1.

DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCNHANGER

1.1 Data Pengamatan
1.1.1 RUN 1

Laju Fluida Dingin Tetap

Laju Fluida Panas Berubah
No Laju alir Laju alir Thi Tho Laju alir Laju alir TCi TCo
(LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC) (LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC)
1 0.41 6.83333E-06 40 41 0.329 5.48333E-06 26 25

2 0.41 6.83333E-06 40 41 0.329 5.48333E-06 26 25

3 0.41 6.83333E-06 38 39 0.329 5.48333E-06 26 25

4 0.41 6.83333E-06 38 39 0.329 5.48333E-06 26 25

1.1.2 RUN 2
Laju Fluida Panas Berubah Laju Fluida Dingin Tetap
No Laju alir Laju alir Tho Thi Laju alir Laju alir Tco Tci
(LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC) (LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC)
1 0.41 6.83333E-06 42 40 0.146 2.43333E-06 24 25
2 0.41 6.83333E-06 30 29 0.146 2.43333E-06 24 25
3 0.41 6.83333E-06 34 33 0.146 2.43333E-06 23 24
4 0.41 6.83333E-06 32 31 0.146 2.43333E-06 23 24

1.1.3 RUN 3

Laju Fluida Panas Berubah Laju Fluida Dingin Tetap

No Laju alir Laju alir Thi Tho Laju alir Laju alir TCi TCo
(LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC) (LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC)
1 0.41 6.83E-06 32 31 1.928 3.21333E-05 23 24
2 0.41 6.83E-06 27 26 1.928 3.21333E-05 22 23
3 0.41 6.83E-06 26 31 1.928 3.21333E-05 23 23
4 0.41 6.83E-06 28 30 1.928 3.21333E-05 23 23
 1.2 Perpindahan Panas Pada Setiap Laju Alir

Q = m x Cp x ΔT

1.2.1 Run 1
a. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas

Laju alir Tho Thi ∆T1 C ρ m Q

(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
6.83333E-06 41 40 1 4.1857 1006.026619 0.006874515 0.028774657

6.83333E-06 41 40 1 4.1857 1006.026619 0.006874515 0.028774657

6.83333E-06 39 38 1 4.1857 1006.947482 0.006880807 0.028800996

6.83333E-06 39 38 1 4.1857 1006.947482 0.006880807 0.028800996

b. perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

Laju alir Tco Tci C ρ m Q

∆T2
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
5.48333E-06 25 26 1 4.1857 996.7891892 0.005465727 0,02287789

5.48333E-06 25 26 1 4.1857 996.7891892 0.005465727 0,02287789

5.48333E-06 25 26 1 4.1857 996.7891892 0.005465727 0,02287789

5.48333E-06 25 26 1 4.1857 996.7891892 0.005465727 0,02287789

1.2.2 Run 2
a. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas
Laju alir Tho Thi C ρ m Q
∆T1
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
6.83333E-06 42 40 2 4.1857 992.766187 0.0067839 0.05679076
6.83333E-06 30 29 1 4.1857 995.894595 0.00680528 0.02848486
 6.83333E-06 34 33 1 4.1857 995.281982 0.00680109 0.02846734

6.83333E-06 32 31 1 4.1857 995.588288 0.00680319 0.0284761

b. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

Laju alir Tco Tci C ρ m Q
∆T2
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
6.83333E-06 24 25 1 4.1857 1001.05396 0.00684054 0.02863243
6.83333E-06 24 25 1 4.1857 1001.05396 0.00684054 0.02863243
6.83333E-06 23 24 1 4.1857 1001.51439 0.00684368 0.0286456
6.83333E-06 23 24 1 4.1857 1001.51439 0.00684368 0.0286456

1.2.3 Run 3
a. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas
Laju alir Tho Thi C ρ m Q
∆T1
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
6.83333E-06 32 31 1 4.1857 995.588288 0.006803186 0.0284761

6.83333E-06 27 26 1 4.1857 996.354054 0.006808419 0.028498

6.83333E-06 31 26 5 4.1857 995.741441 0.006804233 0.14240239
6.83333E-06 30 28 2 4.1857 995.894595 0.006805279 0.05696972

b. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

Laju alir Tco Tci C ρ m Q
∆T2
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt

2.43E-06 24 25 1 4.1857 1001.05 2.44E-03 0.01019594

2.43E-06 24 25 1 4.1857 1001.05 2.44E-03 0.01019594

2.43E-06 23 24 1 4.1857 1001.51 2.44E-03 0.01020063

2.43E-06 23 24 1 4.1857 1001.51 2.44E-03 0.01020063

1.3 Efisiensi Kalor yang Dipertukarkan

𝑄 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛
Efisiensi =
𝑄 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠
× 100%
1.3.1 Run 1
Kalor / Q (kW)
No Panas Dingin Efisiensi (%)
1 0,02877 0,02287789 79,5199635

2 0,02877 0,02287789 79,5199635

3 0,0288 0,02287789 79,4371302

4 0,0288 0,02287789 79,4371302

1.3.2 Run2
Kalor / Q (kW)

No Panas Dingin Efisiensi (%)

1 0.05679 0.01019594 17.9537562

2 0.02848 0.01019594 35.8003446

3 0.02847 0.01020063 35.8293913

4 0.02848 0.01020063 35.8168108

1.3.3 Run 3
Kalor / Q (kW)

No Panas Dingin Efisiensi (%)

1 0.028476097 0.13407 470.81114

2 0.028498 0.26814 940.89858
3 0.142402387 0.13407 94.147745
4 0.056969716 0.13407 235.33317
1.4 Perbedaan Suhu Logaritmik (ΔTlm)
 ΔT1 = Tho − Tco ∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2
} ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
ΔT2 = Thi − Tci ∆𝑇1
ln ∆𝑇2

1.4.1 Run 1

Laju Alir Tho Thi Tco Tci ∆T1 ∆T2

o o o o o o
∆Tlm (oC)
Panas Dingin ( C) ( C) ( C) ( C) ( C) ( C)
0.056790757 0.02863 41 40 25 26 16 14 14,9777514

0.028484858 0.02863 41 40 25 26 16 14 14,9777514

0.028467336 0.02865 39 38 25 26 14 12 12,9743184

0.028476097 0.02865 39 38 25 26 14 12 12,9743184

1.4.2 Run 2

Laju Alir Tho Thi Tco Tci ∆T1 ∆T2

o o o o o o
∆Tlm (oC)
Panas Dingin ( C) ( C) ( C) ( C) ( C) ( C)
0.056790757 0.02863 42 40 24 25 18 15 16.4544448

0.028484858 0.02863 30 29 24 25 6 4 4.93260692

0.028467336 0.02865 34 33 23 24 11 9 9.96657731

0.028476097 0.02865 32 31 23 24 9 7 7.95815829

1.4.3 Run 3

Laju Alir Tho Thi Tco Tci ∆T1 ∆T2

∆Tlm (oC)
Panas Dingin (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC)
0.056790757 0.028632428 32 31 24 23 8 1 3.36628843

0.028484858 0.028632428 27 26 24 22 3 2 2.46630346

0.028467336 0.028645597 31 26 24 23 7 1 3.08339005

0.028476097 0.028645597 30 28 24 23 6 1 2.79055313

1.5 Koefisien Pindah Panas Keseluruhan (U) menggunakan Neraca Energi

 𝑄
U =𝐴 ∆ 𝑇𝑙𝑚

1.5.1 Run 1
a. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas
Laju Alir Air Panas Q A (m2) ∆Tlm
U (W/m2.K)
(LPM) (Watt)
0,41 0,02877 0,1936 14,9777514 0,009922

0,41 0,02877 0,1936 14,9777514 0,009922

0,41 0,0288 0,1936 12,9743184 0,011466

0,41 0,0288 0,1936 12,9743184 0,011466

b. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

LajuAlir dingin (LPM) Q (Watt) A (m2) ∆Tlm U (W/m2.K)

0,329 0,02287789 0,1936 14,9777514 0,00789

0,329 0,02287789 0,1936 14,9777514 0,00789

0,329 0,02287789 0,1936 12,9743184 0,009108

0,329 0,02287789 0,1936 12,9743184 0,009108

1.5.2 Run 2
a. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas
Laju Alir Air Panas U
Q (Watt) A (m2) ∆Tlm
(LPM) (W/m2.K)

0.41 0.05679076 0.1936 16.4544448 0.017827

0.41 0.02848486 0.1936 4.93260692 0.029829

0.41 0.02846734 0.1936 9.96657731 0.014754

0.41 0.0284761 0.1936 7.95815829 0.018483

b. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

 LajuAlir
U
dingin Q (Watt) A (m2) ∆Tlm
(W/m2.K)
(LPM)
0.146 0.01019594 0.1936 16.4544448 0.003201

0.146 0.01019594 0.1936 4.93260692 0.010677

0.146 0.01020063 0.1936 9.96657731 0.005287

0.146 0.01020063 0.1936 7.95815829 0.006621

1.5.3 Run 3
a. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas
Laju Alir Air Panas A U
Q (Watt) ∆Tlm
(LPM) (m2) (W/m2.K)
0.41 0.0284761 0.1936 3.36628843 0.043694

0.41 0.028498 0.1936 2.46630346 0.059685

0.41 0.14240239 0.1936 3.08339005 0.238552

0.41 0.05696972 0.1936 2.79055313 0.10545

b. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

LajuAlir dingin A U
Q (Watt) ∆Tlm
(LPM) (m2) (W/m2.K)
1.928 0.13406864 0.1936 3.36628843 0.205717

1.928 0.26813727 0.1936 2.46630346 0.561572

1.928 0.13406864 0.1936 3.08339005 0.224592

1.928 0.13406864 0.1936 2.79055313 0.24816

1.6 Nilai U secara empiris

Panjang pipa = 140 cm

Diameter pipa dalam = 4,4 cm
Diameter pipa luar = 11,6 cm
 1.6.1 RUN 1

laju air panas

(L/s) DT1 V (m/s) r (kg/m3) cp (kJ/kg K) µk (kg/ms)
0.006833 17 0.035294421 997.7981982 4.186495495 0.00109682
0.006833 17 0.035294421 997.8855856 4.183230769 0.00101555
0.006833 15 0.035294421 998.0615385 4.188615385 0.001156192
0.006833 15 0.035294421 998.0615385 4.188615385 0.001156192

Nnu ho
k (W/mK) Npr Nre c m (Npr)^(1/3) Nre^m
157.55 860.477
0.591237838 7.795045045 3447.76 4.1857 0.006874515 1.98277 1.05759
155.87 851.253
0.591237838 7.795045045 3724 4.1857 0.006874515 1.98277 1.05815
163.15 887.329
0.587669231 8.271153846 3271.58 4.1857 0.006880807 2.02235 1.05727
163.15 887.329
0.587669231 8.271153846 3271.58 4.1857 0.006880807 2.02235 1.05727

1/ho.ao 1/hi.ai ln 2pLK1 ln r2/r1 / ln r3/r2 2pLK2 ln R U(1/R)

r2/r1 (a) (a) (b) (r3/r2)/(b)

0.76400 0.689538 2.6364 0.0057 466.3570 0.0000121 0.00560 0.0022 467.8126 0.00214

0.77227 0.701927 2.6364 0.0057 466.3570 0.0000121 0.00560 0.0022 467.8333 0.00214

0.74088 0.695331 2.6364 0.0056 469.1889 0.0000120 0.00558 0.0021 470.6272 0.00212

0.74088 0.722599 2.6364 0.0056 469.1889 0.0000120 0.00558 0.0021 470.6545 0.00212
 1.7.2 RUN 2

laju air
panas cp (kJ/kg
(L/s) DT1 V (m/s) r (kg/m3) K) µk (kg/ms) k (W/mK) Npr
0.006833 18 0.035294421 997.6540541 4.18613514 0.001072405 0.593264865 7.598648649
0.006833 6 0.035294421 998.9846154 4.21284615 0.001534077 0.576707692 11.28846154
0.006833 11 0.035294421 998.4717949 4.19938462 0.001324141 0.591323077 9.612179487
0.006833 9 0.035294421 998.6769231 4.20476923 0.001408115 0.580361538 10.28269231

Nre c m (Npr)^(1/3) Nre^m Nnu hi

3525.744044 4.1857 0.006783902 1.965978608 1.056973749 172.43 952.6749
2467.979039 4.1857 0.006805279 2.243252976 1.0545953 174.3838375 936.5657
2857.796918 4.1857 0.006801093 2.126215553 1.055613149 171.69 945.4495
2687.92146 4.1857 0.006803186 2.174547741 1.055190712 168.3286293 909.7726

1/ho.ao 1/hi.ai ln 2pLK1 ln r2/r1 / ln r3/r2 2pLK2 ln R U(1/R)

r2/r1 (a) (a) (b) (r3/r2)/(b)

0.01384 0.000239 0.9694 0.0057 170.8953 0.0000332 0.00561 0.0059 170.9153 0.0059

0.01413 0.000243 0.9694 0.0055 175.8016 0.0000314 0.00549 0.0057 175.8217 0.0057

0.01431 0.000240 0.9694 0.0057 171.4564 0.0000330 0.00549 0.0060 171.4770 0.0058

0.01473 0.000250 0.9694 0.0055 174.6948 0.0000318 0.00554 0.0057 174.7155 0.0057
 1.7.3 RUN 3

laju air
panas (L/s) DT1 V (m/s) r (kg/m3) cp (kJ/kg K) µk (kg/ms) k (W/mK) Npr
0.006833333 8 0.035296 998.779487 4.207462 0.001450103 0.57914359 10.61794872

Nre c m (Npr)^(1/3) Nre^m Nnu hi

2610.489 4.1857 0.006803 2.197928 1.054981 172.43 952.6749
2281.526 4.1857 0.006808 2.243253 1.054057 174.3838 936.5657
2537.291 4.1857 0.006804 2.220822 1.054785 171.69 945.4495
2468.099 4.1857 0.006805 2.243253 1.054596 168.3286 909.7726
0.006833333 3 0.035296 999.292308 4.220923 0.001660038 0.573053846 11.28846154
0.006833333 7 0.035296 998.882051 4.210154 0.00149209 0.577925641 10.95320513
0.006833333 6 0.035296 998.984615 4.212846 0.001534077 0.576707692 11.28846154

1/ho.ao 1/hi.ai ln 2pLK1 ln r2/r1 / ln r3/r2 2pLK2 (b) ln R U(1/R)

r2/r1 (a) (a) (r3/r2)/(b)

0.00600 0.000239 0.9694 0.0055 175.0622 0.0000316 0.00552 0.0057 175.0742 0.0057

0.00609 0.000243 0.9694 0.0055 176.9226 0.0000310 0.00545 0.0057 176.9346 0.0057

0.00595 0.000240 0.9694 0.0055 175.4311 0.0000315 0.00551 0.0057 175.4430 0.0057

0.00596 0.000250 0.9694 0.0055 175.8016 0.0000314 0.00550 0.0057 175.8135 0.0057
1.8 Grafik
0.25

U (W/m2.K) 0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
LajuAlir dingin (LPM)

Gambar 1. Grafik U terhadap Perubahan Laju Alir Fluida Dingin pada DPHE
2. STHE (SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER)
2.1 Data Pengamatan
 Diameter shell : 0,375 m
 Diameter dalam tube : 0,0278 m
 Diameter luar tube : 0,032 m
 Panjang tube : 1,2 m
 Luas permukaan shell : 1,413 m2
 Luas permukaan tube : 2, 5140096 m2
 Cp : 4180
 Data Air

r cp (kJ/kg µ (10^-3 k
T(C) (kg/m3) K) kg/ms) (W/mK) Npr
0 999,6 4,229 1,786 0,5694 13,3
15,6 998 4,187 1,131 0,5884 8,07
26,7 996,4 4,183 0,86 0,6109 5,89
37,8 994,7 4,183 0,682 0,6283 4,51
65,6 981,9 4,187 0,432 0,6629 2,72

2.1.1 RUN 1
Laju Fluida Panas Berubah Laju Fluida Dingin Tetap
No Laju alir Laju alir Thi Tho Laju alir Laju alir TCi TCo
(LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC) (LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC)
1 6 0,0001 42 28 3 0,00005 20 26

2 6 0,0001 44 32 3 0,00005 20 30

3 6 0,0001 46 34 3 0,00005 20 31

2.1.2 RUN 2
Laju Fluida Panas Berubah Laju Fluida Dingin Tetap
No Laju alir Laju alir Tho Thi Laju alir Laju alir Tco Tci
(LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC) (LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC)
1 8 0,000133 32 32 4,5 0,000075 22 30

2 8 0,000133 30 30 4,5 0,000075 22 28

3 8 0,000133 32 28 4,5 0,000075 22 27

 2.1.3 RUN 3

Laju Fluida Panas Berubah Laju Fluida Dingin Tetap

No Laju alir Laju alir Thi Tho Laju alir Laju alir TCi TCo
(LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC) (LPM) (m3/s) (oC) (oC)
1 6 0,0001 46 34 3 0,00005 20 31

2 12 0,0002 38 34 4,5 0,000075 22 30

3 12 0,0002 41 34 4,5 0,000075 22 30

2.2 Perpindahan Panas Pada Setiap Laju Alir

Q = m x Cp x ΔT

2.2.1 Run 1
a. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas

Laju alir Tho Thi ∆T1 C ρ m Q

(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
1,00E-04 42 28 14 4,179 993,69 0,099 5,814

1,00E-04 44 32 12 4,179 990,92 0,099 4,969

1,00E-04 46 34 12 4,179 993,69 0,099 4,983

b. perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

Laju alir Tco Tci C ρ m Q

∆T2
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
5,00E-05 20 26 6 4,183 995,59 0,04978 1,2494
5,00E-05 20 30 10 4,183 995,89 0,04979 2,0829

5,00E-05 20 31 11 4,183 995,89 0,04979 2,2912

2.2.2 Run 2
 c. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas
Laju alir Tho Thi C ρ m Q
∆T1
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
1,33E-04 32 32 0 4,1798 995,0366 0,133 -

1,33E-04 30 30 0 4,1803 995,654 0,133 -

1,33E-04 32 28 4 4,1803 995,654 0,133 2,220

d. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

Laju alir Tco Tci C ρ m Q
∆T2
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
7,50E-05 22 30 8 4,182 996,78 0,07476 2,5010
7,50E-05 22 28 6 4,182 996,78 0,07476 1,8758

7,50E-05 22 27 5 4,182 996,78 0,07476 1,5631

2.2.3 Run 3
a. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas
Laju alir Tho Thi C ρ m Q
∆T1
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt
1,00E-04 46 34 12 4,179 993,69 0,099 4,983

2,00E-04 38 34 4 4,179 990,92 0,198 3,313

2,00E-04 41 34 7 4,179 993,69 0,199 5,814

b. Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

Laju alir Tco Tci C ρ m Q
∆T2
(m3/s) (0C) (0C) (kJ/kg.K) (kg/ m3) (kg/s) watt

5,00E-05 20 31 11 4,183 995,59 0,04978 2,2905

7,50E-05 22 30 8 4,183 995,89 0,07469 2,4995

7,50E-05 22 30 8 4,183 995,89 0,07469 2,4995
2.3 Efisiensi Kalor yang Dipertukarkan

𝑄 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛
Efisiensi =
𝑄 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠
× 100%
2.3.1 Run 1
Kalor / Q (kW)
No Panas Dingin Efisiensi (%)
1 5,814 1,2494 21,4901

2 4,969 2,0829 41,9157

3 4,983 2,2912 45,9788

2.3.2 Run2
Kalor / Q (kW)
No Panas Dingin Efisiensi (%)
1 - 2,5010 -

2 - 1,8758 -

3 2,220 1,5631 70,4175

2.3.3 Run 3
Kalor / Q (kW)

No Panas Dingin Efisiensi (%)

1 4,983 2,2905 45,9649

2 3,313 2,4995 75,4483

3 5,814 2,4995 42,9931

2.4 Perbedaan Suhu Logaritmik (ΔTlm)

ΔT1 = Tho − Tco ∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2
} ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
ΔT2 = Thi − Tci ∆𝑇1
ln ∆𝑇2
 2.4.1 Run 1

Laju Alir (LPM) Tho Thi Tco Tci ∆T1 ∆T2

∆Tlm (oC)
Panas Dingin (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC)
6 3 42 28 20 26 8 16 11,5416

6 3 44 32 20 30 12 14 12,9743
6 3 46 34 20 31 14 15 14,4943

2.4.2 Run 2

Laju Alir (LPM) Tho Thi Tco Tci ∆T1 ∆T2

∆Tlm (oC)
Panas Dingin (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC)
8 4,5 32 32 22 30 10 2 4,97068

8 4,5 30 30 22 28 8 2 4,32809

8 4,5 32 28 22 27 6 5 5,48481

2.4.3 Run 3

Laju Alir (LPM) Tho Thi Tco Tci ∆T1 ∆T2

o o o o o o
∆Tlm (oC)
Panas Dingin ( C) ( C) ( C) ( C) ( C) ( C)
6 3 46 34 20 31 14 15 14,4943

12 4,5 38 34 22 30 12 8 9,86521

12 4,5 41 34 22 30 12 11 11,4927

2.5 Koefisien Pindah Panas Keseluruhan (U) menggunakan Neraca Energi

𝑄
U =𝐴 ∆ 𝑇𝑙𝑚

2.5.1 Run 1
a. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas
 Laju Alir Air Panas Q
A (m2) ∆Tlm U (W/m2.K)
(LPM) (Watt)

6 5,81368 0,1936 11,5416 2,60185

6 4,96927 0,1936 12,9743 1,97835

6 4,98316 0,1936 14,4943 1,77584

b. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

LajuAlir dingin
Q (Watt) A (m2) ∆Tlm U (W/m2.K)
(LPM)
3 1,24937 0,1936 11,5416 0,55914
3 2,0829 0,1936 12,9743 0,82924

3 2,29119 0,1936 14,4943 0,81651

2.5.2 Run 2
a. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas

Laju Alir Air

Q (Watt) A (m2) ∆Tlm U (W/m2.K)
Panas (LPM)

8 - 0,1936 4,97068 -

8 - 0,1936 4,32809 -

8 2,2198 0,1936 5,48481 2,09049

b. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

LajuAlir
Q (Watt) A (m2) ∆Tlm U (W/m2.K)
dingin (LPM)
4,5 2,50101 0,1936 4,97068 2,59893

4,5 1,87576 0,1936 4,32809 2,23859

4,5 1,56313 0,1936 5,48481 1,47207

2.5.3 Run 3
 a. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Panas
Laju Alir Air Panas A U
Q (Watt) ∆Tlm
(LPM) (m2) (W/m2.K)
6 4,98316 0,1936 14,4943 1,77584

12 3,31284 0,1936 9,86521 1,73456

12 5,81368 0,1936 11,4927 2,6129

b. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Laju Alir Fluida Dingin

LajuAlir dingin A U
Q (Watt) ∆Tlm
(LPM) (m2) (W/m2.K)
3 2,2905 0,1936 14,4943 0,81626

4,5 2,49948 0,1936 9,86521 1,3087

4,5 2,49948 0,1936 11,4927 1,12337

1.6 Nilai U secara empiris

1.6.1 RUN 1
 Laju alir air panas : 6 L/m
 Laju alir massa air panas : 0,0001 kg/s
 Kecepatan alir air panas : 71,43 m/s
 Laju alir air dingin : 3 L/m
 Laju alir massa air dingin : 0,00005 kg/s
 Kecepatan alir air dingin : 4,53 m/s
 Diameter : 0,0035 m
 Ao : 0,0000014 m2
 Ae : 0,0000096 m2
 As : 0,00001104 m2
 De : 0,3407 m
 Perhitungan

ΔTh Qh ΔTlm z y Ft ΔTm Qc eff

14 5,852 11,54156033 2,333333333 0,272727273 0,93 11 1,254 21,42857
12 5,016 12,97431839 1,2 0,416666667 0,91 11,8 2,09 41,66667
12 5,016 12,97431839 1,090909091 0,423076923 0,9 12 2,299 45,83333
  Perhitungan

ΔT1 ΔT2 ρh ρc mh mc Nreh l/d u K2

16 8 993,69 995,59 0.000662 0.00078 1759832,485 3,2 9613701,43 0,579144
14 12 990,92 99589 0.000662 0.00078 1642228,081 3,2 17615714,3 0,584015
12 14 993,69 995,89 0.000662 0.00078 1538960,737 3,2 19163807,1 0,586451

 Perhitungan

ΔTh ΔTc ΔTy NprT1 NprT2 µk µb NnuH K1 Hhi

14 6 22 7,9914 10,61795 0,00112 0,001450103 7394 0,58921081 156714,4
12 10 24 8,6064 9,276923 0,0012 0,001282154 7337 0,58645128 154780,8
12 11 26 9,2769 8,60641 0,00128 0,001198179 7367 0,58401538 154770,9

Hhi' 1/hi.ai ln r2/r1 2πLK1(a) ln r2/r1 (a) ln r3/r2 2πLK2 (b) ln r3/r2 (b)
25075,31 5,583E-11 0,1407 4,4402927 31,55861 2,46119 4,3644261 0,5639207
24765,92 5,653E-11 0,1407 4,4194969 31,410807 2,46119 4,4011399 0,5592165
24764,35 5,653E-11 0,1407 4,4011399 31,280338 2,46119 4,4194969 0,5568937

 Perhitungan

Nrec Nnu ho ho' 1/ho.ao R U

1166302,7 7069,20352 12016,68 13939,35 7,92002E-10 32,1225 0,0311308
131947359 264292,953 453041,2 525527,8 2,10075E-11 31,97 0,0312793
1411948,8 6379,71336 10981,48 12738,52 8,66663E-10 31,8372 0,0314098

1.6.2 RUN 2
 Laju alir air panas : 8 L/m
 Laju alir massa air panas : 0,000133 kg/s
 Kecepatan alir air panas : 95 m/s
 Laju alir air dingin : 4.5 L/m
 Laju alir massa air dingin : 0,000075 kg/s
 Kecepatan alir air dingin : 6.79 m/s
 Diameter : 0,0035 m
 Ao : 0,0000014 m2
 Ae : 0,0000096 m2
 As : 0,00001104 m2
 Luas dalam tube : 2,514 m2
  Perhitungan

ΔTh ΔTc Qh Qc eff

0 8 0 2,508 -
0 6 0 1,881 -
4 5 2,22376 1,5675 70,48872

 Perhitungan

ΔT1 ΔT2 ΔTlm z y Ft ΔTm u k1 k2

2 10 4,970679 0 0,8 0,95 4,722146 8459386,372 0,5718359 0,581579487
2 8 4,328085 0 0,75 0,98 4,241523 5698789,681 0,5718359 0,57914359
5 6 5,484815 0,8 0,5 0,96 5,265422 5895392,524 0,57548974 0,576707692

 Perhitungan

ΔTy nreh ρh ρc vh vc µb µk nrec Nprh

10 2086 999,3949 999 95 6,79 0,999395 0,998574359 217,391304 12,62948718
8 2086 999,3949 999 95 6,79 0,999395 0,998779487 217,391304 12,62948718
10 2086 999,0872 999 95 6,79 0,999087 0,998984615 217,391304 11,62371795

Nprc Nnuh Nnuc hi hi'

9,947436 378,4471 31,06408 7784,52 8866,568
10,61795 378,4362 33,15702 7784,296 8866,313
11,28846 348,2738 35,24832 7209,641 8211,781

 Perhitungan

ho ho' 1/ho.ao 1/hi.ai ln r2/r1 2πKL1 (a) ln r2/r1 (a)

564,57 654,9009 2,1E-09 0,000284 0,1407 4,309355 0,03265
600,084 696,097 2E-09 0,000284 0,1407 4,309355 0,03265
635,249 736,8892 1,9E-09 0,000306 0,1407 4,336891 0,032443

ln r3/r2 2πLK2 ln r3/r2 (b) R U

2,46119 4,38278 0,561559 0,594492 1,682108
2,46119 4,36443 0,563921 0,596854 1,675451
2,46119 4,34607 0,566303 0,599051 1,669306

II. RUN 3
 Laju alir air panas : 6 ; 12 L/m
  Laju alir massa air panas : 0,00001 ; 0,0002 kg/s
 Kecepatan alir air panas : 7,14 ; 142,85 m/s
 Laju alir air dingin : 3 ; 4.5 L/m
 Laju alir massa air dingin : 0,00005 ; 0,000075 L/m
 Kecepatan alir air dingin : 4,53 ; 6,79 m/s
 Diameter : 0,0035 m
 Ao : 0,0000014 m2
 Ae : 0,0000096 m2
 As : 0,00001104 m2
 Perhitungan

ΔTH ΔTc Qh Qc eff

12 11 0,5772 2,6455 458,3333333
4 8 3,848 2,886 75
7 8 6,734 2,886 42,85714286

 Perhitungan

ΔT1 ΔT2 ΔTlm z y Ft Δtm u

15 14 14,5 1,09091 0,42307692 0,91 13,18976846 24923951,75
8 12 9,87 0,5 0,5 0,95 9,371953157 19319612,01
11 12 11,5 0,875 0,42105263 0,96 11,03303997 22743823,82

 Perhitungan

ΔTy Nreh Nrec vc vh ρh ρc µb

26 171413,098 120734,3855 4,52899 7,14285714 998,1 998,1641026 0,001156192
16 2735379,89 169275,1536 6,79348 142,857143 998,8 998,3692308 0,001450103
19 2994665,48 169275,1536 6,79348 142,857143 998,5 998,3692308 0,001324141

µk Nprh Nprc Nnuh Nnuc

0,001198179 8,271153846 8,606410256 1139,921538 8961,082635
0,001282154 10,61794872 9,276923077 13720,86382 12942,11456
0,001282154 9,612179487 9,276923077 13185,67017 12778,50986

 Perhitungan

k1 k2 hi hi' ho ho'
0,587669231 0,586451282 266,4654953 3615,949561 164226,2 190502,392
0,57914359 0,584015385 3160,82736 42892,579 236199,8128 273991,7829
0,582797436 0,584015385 3056,700645 41479,57448 233213,9485 270528,1803
 1/ho.ao 1/hi.ai lm r2/r1 2πLK1 (a) ln r2/r1 (a) ln r3/r2
7,34899E-12 0,009434653 0,140699882 4,428675323 0,031770196 2,461190123
5,10964E-12 0,000795364 0,140699882 4,364426092 0,032237889 2,461190123
5,17506E-12 0,000822459 0,140699882 4,391961477 0,032035773 2,461190123

2πLK2 ln r3/r2 (b) R U

4,419496862 0,556893737 0,598098586 1,671965162
4,401139938 0,559216512 0,592249765 1,688476822
4,401139938 0,559216512 0,592074743 1,688975946

1.7 Grafik

14

12

10
U (W/m2.K)

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
laju alir panas (LPM)

Gambar 2. Grafik laju alir air panas terhadap U