Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé CHUONG 2: CAC MACH TAO XUNG CO BAN 2.1. Mach dao déng da hai mét trang thai bén (Monostable) 2.1.1. Dai cuong Dao dng da hai mét trang thai bén 18 mach cé hai trang thai trong 46 c6 mét trang thai bén va mét trang thai khéng bén. Thumg mach luéng luén tdn tai & trang thdi bén. Sau khi kich khéi thi mach chuyén sang trang thai khéng bén sau dé chuyén vé trang thai bén. Thdi gian tén tai trang thai khong ben 1a lac mach tao d6 dai xung ra. 2.1.2. Mach monostable ding BJT 1. So dé mach va dang sng owe vo @ vi 2 = Vo 0 C ‘ Ve! Vo2 0 “(Veo — ius *Res) ~ GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 12Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé 2. Neuyén ly 1am. % Khi0< t < t;: trang thai bén ban dau. Qi tat, Qo din bdo hoa: Veesiq2 = 0.2 V Viesi02 = 0.8 V Veiga = Wee deo * Ret Nap dign cho ty C2 dén Vez = Veo — icot * Rei~ Voevier & Khits ts +Ty t=: mach duge kich khéi véi cue tinh duong cé bién do dit In vio cue nén ctia Q; => vi >V, > — Jvei phan cyc thuan nén dan dén Q, din. => iting > ig tingtheo > Vgc cing ting lén —> Vag: gidm xéng => ban cue bén trai clia tu C2 bot duong din dén ban cue bén phai cia tu bét Am > Vyeuge giam xuéng —> lim cho i, giém —> ie cing gam > Varo gidm + Veo ting lén > Vor ting theo > din dén Q, nhanh chéng chuyén sang dan bao hoa va Q, tat. Khi Q, tt thi tn tai dong ig , tu C; bit dau xa va nap (xa hét dign tich va d3i cue tinh nap tré Iai), Iie ny 1am cho vise ting dén khi — V, (ign 4p nguéng) thi Q, din tré lai... Khit >t +7) t=t, + To: giai doan phuc hai. Lite nay Q, tit, Q: din bao hoa => tu Cp xa dign tich tir nguén V.. qua Ra, xuéng mass Ta cé: D6 dai xung ra: To = 0.7Rs2C2 2.1.3. Mach Monostable ding Op Amp 1, So dé mach va dang song GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 13Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé To Tn 2. Neuyén ly lam vige Khi 0< t < ty: trang thai bén ban dau. Mach 6 trang thai bén: Ma U yy, yp RU) ReR, diode D din => ghim dign p trén tu C 1 V, (C//D), (0.7% nén xem nhu = 0Y = tu C khéng duge nap dign), nhung v van duong hon v' (do v’ <0 vi va=- Upy) nén mach duy tri trang thai bén. GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 14Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé “ Khi t)< t < t+ To: trang thai khong bén t=) : mach duge kich khéi bai v; véi bién d6 di lén tai ngo vao khong dao dan dén dign thé tai ng6 vao khong dio dong hon ngé vao dao nén lic nay vo= +Upn -_Un th vy tn TR ° RR, => diode D phan cyc nguge nén ty C nap dign tirngé ra cua Op-Amp qua R => dién thé ngé vao dio v tang => ve-v 2 v' > mach déi trang thai sang mach trang thai bén vo = -Uyn Khi t) + Ty $ t: giai doan phuc hdi tot +T) > vo=-Us Uy *R, Ite na v Rt => ty C xa dign tich tir mach qua R (do anh huéng cia D nén ghim dign ap cia tua V)). 2.2. Mach dao dong da hai khong trang thai bén (Astable) 2.2.1, Mach khong trang thai ben ding BJT 1. So dé mach va dang sing GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 15Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé 2 Nguyén ly hoat ding Khi0 Vy thi lic nay Qy bit > sut dp trén R,, ting nén veg) giém dan dén tiép gidp Jzgo phén cue yéu hon => BJT Q, chuyén sang ché d6 din khuéch d: tu C; sé lam cho BJT Qi nhanh chéng di vao dan bao hoa va Qs nhanh chéng tit. ju dan lim cho Veg ting va thong qua Mach chuyén sang trang thai khéng bén thir hai img véi Q, dan bao hoa va Q tat. Khit; tu C sé xa va nap theo chigu tir ng6 ra vp qua dign tré R. Ty cang nap thi ign 4p trén tu cang ting, cho dén khi dign ap trén tu ve = V > v thi lic dé vp sé ddi trang théi sang mite bao hoa 4m vo Lac nay, mach cham dift thai gian t6n tai trang thai khong bén ban dau va bat dau chuyén sang trang thai khong bén thit hai, “ Khit; v= Ing RR => tu sé xa va nap theo chiéu nguge lai tir diém dat qua R dén ngé ra vo. Tu cang nap thi dign 4p trén ty cang ting (cing 4m hon), cho dén khi dig R R+R, 4p trén ty veov< vs Uy, (dign thé ngd vao khéng dao durong hon ngd vao dao) thi ngé ra cia mach sé déi trang thai sang trang thai bao hoa duong vo = Un. Luc nay, mach chim ditt théi gian tn tai trang thai khéng bén thir hai va chuyén vé trang thai khéng bén ban dau. Qua trinh trong mach cit tiép dign nhu vay va mach ludn luén tgo d@ dai xung ra. Chu ky cia diy xung: T= Ty + T; = 2RC.In( Mach kich khéi Schmitt (Schmitt trigger) Khai niém vy déi nhing dang song khong that sv wuéng 6 du vio thanh dang séng vuéng 6 diu ra. GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 18Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé 2.3.2. Mach kich khéi Schmitt ding BJT 1, So dé mach va dang song GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 19Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé Nguyén ly hoat dong % Khi vi = 0 thi Q; tit, Q dan bao hoa => Vem Veasig2 + Vie = You Ting v; dén khi vj > Vyoi + Vpe thi Q; bat dau dan lim cho dign 4p Vogt giam dan dén dién thé tai cye nén ctfa Q, giam => dong ixg: giém = ing gidm theo nén vg. ciing gidm theo va lie ndy lam cho Q: nhanh chéng chuyén sang dan bao hoa va Q, nhanh chong tit. Ta c6: Vo= vor = Vee. ‘Ngusi ta goi dign thé cia tin higu vao v; ma tai dé ngé ra ca mach di trang thai tir mite vo; dén mite vo 1d mite Vi (mite diéu khién cao). Tiép tuc ting v; sao cho v; > Vj: thi Q, vin dan bao hoa va Q, tit; lac dé, vo = ‘Vor va ngé ra cla mach van khéng thay déi trang thai, “ — Giam tin higu vao v; xuéng sao cho y; < Vu thi Q, van tat va ngd ra cua mach van khong thay déi trang thai. Tiép tue gidm y; sao cho v; < Vyr + Vae thi Itic nay Q; bat dau chuyén sang dn khuéch dai nén ixq: giém 1am cho y_.q1 tang théng qua dién tré R; sé 1am cho dign thé tai ce nén cia Q) ting. Khi Vaigo > Vyig2 + Ve thi Q, bit diu din lam cho dign thé vg. ting Jén nén Iie nay Q; nhanh chéng tit va Q, nhanh chéng di vao din bao hoa. Dign thé ngé ra déi trang thai tir vo) vé Vor. Mic dign thé cua tin higu vao v; ma tai dé ngé ra déi trang thai tir voz vé Vor duge goi 1a mite V;, (mire diéu khién thip). Giam y; sao cho vy; < V, thi Q, van tat va Q) van dan bao hoa, luc nay ngé ra cia mach van khng thay déi trang thai, .3. Mach kich khéi Schmitt ding Op Amp 1. So dé mach va dang sing vo vi ® +Vec vo . > Us © Veo $ Ro vi vil 0 Vis R1 GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 20Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé % Bandauy,<0 > v= Uy, >V=yy R+R, => ng ra cla mach ton tai & mie bao hoa duong vo = + Usn. “Ting v; sao cho v;2 v= Vy => Vv > Vv’ nén ng@ ra cla mach sé déi trang thai sang mite bao hoa 4m vp = -Ury, => v= R,+ Nhu vay, mic dign thé cia tin higu vao v; ma tai dé ngd ra cia mach doi trang thai tir mite bao hod dong +Us, sang mite bdo hod 4m —Ujy, goi 1a mac Vu. Tang v; sao cho v; > Vy thi v > v" nén ngé ra cla mach vin khéng thay déi trang thdi, nghfa ld vo ~ -Ut. & Gidm dign &p tin higu vio v; sao cho yi= vs v =-—2_U,, =F, (= * ‘ R+R, v 4m hon so véi v'). GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 21Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé => ng@ ra ciia mach déi trang thai sang mre bao hoa duong vp = +Uin > Mite dign thé cua tin higu vao v; ma tai dé ng ra cia mach déi trang thai tir mite bao hoa 4m sang mite bio hod duong, goi 1a mite Vi. Giam y; hon nita sao cho v; < V, thi v < v' nén ngé ra vin khong thay déi trang thai vo ~ +Usp, 2.4. Vimach dinh thoi IC 555 2.4.1 Khai niém chung vé IC 555 Reset Y — Chan (1): néi mass. Y — Chan (2): 14 chan kich khdi (trigger), ding dé dat xung kich thich bén ngoai khi mach lam viée & ché 46 mét trang thai bén. Y — Chan (3): 1a chan ngé ra cia IC. ¥ Chan (4): 1a chan cho hoe khéng cho mach lam vige (reset). Muén mach lam vige duge thi chan (4) phai 6 mite logic 1 (ndi lén nguén Vee). GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 22Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé Y — Chan (5): 1a chan diéu khién bang dié vao chan nay dé lam thay d4i tan s6 day xung phat ra. Khi khong duge sit thé. Ta c6 thé dua mét dién dp ngoai dung thi chan nay néi xuéng mass théng qua ty khoang 0.01F. ¥ — Chan (6): 1a chan dign ap nguéng. Y — Chan (7): 1a chan phéng dign (chan xa) Y — Chan (8): dé dat nguén cung cp Vee = 5=15V. Thong thudng 3 dign tro R = 5kQ. © OpAmp SS2 co mite dign thé ngudng 2/3Vce con dign thé nguéng dua vao ngd vao dao ciia $$1 1a 1/3Vec. © Bang trang théi cia RSFF: S|TR]Q 0} 0 | Q Qo: trang thai oii truée 6. o}1|o x: trang thai cdm. 1{o}4 Bao hoa am & day = 0 1 1 x 2.4.2. Mach Monostable ding IC 555 1, So dé mach va dang song Vee Ho. vi ° Jt GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 23Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé 2 Vo Nguyén ly hoat dén; Khi0< t BJT Q dn bao hod = ve = Veesigr = 0.2 V=0V > tuC khong duge nap. Lie nay v; > 1/3.Vee va (S=1 & R=0) > Q=1 % Khit; < t Ve=Va) 2 Vis) = 2/3.Veo [SS1:R=0 — (ngé ra bao hoa am) §2:5=1 (gd ra bao hoa dong) > Q=1 => w=0 => cham ditt trang thai khéng bén va chuyén sang giai doan phuc hdi ‘© Khit> t+ To: giai doan phuc héi GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 24Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé Lic nay Q = 1 va vo = 0, tu C xd dign tich > v, = vs) gidm. [SS1:R=0 \ss2 => Q=1 (gitt nguyén trang thai eit) => tu C van tiép tuc xa va Ty = t In3 = 1,1*RC . Mach khéng trang thai bén ding IC 555 1. So dé mach va dang sing mL, 0 i 2. Nguyén ly hoat dong ¢ Khi 0 Q/FF =0 = BIT tat (khong cé dong qua BJT) => ty C duge nap dign tir nguén Vee qua dign tré R, va Ry. Ty cing nap thi ign ap trén tu cang ting, cho dén khi dign dp trén tu Ve = Vio) = Viz) 2 2/3Vee. GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 25Chuong 2: Cade mach tao xung co ban K5 thudt xung sé Lie dé: S81: v>v' > R=0 S82: v'>v = S=1 => Q=1 =v =0nén mach cham dit théi gian tén tai trang thai khong bén ban dau va bat diu chuyén sang trang thai khong bén thit hai, & Khitstv' => R=0 $82: v>v' > S-0 => Q van gitt nguyén trang thai cii truée dé (Q=1). Do dé, tu C van tiép tuc xa cho dén khi v, $ 1/3Vce, ma Ve = Via) = Yio) NEN: SSI: v R=1 $82: v>v' > S=0 => Q=0 = vo=1. Mach chim ditt thai gian t hai va bit diu chuyén vé trang thai khong bén ban dau. tai trang thai khng bén thir Vi Q= 0 => BJT tit nén khong cé dong dé qua BIT => ty C duge nap dién bd sung (viné van con gitt 1/3Vce) va qua trinh cir tiép dién. Ta c6, chu ky dao dng cia mach: T=T) + Tp =0.7C(Ry+R,) + 0.7CRy = 0.7C(R,+2R,). GV the hign: Pham Thanh Linh Trang 26