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    2010 HCM Volume 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mayk Montiel

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    HCM2010 HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL VOLUME 1: CONCEPTS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD (OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMES WASHINGTON, Bc | WWW.TRB.ORG ‘TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2010 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE* ‘Chae Mice Morne Distr of Tamporation, oth CenlTsas Counce Covent “Vie Chale Neil}. Pedersen, Administrator, Mayland Site ginny Aemston Blimare secatve Diet Robe Skinner es ansportation essareh Bord Tage bap pagina sya trons st sana ers nee ee ee eeeeaee Shik et ee ek en aE sang te rae teagan orate moka ieee inne Zhai coramerenne val oe ane Peers aa ane. aac ett on crn ae race ae es >= cmetinnaten tar awa ed Hote Prien Co or Chan Ac oly, Nscingon DC ait tee fc pe nana an ea aes sac er Nn Set Debs Nilo, Seen Kanes Dept of ‘regen ips an suns ere ty sch ti pn Gs tie ei sng intone oak eset ohana vine ere eat nt Kercher baa Sa nice ea oi eo eco Aon i ec eee alps ata "cpa es ie a Spi oatieaeso, ste en chin ohn Aton Nia ‘C Miche! Walton, Ermer Chel Contra hain Engen Vey ota NetPan he Peer, Appel Administrator Research and Irnorave ‘tively Adminiarasen, US Dopartnea ‘ranaportten ox osc) | RandoiphBabbit Adminatate Feral Avion "Ramintaton U's Deparment o ranporton (excites * Member a of Decor 2010, Reece M, Brewster, resident an COO, Americ “eagerness Sym caps ( (George Bagel, Pesident Ener and Uuvesty rstetne Payne Ne York tiny ea eee ‘cae o Ergin en De (era) Annes. Ferny ambit Feral Motor art Salty “admasraton U.S Deparnen’ of Tansperiaton enay Gh hit Divison of arpontaion Bur of Traian Atm US. Gearon the mon Wahi: 3c exc) wand Habre Pec nd CEO Aeon ‘American Raita Nashingon DC (ex adc) (C Honey Esra Dacor Amerie faeinon Je Site Fighway ad Tarpornton Otic Wehagen DS (exotsan David TE Masuda DeplyAdmiitatz, Martie “Adminataten US Deparment eroporaton crotnes) veri dpe Fed hy insta | a Pareportaon| atts) vee Whe Pe Ape (croton tas Chae 99) “aa Oot, Under Seeany fr Science and Teco ‘Us Deparment of Hertand Scary (eau) Rober Papp nam. Us Coast Gane Commandant, Td Cott Card, US Deparment omelnd ‘Gyn Seaterman Adminrtr,Pipei ond aardourMatrisulety Admiitraton US, ( if iano x) vat tos Saito bree ‘Adinttaen US Deparment aneporation (evetico) wi Sn, drt ergy ‘arepernon eno) Joveph Sante Auta Federal aikond Tminstaon, Us beprtman a rarsporaon (rotnces Paty Totenber Asstt Secretary or Tanapration ae, Us Beparmnt ef hansporaton ox thas) obese Van Antwerp (2 Coe U5. Amy Chie ot Engineers and Comsanding Gener US Army Cipraf Engine Nahin Bro) thgindedal pentane dey foe “ene Ot age at oe ‘Sadan anion ver. Aste a tary ‘bret acre subtacal acount For Fiber inormatel cont he Tareporion Resch fear Banas Oto, SD Se NW, Watton, cin epone asses ac 202250 or mall THBSlahased Copyright 20106 the Non Acad of Scenes Fine Und Stn of Ameri, P ISBN 97802001407 Spears st of re vom] Ian 9780-39-17 eae ISRN 970-319-1607. [tre 2 "SBN 98-30-13 [ture 3 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES ‘Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine ‘The National Academy of cence ie private nonprofit el perpetuaingsocety af disngued| scholars ngage in scent and engineering esearch, dedicated othe farerance of sence and {cchnalogy ond tether se lor the gence ella On the abot fhe cart rete oy the ‘Congres 1853, Acsdomy has amanda that equi Ie adie the fede goverment on ‘citi nd techie airs De Ralph) Geerone i psd of the Naina Atadeny of See ‘The National Academy of Engineering was estishe in 196 under the chart of he Nation ‘Academy of Sclenes sa parallel ogarzaton of oustanding engineers ts autonomous its ‘smintaon an inthe sen fe members sharing with he National Asdemy of Scenes ‘he responsibil beading the eer goverment The National Acad af Engine ls sponsors engincrng programs sme st meting masons neds encourage econ ae reach fd recognizes Ux super acevements of engines De Charles Mc et print ofthe Neal ‘ead of Engroerng ‘The Instat of Medicine was established in 197 by the National Academy of Sens to eee the serves of eniest member of nopropiae proto in the euminaton ef pai matirs raining tothe rl of the publ The leit acts uncer the responsi ven the National ‘Academy of Scenes by congresiona charter to be an adviser tothe federal goverment non sown native idea sues of medical care, escrch, and education De Harvey VFncberg is Pretidentf thet of Medic ‘The National Research Counc! was organize by the National Academy ofc in 1916 to asodtethe raed eammuniy a since and einclogy with he Acaemy’s papas ohn -rowiedge and avising the federal goverment Functioning in accordance wih general paises determined the Acad, the Coun ha me the pracpal operating agency ofboth the National Academy of Sclences and the National Academy of Eiineering in peo ing series othe government the publi, and the acetic and engiwering communi. The Can administered Jnl by both the Academies andthe Iratute of Medicine, Ralph]. Cone and Di, Chace Nota sa nal te a ses Natal Reeds Cn ‘The Tansportation Research Boards one of x marion ofthe National Reseach Counc The sion of ie Tasportaton Research Bourd isto rovideleadenhip in wareperason sation and progres through serch and inormaton exchange, conducted within ating tat deve, Intertiscpinary. and mali The Boar's varied ates analy engage about 700 engrees, ‘Sens and te ansprtatin researchers rd pratitones rm the public and pvt sectors Sud academia al of wham conte heir experi inthe public interest. The rogram suppor bys wansprtaiondeparenent federal agences including the component idmunitratons et ‘he US, Deparenntof Transporation, and other organizations and indies inthe development oftansportation. www TRB org vwucnaionsbecadamies org Fighway Capaciy Manual 2010 FOREWORD ‘This ith eition ofthe Highowy Capacity Maal breaks a great deal of rew ground, ‘+ Ris the frat Highay Capacity Manual to provide an integrated ‘multimodal approach tothe analysis and evaluation of urban srets fom the points of view of automobile drivers, transit passengers, bicyclists, land pedestrians, This isthe frst manual to take into account the effets of ‘arson bicyclists and pedestrians. ‘+ tis the frst to address the proper application of microsimulation analysis and the evaluation of those results ‘+ lis the frst to discus ative traffic management in relation to both demand and capaci + 1sthe firs to include example applications of its procedures implemented in software code and executables to assist users and software developers in understanding the sublleties of the methodologies, + Its alo the frst to provide tools, generalized service volume tables, to asit planners in quickly sizing future facilites, While this eition of the Higaay Capacity Manual has many Bss, i lso builds on more than 60 yees of work by many dedicated experts in the fed “The frst Higheay Capacity Manual was published in 1950 a a joint venture between the Highway Research Board's Committe on Highway Capacity and the Bureau of Public Roads. That efor was led by O. K. Norman, commitee chai and Wiliam Walker, committee secretary. The manual was the frst International document on the broad subjec of capacity and provided definitions ‘of key terms, a compilation of maximum observed flows, and the iii fundamentals of capacty. “The second edition was published in 1965 by the Highway Reseach Boasd and authored by the Committee on Highway Capacity. O.K. Norman led much ‘ofthis effort until hiuntimely death in 196, CatlC Sal continued the work as the new committee chair with Arthur A. Carter, J, as secretary. The Bureau of Public Roads was again significant cantabutor to the project. The 1965 manual wasa significant extension ofthe 1950 edition and introduced the concept of levelof service ‘The third edition ofthe manwal was published in 1985 by the Transporation Research Board (TRB) and authored by the Committee on Highway Capacity and Quality of Service chaired by Carton C. Robinson, with Charles W. Dale as secretary. Credit is also due to Robert C. Blumenthal an James H, Kell, who served as committe chairs between the publication ofthe 1965 and 1985 eaitions. The 1985 edition extended capacity analysis to additional faity types, "Thank ar end to AID. Mayor hi sot ir of ny Copy Ma wich ‘sft rove in is Forever othe 9A eon Tae Highway Copocly Manual 2010 Incorporated driver perceptions into evel of sevice, and was the ist to have the analysis pence implemented in computor sare {An update tothe third edition ofthe marl was published in 1994 with [Adolf D. May as chair ofthe committee and Wayne K.Kiteleon as secretary. The 1994 edition ofthe mana s noted for new procedures forthe analysis of {roevay ramp junctions allway and two-way stoP-contolled intersections, and ‘two-lane rural highways. ‘The fourth edition ofthe manuel was published in 2000 sith John D. Zeger 1s chair ofthe commitee and Richard G. Dowling as secretary. Tht manual was the fist to go to a multivolume format (with one volume dedicated to concepts for policy makers) and was the first o test novel electronic formats forthe ‘manual using hyperlinked text and narrated self gulded tutorials fr some ofthe ‘example problems. ‘The Highoy Capacity Manual has grown over the decades, and it ha long since ceased to be the product of a few highly competent experts or even that of @ single committe. Ths edition ofthe Higay Capacity Manta has benefited from the most extensive involvement ofthe professional community far surpassing that ofall the previous editions. More than 300 professionals, many of them ‘entirely new to TRB, the Commitee on Highway Capacity and Quality of Service, an the manual development process itself contributed inthe year-long, chapter review process, which ha culminated inthe publication ofthis ith ‘dition. ‘This eition the first to involve other TRB commits ints development. “The following committes from the Operations Section (AFTBOO) ofthe Technical Activites Counel of TRB provided reviewers or comments directly on the drafts ‘of the mana: ‘+ AHI, Freway Operations: 4 AHS, Trai Signal Systems; ‘+ AHBS5, Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle, High-Occupancy Tel and Managed Lanes; and ‘+ AHS, Trafic Flow Theory and Characteristics. ‘The members ofthe Commitee on Highway Capacty and Quality of Service ‘hank these committees fr thee asistance and thank the dis ofthe Operations Section, Daniel S. Turner and then Peter M. Bria, Jr, or their support and encouragement ofthe multicomsmitte involvement in the evelopment ofthe Highiny Capacity Manual ‘Weare also grateful forthe support we have received from the members and staf ofthe Insitute of Traneportation Engineers (ITE). Ous joint surnmer ‘meetings with local ITE sections thoughout the manual development process ‘were particularly informative and productive. ‘Throughout ths effort, the advice and support of Richard Cunard, Engineer of Trafic and Operations of TRB, was extremely valuable in helping the committee anticipate, address, and overcome the obtaces that arise everytime ‘major new document is published. Fev Tetons Teens Fighway Capacity Manual 2010 “The Highway Capacity Manual 2010 would never have become a realty without the hard work of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 3.92 panel, chaired by Barbara Ostrom, with Ray Derr as Senior Program Office forthe prot. The committe thanks the NCHRP 3.92 panel, ts staff and its contactor, Kittelson & Associates Inc. fr delivering a high-quality ‘mantl tha will gresty improve transportation engineering and planning practice in the years to come. ‘The committe invites those interested in improving the profession's ‘undertanding of expaciy and quality of sevice analysis to contact ‘ww AHB.org and become involve. For the Committee on Highway Capacity and Quality of Servie (AHB40), Richard G. Dowling Lily Eeteriadou Committee Chaie Commitee Secretary atober 1, 2010 ‘ighway Capacity Manual@010 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ‘The Hightny Copacity Manel 2010 the result of the coordinated efforts of many individual, groups, research organizations and governent agencies. The ‘TRB Committe on Highsiay Capacity and Quality of Service is responsible for ‘the content of the Higinay Capacity Manual; preparation ofthe manval was ‘accomplished through the efforts ofthe fllowing groups and individual: ‘TRB COMMITTEE ON HIGHWAY CAPACITY AND QUALITY OF SERVICE (Mente of January 31,2010) Richatd Dowling Dowling Associ, Inc.—Chairman Lily Eeteriadou, University of Florida Secretary Loren Bloomberg, CH2M Hill Robert Bryson City of Mime F Thomas Creasy, ENTRAN Janice Daniel, New frsey Institut of Tecnology Michael Dixon, University of dao ‘Aimee Flannery, Gorge Meson University Robert Foyle, [TRE at Nort Corotna State University Dirk Gross, Oia Depertment of Transportation Martin Guttenplan, Wilbur Smith Associates ‘Mohammed Had, Florida Intemational University John Halkias, Feral Highoay Administration [Abdel-Rabman Hama, TraffConsl td ¢ Kevin Hanley, Calon Dpariment of Transportation Michael ister, Gorn Institate of Tehsology ‘Tapio Luttinen, Aso University Jacl Maccuson Jacl Enginering Grow Ine. Hideki Nakamura, Nagoy University Elena Prassas, Paste Institute of New York Univesity Bruce Robinson, Raison Transporation Consulting Lee Rodegerdts, Kita & Asoiats, ne “Manuel Romana, Universita Poltdonce de Madrid William Sampson, University of Florida Bastian Schroeder, ITRE at North Carolina State Univesity Dennis Strong, Strong Concept Zong Tia, University of Nevada, Reno ‘Scott Washburn, University of Flora Andrew Wolf, State Unversity of New Yor, Utica Grant Zammit, Feral Highamy Admisaton Richard Cunard, Transportation Research Board tf rpreseitioe (Emeritus Members) ‘Adolt May, University of Califor, Berkeley (eine) ‘Willen Rely, Kitson & Associates, Ine. deceased) Carlton Robinson, Cansultan (ered) Roger Roess,Poylcni state of New York Univesity Tara arose ga (embers 2003-2006) Ray Benekobal, University of Minis ‘Werner Brion, Runes Bochum John Leonard, Georgia institute of Tecnlogy (George List, North Carolina State University ‘Thomas Parlante, Arizona Department of Transportation Wiliam Prosser, Federal Highony Administration Erik Ruehr, VRPA Technologie, ne James Schoen, Kitelon & Associates Ine Kevin St. Jacques, Wilbur Smith Associate Andra) Tarko, Purdue Unioersity Rod Troutbeck, Quersland University of Tecnolegy Mark Vandehey, Kittelson & Associates, In, (Members of August 1, 2010) Lily Eleetiadou, University of lari Chair Thomas Creasey, ENTRAN— Secretary Loren Bloomberg, CH2M Hill Robert Byson, City of Minus Janice Danie, New Jersey Institute of Teclogy Michael Dison, Uniersity of Idaho Richaed Dowling, Doling Associates, Ine ‘Aimee Flannery, George Mas Univesity Dirk Gross, Ohio Deartment of Transporation Martin Gutenplan, Wibur South Associates Mohammed Hadi, Foie International University Kevin Hanley, Calfrnia Department f Transportation Michael Hunter, Georgia Dstitut of Tecbology Nizoing "Ling" Li, Vigna Department of Transportation “Tapio Luttinen, Aatio Univesity Joe! Marcuson, acs Eninzering Group Ine Peyton MeLeod, Sprinkle Cosuling, In Elena Prassas, Polytechnic Institue of New York University Bruce Robinson, Robinson Transportation Consuling Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates, Ie “Manuel Romana, Universi Poltcnza de Madrid ‘William Sampson, University of lara Bastian Schroeder, ITRE at North Carolina State Univesity Robert Sheohan,Fadeal Highey Administration Alexander Skabardonis, Uniersty af Clr, Bereley Dennis Strong, Strong Concepts Zong Tia, University of Nevada, Reno Scott Washburn, Unversity of Florida Andrew Wolf, State Unzersity of Nav York, Utica Grant Zammit Feral Highony Adminstration Richard Cunard, Trensportalion Research Board tof representative co Fighway Copaciy Manual 2010, ‘Ea an RT Fighway Capacity Manual 2010 ‘Subcommittee on Active Traffic Management Kevin Hanley, Carmi Departmen of Transportation Chair Loren Bloomberg, CH2M Hill Robert Bryson, City of Mieke [Noel Cai, URS Corporation Janice Daniel, New fre Institute of Tecnology B.Ray Dert, Transporation Resear Board Michael Dixon, University of idaho Richard Dowling, Dowling Associate, Robert Foye, ITRE e Nor Carolina State University ‘Mohammed Had, Florida International University [AbdshRahman Hamad, TrafConsul Lid ‘Michael Hunter, Georgia Institute of Tecolony Joel Marcuson Jacabs Engineering Grou, Ine Jes McCarty, Ferd Highs Aulminration Brandon Nevers Kite & Associts, In. Rodney Oto, California Department of Tronsportation ‘Mark Plas, Florida Department of Teensporaton [Nagi Roupholl ITRE at Nork Coraline Sate Univesity Eric Ruch, VRPA Tesla, ne Gary Rylander, Rylader Consulting, LLC ‘Chalap Sadam, Alber! Grover and Assis, Ine. Bastian Schroeder, ITRE at North Carolina State Univesity ‘Yinhai Wang, Univesity of Washington Andrew Wolf, State University of New Yor, Utce Grant Zammit, Federal Highaay Adminisaton ‘Subcommittee on Bicycles and Pedestrians ‘Martin Guttenplan, Wilbur Smith Assacites—Chair Charles Alexander, For & Peers Transportation Consultants Robeet Bryson City of Mitoaukee ‘Anthony Butzck, Mer, Portland F. Thomas Creasey, ENTRAN ‘Willam J Davis, The Citadel 1B. Ray Derr, Trensportaton ResemchBoord Michael Dixon, University of Iho Jim Ercolano, New York State Department of Transportation Joseph Fazio, South Dakota Schoal of Mines end Technolgy ‘Aimee Flannery, George Mason Univesity Frank Fonseca, Tafc Operations Support Growp, LLC David Gibson, Federal Highany Administration ‘Mohammed Hadi, Forde itemational University rod Hall, Univesity of Calgary Catherine Hollow, City of Tempe, Arizona John Karachepone, Jacob Engineering Group, Ine ‘Bruce Landis, Sprinkle Consltng Ine. John LaPlante, TY. LinInterational Dougls McLeod, Florida Department of Transportation Peyton McLeod, Spindle Coun, Ine. Barbara Ostrom, MACTEC Engineering and Consulling Ine. Jai Parks, Kite & Associates, Ine ‘Theo Ptisch, Sprinkle Consulting, Ine Manuel Romana, Universidad Plitenica de Marit "Nagui Rouphai, ITRE at Noth Carolina State Uniersity Paul Rus Kitelon 6 Associate, Ie ‘Bastian Schroeder, ITRE at Nov Carolina State University ‘Bhuvanesh Singh, Gund Corporation ‘Brian Smalhosk, Kinley Hore an Associates, ne Mack Vandehey, Kitelon & Associates, In Mark Visklr, University of Missouri, Columbia Heng Wel, Universiy of Cincinat ‘Subcommittee on Freeways and Multilane Highways Scott Washburn, University of Flrida Chair Loren Bloomberg, CH2M Hill ‘Were: Bln, Rul Uniersitat Bochum B. Ray Der, Transportation serch Board Michael Dixon, University of ako Richard Dowling, Dowling Asai, ne. Brian Eads, Comord, Murphy & Tl, ly Elefteriadou, Unies of Florida Joseph Fazio, Soh Dalat Schoo of Mines and Techrology Robert Foyle, ITRE at North Carolin State University Dirk Geoss, Ohio Depertment of Transporation ‘Mohammed Hadi, Flor International Univesity Fred Hall, University of Calgary AbdulRahiman Hamad, TrafiConslé id Kevin Hanley, California Departmant of Trensportton ‘Alexardra Kondyii, ANKA Consulting Douglas MeLeod, Florida Department of Transportation Hideki Nakamura, Nagoya University Barbara Ostrom, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Ine Wiliam Prosser, Fede! Highoay Adminstration Bruce Robinson, Rabson Transportation Consulting Roger Roess Polytechnic institut of New York University Manuel Romana, Universidad Politénica de Madrid [Nagai Rouphail, TRE st North Caran State University Bastian Schroeder, [TRE et Nort Carolina Stat University Zong Tan, University of Neca, Reno Tighway Capaciy Manual 2010 Vyas CSCC RS ‘GaTBaDS ad NOTATIONS Tighway Copachiy Manoa! 2010 ‘Subcommittee on Interchange Ramp Terminals. Joe! Marcusor acts Engineering Group, Ine. Cir ¢ ‘Miranda Blogg. Kittelson & Associates James Bonneson, Texas Trnsporttion Institute Robert Bryson City of Miteankee [Noel Cail, URS Coporation ‘Mike Christensen, Minnests Department of Transportation retired) ‘Kenneth Courage, University of lita F. Thomas Creasey, ENTRAN’ Janie Danie, New Jersey Institut of Teclogy [Ly Elefteriadou, University of Floride (Cara Fang University of Haron Robert Foyle, TRE a Nov Caroling Stte Univesity Dirk Gross, Oho Department of Transportation John Hatkias, Fara Highay Administration ‘Kevin Hanley, Calforuia Depaytment of Teansporaton B.Kent Lall, Port State Univesity ‘Thomas Parlante,Avzous Department of Transporation James Powell, Wibur Smith Asociates lana Prassas, Polytechnic stitute of New York Unizrsity Wiliam Prosser, Fiera! Highory Administration Lee Rodegendts, Kittelson & Associates, ne Roger Roess, Polytechnic Institute of New York Uicersity Bill Sampson, University of Florida Dennis Strong, Strong Concepts eter Terr, Bochmark Ci Engineering Services, Inc ‘Zong Tian, University of Nea, Reno Rod Troutbeck,Troutbek & Associates ‘Mark Vandehey, Kitson & Associates, ie Grant Zammit Federal Hightoay Adminstration ‘Subcommittee on Planning and Preliminary Engineering F. Andrew Wolf, Sate University of New York Utica ~Chir Rober Bryson, City of Mie F- Thomas Creasey, ENTRAN ‘Sem Granate, Ohio Department of Trensportation Mokemmed Hadi, Farid ternational University Kevin Hanley, California Deparnen of Transporation John Karachepone,Jcos Engineering Grp, In Wayne Kitelson, Kittelson & Asai, In. ‘Tapio Luttinen, Aalio University Douglas MeL, Florida Deparment of Transporation ‘Baybara Ostrom, MACTEC Engineering and Comuling, ne Erik Ruehe, VRPA Tecnologie, ne Paul Ryus, Kitson & Associates, Ine. ‘Scott Washburn, University of Frid Grant Zammit, Feral Highaay Adminstration [anaes anon ‘Subcommittee on Research Robeet Foyle, ITRE et Nort Carona Stat University Chair "Noe! Cail, URS Corporation B. Ray Det, Transporation Research Board “Michael Dixon, University of dao Paul Dorothy, Burges & Nil, ie (Claea Fang, University of Haro ‘Aimoe Fannery, George Mason University irk Gross, Oo Department of Transportation ‘Martin Guttenplan, Wibur Smith Ascites ‘Mohammed Had, Florida Intemational University John Halkias, Feel Highoay Administration ‘Michael Hunter, Georgia Institute of Teclogy ‘Brandon Nevers, Kitelsn & Associates, In Jamie Parks, Kilesow & Associa, Ie Bastian Schroeder, TRE at Noth Carolina State Univesity Zong Tian, University of Nevada, Reno Grant Zammit, Federal Highasy Administration ‘Subcommittee on Signalized Intersections Elena Prassas,Poiylchnc stitute of New York University — Chair Rahn Akl, Akl & Associates Py Lid James Borneson, Tens Transportation Institute Robert Bryson, City of Mitwauice Kenneth Courage, Universiyof Flite , Thomas Creasey, ENTRAN ‘Michael Hunter, Georgi Institute of Technology Marcus Januar, Ment & Hunt, Ie Brandon Nevers, Kitelion & Associates, In Khang Nguyen Kittelson & Associates, ne ‘Mohammad Qureshi, Univesity of Misour Rolla [Nagui Rouphail, TRE at Nerth Carolina State University Gary Rylander, Ryler Consulting, Ie Dennis Strong, Strong Conary Subcommittee on Traffic Simulation Applications Loren Bloomberg, CHM Hil—Chair ‘Kenneth Courage, Univesity of Frida Michael Dixon, University of idaho Richard Dowling, Dooling Associates, te Clara Fang, University of Harfot ‘Mohammed Had, FlorteInteratonal University Michael Hunter, Georgi Institute of Tecinlogy Do Nam, T-Coneeps Corp Manuel Romana, Universidad Pliticnicn de Madrid Erk Ruhr, VRPA Technologies, Inc Bastian Schroeder, ITRE at Noth Cirle State University eae Tae Fighway Capacity Mancal 2010 Corba ORME Tighway Capacity vanoa! 2010 Bhavanesh Singh, Gund Corporation Alexander Skabardonis, Univesity of Califor, Bensley ‘Scott Washburn, University of Flora Grand Zamit Federal Highosy Administration ‘Subcommittee on Two-Lane Highways Bruce Robinson, Robinson Transportation Consulting Chair Werner Belo Rul-Universitt Bochum Michael Dixon, University of Maho Ly Elefteriadou, Universiy of Flovida Dirk Gross, Ohio Department of Transportation red Hall, Univesity of Calgary [Abdul-Rabman Hamad, TraffiConsl Ltd Douglas Harwood, Miduest Research Institute (Chris Hoban, World Bonk ‘Manoj Jha, Morgan Stet University ‘Tap Luttnen, Aalio University Douglas MeL.co, Frida Department of Transportation Hideki Nakamura, Negoe University Abishai Pols, Telion-lerael nti of ecology Wiliam Prosser, Federal Highway Administration Roger Rots, Polytechnic Institut of New Yor Lnicersty Manvel Romana, Universi Plideica de Madrid CChaisto van As, Univesity of Prtorin Scott Washbuen University of Florida Subcommittee on Unsignalized Intersections Lee Rodegerdts, Kitson & Associates, Inc. —Char Rehan Agel Alel& Associates Py Lid ‘Miranda Blogg, Kitson & Associates ‘Wernee Brlon, Rur-Usiverstt Bochum Robert Foyle, ITRE at Nort Carolina Stat University Glenn Gag, retire Dik Gros, Ohio Department of Transportation Kevin Hanley, Calfrni Deparment of Transportation Dane smart, The Lous Berger Group, Inc. ‘Tapio Luttnen, Aalio Univesity Michael O'Rourke, Adler Consulting Erik Ruehe, VRPA Tachnologi, be ‘Wiliam Sampson, University of lita Bastian Schroeder, ITRE at North Carolina Stte Univesity Peter Terry, Benchmark Cini Bnginering Sere, Ine. Zong Tian, Univesity of Nea, Reno Andrew Wolfe, Stte Unversity of New York, Utice ‘Grater edraroneignses evi SSC ‘Subcommittee on Urban Streets Janice Daniel, New Jersey Init of Technolgy —Chair James Dotson, Tenne Tmpovtaton Intute Robert Bryson City of Mieke . Thomas Creasey, ENTRAN Richard Dowling, Dowling Associates, Ie Joseph Fazio, South Dalata Schon of Mines and Technology Robeet Foyle, ITRE et Nor Carolina Stat University Steven Gault Traffe Plansing and Design, Ine ‘Marin Guttenplan, Wibur Smit Asociates ‘Marcus Januari, Mead & Hun, ne (Chustof Krogscheepers, ITS Engines (PTY) Lid ‘Bruce Landis Sprinkle Consulting, In Joo! Marcuson Jacbs Enginering Group Ine. Douglas MeLeod, Florida Department of Transportation Peyton McLeod, Sprinkle Consulting, Ine lana Prasss, Polytechnic Instat of New York Univesity Dennis Strong, Strong Concepts ‘Mark Vandy, Kitson & Associates, Ie ‘Subcommittee on User Liaison Wiliam Sampson, Univesity of Flrida—Chair [Noel Casi, URS Corporation Robert Foyle, ITRE at North Crain Sat University Disk Gross, io Department of Transportation Kevin Hanley, Cajonia Department of Trensportaton “Michael Hunter, Georgia Institut of Tecnology Wayne Kittelson, Kittelson & Associates, Ine Michael O Rourke, Ader Consulting Barbara Ostrom, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, ie William Prosser, Feder! Highty Administration Manel Romana, Universidad Politécnica de Maid Erk Roche, VRPA Techlages, Ine ul Ryu, Kitlion & Associates, ine eter Terry, Benchmark Civil Engineering Sere Ine. F, Andrew Wolfe, Site University of New York, Utica Geant Zammit, Federal Highoay Adminstration Job Zegeer, Kittelson & Asai, ne: Task Force on Quality of Service ‘Aimee Flannery, George Maton Unversity Chair Martin Gutenplan, Wilbur Sth Associates Fre Hall University of Calgary Bruce Landis, Sprinkle Consulng, Ine Douglas Mcleod, Florida Department of Transportation Barbara Ostrom, MACTEC Engineering and Consuling, Ie [Nags RouphallITRE e Nor Cralna State University aaa Poni Tighway Capaciy Manuar2010 EDI and RTE Tighway Capacity Manoel 2010 ulus ion & Ascites ne oad Smith Cag ste Teg ( Pe Tey Boca a Engin es St Wau ney of re Geant Za Flr! igh Amnon [NCHRP PROJECT 3-92 PANEL Barbara Ostrom, MACTEC Enginering and Consulting, Ie. —Chir Robert Bryson City of Mime Richard Dowling, Doutng Associates, Ie David Gibson, Federal Higiony Administration Kevin Hanley, Calfenia Department of Treasprtaton Bruce Landis, Sprinkle Consulting, Ine John Leonard, Geargie institute of Technolgy Douglas MeLeod, Florida Department of Transportation Andrew Wolfe, Stte University of Nw Yor, Ute Richard Cunard, Trensportaton Research Board nso represetatice B. Ray Derr, Transporation Resor Bord sta representative NCHRP PROJECT 3-92 RESEARCH TEAM Mark Vandehey,Kitelon & Associ, Ine.~ Principal lmesgtor ‘Wayne Kittelson, Kittelson & Asoc, Ine Kyle Meyer, Kittelson & Associates, Ine Jamie Park, Kitelon & Associates, Willies R. Reilly, Kittel 6 Asoits, Tne. lees) Lee Rodegerdts, Kitelon & Associates, Ine Paul Ryus, Ketelon & Associates, Inc Jon Sommerville, Kitson & Associates, Ine. Jon Zegeer,Kitteluon& Asai, ne Nagi Rouphall, TRE at North Coron Sate University ‘Bastlan Schroeder, ITRE a! Nor Cavalina State University ‘Brian Eads, Crawford, Murphy & ily, Ine Roger Roos, Pelytcc Institut of New Yor Unizersty Jose Ulero,Plytecnc Insitute of New York Unizesity Jim Bonneson, Texas Transporation Insitute Ken Courage, University ofFlride [ADDITIONAL CHAPTER DEVELOPMENT ‘The project listed belove developed High Capacity Mensa chapters ‘outside the main NCHRP 3:92 production project. Chapter 1, HOM User's Guide, list other NCHRP and Federal Highway Administration projets that also «contributed sgnficaly to this edition. [aa Tagawa Tee Tighway Capaciy Manvar 2070 7 NCHRP Projects 3-60 and 3-608 iy Blefteriadow, Unversity of Florida—Principal Investigator ino Cu, Lsiersty of Florida ‘Aaron Bliss, University of Florida ‘Aesanda Kondyi, University of Florida (Cie La, Unversity f Florida Danita Michalak, University of Florida Jigoun Yeon, Univesity f Florida (Cara Fang, University of Harford "lena Prassas,Piylcnc University Roger Reess, Polytcnic University Haiyuan Wang, Connell University Jean Mason, Pennsyania Sate University NCHRP Project 3-85 Ken Courage, University of Forte ~ Principal Investigator Liy Elefteradon, University of Floride ‘Scott Washburn, University of Fria DpNam, TConepts Corp. Federal Highway Administration Project DTFH61-06-D-00004 Richard Dowling, Dowling Assis, Ine.—Privcpal Instigator PHOTO CREDITS Peyton McLeod: Exhibit 3173 Minnesota Department of Transportation: Exhibit 35-2 Jmnie Parks: Exhibit 3-dabedé PB Farradyne: Exhibit 35-1 “Theo Petritch: Exhibit 3178 Le Rodegerds: Exhibits 3-14egi, 3:17, 15-1abe1) Prul Rytas Exhibits 3-14h, 3-17, 3-20, 419, 15-12), 2518 "Hermans Steyn: Euhbit td Yolanda Takesian: Exhibit 1-Tabe Texae Transportation inetitte Exhibit 3-4 Set Washburn: Exhbi Tot Jessie Yung: Exhibit 35:5 ‘TRB PRODUCTION STAFF ‘Norman Soloman Senior aitor (retired) edited HCM 2010 with the sistance of Cay Butler, Elaine Eldridge, Naomi C. Kassabian, and Luanne (Crayton; Mary McLaughlin proofread the volumes; Juanita L. Green managed ‘he proton: and Melanie Wilkins designed the cover, under the supervision of avy Awan, Director of Publications. areas SCC ard RS Tighway Capacty Manvel 2010 CHAPTER 1 HM USER'S GUIDE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 2.HCM PURPOSE AND SCOPE. Purpose and Objectives Intended U8 nnn ‘Target Users. 2 STRUCTURE... Overview z Volume 1: Concepts 13 Volume 2: Uninterrupted Flow Sac eeeEe: ‘Volume 3:Interrupted POW. — 14 Volume & Applications Guide 14 Computational Engines. 15 Commercial Software 15 | INTERNATIONAL USE... a6 Applications H cs eet Metric Conversion Guide 5, WHAT'S NEW IN THE HCM 2010. Overview ‘Methodological Changes by System Element. ee HO 6.COMPANION DOCUMENTS rene sodA Highway Safety Manual... iH Lu ‘A Policy on Geometric Design of Highvvays and Stes 144 ‘Manual on Uniform Trafic Control Devices. nat ‘Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Maral 144 *7.REFERENCES. 15 Sone wher oso mer cae ‘rc 200 Highway Capacity Manual 2010 LIST OF EXHIBITS [Exhibit 1-1 Metric Conversion Table 1 Exhibit 1-2 Major Research Projects Contributing to the HM 2010, 18 Sa Highway Capacity Mancal 2010 1. INTRODUCTION “The Highway Capacity Man! 2010 (HCN ste ith edition ofthis ‘fundamental reference document. Like its predecessors, the HCM 2010 has been significantly revised to incorparate the latest research on highway capacity and ‘quality of service. It has also been substantally reorganized, These changes continue the HCM's evolution, keeping the manual in step with its users’ noods and present times. “The 1950 HM (1) vas the ist document to quantify the concept of capacity {or transportation facilites and focused almost entirely on that subject. This focus ‘was in response tothe rapid expansion ofthe U.S. rosdveay system after World ‘War ILand the need to determine lane requirements forthe Interstate highseay system and the roads that provided acces tot. The mana was designed to be “a practical guide by which the engineer, having determined the essential acs, can design anew highway or revamp an old one with assurance that the sulting capacity will bas ealeulted." ‘The focus on desig continued inthe 1965 HCM (2) but the level of service (L085) concept was also introduced with this edition, along with a chapter on bus transit. The HCM permitted the “determination ofthe capacity, service volume, lor level of service which wil be provided by thera new highway design or an existing highway under specified conditions.” ‘The 1985 HCM (3) was another significant step in the evolution of the HCM. It farther refined the concept of LOS and incorporated the results of several major research projects performed since the publication ofthe 1965 HICM, The target audience was broadened through the addition of chapters on pedestrians and bieycles and an expansion of the transit chapter. ‘A substantial increase inthe volume and breadth of material occurred with the publication ofthe HCM2000 (4). The intent ofthe manual was "to provide 3 systematic and consistent bass for assessing the capacty and level of service for elements ofthe surface transportation system and also for systems that involve series o a combination of individual faites” ‘The HCM 2010 has dded much new material from research projets completed since the publication of HCM2000 and has been reorganized to make As contents more accessible and understandable. The reorganization is also {nee to encourage analysts and decision makers o consider ll odway users as well asa broader range of performance measure, when they assess transportation fality performance. ‘Chapter 1, HCM User's Guide, isthe starting point for learning how to use {his edition ofthe HM. This chapter presents the purpose, objectives, intended tse and target users of the HOM 200; describ the contents a each of the four volumes tht make wp the HM: summarizes the major changes that have been made to HOM2000 methodologies; and mentions some ofthe important ‘companion documents tothe HCM. The remainder of Volume 1 presents the fundamental information with which users should be Familia before starting to ‘pply the manual Toney TREN oars Coe Famer er ecen Trt ont Corey Coens ‘ty and ee ed cs ban teste aes Tons ‘pas Novo sre Scnny mesma Highway Copacty ManvalZ010 lentes te a cSocieorev aun at Hen Repose ad Soe HCM PURPOSE AND SCOPE PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES ‘The purpose ofthe HM isto providea set of methodologies, and associated application procedures for evaluating the multimodal performance of highway tnd sret faites in tems f operational measures and one or more qualiy-of “The objectives ofthe HM are to 1. Define performance measures and describe survey methods for key traffic characteristics, 2, Provide methodologies for estimating nd predicting performance measures and 13. Explain methodologies at level of detail hat allows readers to understand the factors affecting multimodal operation. “The HCM 2010 presents the best avallable techniques atthe ime of publishing for determining capacity and LOS, However, it doesnot establish a legal standard for highway design or construction. INTENDED USE ‘The HM is intended to be used primarily forthe analysis areas listed ‘below, tothe extent that they ae supported by the individual analysis methodologies 1 Leos af nase operations design preliminary engineering, and planning ‘+Travel mde automobile (and other motorized vehicles), pedestian, and bicyele, pls transit when itis part ofa multimodal urban ste fait. 1 Spit couerage points, segments, and facies, «+ Tenporal coverage undersaturated and oversaturated conditions TARGET USERS “The HCM is prepate for use by (a engineers who work inthe fil of traffic ‘operations or highway geometric design and (transportation planners who "work in the fed of transportation system management To use the manal céfectively and to apply itsmethodologies, some technical background is, ‘desirable typically university-level teining or technical workin a public agency or consulting frm, ‘The HCM is also useful to management personnel, educators, ae quality specialists, noise specialists elected oficial, regional land use planners, and interest groups representing special users, Paaerz ‘Gavi HOH Des ake Fighway Capachy Manca 2010 3, STRUCTURE ovERVIEW Since 2000, nore than $5 million in funded National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) research has partially or entirely focused on HCM methodologies. To keep the HM ata manageable size and yet incorporate the results of this research, the HCM 2010 has been divided into fous volumes: 1. Concepts, 2. Uninterrupted Flow, 3, Interrupted Flow, and 4, Applications Guide "When the HOM2000 (4) was being develope, US tates were moving towatd compliance with federal requirements to se metic units in the design of roadways, Asa result, the HCM2000 was published in "US. customary” and. “metric” versions, Hecaus the federal metrcationsequirements were ater dropped and mos states returned to US. customary unis this edition only uses US. customary unis, A metric conversion guide s provided later in this chapter, ‘The following sections describe the contents of each HCM 2010 volume. VOLUME 1: CONCEPTS: ‘Volume I covers the basic information that an analyst shouldbe Familiar ith before performing capacity or quality of service analyses, Its chapters cover the organization ofthe HM the kinds of applications that canbe performed swith the HM; modal characteristics trafic flow, capacity, and qualit-o service concepts; the range of tools available to perform an analysis; guidance om Interpreting and presenting analysis results and the terms and symbols aed in ‘the HEM. Chapter 8, HM Primer, provides an executive summary ofthe HM for decision makers ‘Users familia with the HCM2000 wil find that Volume 1 incorporates Part ‘ofthe HCM2000; conceptual material rom HCM2000 Paes IV, and V; and new material developed for the 2010 edition, Volume 1s provided in three-sing binder and electronic formats, to facilitate the addition of new conceptual material as new research i incorporated into the HICM between major update, ‘VOLUME 2: UNINTERRUPTED FLOW ‘Volume 2 contains the methodological chapters relating to uninterrupted ‘tow system elements, All ofthe material necessary in performing an analysis of ‘one ofthese elements appears here: 2 description ofthe proces thorough enough to allow an analyst o understand the steps involved (although not necessarily replicate them by hand), the scope and imitations of the methodology, specitic

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