forced are ^ralUl the (device

TKe resu'lf (5f iKiS cowilr<xc\ion tnoi\| "Ve staled as fo^\ow^^

xswdX as a^b ar^^ Iq): IF AlwY TWO SEGM^MTS OF


AM taOlK. P0kYG0M,8E PROLONGED >€4r inTevsecWn ,s
a \.o;nt t\ rt\e lm£ of acT.ou of tU RESUlTAMT OF TH0S£
f^ORCE^ ocliwtj at ttie verTicfis m\£y\/ tv\\vxQ Wtwetw. tV»e <?U'eH
Se'^menls. Hcve^ tKe >eiu,T^vai <^ ^ ^j T' acts IKrou^h c(,

3^1. TERTlCALRFA^CTlCMS op pibRS^^Tc. r.j


35^, (qw€n rh-^ veytical fovces or locui s ^ "P <3^*^ T-,

Ye«cli«»KS must ^e vertical^, v^^ccivei Hie rejuctiova«i "V^ <a^

"V flf tl-^e. |?ICYS. for c^K iW^Qwt SiAJ>|>0Se V cvvu^l V


f339_ G f?APM.STATI C S_.__ 17-?

"krujvn , >^e<j art m efuu. p^ ovJ V^


w'lrti
p^^^ T^,
7^

c^iajjToni 'v,.
i''^
3>

wl^eyfi tke forces vAm^ tcoA^ \ie ^ fee sat>i« Vnfi ^urt sJwjNtly
>ej?<4r«le(i3 . "^Itk O^ ike WU ^^f T - *^S a ^Oe drow^ \]ht

rrt^vs erf ^e -force dtU^yann OA^ ^&> Ei4f The coTre>j>«na iVi^

Y . T<?\n ^71. Nov,/ Smcd l^iH4


iN4 r
"P' Act fa Hies<»fv^
. nc -J
COV nviAst "be IKot Tm€ ^sWi mui ewe \\ % V c^df'

p civ»d P* ore arbjlTAYy tke l^^iitian (?( ^e We ^"^ «rt5*

Irattf jwKilc P ^P -)
^"^^ ^ ^*^ ^^ ^^V r*^^^
1<nownm

Tak£ c\nM cov>vevvl£v\t Wie O. 3raw tKe vaw s OA 06,0C


avr2\ 01), Tnen \>^Knm'>^<j at ai«.y <loiaueHiey\t ^ml <L '«n,»f»<

1?C Vl ^o OB aw^ So on^u-vntd fte la<t Sexijmeyvt f dll in

'^KtS ca5^ ) Cuts flie veYtic«:l Conrammy W^t uv'\Uv^ewn'\^


§32 qRAPM. STATiCS 76
^, ^^!*e ^vr^ n Join an OVj« is ?omer.Tv,ts
.
Ca)lei A

{<s.ce-aiayT.xm.~'rhft Wt !«,£ uiQ cof, a>e"')oaa-'lir.e " in

v,UROkLAS<Y- &*;d«5,tly foi- a,<:^we«. Sjsl^ ,3^ loads,

OF- THE- CHOICE Of a PQJ.£.

-r»'^a bodv| c<3v,tern«d oore'^eft out- ^ atitwjit^as Wy

TO A ROOF -n?U$^, Fn^. 35:5


-\W

o/;-/.

M^ ana W^ /av-e

1^ ^Hii IP aire

ttn,j ol fortes aye (he


J^^^^
f
§S3o GRAPM. STAT IC S ________J2l

^v^{^Vies all B>€ 'boVz^y*^^^ 7«i.^i<>lA*i^6 '^rievie «i Hie )e'(t'^

t a.3 off %c f>Tc€5 C^rwv.n) 'W^ W^ P 0uuu5 ?^ ik !K£

Tc c\ose tKc )>*^^M^^v« U is evjidewt we ne^d o**^ 4r<a.w o^

X , TVvcS cUleYi*uvrC5 H "^y^ v- rei«KA,\vt5 fo fl^^lerw^ihg 71

Hie ^j>dmt «?( dinsiovL Wtw^en ^ et*t4V^ . StAect a. c4>H¥Gf%'

?ent "^le O, J,
OKnd ^ra.>AJ nri^ys {voiM Jt to i^S^lfc.

1. «. »x W - '^ " C * " Ik-w** C *' *'


O 3 " *'

? otA^a T ^ (xvc U rtxe same Im^; tKeu e^f U to O 5'

o^re
K'ow jcm

vxow d^irrwneci
on. <jt<7 ^
t\^e ^yos#vW'/jh^',

as vueU <*-^ H .
ex*wi dvaw a U u> iC

H^v^^ novv oill rtiC exQvKual -[oKes acTiHj tii^ttift Vvu,^

uol 'pieces _j
o*\ iKe |(5]lcwin(^ ]>laii. TKe tVu.s5 t€i»vo Toin^

conyiecfed ^ t^y ]>«ec6 cytfen^iVij Ijev^oK^ ql joint cua<A <3xiVlo^


AiCi^r o>vtSwicycdL lb act</jcmB^ ^e, ochevt buJI\ ov ItS^tst,
a{ Ci\cVv )>iec^ Oil iKd joint cA evtt^ty txrvevHi'l^ wiU W
«

% 351 G«APM. STATtfTS lao


^
*
j( ;> # *"'-'' »- ..« '
»

i3t?^4 the. ^n. «rf e-o^V j«int rs m eijuAl*Wiu*n tattJ^r a. S^*"


Tern ^ Ctm caTTty^t |owe^ c^an^^^ruy of lie 1^3>«i^u( <»W)

]j!r€€«5 m-eeTmj ^wrrt , 1W€« w€ may <'^^ Mt bvwiajylfcS <rf §


"i^S to <:U5|[Jv jm^ tn Wi-?, See Kr 3^6

In Irie *!<*« a'w3upcim a. ca^'itaX leffer [A 6 C tb»1 ik ca^ck

tW fcrce "W^ ^ Ike -tree 'BC ^ <yf


W «<. ftie |ar€< C^^

Thai (V^mC slVess ^ o^*^ ohjl|>^«^<? cavj Vc nam^sdl ^V<»«^ ffcx


Vlli^5 tW l^£ Sj>axes bordCv^Vv^ ti:S lu-o sieves, Cfrrt?^4p^Hii«w
% 33i QRAPH. STATICS /SI

To ll^eSe CAJjtW IfitTers m ^o sbacgi <if liic sj?acc-i*c*4jn*^.

^C ^ the force ^^^*v b«l^*^**^ fe Any Ji»^ ivi, v»^k^^U

€i;^uu.UWA*.wm uncicY tWe eartrmixl wx:ev^ To ftn«i ttve "WJlsdf

^ t^oi >{ oK Vat two tf{ iWc Screes dl cu clcs^ {ofi-cc poly-
cksvv ore l<H£>wn |W tvrouijfniJixie 4>w^ dltVmion J
wV»t)e Ihe 4iVe^.
Tu^& onJy^ef ^kJS^5 two <*rt kiM^wfti ^
tke wUolfc ^cc ^ely<}eK H^<y
^fc <iTra»/n ^1W^ ^ttErnvw.M»^ {h^ awA-ot^ts tsf tkoSfi Two jwarS

^»KX«5 -m^et^csis at oC ^Jcall tTi£ j^^irits << p V S o^-*^

k»4*s^>M -force 3C (^^, W ^ l^omfinj %tS at tKc Uv^ercH^i,


Tc «\ose iKe )>fli^ifon <3->-avJ Tlrrou^K C a II to ttit ^ete

l?e ^>owt to tun trcun^ \1Se )>«vt^Vitvy , frc farce Willi v«K^k Ihe

"^ece Co ocTs cwA the ^n d\ fee joinl iC ii a. fovce of avc

cuiviitt cf tt\e )>«€ce J)A t^n tt>e )Hn <*t oc t^ ^rom ^ 1c-
>^»^vd CC C**^^*'**^ <K <^Yrow) Ovtdi Wvire "DA )S W ^-
§ 33^ CRAPK. VIATIC 5 .
I fti

ei m CdK^enW la Cuvn iKc s^xKi^i- ABC awi Dj,ir044«<)

the OC^ Q -S^UHtW Orx^er


j«^««t wtU Ve -foCkM^i cowYCHrem iH

i?B l!?<^ Iwa <j^ tW: {ort:^ ocCiHj C5t\ tke )Hn ^t )W j<nvit p ortf.

t<M^>i«an <v^ <?-«U:?viatm^ly we \>-e^t>v a ^^c^rce '^^^^oix^ p^j for


it^^l jom^ "by ^Jtov^wo ac rr o^ I\ is iVe c?c cf j^&V

l-jart
^''^ ir^^f ']x>t7ded in Ae o^/>o^e d2irclwn^u^^
1k€ acT^ei^ of CD en ifvt ^oint ^ \* tf^juuj okJI a^jxrWft fc>

(v^-^ y an<A )>omtiKa fee -Same w^^ j Ui^w.


6f = <?^^^ U to

irAW a l) to IKe 'jK^ce F <5 a.W tWrcsUijk (£ a II tfl life


I

OO 't^ m tension ,
o>^
Next ^o^ Ic IKe jVnt , a*A<i cot^^Kuct tt\£ Jxily^en {i ^

thwA <^<] CYmmivujf IVve st>-e^ otl im. C^H 0*^-4. tViAt a.a su

AVt iVviis lost -^crt^C ai <»V^>a3<{ cVkcV wtlk »b e-j^-.^^

al^ ^ vyVos€ Vides are nt^-v kvurwn.

tioS'incj "SiC '\><ii^ci9v\S o^-rtad^ ^vuL \fu 5ucW «. w^y as to rviake

fe not So reoiiAj |>ert:eWed- Kevc o.^ wVxew IPitv co^kijat Sejsawiiie


^331
9 ^^{ GRAPH
QvKAPH ,
. bTAT
STATICS
IC5 ft3
Its 3 ]

aWmenB at hc\\\ ends an^ not -^vcc U s\\6s lotcraUy ccl»41

dw^clwii txol oni^ Cfc^ti the e^juAliiirS


<^ 5tauas ,W. •n (Ue -form ^i<( ^
elasKcity e( Ike A^cV^^IVtcSS . Suxlt

53X.THE SP^lAL Eauik.PokYQoN. iTS Re


iATlOM To TK£ STKeSSt^ )V'frt6 RiGlO BonY.
R«b->oduxmO Fi^S. 3iiO aw< 351 IH FvW, 3^S e»W 3ii%

F.5. 368
o

« -F %\
(wa
}oT<e<> V ? ? 9 W R' "^ wt cc,n <X.\^X tV^t skc-«

— .i^^'I'^J^a \>rCoiiJL^t "it c<JYves]r»aw<J$ to a l«K< 4v«aL<?»o^

'^ke sJrcSSeS m oia^ cyoss- Section <?( \Kc )>0>iie>H A


#( \lie Veam^ onre <Jue to T^ aWe *^ frio^e
^f any
cyoss sec-

lit Aft
n dn to V <\»*a
1^ ^ u^. I0 tUu^ w.^t<1tan 6 f? ,wlu)ie

yy\^nS^^^ i^ ^iMCva b*^ h\e, line Oa »«* ^t -force d«a-

I
^1^33a qRAVn^ Static 5 _/8^
^annywhUe iVs Ime oi action k ap lUt ^r^i Sf<)[mevit6|
r<ii^U.|>c^ygdn. Si|»iW^,lK€ 6tVe^5€^ in BC o^< cjue

^""^1 ^^^^^'

the ^lasttc sTw5S«S (cv /nl^netl ^<.tC\ ot m Want my %4.

^>yalc^4»oh ^1 \^t HtArvt mttys^cTinj *bc (^^€^ ry^^'^^f)

"}>dtti«t 3C erf tUt %e<im , 'Wt may A sf^ rt^c -^Wn^;;

Cdt/CU^RBUr fO/?CSS ina}iatie^andi the sj>ecia} e-

^orhan hcatn cWviiA C0rytsl?on<j$ TiS ^^ Seftyicntaf


erf th&

Hit ^ftMCjltmian 'j>o}y^on u> ^^ck Ih^ 'y<\y 'is fxxralhl-


and tk line of acL^n /s fht 5<fcfMeyft jl<$t nieyilicne^,
Evwiei^tly ^ tiie l^odu 1^ n4>t of>4 n-jni p»ec6 ,
lo«-i ^rvwj^ose^
^01 Yiv\^ of ouicew^€vue<i l3i<jc)<s (ov yoiAsi>oirs3^ it t>^ov W^or.

^^^s-rcsu.tV'sihi {oy a.ii}iv/«u jo»V\t »er*«;f<*i Two blocks ^ncJ^

y\et lie oulside H>e tcariuO' Surface J^lhc jcmt^ T>or ^vtflJ*^

too 3^>u\\\ cin c\i\qh vviltj ti W"! slitVn*^ cv "^»}:>pin^ «e<uY,


^332
N« urn ' '•' « • • .....
_,
CRAPH.STATICS.
>_„„ ^-. .
-
,1 I. ..
}86 -

of three blocks {IT e<q^U4\lWti4.ini»*\«i<fv fwe -{iyyc^s . Tht

p. a^O ^ Y^^<^^-* ike {avc..

rcU ik the Ime aO, tkl^ ^aHsfyHclioyi Su]ipc2.cs all


ff}t iorce:^ <:jlV«Vv C'f<>>{7t (jrtC , »V ^»Mpwi»^Z (Xwd |:?o5iUo»it iC^v*^

\t\txl. lUcLf. out Couid €a$i|y l>e -f«UK<i 1h <^m qu>i t ^S i)€>vt^

lyut'in w<?viidi ciekevii:^ OH Wni e<[u,\l .boly^on , St^ Tvc )irac-

Uc*e ^We Two loKcci T Avti R* are <:{€HCY«5^1ly u.^JritBU'n^

net lue {ti^eci viov Hie ^tcciol etj^^U. °^'<A>/y^K 7o<ijJ«i5( ^ untw)

^afvij'it w«>] \)< hccessary to u^e arVtlyt^ivy tv%<^ "^SiKcrnS fft^*

CHAp. is:,
(:fra^hic<xj ^l^ttcs of Vetlzca} Threes,

333. REMARKS, In ^eW^s ^oUW^a-^i sui^se^


ijucntljy (c«]kc) 1V»t stiff a.rc\\-ril> ^
or %t \Aocl<xwot)< rff a*!
arcV^vivia of irAOischry ^ wkfivx tVU WAy \i C0ylSi(^eYe4^ |j^

tKuS, *
4^. 36 3 ^ tul -for Convcnievtc<2 eowcU v<actto»* w\\l W
.


§333 GRAPH. Static s /86

l^ii 1<md of *y slim <|{ jorxies. "P P tTt- vvill vc^csev^tjKe

ijf me o^utwfnl Ttocttons j H tne voIk* •] €)1o€y k«vJ26wl<tl

33^. CONCRgTE CONCEptioM Of AK £aua,


POiv't^ON, Any eouil . Wl^cjon. Kcl^ \hiS ^ro evly ^dwie
|) ti

tU moc^c df cansryuctioia^ v\?. I| friC


J cii ouU 2>C tff ^^
S6'8 NA^cre jrvtj^oKcicvttkle 5\y-<)u'<^1^ t r^ds jo\nW cat b witKW
jyictioti ^7We»^ Wcu3(i T>< in, e<^uiltVv-4urp an<)eY me S^sUw^of
jews ^W ^<&ee r^g.36^.
g^vei^^^tee TU
f^g 36^. The
*
.

* '^ ^
ruf,36*.
Filf,36*. ^*
^
ytjqoJ Suffevs a
to %t "R Off rt»e

Cases %tie >ods >vi^kt "bt in t evasion j<?i v. ^ t

336'. EXAMpIE OF EQUil. fOKYGON T^J^AwW


To VERTICAL LOADS. F»^. ^^V [T^ sWcUvc Wt-
\v\cj Itie atv^n loa3> is not sKov/n^\jul ^HKcpy Ihc i>u«^-
inavy rods or stxfyvitry\\ of an €.<:|tL'tL\>Aj^d»^ ^ v\}K{tK vwou)cl

%t "br^^^v^t case ,
^^ ygyy 1^2-1 ^^Ifiir?-)
'''" cc^»^le -{hI:-

ri<JH ^ <>-)^ '•oiv1^S W<3U.1(i ^^^^.V^ ttSC ec^u^VNb^Uwv s?a)»^e


.

^335 QMPX.swncs IM

A B
S^oic i^i^^fc tUmdi

QavCa 4f¥t<. Wet* T^ P^ OfiJi V ^ Au<i Iwo ^oWiiWiVit

taffHiv^ofe ;jWf *ff oi^ <x** WJAf»t«*\To scaiCj f^ ^ isiii/


f^
e**4 to cnd in tT»<^ order, ui cm s^Wfi^ any ^)e 0^<h^ftir
fre roiyS O I
^ Oii ^ Je« 0^ a fcnrce dv-o^Tcim f ike. *T*5 a%«^

ondl d%v%<Jt. tkft 1d<wi-UwC mti X ^^'^^


X\3 ^^ '^*'*^"

A {a^^J ^olvl m fii } a hi^e ft fe O^. \ to mttrseef T


tk. Sorvte Jxjmt i 'y TVr^^k a H tb O^. !^ a^ui So on,wHy

A8 is 1^e*^aA>u^mtMt-)rrt^* or cio>mo -lin<? .

gon vvi3ul<J result. /\,s ^o wKUntff^ive iir^^u^ tucv«*)7e7*^^»lDj^

er ston€. ^^tvck o*" oTVicv stru-tCurC, ^n wWv^ iKe l«t^€ ^^***^^

in tqtxXi thy^uv^^

PRCPFPTY c1a«F«UllL.pO.L.Foie
336. USfFU].
VESTICA). XOADS. C P'^T.f uW «»*• ^" § 323) S«?
§3 30 CftAPH. STMics 88

Ccrtsrdo- as -^T^e a>\j n*o!vvWv c{ c^mseciAve se/jtviotJi, or

^A-^. an3 Jxn^totrS d^ ^c ^ ^ and


7^

ftt or<iev to «wT5kkv To <ovt5«i'«

er V 6 6 7 ^ «i jW< U4y»
For e/^-uil.jOcconllvv^ to SiaSu^ ^%t lines df o^ok of *f

"j?^l m 1^^^ ^<Vi« c{ acTien cj %t yes*4lajii of P P. a»«ii

P ^Nc.xjf l^e kict^s cycctorli*^ at ^c inTcweMimy vertices . That


Vs 1^ ^xmit C mud Vetk fl\6 VcrtWal conlattvm^ ft>e CchIk
4rf <^«vity <^ tttijse toa4s, Smc6 FKe Ws'rtiVi <rf tKti vcv-
Tv«»J must "ht it\^tJ^€*^d^ri cf ft\e ^MrCiC&jAy tc^yul , ]>a'K/<^vx

used ^<3tny a^y (^dolled Imes ^ fij, ^(>^^ fsr^Ke S4*ne


1a*4:^s wM ^jVe %ty sa^e resu^ Mcncc H>c vorhcal CTD^ccJt-

Q-ieAMS AJ^D £Q\)\l.\%R.?Ol^CMS. (^ vertical Ub)

3^7. RFSUME CF CONSTROCTIOAI.F^. 367. ^tf.

vevTi'cols A^ ^3u*Jl S 'jtU wUU)^ rt»e ciWV*f«yTts ore. to lv€


^
v^e \m,y <?ff
<\ l^jA^-ltrie K.*.^, ^ ^ tb.k^ any Cotiv4iv»»<»,^

F«>^ ^ curves }>0K4ma e^uJJ t^ol>?<3on^<xS5a>v<e 45iv,y |xe?vvt A


»Vv ft\£ >€nrUcai A ^ for ci»^ ^uh-ne^it ^
£iwi^ divixvu Tli€ SaC-
Cc^si-v!^ SCi^mevits AT? ^1?C^ lie . o-c^{>€cT\ycly |>a>oil)el te
% 337 <SKA?K. STATICS ifiV

Kow ^'<Kiva AS, coHh^^ AB iWt aU*lm«nUiM>e ^Arv<i a1 1|

OfvlKt loouduVne. Tkis

ENT OFTHe LOCA—

i-iv.t ^nfc Twd p^>t*/«ns£^V ^ iwli'' ^ ixu*<i V^ zz "n^n.H^j


-wVivA aye IWt, vorfical Vri^sures -wKuU two 5i-<-fc}'ovf*. »k
!^£ verfi<^ A^ <x^ ^^ Vv^g^^-^4 sustaw ^f{ The cj\^<Yi

\y<3iA^ TesJedL or\. a }urrUi?K>fixl ri^wJ "bar as t*j Fw. 366.

, _ I
1
^ p«<nc r\ wt *vt<s^ ttsc OHV Coy\-

o. ^ jvo*** O fo H>e leoi lm€ ,"Htu.5 4w«im» Hie "Ucui-KH?

SSo, THFOpFM- *f*ne vevtieal <il4menWt>r»S c( ccmj fwo


e^^ilt^rr^um ^cly^yis dr-CLum % ,
tnt same loads^ hya^-
o^hcOAS^ciru^ ahutmjrnt verticals ^ore jnocrsely prohor-
ticnal to Tktir H's (oy 'hole - distantes^^ V^ktr^y^

6^<irt^tng fci^«-«-a.. ^l-y^ons ^


|e>- t^e ^>m€. loads Avoi vptt^^oifs,

frc^ % 33? w€ V^o>^ 'lWt Ot^' h W fo AS ^-^^ On'


§ 338 GRAPH. STATiCS

^uui
A
• •.
-:' : 2^ :t H^ : H '^U SA»^e kvlia <.f

l^ttrof i*K«y -ftftv^^y W aYfUitd to ^t vcytual inteyce)>t<; Jk^iwy

(t^ If Fie f>4Ae o{ Uie |crrce --(iiA^am be mov&a alonc^

^Ho^xi'rt^ ccMsWtly V^YtxlUl U fhe f^rm^vlme vA/V^He:


M '

§ 3¥0 (SRAIPR. STATICS IL


ye.\\j StraU v/t(ti in{u-iiVeUi s^-H^atl^ 'V».<rri^&*-Aal ^Wu"t'S WWf<»M
ft\em J
c^«nvj e,(^u.UiVrium ^Is^^o;^ y€,(ic\M^!^ ^ LiNbAR ARCH.
Uv^cx^Viko^Ay \w« ttfin *vjt di^o) w«l\ tK^sC JiT{tnii<\y Sfvie<H ^Qods

wnicn ar me Sum 'i5f fK<?$e C»»vc[^oS4kj 0«€ ^frouL an/^ iV

. .
a|>|ilCeci tkvo^k The eenlVe af

; i ; I
« djent to %z cuyy<t ^ 1Hj6 A|M^*
tr. "7/5 ''^•k %\x9rM\Q lihear «4in?k ^ani ^Hdi-
J ;

bu-Y^^seS, Sec. f^»^, 37^ Tke Su^ct^s/t»€ 1>0{r\i^


(j'f
l^i^M.

vUiori l^tflween "Hru? <jy<ju^s, TViU reAAllon 4<>^^*v»«. HvH tec-


sfs <5f
ikt <^»w^kl<ix\ treatment af vou-^iojr, <5r VlocVw^^,
arched.
3¥K TO PASS Ah eauil.POLY^OIv TMRacc^^iy

P. n P of loct^^ ft '^5 r^"

ft.'

flr-i-fi-


3' L*. u ^-^V;,:: 4 ©uT^a^ ^f \\\t had*

b«!w«t^^ lt>e VtyUcqJs <jf


lS%e U>^ tviro, Stsc K^. S-Jo', The

"WlHv
bKAPH. Static S

il

-n . Dra>v ->VT li 'to ^ A, 1 nc ycic cf i>»t rcoU*v>>;f

c.a\ [Wm^^k -p. Tln-c VI ^' 'i'^^ re<^<^^^i e^cu 1 . bolv o o n

it>-.c W«^i? |:,il:s •Wate^s^-c^ron wtin 7i' T ^n^^-e^ C H-.r C'^<,fv^d

.rrc>VY<-,p«rrH^-^-if^ fcOi^^L^Vx/^-jtj-Ou^
'
btiiifs^vu-'v^'vtJ' at fell. 'f^rSl cc

use pu55 invoijuja |3 C(nd S; "tt is nj. 4r^\^n »n t-

:3-^-*2, SYMM&tkicAX.- case crTHE Foi^b'

Vi/4,h^t- rin^^^*^, on. H^e nv^^j^lc v^-Uc^i \>4v^€c-

,4 T,' m-.L^-I C'a'i..v ,.-•

^^
Take i^ C3>^r^r.t

<'U-
C;;8,Ap>: . :5TATt H3

\Hc SCoirv\e.v'^i ca*rila»^v^ %.t "JsotWt jb 'i-i^u.^. fee Hxn-u ch ia(

-c^ix'tU ho1>/^on. A il to C/\ iT^v^iu^U i IS ltv£ fwbl^ '^'^'^

§3^3, TO Fi(v/t) A ^Y^TE^l Of lOAD^ w^tF;

f4 ^a\)lh^moJm. riG^ 373. tei As w rtie <jvvc^

; ^ <ibww*^/ a 1\ to

7^i\ r-ovv bA^v V-^ deo^ wUK «\». t^k^ k-vtanw-pv ^


l^cj

€4^' I'Vi
-

s v^ ASCH£S op MASOKRY \C^:LL

CKap.X Kxc|'W{ /Irches of }v(a6om>/.

vAuck H>C faces arrt "to 1 ^^t axl^ cf %t, c^miv/cal


Soffit cr J
ur*d^ SMrfa£c]) ttiC S«CCCS5We Vlocks ^ermivtC'
the a>c>i~T-mj ctrt CoAVeJ >ro\A. %%o\r^
^
fvao^-SvyayS 1

|V\c^$e of CL cHTCcJUu- coxVi ivo cmt-> t^6 axlS 1he cyVn


«5f

r«x.<i|aJtvt^ J01V1I5 l>tV*^«n the vGu-'Sv^rrs av^ vuxi.e "berWi*^*

TKAD05 TKc , i:^ru€ trt'rtte Sat^e |>law€ 0,5 Hie I'nrrKi'-


-1

'N,
, -

^3^6- MASOnBY A^cH^S ?'?-''

TiOCtty q.s an ^ir»ei^t <jj siolbii^ in. aycrr<s> cyf a^^^ cov^^<<^eva-

Vie S-ire ; m^&u/^W "K^^-^^sciixW n\c>nx< andt mm jcrnls o| or


4>i^<^vy xrui^\4iy can S*nie.rim4rS W dkjpc**^W <3n . ^'tcl'to V? ^

«.40-%i a^id To ^iKi-Aic? vx^ovi eoJ^ BiKev ^ a6 oVso ^ IKe \»UcV;

-Crr-m,
3-9-6. POINT Of ^PPXIC AT 10 K afTHE RS --

mlt a^a Q.L ^><-oc<:e^S!v<i "bcHnts a ^^omL y^f^om \)\^ ^vi-


erf

Ty^j^-s^ W^^dL R>e exF^nodes ,«rv vice vers a j tKe tnrcl n >!>>- ?

ate <^ TUe rcvilve er( tjravtly fs lUe 'Jjomt es[ <3A|)lf.^a\»on
g '^^-^Tra *^t
^ fr <"- > l^r « S S ijOf g. . TKuS fxij^ ^^^-^ & ^-"'^^

whey*' ttSe Ica'^L cotv.^-vessioK ^$ Sttj, - y^"^'-*'-'!


]?cf5^c( fa exist **t toe mfr^os A^ \he /^}C%'S''j>
%3¥b M/VfiONRY ARCH£S -/6

value at "B ^»n lKc extraudos . in R-^f.

376 ^ wWcve "H^c )>v«^uv< }5 rex? oit

B^ ^vv3 vuYi e^ as TKc/ drtiiwuJks c^ a tv/^


giHjU. rtie Tt«*iU*Mi ']>i'e5Suve. ads TW>t?wfk

iKe joint kh^rti ^fyvtvc 3. Hw«. vuk^Kx The

]3?t**^^v<: 15 not xe)r6 <»t eit^ey ed^c tUt

THIRD of tKe }<U»^L 'WUtrre^, if Hve re

Hiird^u -shows mat «. l>oytj<>r> /\rri 6^ iVJe

j5mtjScc Ft*^, 3 7ft vectiv*^ n<» [>^^'*-^

Ji mu^^t h^ u>id«Y5tco<i ^al tK^ j«vi( surfaces Utxt


ckatt .4*^^»<tt^-«rc rectoviAles ^S<^^ «A^« wl^c vW the -fwuV'S
3^7. FRICTIOM B>^ cxl>€rnnW,U Kci^ Ucr, {.Mna
.

H>e au^ of ^^yictiin ^ 5^e ^ ^^O f^^ ^^ Cohtii^eMS


efficient df -jViclion »^ ^ - "^^v?.30*' , >ievtce
^f
iKe di^

see f^ . 37?
3^8. RFSISTA^CE TO

^\t limit ^vi'^, tt^e e44jc <5f ft\e mli^le 1VnV<i


^3^^ MASONf^r ARCKSS t^7

rT^fruW^ the mcavi ]5TeftSay«^rw^A.stlles5lli^M "^ (^

(^
]xv umt <^ aTeo. 5
C Wma -H?^ lJt»^a^e 9*esrsiAH^ "To Crushir^ af 'frc tviatirv-

*>itte^ alfluVm^ <|W^ PCOT 'ttuclt' w\)l ^ way 5^)6 ConfSi'd-

tKe ujTtts em[>W^^d tf> 4{::p^»*»y fr)« aWve test*


EXAN\plf .
If a Jo5wt Is 3 ft, \>y 1 ^t^avi4 ft.d

>«s*4rtavtt -j^rrs^^A^^ ^5 32.6 tans Hic me^^n "br^ssuv^


J>eY- 6Q, -foot <s

wWk Ji tnu^Wl less Ikcin ^

fjj
cr( C ^or m(y5t W1U»^ «f^*n€S^ see § ${)3 .

At jomfe v^A-w^e lh£ ireniWit ^?rei5urc |aWs at itid

*• '^
ecf^uiilto 1>^ rwcan '^ '*
S
l^ut {ov
$»<q€W it Is Vest To assume tViot att tiyvte<;
^
(^{yoh^ vkiftv-

M\G| IcKxd'i^tfv v^Vroijon^^it irnay move 1c 1^6 ecLje <rf


lli€

3^^i TH& THRK CCNJOiTiOAfS of SAFP

Re<A{>itJAfiKtf the i^e^uXls of IV^e «|ore^oJK^ ]^av<U|ya^/j5^

tv>u^t \y< $<itilsfi4?d «t eve>7 jo^^i of ckyc1^-v»wo av-d |>tev^


S'H'? A'BCR Jf MASCNt^y ffS
\^\.) Th€ TTesuCtWnt jsressuYC tr>ust \^ixis wtlt^i^ tk^

(2.^ J Kc rcsulWvt "d^res^ujre t^uUt not mok^ on amf^^U

(3^j The. tncAn '^ytssu,r€ )wjr Mjwtt tf| area. »?n fite

360. TU TRO£ LINEAR- A«CK^ or Sp£ciAL£-

asm F.-j. 39 j. I
[ |lrlj I I-
I J I I

frit -ftrst joint <^rui D m^ I--' l**/<i\>^'^ 1 "n/^ \c**m_

point ^Ip ^ in fric crovwn


. - I • V

Tod^ (^not roHn^ were Vnsrt^edl at A_j^^c^ fi?c«^5<5 a5


td Se^aYoTe line arch- atbr»es sU^Wly ft»e arcX w^nJcl -$Und^

%t joints w»»Kivt itie cur^- rm P ^ «Uv4i \f mc tn^l Tods


Tn olVie7 Avdrds^ if avi avck slandi^l^l may W bdisibie to
(i^ra^fl/ <X <iveat/ nuvvtUcr ^ Imcav arcWeS vvivn.m ft^eir 'iMifi\tb

^ the aY<^-T\«io $mcc fttrec yot»>l5 <i^tVriT;tn€ an c<^<al»WitMn

l^^^^iaou Qyr linear arcKj "(or <swe« '\or^d^ * 1 «€ <2»w<w"n»4% Ji-*

T»5i2S WHICH. l,l>/)^Af? A?ecH IS rXE X.CCOS OF


tlijfnj
TH^ A<^T<^'At R^SUxTAxiT pR^SS01?es AT THE SUC-
CESS W£ Jc)^^rs ?
^C^^n^^mVio "ft»e <t<^n-v*M.a as an eWstre cuwe<3 beai%^
m^er^ xn Tlrm ^/^rS" ^i^. iV»t "blocks at iKe s|»r<v%i^ivuJ -llf>>e.

core i7vc»{>a)>ie 0^ UAJnTitv?^ A«wi Kowimj $ecx4,i*ea a c^oscjit


oi cCO. J*ln^s l>€ffaTe ll>e cenWrtr»<l iS tcwered^ 1)ie Tvioit fiat-

V^"farli:jTY cirxS\Aier fc> An5 <>tAfe4U©n is J/V^n tn. "Pro J. Greene S


" ArcWes ''
>, 13! ^ Wt iKe 1e<iuwjL$ a^fyJ^iTations tiiere.

fc\}v|'*S qr^\^Wi<» TYiet^ci (j ^f evj C<^»^5WcUoviS in GvajsK/r-

a iviueh sim^Vey yr^ce-i^uTC 15 5u:ffiO«nUv^ exact ^or ^ra^liCa)


"bixr'poses, Tki^ «a)I new L^ ]:>rcS eviiei 1
'AfKev^ t^^6 ^iosbt; TJocks Well ot 6^e ed^e , f«>. 36^-

lj)y\l/ // K Ccuit dtlicr And ore tnirn ^r«xflLu.a.l\^ ^r^ssecl

suy^oii^ cj^ e£>ntact Wt^mes W^v curui laryeT fr«TM. jl^c c©m-

CT' /ffl'^\ cint V'^'e.S^^-*^^ Wwc^rv hne WocV S , first <x\>-

^^^SV^^^ ]A*e4^ ci "the extreme adae \r» . \\os »^ow


5 >i^"/
^ oi^vTxvtcecl n'C4avev iKc micldle of me }£>iV't.
vvitix In 45 m, view we mokvj r€CJ50MaV>l« ^€-
^MXtL t^fi |oVi<i*»»>in<^ Irieovy ^ %^ location o\ ftie T8o£

%360 ARCrl OF MASOKRY 5too

^jvKjd.
*^
Curve ^ Vr<:;ssccre
^*
an ccy»U tu^tx <^iven iocwl-
J trt.

^n^ ani w\t?L FIRM P\ERSXWbelK«v- ^^e >'eYS ^0^^ yeaViy

35i. lvOCAT)OK OF THE TRUf U>/£AR ARcH.


Gvcintel tKat ft\e vouss^irs Vavre Wew cLssclv/ fttteot fo cack
&1Ker ovev'lVte ccnlervnQ (^iheeU <^ lea2 are som^ft^mcs aS€<}
tVillHe joUvfe to >>tak€ a.^«ff<r <^>^rnU4lw«i of ^rc^Utx^y] a**^lW
ISie 'p>ers are -jirm 5 arvdlK^t ^e ord^ can xtaw«? <xt<iVi wi\\

out \Ke centering ^ %€n iV% w6 TnulMol c».eiCcn»r»'^ciatiotq !>«.

• Twe»n ft\e vou.ssoiir5 ,as ike ce4^W\V»J 16 Uvuerci^me rciuU-


(Qnt <5J
%Q^ WcSSior<5 dislriWre^J over an\^ jotnfc Jfot -first
near ^\\t ejctir€ivie ciae of the jmnt ^oAv^cutces ir^eorcv fe lh€

36tpRACT)CAL COIVCLuSiOMS
If |orA4tvOt OrcK and. loa4tvva with, ^rrvx p?evS ^ <^v*.

<sf \>?e hclnlis A ]> Jtt<i B Fiy 3 8lJ enuVel^j wltKm ft^

t>ui t^e 'TtscciWrLt 'pressure dt evevs ictnt wj\l W wimi>t

aa Ihe ml^le ftikVd, matvs ftxa'^trt^^-* one vuhicVi n^ost

bol^Qori can Tot <h"awn *vilKiri tKa ml^le tnivd ^v4 only
one wilkvn fti€ fltrcVi -Ymy ctt oJl^ Itie oirch nta^ slavxi
but cVvj|>|pm</ <Kv\A Sj^qwlm^ are lil^^lv Tt cccur oct (h<S
-

§361 ARCHES Of MASONl^Y _^?gj_


\no rattst te c\-ian^^ed'^ since, Auliou-jH lt\o <xTrcJ\ m^y
starve?. ^Ivorv-^ ike re^/^tivtce (>f
IVje s"j:>an(3t-el wa\\s ^ SucK <2_

sto^Aily -mUMT Ve lo<ji/c<l oupa-H as ^recanous Anxi nol, Ct>ur<

t£-r»c«r>ce<i iV any 1ar«jc Jm|xrrli<»nt &TYa.^Cuve , T vcr»/ l>^


cnxepSlsj jn -St^iaU circles of WcW avi3 sfond^^i lV>€M^ occur
in )^iul<Jm<^s^ ftie ccrv»cot ^^ So tetnaci^us iKctt me wKo)e'

AVhe^x fKc '^"tvHt *ine<iv artk Vuas once. l»f€K deT€VJvt»M«cl^

Ih€ cxy^^oujaL <r| tne xesu^vo^vt l^jrcs-iure on awvj joint. •$ cji/-

€vT V)o )Be lev\^U7 erf i^t 'Wo^cv RAy iw 1>>^ fovre Sia^-jr^m.

ARKA1Y6EMe?srTofDATA foR CRA?HiC TKBAtNVbMT

.36*3. CKAI^ACTER Of LOAD. I^ mosi Uv^e k.r<)e

constat occlw.<=.ivic\^ <rf m^$>or.rV cxb To the rood • way l^ut


*^a>^>alW <3[ eciyfli -JO\mo oiaCYt )\yt maso^rj^^ orce{)t cd me
"^cues of \he OfcJTck MiKoe tVie s^nire^ wai^^ '5,tr^fi^ as
irelainh^5 v/oilH to VioU tKe earthy Fia
36^. If tl^e xnlya^cs \<> a Kolf

^38y
tjprmtjtnO'-\ine k) .about ^0 or rS
from V^-»e croww^ F<o. 3?iS*^ jo Ht«tt 1he

jacvtion tff arcU y»v\^ tclavw AB Ivsay

be cc?wSici«Y€<i a.s yanrt o^ %t a^XjCTrv^tra ^avi<iiKi<$ AB I5

tK e v\\ tu.a] s|p rxncj {


n^ -\i n6 fo >' cjWjiV^ c tv^ati m en t -

iVte ViCU4vic\\eS <^ rKe mc<i*^ <?cv-ch ^witH carlV ^Wted c3-
--

% 35^ AR CH£S Of MASONJRY 2o_^


Xn any ef ft^e |»<cecima cases it J& c^s-
LOrviAvy To cijr\S4<3lev- trux.t^ov\ ax^oM.vit of

tne \5onc)m<^f erf m^ st<iv»es ik tt^^ avck

% 35^ REJ:^k)CBX) XCAi^COMTOUt? .

Ir\ Hie cpfa.|>Wlcal ^ISCM-Si>rcn tf( a. jsmr^sM ctrck We ccvy-ytS^

ck\ayvi\^a one. FOOT tt^tcW ^tVjiS ^<3lr«^vva. To€iM.or vevtjca] 0^%^


*1 tc ^e coi\6 o^f ^7e arcW '^ 1 .e* \Ke ^<:<m\»^a »s {} to %e 5^»».

drel vvaHs . For ^voi^ii'vcOQl Ireafrwie.v^t e^jtcal areats <?f tV>e el-

evcxtson QljJL Ft'<3. 387j[«T^^^^ Y€^TCSe>it e^txcj vy elcj his , "^l?

^-prp-tx inA^ tiie matevtol of me arcK-nW asA

E» LOAD-COMTOOR''^ ue. Ike i^Ma^Ww \me ^A M^ ftic

scvnts « la<M^o<^o»^o<-c^ Icaxi ©"f


tkc ^ciiY>e <]i€v^ty as Ike <\y<k-

eXAJViP)-H OF
36'6'.

RHDUCFP UiAD -COKTOUi^


Fvsv, 368. G iven an arcV^ rTn<7

T^s. ^^ptY ciA^oiC ^60^^ w«ik o<. AtaA


F.-^, 3ft9

til (k«tavr.= ICO)^


dislviktcleol cxs m "fiC^»*Tf e . f\x. It^e, ]3oinl *^j,cyf Ik^ eicTv^i-

^^063 tke ael>(V i' 5«et of rt^'taW^e is e(ju.;vaWi^t To c^dej^t/t


§ 366' ARCHgS OF MA^OMfeY '-^03

4 [ «[^ X 6 1 ^. ^. i ft. ef <^raml£ , ^^W^e iSit 6 fect


cf e^rw IS c^o^vilent r© ra££- X 6'T =, 3,6' feefc<ff Gran-
*
-^
ite. }\<r^cc\kt i?^DUC>^'^^

-{est. Tl-iot 15, {or^&cycval '^^(JinVs df ti*© arck-rin^ extr<3uio5

H^e eaY^k oriirvota \r> tKe rolio \7o : loo av^A a<I<1 {tie re-
5«^Y^ J
selUv*^ eff tWe s**tK v^ttccJlj froivi tWe |>o*f!t 1VV The

t^viatniteOh e -foot tU *'(&!<, Ttu5


df eou^sc V16W includes llie

Citti^ Wici<^e rti6 liVe^^odL*^ ("a Train ^ WomoF|V€^^e,


J. ^ {£. Hike an exlreimc easel can n^ W <iis^e^«a*Jeci
cikJi -for eAd^, <5f ilj yo^JjVni we Wave ot "SeJ:y<«vciTg i^P-*

t^min <5| l«c<M^otiJ«5 w<t4aVi*iy 3 ceo iks. Wv- rtAnnlv^


l^ot df "tra^ C£JVe.yS owe Wtf ^ ^^^ ^j^arx, iTttVfoYw^y
^4s|r«Wu.W Wey^^Uj; ^r fW wUlk^ 1? ft^ iKi's ^Je d[
Uo^j^^ Is e^u4va)eHt to c\ tr\^ag^n^\j \ocnA o-f one ^ooT
K«i}K i^%*<i ^$0 lU. 1,er cu.k'ft. licco/^m^iS *«£. ik e-
J

,'
Sidierci.. Hcvtcc -frovwv f <
<^ . "J^C we obtain Fw
%3S7 ARCHpS or MK60NKy 20y

E OjiS.- ^
^ CoWXOVR

36'7. PJERS AMD ABUTMENTS. Ik, c, ^eWes of


e(^ua\ arch*:$ "ti^e "Vi'ev \jerween Two co>^s(j6uIvv;e av-cUe£?

lotAvs s^»^|>i^ tVit weicjVii -a] tkti Two acljcifeht S£)Vl|-o:.r'

Wes ^
^Aa6 \Ke l<?ctcl \n-.vwef^ialew above, hte yicv oind. •*•

<ioes viot \-}£xL^ to be as Wy<:|e as the aWulV>ev^ts of TKe fiv^c

VAi^ ^cist t^vc\ies


J
sthce noust b€
rtiese laiTcr lyrejxxi-ec) fe

re^{«t rtie ot>liQu^ tKrtxsts of fhejr arcKes wfiliou.L Wtf^


'Orvx. rtiC rfirM.^t o| ctncfrtAey arch oh t^ie olRcv Si<Je,

tdrnavw to n^cikei a ^ew o^ the irtie>fv^ediai"e ]:>i€rs lar^<»^-.

'.Toui|l^ To ccci OS aout>nents . (nese, <Xre cai\cd <^"-^^€Mt


.ieT5^\ o^w<i fn ca^e one arcl^ ^-UovtAcl ^q}\ ^
woLc\dW
txC otVievs

leiX cxce^^t These <3Ccu,rr\v\Q 'V>cTweevi VUe SAme two ai:>uiiT.ent

]:HeY.s as 1\ie "^nst. 5ee .Fib 39-2 , A A' ePc ave aWt.^/eirs.

Gf?APH.ICAL Tf?rATMEKT of ArcR .

[>yecediviy l>6i-h5La'bxbViS^ fov <x .aivcn atcW i^vod load ^w< Ave
-veaavj to "j:nraceecl iv'itlt tVie cjvaf)Vnc treattv»eht )
i»€,,il'}'^.

e p q vaW y ^
>i e c e sS aV ^^
to \re at ^ s '
cu )u\^^ tvi a. u v\d t?r Hi e il)^^ -
.

% 358 ^
Ai^ CH Sj_crj(l A 50 M K Y
^ _^^__^ goo
CA,^^E:I. ^YMMtTRlCAk Af?cK ,w. SYMMETRICAL
LOADING, C'^U''^te^.ly'^A,evv>,<Xnc',.t) oraea<i *•
lo^.u».

LOAD CON-Toui? r ,. V- . > \

(^ w\tK <5nV| o«e "half (so..^ M-»£. le{-!:


) of
Q av c h c\yx3i \ocui
111 ' . 7)\M I'cl € Th s s t?m
I ;

•^N
' ri^
t\-rr\\ (AvA.a W<J mto Six oir^^n diuiS-

p^*- Kai-|«sban-1
iipn-^ Idu veyltco.) Unes* these ams,6K5

(a. Co»av;ev^;evAw;koU. v.urv>loev of (^et^ eJcC€^4" tl.e la^t On^,

f€venl w;a\H (tt^e Vcfv,»aantof


13^ itifi Kor,^ on lal a, ^TaH^t- LC)
The wpUjUt 5-f m^<,onYX^ m ccic^ awUich i4 ^(^Hcxl io

(tW arfa of ^^w^srot?) Xr^^^'^^


til W<v^^^e^ y /V^e^^ltl cf ^ \

^.xa IS 4hi,ed rt^.Tou^U rt.e eer>r>e of -^avUy of ^e <^^ws/..,

.^^^ 6 •>.
JS ; or i>:^ !,S7^^.
""^ &
r: Oi^U. v/^^'ei^ht of liie ]>e4ix<)c5Vi t^ N
^'1'' ^ F^cj . 3?3\..v.a Us Vne 4 a|^i;,4-
tjcn (jKrou^^ centre ef cjrt^vily) iv.<3,y V>e
|<j^^^
\>j/ cor>^V)mm^ rcsu-lts fcr ^Vt€ ivvo Vv^eioi'Jf
into
vuViJcV it j^ di'Nr^aed by a vertical ^KvoccqI^ T .

New consider A , Hie mU^ . • •

Ale }>ojnt df the cj>ulineni


]oml,<x^ tire sW»>^<5 ]><}int

fovtKe (jW«wloA.am^^^i<Kd^y^- A
— — —

% 36^5- ARCKBS O'F MASONRY


" i« •
— — ———————
~" -~" '
— _A^^—
"^ ^rti6 hTt«d<i)e
<?f
"Hie crown joiVrt^^"^ H\ro«^Vi tV%e r^UdJeof

proceed as bv § S'fS.^tKu.S dcVerrvwfntVa ttie \o\^^o\^


A> {or the Ka^- «rck^ 1>kxw joji^b m
ill e arch -VrTM^r Ihrou/^ ftvds€ |>ouJts wk^ve ^^.^"f^ 1

CHX^s ^e^aroXitt^ "five obvi^mHS/^not lVi6 c{^»^v- \X

jeiVVs are ^ut 1>^ B>e S€<)^ents <?( 1^« *<JuiIu- O^ '
3? 7,
Inilovi ^>oK|Cj|oi'V Fio, S??^ -sere tKc W*Ji o| a|>|>Utallevx »k.

w'hu€ tK^ cwwoMvit c^ndl 4rrection of coci^ sjxcK |)r £1,3 were is

A^c»v "1^
-j(5^
Vt^3 sHouU W. juJU!t4*usly rrforei(\t/^rtivvi !!>€

rni^^U tVirvd") fe -Jtni if bWAsle ciii^v€«r arcK wV^TcU Vee^s

^€ !V?'i«iih^$ cf >Ke £xrc^-rm^ ma>/ W tx^reo^ecl <:i the


oWUM^ivtt C'^tvtk^ <x StvoJ^ev vw:v;fase Wjord tKe crown'^

TrcWuIiD*!; or airri>urtt
«f tnC ^c<3L3m«7^ if a^lcwaUe I'v^ay oa'in

fb»»^ dtoject^ Tf but one Imear avcVi can We drciu/n vvimm


"W naldlle Ikirdt ,^ tvux>/ W
c^msider^d tSe^^Vuje* one 'if
5€Vev-aL^ tke OTrve most nearljy CcJ^iVciAJviO witW fti€ mi<i4^es
<yf
ft\e \fixr^ { see § § 35/ otO 36^3 {4 So CfinsicUw^
%Z^% Co^e It

CA-V- ARCH',(eLv5^ a.rcU w\|W^»v£ loa<i Covev\vva one lialf-


s|><xn c\A in, R(>5. 'S'lO an4 ^^IJ Here we must cvJel^vit-

"lu jx-s^ <\ ^iaU 'force cJvoujroiim. ^»a5 "th^ -TuiX e^evA-tioH of
% 38f Af?CHE S' Of MftSOKgY 07

?t.

y.mt at mAl

' m;<i<ik o{ frie Cr<>wr» joint. \ Iick V>v/ 5 3^1 (^t4^> '^n ^^i'^

Wvum (2>t«Loc\meav anrcW) IKroco^U ^-tfse 1W<< ^^'nk


Y^<^(>yy

ISe rrvvJulk Wdl, Aii> fe) tt\e •'ivvAC llvte^y OcrtV' ci^atw^i

0^ fee desj^n jJc.., i^e sa»M€ r€ma>lc^ ^t*^> ^^ ai^eoitf Y^"^'

en m C^Se I, Tevy {re^^iA^i^lj H V^ hct s^€<t$$<:s:vy^laww

-rtA

THcin X^e -^rr^^iVuxL -^t ;<; rv^cil always ajj^c^re^xt fkx Mt^
?*vsj>*i<^vcn . a>U 1ti& ov><?- A\yeaJ)> iravA/n (jj wiiW Wi^^^e Hx»i^J

vvVU {uy^sic aK:cWs Si^'fr^^**'^^ oic^i^vole for iKe |>reSS<4r€

CDvi7«^eYeA «&at»6fa^:Wy until it rs asrfrtotn^ IWt |cr ^^C

(L) WliK»A tiFve m\dSt Iturcl cf ttTcl joint 5

(^^^ At <^r\ avv^jle cf < 3C w'llii ^r\£ nox^al tc J<?tnt -^yfact".


$ o.:. A*^CK!?5 OF MAScK'V^Y ?oe
§ 36#f ASUTMEKT^, Ike ^UTf^^.i 5Uu)c^ U a>,^f. ac<-

7AiitS$. The |>rtl^5M,r<S of Ihe 'bi^Jt^t VOiM^Soiy i/^pn Jt (cok^


^j-^ftvcW^ oiVrM^^ia cno^ -foot thoiV) 15 <jw«w* W^ HKe }xropcvv:vv

:)vi tke a.mi»*^Kt <XKd iv*f elt^.n of the YtScclto-wt ^|^»v*<'c( j^y

00a
3'?'?.
mM 3D ,
c<u(i {hid ^e^ cenR?. o^f<?v^AVll

wrtk J^ «ji^ m€^V' mrevseeluJta D. Tke


ytSi^iVfi^t X sUotJi \^A cut tk^ %a.^c RS JH

.
,
, «*.f>fitr>l "kt-jOKu^ rke mt4Jle ^MYiL (jev^if Hiti rme

osxe or Tlv-o Vwols ScJ^'sfo^cUvy wUlk f-^in We Jbtamc«!,


£?t

^W« i>k«Ml<i also \?<^ assavtcl IKaI tU <\K^ie;g]D(^ {s*


less TkAwi 30*^. Tke VuD^xo^^kl j'^jUIs ok^i/^, RS skotJd
<silso %e tesled as if Hvty wev-< ^
T.^ U>n ,
tke l6vve<'l Wa
aud \f >kecc^5ayy n\-^v| bs iVc\mi<i (_hW inn) U )>>^vtfvvC

£c|uuxv^ iVick V > TVuui 7^ rtie crc^^KiVij. $Tve.H^ik


©f

itve W£A'c|kt of \^t \o3iv ^c. Ct Co^v5<.c)erccVj\« extent.


Tsa. MAX\^10^^'> r op Afti^""" (^. s so f^F"FiR'~uMrr
BtSUi^TANT Pl^e'SSUfiE FAU.S AT AN^
AAfKH^A/TH£
Q^i^H DISTANCE PpOMtHC MlXl-X^if o^cx^H'-? to NaWa-^^ j

^^ AS
IS'cj. ^OC

avf ^r<:»|><5rtio'^ia! U l^e. Hues "K c'^i<l, vnt*)^ a C)wa)c..Us^)

IKvouijIt wWfise ctX« tff cjrWy ^. ctcts . "But (^


^ <6 J

If -na*; '
d
9 %
Co^st IL.I.t :H ouiMdie H^e wvU,
fall v<i^c.aot^.€
~^TICI (y^ -L
c[Jj
^voka mUdlc of Wt, Keve since It^-e

fiv-eyt co»M|>uk Ihe v^^^qy\ ]^y<ss, )?er5ff, i'k

li
;U«S

1 III I
I T I
III II
4%-,,

**
|/8 (ft lift
/8
I P >.?

I
8 a 1
^ d U ? ^il'f
(<i <n. inches,^
-

^ 56^r ARCH - RlSS 10

1^ ct t'ioi'cI ctcrv'^ii l>earw^ ellKev Sob4-/CV Ibu^lt ujr.


^^
|>»('te'3 VikC <\ Xru%^ (^c^^d, fl^en cai)e<^ o\ loracecl arcW
)

tr\V3ed iviodle of c,^>^>c>>t it \f> Kere Wo^o-seci "to ^let^vmmfc',

"The v»b fc$> 5u.^][>oSec\ <*><|nr\metvx£a.l «3ibou.t a veyTiC*li {^UnC

In«vl<^ <y{ <^r^^ trv^s section i6 uWevdoxjd ^o Tc? e rej^rreci f©

<lva«ne<i GonAftton VMa^cv a load, il'S sWo^C- <AiffcrS 5© iiHie

nate 'itself , ci^lscj )[Viat iKc <iiiiv» evasions o"^ c\ cros5-5ccr»oi^aye

cr( t^-)^ «.c\vv«dL axis ,


Quiw^tK H\e s|)aa.
.'

366\ W0J3b OF ^OppoRT, "Efikev- exrvemity^ li^t

T»l;> ma.>^ be 'Vvinped to fts V»er rwjUitk <5f^t* Irteclorvt ts

ft^e crv^^tcua^y^Kl-line to tM.rn (n ^Kc v^LylliJ ]Aav\e of U^e

^.o Vji^Mt-i'M ,
err loolt^i to tU« '^I'ev ^tVuxt ^Vlfi «»^iv
rv!^\*c1\y

tsvvK^ent Atne i& mcaj>a3^1e


©t
cKc^vijm^ IPs dliveclioK whti^^a"

loncjVVie v'llo .
oi»^ci of cou-y^e destroys US •naicl(ty^<5y ve5i^{

TAOv^^oyitcil <Xwc<^ *n To Hie ^xiS ©f Itne r'>t> is meanL


tvicJcvrrtY rxo jrvxove tVi<xvL rtwee jw^cU K»nap^ couAcl Ve
-

S 365^ ARCH H\BS 2H

366, ARCH R\B AS A FREE B<5DY. In covisdfr-


mn' fi^e v^K^le rtb -free it is convrej^vcnt^ |oT^<jT«i|»kU«l tyfsP^

intr.t ^
tVuxt rvo :,ec'^ion T?€ covn.ceu/e^ mcuJ^ d its exW«v4^-

ities "<f I'Xe^ ^ keuce »Vw cleaLn^ witii. m-ol rvio<5e df :iujb

l^ort rtte eiA^ c| me tHI? wAl W Cov^swicreci a^ liavii/to a,

of rV.e y\\f AncI il^s tcj^voacwl ^ine m ft^e s^^^^e )3c?5ilVvta*^^

rv'^.4-oa sk(:>ws FREE -^ h

fixed m Yhe ^levSjWirtt ^

TV^e ol'Uty fcyccs ^ Hie p* h ^o

t^.Y^ 1It6 l"»<3vl2.0ir>tal C(nc) vertical eo«fv\\>otvenU <5| m€ ^


J(X€(^ €wcls ^cW ^ rti€5e-^v^ct«1i*ovis \s A. 5K<^le for<e
r>ot iV.rcrscclivto lVk>^ ei^dl of IVia v'tjo^ WlT euitiw J [Ke vefli'

avTcl in. G c^w'^e riokt_)at 5(?m€ s/eyU<|.ec( ^i^l^^t^ (*

( cr c7 ) frtJw lite evul. Mev^c^ tk^. U.tility O^ Wxt^a tv^a^-

ino^vy >)T-<)\<3V^*Uiow\5 Q^ F , CW^d 3 R Q. ^"ftiC p»er fc>t.iAx^ •

Su.j»]^cS€aL r<rviove<i, Cc?v»^ bc^r^ fC^^. 1>H ^ <:^<^<3 3oO.


—,:

An This SvsTetM, cff forces tUcv& are -j\ve uaJ<Kovv;v;S Vi2,

V",'^ « H"^ Av*3 ft\e d/^Wces e ^v^ d . Tkc^ir «^<Jt^-

Iv^inaUoti ^y) o^<x\yj^\S ff ftv^i T"*!* IS <^ cirCtxlfty arc fs ejt-.

(Pv^, ?didig"s >y^€lV»i>^ 3 sec ]b. 1?^ -fov reference^ tfc t^ Co«^ ^

O^f TiO ^V>eJ\c^ Su^fiCi evilly oxctorate '[or j^rwchcar'^uv j^cS^S.


"This metriocl coviS^sis ck ce>nst>u.clvi>fi5 Uozl*^^ *b Ac loC<^-

liea of me' s)3-eci£?i) eov>M.Ubvitx.»vt ']j>o\\/£jon A*a<i il'S 'forc^di*


a(jram. Jn c^6e "^e riW is V*vvj€^ U Vke |>i'ers ^jH-^e i^e-

acWis <5| Tl-ve UHev- act lkvcu.<;K mese VWj €«=> PIc, H^i^

ftie ^ndis ofn^e rib o,^ "B o>^^

i^KDVv'K (pufxvililies itve d*il>j iKrf e

ave four^ljui S'X«- ^iv/*^ Hj^^ ri^ The soWl\oH i>j ^v<-

367. UTILITY o^-KiK"^ SPi^CjAl t^'GOlLiBRluM


fOkyGONocAj \lrs ^dYc< cluxj2|>ci.irn The tcse locaKn^ <:?{

t^<LSe wai now V>€ ;lUfIW<c( [See §33^1 a^^r^irU


'^
ua S% 3 3R oa*^ 33^ line co<^);>ves5iov\ »»* ecicU "-voc?

anti\sWes5 r^Switcint of Hne cross 9«Jions m iVi^ corye-


iwa portion of thC Tseci**^ Vtt^ O** otncy
^l^ewxc! iJroieujwve
HiC va3*<t (5{ <W cot^re^sior? Ak lbs. or tons) V^^frta

t^Ca^yaivi , Sco[>|>osc tViai in. 5<*Tvtc wa>^ (^tc !?<. «3git|»^<^i«^^ S**i»-

I
% 367 ARCH-R^es 5)3

-lU o<\iy cvoss-^cAi'oKi cj H>£: vil <xs oT ttX^, '^ki's

oclivv^ iW fte Vne le^ awi «*f


An amount ^v^k ^ Itifi

P , t^V^rdi wUix rt^« cW tic forces at" 7n ^orm c^^x^sl^ti*

-free. B«ticf Uk
iky The WtA<*i<:

|^e<B*j>^'
line AKtA rt»t>nor^
rvia.\ aCm AS

Uav^ 2, (tftMd c<>»*,|^)


Tt !> 1^« >
^*^^ J voVucK <xb}?<Ar m fine Octy<ssioii^

coULpc 'A»tA J tKe^^^f-^iear. Tkc5< ftWhc stresses


c^v^ closift^ as »K S 2^6', ^^4^1 stt. "]», «**«! Pa
Ore. ]t<. ^ *^«iSi« '»il£i* ^ lk?'»^ '«
'"^
^^^-^ijifc^t

^, mcV^^wKi^e X i^ tSe^moi^^ewt sf moft«a*' e| Hie ^«c-

tion aVout Uiai cjravi^ oocU.[Sc€ S § 2^ 7 aui :2^6%«i)»o

^cxme «c6 (f 1? acted u^ow ^lAaWtl jjroAoKjaliOh


dvr^ctly

<rf ft^e -vilo at T C^o UTevsfct "^c fi^^.^oii^ ^^ shrJwttlK

^orce clia^r^tvi. is also /'''J* .•' • ^ / '

then {rt^vv. mU '


(<TL^-^CJ •> A \^
',

*
vertical tnTevccjjt Ve- J ^*"' ^^

-free Wo<ly ^w^ Vav<- {rovw 2 (^tawtd, coivJsok^JstO^ r\ Cpi«s^,F

who 6 >xoiM. 2L(^rvuMM5, a»»ou-6 .


-u t
ihe <^r»Vi^ axi<» df 77x3= C)j wtUave T^ Ct « ^^ '^
"^
e
Bui -fro^M the Ivvo ^nrvaila> ^vcvK<yK$ (^aA.ed \ ont tf tix<*M,
% 3S7 ARCR- R\BS !??S
wV«)vie we mqy rewrite tKese -rtkitons «sf«^lows^ittt

IF THe SP?QAk &<3UUiklERklK P6lY<Jo>/ >WX) \TS


FofJC£ OlMRAWl HAVE S£^ JDKAiWX ^...^ ^e*, «»yck.Ht
'
of <I»v«K tnoAe. oj ii4i^«„^«Ka-«^o^o.3-w^v."Uaa;„j tkev.
(y*. oavj crosi ieclwsn t^ 1fKe Vil} , we V^we (F= ocv^a. ef sec

m3[(^<>f IHc^^iifet alcujYamJ


tt^otr rt»e t<x>>^. liwe <?{ ike >\U
'*i at n»fc ^weM Section

,
©r W>J (o^ TKe -^C <i>a^t«»iij

(5*e S§ 2S3 ««d 5SfcJ)

(3.3 tU WlOMe>/r (y( i^e^J H (ov J3ole-di«Wice) af Ike


frrtxe-dio/JTiMn few Jhe vfir-

tvvj tWijk U.4 of The v*^ a^in* 1 fc tW bu..ewJt(*r


,

% 369 ARCH- R^BS SLl(,

ve^TiCa] m1«rcei>}^ WW ten. tKe .tjW cxn^ s^^cial eOMUiWum

"^6^. It H tViuS &<en >iow a location d| H\£ SJ>«Ci<*2

€S 10 oS\ tKc C"n?65-^^Aa»\S of iW eujrreA Worn uridev

^d^iS ©-f IKe Vtt, -^or yrw^^v ^»ccairib^

1r)Tac4W(w"il[K oBrievS wW«i V^ ^^coroiVl wiiW it^ to |>rtv€nL


bu^ciAiv*.^ sU€k<^v|S' tn any Y«irt like ClIok^ Cciamri ^ Behove
U Ike C«ryv^>5«Je <^|>^cal QxrcA>p\s d\ rtv£ Atffo-ent CciS.« of
arcVt^TiW ^
]t w%n W vu:re^,Ja>^\ <J<vcle tVft next fe%v |?^ya.-

'^-qroj;^^^ i col ari ih rrtcTii J


'
36^, CHAkGE JKTHH ANCi^f BETwEEl^ Two

ed ^
as CDf^KJKxxezL uAjf^u lU yoiWe Wf^vc loA^mJ • Consoler

setuW Cross- :^<lu}ltj :^ Fi^ .^07. t*€t 6a *=^ 45 Vel^e

VjJ A»^^ %e Two «a*%Ae€cdwe la*it^<yit-Vnes^ at 5 ani A,

tv \i^g unif^TtKiy rfisIyiWreci 1oi*v6ev\UcJ 1Hyw^ huX aye.

^00 e 5i<ie ov l^c dtkey df IV^e «jr*\v^ly oytCiS C ©r A ^ of tKe


sectioYt) \^ ttxe s^stevvt <y| -^vccs tviok^ wViat we co^^^ flit

**stve^s cou^jjlc ,tKvr^^^ wcVveelt y^e sTV-e^s «^ Ike di^Kt^i


yer Squays mcK ^ so ^Vioi fee iaK/jcvl IjAc at 3 n<»w t^kcs 8)6

IseS^i^vi Use. tWj T^rw^cnts Ai^hAs o^ tti« 4r^&^ <utn^ ^ayud

-net en ^e. pe*iU*n m s|>ctce <*( tKis J>ayt flf IHe "rsU^muilxtnce

Wort ^tWi .'t^A, ^

(oY- G'A'f? - d<^)3 CU'is tKe new W,t.^ 4 ^^'^ ''^^

"fcnre^at iisUnte e ^rey^ A ,


<iiA< to I^C frrcc t i^^^ tS

BMt5a€0%*A£l>iCal\y Ja also =r c ^^ •". ^

dt. m o«My "JsArt/cvLlAr t«.se]) vw^ l<u.ow ^vohi §^?S* •f*^


%36f ARc>hR\6S af8
•jiUjlioia in V.0 we "WiXi/e
Ma^
af= v- C^3
rl
370.TOTAL cnKH GE [.\^ J*}^j wTHS AK6J^ BE-
TWri^N THE EKlKTANGENTSpr A R\B ^le^ore^^

fiied at one end (Xnd

Whew tke vtW 14 tcH-

V>os«4 to Uc^ Hie Icft^

lU own wficj'Wi Wtvt^

na<^WW •
^fc 16 net

Kct *s evihTel*^ %*rtA»owyC <T>cui^ Fxa ^0%


'^^'^t*

After i:A<JiUj^n>n ttic


^^^]J^ tKi$ Avt^li^ Ka5 inCvcAscc?

§ 371 EXAmPlF Of ^ ^^

EI J.
%3 7[ ARCH- KtSS -^^ &.,

4s of ftie Warrv,wcfi^ H^^it "Vl -pX ^ mom.ijf ikc

Td€ frien loou^eA ('v<r'i(htiJi eiostvir limii^iAd d^«Tn^t:i»4>H ^i^nt)

PRoaECTioKS OF'THFj:)J^P>^AceMBNT
37i^.
OF A^^K PoiNT OF A U3AiD£>0 W6 REIATIvi^IY
To AwoTHBR PorMT A^D m^^ fTVKCE/VT ^»Ni? AT
TH'E LATTER • Xet O "Uc iKe Wrnt w^os< disp^ce-
\rveKb J^ cansiAeYcd onA B fr»e o1Ker.^int. fC^. ^10

"Scti^lxriFJed In <xn^ WQi( (Fi^. *ffO) \


X**\ O'^^^^^^^^C^

l4o«x3: Will W £aVWd Ax ,tWt «4<^k3; ^ Aj^.

tc B Oi^^ tb fe*u^ewf4mc 3T, ^ cA»t) "its «k2«^« 4*5'

j
4argt»»gnt m ^^ace ^ S<v»<:e net(N«v "B >v>r 3T Ws *v<?v*
%37i ARCH-R135 3I*T

"^tfrrvx vxn.^ cr ex loadL a*%<i H^e <:xl9»<1uJ^

ii^Wcemmt d[ O W m^^ W-i n«>t s«

B''5 Ibii^crvt "BT "(or 'BT VmxS h»o^-


oi Vie**/ \x3stl4en
e<l Id C^«>^*«0 T^ "f*«^^

cad m. StccV oi way ftyd^ 6 Of^ BT


tvvoM CO mcul^ w»fli mevf orujtvvoJ posi

ttottS
J
FtV, ^/2 , li 15 run/ SeCK

A^ Q^ fcu-t -|oy iKis cas€ tf( W^ed ewis


J2<>^
i»^rv«4)V^~

?kai\ wrl^e 4x=^ *^vo c<s co*«-i^yc A wiltt Ay^(fcjt,.^»ci£

375.TAkUF5 OF ^^"^<^'-«f

MEAfl RELATIVELY
To S /«<» 6'4

'\>et»^ tolWM. ^ ,\ ft

F«^.^'^- Aw '-^

cj ftit d;f{«y««t <-*'^4* >


'
O EQC i^ i\ie uH^wii^^-i ]oTrr^ ^yhe-^^ wVOle 0^^ E**1D*
C B l^ Us j«lFrM. 4«»^4rY S<»%«^ ) »aAi ^ ^<- 4A**Jhey ^]wvt (^tU^
g

^Trm^^y, Now £o^<eive tke* rA> 06 fe "{wi^^ Inlo )^s sl>«u»i-

frtC S^^^ on^l^ cZ^ (^(i€^ev*^ent oh Ike tvu>*t<^ d^ Ike ^«^S

-rv^te ^'ece OC 1o torn ^Uout C A5 a. c^ve mvoco^Ul^


Sarvi€ SwicUl o^U <i<^
-J
\\€v*.c< \\it "bomt O dcscviWeS <x
^tTicOii aye - SV ^wVio5« ro^tlxS s=^ "t^C V\e VjIxStVietiuse
«r( ftie 7^ «xnd
J^ *t ^ ^^^ ^\to^ < vwiuje *\ ts St) c ^dj4

a. l^^tofT arc 0*0** - (^S-oy ^ t^'c?^^, m.vvKi^H u'^s; ^<

Tea to O o.^ x: r^t a^-r^ciaio)^ off^ctej


<tirt
J TVi*i3 ^

€adrv .^ 5«timi 'h^yi^ b«en oSowad tcim iWwu-jlt /he ^

cawed Yivye O^m^^O^ ^^^^ te


IBm.'C o V sz CCcJ^ .j and 'fYt)rM Si^vvUa^v yi<^^i'-tWan^l«S

ana ^-"^
^

If the rit tS hom«<^ke<K<s f \\ Consh>nfc^«t>u} ;( ,1: J^ of

1he veAio} ]>Une of )Kt A^ axU iU.,^ it i5 a tu.wea ^)


for >ffeY€«^C.
2

BS "fet^^^r^r^^t-V'o^ jtlKc ot^m Vemj ot Q \ 1 CT

TH^Y-PROiECT/OMof 0\ T)15->
f
MXcJs ^

tnfc-.cuYvp^ 3s ^H. dlevvvevtt of iV^at curve M lh<. *h««-


<vit of Hie ilrrts^/Uit^le m l^e c<»Yres|)<aKdtHy s^cIiok tK<,
% 3^i^ AfiCH-R\6S Qll
37^ ot. RESUME o^-r»e PROPERTIES cpHciO)-
IJBRUiW Poi.XGOH(S ANP THEIR FOf?ce IDIAGKKMS
FOR StSTEMS OF VERTiCAI LOADS. Sec %% 3&S%i^3.

Two obulmcnt v<r»

Vjcol^y^ to "(orm «^

tic., select «nj

:> \ ^

11 to O .A tV iWcT»ccl HxfcVne 4^, } ^^^ °^ " ^*^i-^j


««4 ^<5 en u^xUl ^irwally a. WtriO Q.^in Q jK JUtermm^d*

Xint (^w«.H \*otflis A**4 lo«i verticals ou«<l I5L3 2/ »S

^e^cnts Fo. , ai?^ -tic ^if iovs^si^re:^ to ©e noi^ An^ int-

fttvi "ttie tc.Tn^«*»^€i] ones W^?j%Jr^eints F^ ov«<J ^^ ^


v/»u44 Vc

<flv«M IcMs^s ar\£L aW(vv>tT»Uvcrt«coJsj ^r^ cKodSfv^ ^t^^^CMt toles


m l^e ^oTce diagram, ^ One olPicy iKown U H\« -fi^u-irc
>$

fovivie<i o{ "broUcvv isjv^kes ^ O "tS Ms b<'lcT For aM c>f lKcs«

tt\t ^o<ii*W€ m rtii^ sam< |>otht 77^"^^ whicUcvev £^u.Uibvi-


C^V Xf ^^0^ vertical CD \>e <^ravi/n
,
^wmy otw "mfcVCe[>(r

16 (^^ fi^, ^/Vj "f^r <str^ TWo <^ ^e j>oljji?nS */« ka\i€

(Jhy TKe " \^k A.^slan^ "^ H ^ <rr H U^ foil fv^K^. %t

ere %z vertica] covr^^onenTs of me cor»*p>-es5mHS tvt, Ths a-

d{ eoLc*K 7^|*^ji K. -pct^ ^ each c{ vrtt CDrut\>ir^s^ions fu, alt

iTi«^\; cOsc) Wc caiV^ fte attjim^wvi reorTionS (^\v<^u.ej fii»/>'

l^oo-ds . Ho^sft^ flfw-e** \Vie< \V^^r€^ pwiV^Ts we ivi/^ dvowA/*

376'. SU^)^rt^T!Q^^ (SP PROjOUClS.'S^ot^l.rAteed^


no^ U IVeai ^a^>V\l<^a\)y c^>j fi^^^ c^ avcVx > r i b$ ^ Q, jew

CONSTRaCT(OK. $u|>|>o^« it Te^uivei fe ixAoke fte


Su.mmaJiov7 Sfxz.A i.c^t^ 5»uiv. the seW^s
\nCj'^j<3T i^WlraU<?'ti. ikat Two g[ tVie ^^ /z «v«<l -z^

H .
^^ ^

ovifKe s<^rv*e s-Gsii< <»c5 !lic OC *s ^ tti^t^ the SUlVl>»*»tto^^ •>-?-

C4^jl
H ; X • V
0^0, ^o on. %.^ H Cv^^-'Vtlc) ^ H X FT? -=^ H"k ]
376, GRAVnY VFRTICAL, f^ti^ '^t saw.^ cov»4ruc-
l/on vn FCq. ^LS we can cAtTev^^j'v^e IVie Im^ <?( «*rfioH (oh
c'jVak^/5tY vevtiCal) ^/J^C )KXv«l)ie] VCvTlCixl foirc^S 2:^ ^-2^ 5 ttd.

dr loads oucTs ti\yoi*^ C ^**>^ ^^ v^^vHca} m tii^s case ;i1s

t\-ie fcrrc€ ctiauj-rrxrvt iD^yJnn&le^i t^ tke ^rt3J>€r Scale. It \S vi<?W

•Si<bpcscdi iKat tKe -zl'^ >-e|>>^^«>»^ forces ^ the X 5 Vev>^^ Hzetv

Tes|5eeUu€ Wrv avms aVo^l' F, I^ iKfi ^'j Tr<j?T<rS€y»i' "le

CAY^as of Siv^al^ fmi'te "fvyHeks of ^ Vrje ^lanc f^^^re^we weiy

<^v^ct F^voeVux^e also y^ .^{jQ ^ ^(^0 5?«c«.u5f 2fe)

J*
"^^T^inlKe }>o'\x)<^on FQ m SK-tk ol |>o^Mion as To

;<Jvrtnj. '^WCb /^^^ 3 ^ ^^^ •


^ ^* )>eriw«rcv c( %e. "^y^Cjon

^(tc) iS Id c 5 *»»€.. "Hve SM^vi ©{ ^ J>«3jUv> Us

COATPiTfOKCn::) "S. («^^) 15 fe ^ Oj i'»e. IKe ^um •{


e sn ARCK-R18S <?36

*j?os^t"tl>,^ uPs. motst - tkjit of %t v^^cjlattt df l^e negative ^'c^*^^

Ire d\T€c\\v <^^f2f^ ^*^ i^i±^^ • f5wX tlie <rr«imar€6 tC

1*1 (jo^ Ore r^viWiiAuiJc'Ay

r^^ Jer^nce cf fKe -feci]

led o^^.iv4 0^3

cf cj^aui^Cj- of (tie.

Ud In Ck) ivfi^^ili^

c^ . ,
^

-R'^fiie resvi^CaHt <,f fa\ o>i^,af (ji.)

w T-;
T l^e

-

-
**

"
Tarok^vi »

i^c\U
•* **

*
^ 377 ARCH- RIBS ggy
!il»)| anQlt7€> af\d Aact] -form 1he Coviajljor.s whicti 1/^fn 7vi<**s1 -{ui-

(I.) T-tT^.»„^^'R.^ <^^ (IL.) Ue>««lWt


C^ T axa T rrNM-sl act in ^ke 5flt»T»< xrevtcol 0.6 «^ .

ca% te tins S tVuJti if tV>e y«TU«alj ^ wKUk T Ah4 T 4fli ^r€

i2ontai Warn (^
3€e |<«<£ o{ Fic>\H*17^ Votst ^^vj^r-e j vesuvid on

\)erS V? "Those veYUtals tKevt T ^v^ T av£ lKe Tr€sWcTn>t r€^

QCUOi^S ^^^"^^ , -^v vvi)) n6«» W« . sVio%^»w lihot tKe. vevltcab


V*'*"^^

^\ -j^ni 5 and ^fltt l)otVi fl\€ Tfertua} a*^ lKe rwa4n\tUcle<^


1><AM<> ^\V«vwti5(? \n<de^ evident ^ 'V^i^^r^ 4e]reirrHme<i wU'k ^~
c'Ail'^' x\\ <xAMix>r^te^ For t| "V lae sKifteflL cd? crr^dcvwn . «l't

l^eui^^ sKif ^s<i aioKa Itrtir v<irlvc3t^<io kJ, t)>avcj€ ^ju vol tie }

>'<s>W€ «f T'^^ n«r 1tve vtf^cil c^ T. T^ v<xl«4e of Y^Vu»Mrfre»-,

r» ^x>^«^*<>iiaX to vf^» ShWloAitf -m %e -sKi {fei ^ ui, <n-d«*un^

tf| ouciJCHi^^rtrvvams me. same, *f U M.i^<»ffecfccl »"k e»H>^ w»aj Vy

iKe loc^tti^ ^ ixm^ We>v»^ *\^ih*c««^ as follow^

yn^an^ cf § 376

w^ Ki'cil va3ues of T a-,*AT'(c<:»|\ ^em T^^ a«cI T^ 3


3 ^ B\ rtie '(cttovT «rf the kAYiiov^Wi "beccvK Co«n^\vuC^ oV
Co^^JJt4(: H»t >n<C valu.eS cff T cv»^ T ^ <»kJ JKett cl^\<?yT«fHe tt»e
§377 ARCK-R\SS ss-^

r.
BxamJiU ofHui . Fi^^^-

a\ To 1^€Vvt^ of

^ awd Jom '^^^ . Ti^ytv*^ he. Sum T^^

T^.sjpectively we deteyt-rmtc V ow^^l m ^ uC. fee i*We l/iVi

i^vn^ cle r «1 au VT o r« fn e vty i «cjt I ord I'^j ate 5 iVi Vev< ej>tifcl ^« lw«^*H
J

Wlr^. ^Yicl aiv-eti Jjomi*S on ^ifi |>cviV>«l€V of <x )3dlv/<50h or


3'?§- Ci-ASS^FiCATIOiM Of APCK-81BS, orFX-AS-
T'C AK CK lb S ^ czc^oy-im^ to ConWutu/ cnn4 monies c>f Sa{»bod"t,
In \hQ <KCc^vi*(>aTryii^ ^^iyu»€S iKe ^J^ Curves 5tt<?M/ t^g un-
5lyam_€'<i {dTV>^ o^ JWe t\\> ^\he^0»r^ any looitJ 'Cv^vc ilj owv» w€iql»i

19 \?tYm^tterl to convr ^on £ • ik^ iritteA <iujrve sK<jw^ <U sU*^


^udV* -tXo^eroiWj wW<^ W«arr»%^ a looi^, fioir-CL^sp^^vi, load**
J

Class a. ConttiXLOotS fiL^^tfC U sYij^loIerally on Ifie

ccw^c^fc^orion v/ti' w token *4 «f^^ tu« dfti«vs, V y^'^^^K .^*t

eal^ ju*l asif it w«y€ «i ^^'i^hi Irmz/yi^^^O "^ ^ -S-^

H^r^J^o
GLAS5 B.RfL^THRESKm^es^
at the CTowv;^.
TKal
F.V. 36 ^^ ou. cxomVl^ of \K>ij. >*—^ ^^
IS, the rii) ts dihcov^\mux.uS dttU ^ 1/^*^'rT\t
%t nicfvit»nt <j( Hi^ sTrc^i 63u.^]€ mu,st

tne piers 5^ Ht^ V»k c^nTf>nujOuS^€tvu€en.^ *Tk(? ktcy^ <Xr* «ovt*


slcWe^a lm»v^c»v-alol€^ iVe. Hie sj>aw Ci;cKVxi>t cUav*^ fc a^tsi€6k%*
sc^Hevi<< cf loodfVi^. It ts also covysUe^Y^d il^ii^e Vil i:i

M^vultv Ho covtsfmiVit finswi tiie ]pt«TS (us "if it Vy ficxlcn


tt>e (^TtJctHclJ not even ^U c3w/v\ weijkt ^c^Vo ]3«yiv,^tl<,i t^
% 378 ARCH-R^BS a30

TW -nk- l>©rii )Dy 'ifeAdoiim^^mcUii^nC' Vb own w«i^}^^«%»44j


"bj <x cV^^x^ije <j| "Wm^ertdtoe* Stresses di*^ 1o temjxrafcure

_^
«fini
\,
!' Con«<we
^
frte
* -

ddiW
^
(turve HWm
Y<
dkxd(

/|.''« 4 — •
-OsJ\l '^^ »i€ CcmfJi'u^ouS cunrt ^form Wfeye

ment Y«l4w^j t« ^8j|*«^ ^H


Wynt Mow iKe ^3
W»5 itni!:!£!^2^ ^n^ (3^^ W)^; 08 ^ ue. Ike X H^

373)
....e
^f>... § Jf«{-M3a.-El]- .M
*%i 6\kty IWo Aye tUot % trtust >A^S iW*"* O ^.M)

CLASS D. K^l^^f FiXtD EMOS Cv«i l|o\t^€S;

Wc^e pUi€S irvK^cK <xtt IwAteil U tkc )>;€-rs . [T Kc St. Lduis

^•5' ^^^ IniKiS class IVeva VeJna no V«n<i€i v/« liavf

Wtum W^^yr? mM*l "jjass. However^ 5mc€ O's ^,si4Ace»M^l


S ?78 ARCH- R! 86 X3f
Wli A^ oiu,3l A^ [see ^ 373 j=: ^^YO ^ AUo^ikc W^fnt-

V '>^'i^'^*^"^''^'\
€4 \n Acre Aic n ,
jVt^ otvti^le Ij^^wfevi

' / ''

\p I '^S^Cf t^^*>^ t^ rt^s :^«aw€ M«>4i^ Wi-

OS w^evv ilie f\\t Vv<;ts first |>la£

K^nrc lie Cr)r^<iiM>n5 ^wv Wiitt^fl- \ht *}?«-


eia{ tJ^vMlvbTium ^cl>^^on are vp

0'.

In \n€ 4»5*^ve me >ryva^>u:iry -n^J yroUvv5^:aHH'is at ^6 en<is


arc s'i^owT\
r ^^^ § 3661

37f.^ARCK R\6 KirsfO^K AT THE ENDS . U


wMn two \m^s^X.<>cat*«n «f ^
fecial t^litrHArr, yA^-

6| E Uxsu^uy E is the Soirne ik^D^V^K^fj |ft<»vL ft l& <5v.*eccYved

F<'^ <ct^ V*****^


'^ ^ ^. >«^ curve v</e

Twu»€ «n "X A**jJ

F»5,^a^¥
the ^ptc/e^. >ol, Aw4 H-ve aXiS 31 (v^ieU U 06}

t*^*^ W Vt^nsjftTrme^i CCS -fD^l^wS^Y^m^rv^Taevt^o I ^ 36 7 ^9iJ->\


% ST'f ARCH-RiBS ^^2

d O O
In y^A^ital gra)f>Wcs we can ndt c^eal vvim mfrntl^^imal s 5 Wet
we mu5it SuiksiiUite Zl^S ^ s*y\^\ Imite y©»V<»n df l>»e '^iIj^covw^
{<»r <Js . e^J. CO now >*<uis ^^ ^^^ As = ^^ yz As
o o
B4Jf we Ue AUTHE As's EQUAl., As is * ca^vv-

Vhow "facToY Vinci CiKnCtis out ^IcAwmJ otS «-fin«ii "forvm |oy fi^ (j)

t^p^^^f^^')--' CO'
The cjnev twd coniitton^ ocrt ikoi ike ^>«C ,€^, V«l. '\)e9'iis *t

jyETAlL OF THE CO/fSTRVCTiO//. 6«^e^ Ike cii!.

l^Kecurve inVo €i'<^U / Ax>


e^uAl As ^5 <xv»<j( *
"^'Z

^V.c tp
» 1^

'^\K

'P P ^iiC. <Hna w'ltt th€t^

tcryr\ (KAoeudi [ine AC ««>

^•mt canvcntent 6ctxie , Wttk P«j. '^Si'


"

%37? Al^CH- RUB'S 2 33

37^ ol. We Wow^-tK^L 08 )$iWe '^J»--Wntv^me tff Hic v€

"pole distance , \fj e^wxtvcw 0^ j^-^s;^ gwen^vu,. ^ tjcj .=


J cjr'

first W § 376' -fiad 1i\C v^ttc 4 l^e Summolicm ^^ ^ (ucT)

u>tri4 fti< Sftme ))ol« «i'sT<ilnfeH

a* fr» F>g.'^56,wt •fine!

« .
t '«
" ^ U7
->» • -'a i? -'3 3 -'^ V ^ ^

w\\ick from %^jWff*Sr^\^\^

v>it obtain {vorvi F»9/^2^


^iS'fied ana ^t Wc iislartd^ flff <?Mjr IVicJ |?oi^^(?n infl^,
4-C^S.j is also iVicit o| H>c $[>«cW "jjolv^ymi Sdu^itj i\e« 1^€

(jf
COttTSC we a© not ^trvd iHoi V -vl<'* ^ 51'k . KeJac-e fte

tb btco\>t€. €{J^u.al to ftvC. ^' 5 . That i^ ^ ttr^,

<|u.iliWiw-rn "^^N-^oi^s rjoT tVi€ Sciir« lo«A^) ore inv€YSelv*^'itiie»v

FoT TlS uin \ly See ^ 367> ^*^ »t iS »o T?e rerv7«vvaWv-

ec\ Vhctt tke stresses at> iK^^ ^o*4.«n<i in tke d^ffey-^wt |)avts

bmed mcrS€ >csuitj^i3 frorvv cKotH^c of "^et>^)>^r<a.{jixy€ ^ndl t)^e

%\r^or)^v\\\^q of the vib oi^tS i«*e h> tV»e hn^^tvilUi] tWi^sfe

3S0.ARCH FIXED ENOS R\6- 0F c..^^r^ch\^y


es. EXAMPLE OF CLASS 33. As Wj^ E o^^ TaK
-
Conslcint cxloKq rti€ Vi\>. Ttevs »mm<7va'b>e , Rib curve %^>m
ivielvieal cj^ou-t xx vcrTical line, fi«?- ^^1 sU«w^ ^ck
OL v<\> ixvxdcr <?iny loading. Its s|5a*i is 8,wkiA is Wken

Cufve art X <xrvcl y av\i -z. h tK€ vcvTical mWcej^t be-


|3tyo ARCH- 81 BS 236
l(nown ^)yUi Vc W CoKi^rw^ted) "Prof. £^iyfs mettiod will hew
'k>€ ai\/«v^ -^or ^wx^tUa lire

(h^ I cure COVtster»»t

Am^ 1W; >!=:=. H^

{ 2:^3^05 I
XZCI5 Si 5 ^^ I
y^*^^ ^ ^ -^.O^)

2<iS:=0 o-^J XzdS=:0


«fS. (il) J
>rL wnim -z iS Rie vertical dtstKv^e «f a^V Jvj^t ?rt'' frotvt

/^B Ah

i^ssssfsi.
%390 ARCH-l^lBS •
2^G
•— ~ ^ . — I

\<oXc a. TVxmDcr erf ^rtncJ) £QUAL A5^S avi<i d^xcwn ct wFrliCui

(s^€ ec^.s (23 •, tKe iXs cattCfH out "V oin4 Ae^ l^cocTs jte
i^ecial e^U 1>ol>^<^o»'^ _j
Wfrt^ vm aft<x reference-line^ l^

' O^ '

Coirv^AicwS (7; 01*4 C^^J-^na^ W sa1i^/ied b^ An -itflinnfe tiuM-


lpeY of |:?o\^(^onS 4r^oiwvv T» I1i€ a\u€i« looAn^, Aa>J one of ItVeSc
b€tM<> <Jrawn a** a Yyi*^ l^^^^^^*'^? "^^ <i^€n>^m€ Tor 'tt IRe

LKvff. It must W \jjrAers\Qod ttvoi H^t ^ocant»lie5 Qm^s) %^

5ce FiO ^ll^J I( tV^Se Sums ctre net e^al^ ike ]x>W^»s>-

ei' v^io (^ovw^ lViu.« ekfluvoe the z'* 's . «n H^e m*5vse -«i\io^
r)^cz'>S<jir\^ tb fruai«<_- tti^iSC Sujrrv? e^^u^ c»nd ^hS Satisl^

DBTAlL OF COhSTRUCriO^ o\ Wt jv*,,^


S5«!.

A.f«ciM=iiB 0F Fixed ewds. dZs «« «a,4W uw «l


^jxsn of Wit St ivOtxifc Brtdt^e wHk \^t \ta.A. tave\ri»«<i tt»g

"Wal{ «^n or» l^e le'ft. Fi<7. ^30 wUtre, \V»6 werticej s<«le
% 36 Arch- RIBS 237


-p -p -p ^^ e,i,U «iu^ As'i.
p
P Ac, ^>e rkeloA^^

( I'i'l'

f^*^ s^mmetyy U tv.ust


fiVst \o locale 'Z^t tv; ec||5, C6.)l b^
Waor-vlal.*Braw <x \via'\ uii^ (not showw i^x me |^uie)av\di5 ^ht

(3-z')'^S eXC€fi li^e (-4')^5 "bs^ c^n oirrvount s:^ ^t^vC V7nWe

line
'

V*'*-Tn"^ 5oa$ to v^^e ^^(z»V*'):-0 Av,4 2W'*)*:a

\r\via i;'*^'m'*' into CL KoYi2ov>)a.] ^o5ition ftiwvs: (iVsl cJieVermiue'


§3%l ARCH'R\6. FlXh)3*E\i XS^
ta«S a. heu« ^o\q oy\ akoyt^or-ilal tKrouxjK n^*\y^J^l^ ttie SqmeH!,'^

wouli "be Vonxontal "We , n-n'c^Vi (: a\5 o f>kift Itiis newlrici] j?'ol-

\/qon. c<b wards *5floiS To Ywoi^t l^'^o-vi'*' ay^d 'l/Tn co^t^^ci'de,

;j^"^ 's <^ Hie ftrsL VioJ ]>o'l^gi5u;^'Wu to Sol'i^f^ Coi^it.(?)


tt iviM.^ Inav/e \ls :::^*** ^s altered |Vw <\ ce>4<?ui^ ratio jVuItUU

i\l to tke r^^jpeclujd :z:'^'s of tke YC<^u4Yedi 5J>«cJa3 Jyo\\j(^on.

The. next sr4> i^ te -find in wKat YaJio fke Qz'''j'S nec^ Tc

!)€ cjJ'«rfcfll Qrr H^'* cxlVeYai m (r\>fe\rS€ yai\'oJ in ar<^ey % Id<-

Come iVic (jz.^'/ S ', we, ivi orJev ^0 -fu^lffl Condiboh (^?^ vh»

one p)-^ -

CiSC^' as foY I^e -r'^lo wMk. Iwo lHmi^€"5^

Sec R^. 4-31 ^cv ^ V-^^^

, J V o

I
[Ti^e var>»e. Vole distance H iS i^T ^ i
-^' '^ i i^ •

' t«^?vi ^v^ Gtu these con^i^irujcl^rts ) V U ^w i


^^

jf.^^S ^.Ck^-^\^^-^H^l< ^^li>n (5) IS satisfied ^ live

^jecval eijwL^dl>^^oK <jC


f;^. *yL3o vutTl- Ve

^ ^ -i^* H"' l\r?tl tills Ue ^x^a^^ct a.U

the re^ir€^ s^«cial )>cYy5onj^ ^^a ftisloHiv mav^ i.e drau^n


\^ Ve^lnnmg .at the, J^Vit E ^m Z/^l ^ <*r»d tK>o.:^k l^- ^v^w^
oe Se<Jrv,ewt U lb ike ^o|>eir >-att^ ft^ ^crre diagram. Tn ^n^y
(jf
}r^zr&. ^tgt^e (4-3^)3 ^,^ '^l^ro^^ t^aj" ..rtn^a be «»€ T^vj joth-
l-^^ ^€ >5k ^vvdi flne ^'or^t tff t>,€4n>j a| T o^d ? W-.l^e.!^-
line, H«v.K^ lKi5 One S€cj>Ment e{ tKe s^j^ciq] Voljtjon ^kd <jfJt-

ht -nb ,b^ § 367. To th€ sW^sses corMtj^t^a -jroi^. "H^ese^

Hxr^Sp^ Q(Oyv.^l1ltf ViL, Tkesr-'^t^w^eWure stresses *\ ^d sItc;^'.-

"fxsvcii'rm^'K
% 3-5^ Al?CK-Rm5 ?4^
3n STi^eSS T3)AGRAMS,Tc<k. atT^^j^^Tj^

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{cy anv^ SecW of ttie^Vil ^v^T. ht. ittrusLy^^^ar ,iW mom. of 5&'eiS-
Cii^t^U, I 5 5 co*t^W,i J"j^ at c^u h<}}\itm

of il^e -yi^ c< sec-


iKm 15 rriouie then

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sets (F;^.-'^3a)

T=i shear

i^3^€ %§;^?6- a>^ S673


5ee that ihe veytwra^ l»^^€vcebt^

fc>€iwe«n tke r»\> civt^ rt^e -sj^^ciar

Atoned 16 W ]>n»di<«h HZ

Wnsjorm a Moment O/A -

.^(itA<^ h€v»c* liie variaiiaiacf


§ ^n ARCH^RISS S4^/

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"ber ^ founts alevui tKe ^t t^-eiV voLces ma^ 1?^ W4 cr[f


CVS \>^\tcd 1)nes j^rotM. a VtoTtjovJal cutis ^\i| rhe vcrReiJs c»h ~

\Yi Fi<^, '^3"^ ^ notice "^vi vA<y€ fte m.tfm^^t iS. Amavj-
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5 3B3 ARCK-RiSS ^^^

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^B ^kt^c^ for c^>4'^n;cS^^,wA


Ift-t")??^ vTI (y'^<isiV EQUAL As 's , we

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387. THE AftCH-TRUSS,or V

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