Reg. No.

Question Paper Code : 77772

M.E. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2011

First Semester

Applied Electronics

MA 9217 — APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS

(Common to M.E. VLSI Design)

(Regulation 2009)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

Answer ALL questions

PART A — (10 × 2 = 20 marks)

1. Symbolize the following arguments. ‘‘Engineers are mathematicians. Logical

thinkers do not believe in magic. Mathematicians are logical thinkers.
Therefore Engineers do not believe in magic’’.

2. Evaluate the fuzzy logic formulas a , a ∧ b, a ∨ b and a → b given a = 0.7,

b = 0 .6 .

3. Define Pseudo inverse of a full rank matrix A.

4. Define Toeplitz matrix and give an example.

5. Find the moment generating function of the random variable whose moments
are mr = (r + 1)! 2 .
r

6. Determine whether the following is a valid distribution function.

−x / 2
1−e , x≥0
F ( x) =
0, x<0

7. Define ‘‘Principle of Optimality’’.

8. Define Cauchy’s geometric - arithmetic mean inequality.

9. Define Poisson process and state one of its properties.

10. Trains arrive at the yard every 15 minutes and the service time is 33 minutes.
If the line capacity of the yard is limited to 4 trains, find
(a) The probability that the yard is empty.
(b) The average number of trains in the system.

PART B — (5 × 16 = 80 marks)

11. (a) (i) For this inference rule, [( A → B ) ∧ ( B → C )]→ [A → C ].

(1) Prove that the rule is a tautology for crisp sets. (4)
(2) Show that the rule is a quasi tautology for fuzzy sets. (4)
(ii) Show that De Morgan’s laws are duals. (8)

Or
(b) Construct a fuzzy logic based on the standard logic operators (min, max,
1 – a). For any two arbitrary propositions, A and B, in the logic, assume
that we require that the equality A ∧ B = B ∨ ( A ∧ B ) holds. Imposing
such a requirement means that pairs of truth values of A and B become
restricted to a subset of [0,1] . Show exactly how they are restricted. (16)
2

12. (a) Compute the singular values and singular value decomposition of
1 1
A= 1 1 . (16)
0 0

Or

T 9 −3
(b) (i) Find Cholesky decomposition LL for the matrix . (6)
−3 2

0 0 5
(ii) Obtain the QR decomposition of 0 4 1 . (10)
1 1 1

If a random variable X has the variance of σx and if Y = aX + b,

2
13. (a) (i)
where a and b are constants, prove that σy = a σx .
2 2 2
(7)

(ii) Suppose that a trainee soldier shoots a target in an independent

fashion. If the probability that the target is shot on any one shot is
0.8,

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 (1) What is the probability that the target would be hit on 6 th

attempt?
(2) What is the probability that it takes him less than 5 shots?
(3) What is the probability that it takes him an even number of
shots? (9)

Or
(b) (i) Derive mean and variance of binomial distribution. (8)
(ii) Derive the MGF of Gamma distribution. (8)

14. (a) An oil company has 8 units of money available for exploration of three
sites. If oil is present at a site, the probability of finding it depends upon
the amount allocated for exploiting the site, as given below.
Units of money allocated
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Site 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0
Site 2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0
Site 3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0
The probability that oil exists at the sites 1, 2 and 3 is 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2
respectively. Find the optimal allocation of money. (16)

Or
n
(b) Use dynamic programming to show that ∑ P log P , subject
i i to the
i =1
n
constraint ∑ P = 1, P ≥ 0, ∀i is minimum when P
i i 1 = P2 = Pn = 1 . (16)
i =1 n

15. (a) (i) Patients arrive at a doctor’s clinic all mean intervals of 20 minutes
and spend a mean of 15 minutes in consultation, both times
exponentially distributed. The doctor wishes to have enough seats
in the waiting room so that no more than about 1% of arriving
patients will have to stand. How many seats should be provided? (6)
(ii) A super market has two girls running up sales at the counters. If
the service time for each customer is exponential with mean 4
minutes and if people arrive in a Poisson fashion at the rate of 10
an hour.
(1) What is the probability of having to wait for service?
(2) What is the expected percentage of idle time for each girl?
(3) If a customer has to wait, what is the expected length of his
waiting time? (10)

Or

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(b) A telephone exchange has two long distance operators. It finds that
during the peak load, long distance calls arrive in a Poisson fashion at an
average rate of 15 per hour. The length of service on these calls is
approximately exponential with mean length 5 minutes.
(i) What is the probability that a subscriber will have to wait for his
long distance call during the peak hours of the day?
(ii) If the subscribers will wait and one serviced in turn what is the
expected waiting time? (16)

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