Cracks Cracks that may occur in welded materials are ‘used generally by many factors and may be Classified by shape and position. Classified by Shape Classified by Position sLongtudinat Haz Transverse ‘Centering “Chevron rater Lamelian Tear ‘Fusion zone ‘Parent metal ‘Main Crack Types + Soliiication Cracks 1+ Hydrogen induced Cracks + Lamalar Tearing + Reheat racks Solfieation Cracking + Stee with high sulphur imputies cont lw aucity Heung temperate) + Regie high tenes + Occur longtuinly down carve of weld Hydrogen induced Cold Cracking + Reguresuceptble hard grain rte, sez ow tempers and hycrogen + tytogen enters weld via welling we many a et of + Hyerogen dices out ino parent meta acling Lamellar Tearing»: + See Tipe Any seep posse + Surceptbe Micesracue Poor trough thickness diay " Indusonsn he parent mater (eg sulphides and ‘ete ting op under he nifuarce welding sreszes Srscighgiee impure sever sceete {ener crecion ofthe men forouge vecnes recon) Gas Cavities »« aunpore Cuterperonty ‘Lom oo aes ‘Sane erodes sContainaon “Arc engh too tage ‘Damaged crocs mex “Soltis on parent atin Welding eure in om ‘on pore <.s0 ‘lou nal> torn otngooneporosty Miscellaneous Imperfections »» case: + Aclenat srmng ot te ‘scone ne pao navn + ray letras nolan + Poor ete inten Poor tum wa ‘ming Are strike Miscellaneous Imperfections.» Crater Pipe » Solid Inclusions. crepe sas neta a coe on Sesppcrans ere posbowtn inoue cit eee a Welding Imperfections 5. Wasa ‘Typical Causes of Lack of Fusion: + welding current too low + bevel angle too steep + root face too large (single-sided weld) + root gap too smal (single-sided weld) 7 + incomect electrode angle + linear misalignment + welding speed too high + welding process related — particularly dip-transfer GMAW + flooding the joint with too much weld metal (blocking Out) Grape Surface and Profile s» at te ton oot» wed cute by ‘owing ons oan ts part atom ang 8 Incomplete Filed groove Poor cap profile “sou rot pees Poot ap proses nd ‘ico cap rfercenanty some! wong aya ve cigs ‘ottoman parame “caren totow ote ra porn Bina Exonssive oap height Set-Up Irregularities «= cia Roi aipeneaiGness Lmarnasamnmenta Aston eo inmost ta bat wat ‘easane ron ea somite pet pone aes: + Ean back ee * Freer ig 1S wen BA * foe ne paint nga grant cee merit anand moe Concave Root Bika mens SE sng anne Seipanscrertent wetg © ootaap tog ceive Oxidized Root (Root Coking) von I coms: Weld Root Imperfections i» * sess ornsfiert—_usatngatpe of wi pot on rena ‘back purging gas (TIG) penetration resulting In a hole in the root Fun, ost conmriy ose A when welding stainless. Som ioe Hoh Ashots ae ugg ‘Small Root face = Pugin ses ince argon, helium and peeeneae ‘ecasionaly nrogen ‘Burn through a Mechanical Damage:=