Microwave tubes:

Microwave tubes may be classified as (1) Amplifiers (2) oscillators

Some of the different microwave tubes are as follows:
1) Klystron microwave tube(amplifier):-
A neat sketch of klystron mwt is as shown in
figure. The vacuum tube consists of a cathode that is heated by a filament and two cavity
resonators. At a very high temperature, the cathode emits electrons. These negative
electrons are attracted by a positive plate or collector. The electrons emitted by the
cathode are focused into a very narrow stream by electrostatic and electromagnetic fields.
This sharply focused beam of electrons is then forced to pass through the centers of two
cavity resonators. The cavity is open at the centre. The microwave signal to be amplified
is applied to the lower cavity (buncher cavity) by means of a coupling loop. The signal
sets up electric and magnetic fields in the cavity. These fields influence the electron beam
to produce velocity modulation in them. Due which the electron beam is density
modulated. The bunched electrons move towards the positively charged collector.
Then they pass through the centre of another cavity ( collector cavity).
The result is that the cavity is exicted into oscillations at the resonant frequency. the dc
energy of the electron beam is converted into rf energy at resonant frequency. thus the
amplification takes place. The output is collected from the cavity with a loop.