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    Osprey Warrior 41 Knight Hospitaller 1306 1565 Vol 2 Osprey PDF

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    Osprey Warrior 41 Knight Hospitaller 1306 1565 Vol 2 Osprey PDF

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    293 views63 pages

    Osprey Warrior 41 Knight Hospitaller 1306 1565 Vol 2 Osprey PDF

    Uploaded by

    Justin Knopsnyder

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    OSPREY Warrior Knight Hospitaller (2) 1306-1565 David Nicolle - Illustrated by Christa Hook CONTENTS | THE KNIGHTS GET A NEW HOME 4 CHRONOLOGY a RECRUITMENT 9 ORGANISATION, STRUCTURE AND FINANCE 13 MOTIVATION AND MORALE 19 COSTUME, ARMS AND ARMOUR 22 STRATEGY, TACTICS, TRAINING AND NAVAL WARFARE 26 SUPPORT SERVICES 441 EVERYDAY LIFE AND CULTURE 43 FORTIFICATION AND SIEGES 49 THE MOVE TO MALTA 50 COLLECTIONS AND MAJOR RELATED SITES 54 FURTHER READING 56 GLOSSARY 58 COLOUR PLATE COMMENTARY 60) INDEX 64 4 KNIGHT HOSPITALLER (2) 1306-1565 THE KNIGHTS GET A NEW HOME Iques de Villaret was elected master of the Hospitallers hen F in 130 re active phase. Both Foulques and the master of the Templars favoured an attack on Egypt he Order entered am using Cyp 1s, the Hospi llers’ new headquarters, as a base Clement V had a high opi ion of both masters’ crusading expertise but their opinions differed. Both wrote reports outlining wh ning the Holy Lane. hey rega as the best way of Whereas the Templ: Foulques de Villa \duum was brief and confident, that by 1 was longer, more carefully argued and subtle. It phasised prudence and careful pre on, suggesting that a series of small-scale operations xd would be inged per cflective in wearing down Mamluk power than the sort of alkout crusading invasion that had so often to grief. The widest possible support should be sought, including alliances with the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia and the Mongols, though this vision was out of d Abow #f converting to Ish ¢ the Mongols were in the pr Foulques emphasised the need for ac | Templars got the of bei ig the historical reputa the ‘bankers military orders. Realism probably prompted the Hospitallers to cc Byz: quer the island of Rhodes, the secure and independent base - thing that the Teuw Kn) ready doing in the Baltic and whieh the doomed ‘Te achieved. While the Te faced increasing hostility from the King of France, there was tension between the Hospitallers and the King of Cyprus, so it is not surprisi that the Order looked for an alternative home. Arn Cilicia had few harbours, an unhealthy coast, was vuln to Turkish raids and wa uncomfortably close to the Renart the Fox during 2 dispute between # Hospitalier (left) and ‘2 Templar (right). This early 14th-century tlustration 4 trom ‘8 copy of a satirical tate that criticises both Orders. (Renart de Nouvel, Bibtiotheque Nationale, Ms. Fe. 372, 1. 89, Paris, France) ‘The walls of Silifke castle on the southern coast of Turkey. This reat fortress was built by the Hospitals. (Turkish Tourist Information Department) egional superpowers of Mamluk Syria-Egypt and. Mongol Iraq-lran. Rhodes, howeve island and the seas were still controlled. by Christians. It also ove from the Black Sea, which not only supplied Egypt with wood and iron but Turkish slaves who formed the Mamluk army and state. The Hospitaller leaders had argued for blockade of Egypt. Now their possessi Rhodes might enable then allies to impose it. Piracy was endemic throughout the Aegean. Meanwhile Western merchants and pirates were already active arou Venice also coveted. More recently had seized part of the island. So the Hospitallers were entering a chaotic region and found themselves facing two main enemies: Muslim Turks and Orthodox Christian Greeks, whom the Hoypitallers, as Latin or Catholic Christians, regarded as schismatics. ablished, however, the Hospitallers not only acquired a new convent or headquarters but also a new role. As a slightly later account of the conquest of Rhodes looked the trade route o with those ackbone of the trade of and their crusading, ‘Once es The Grand Master Foulques de Villaret and the valiant Brothers of the Hospital gave thanks to God and to the Virgin Mary for the wealth and abundance which had come to them. They built a great castle and conquered all around, collecting many fine men who wished to come to Rhodes to reconnoitre and to colonize the island. Then they had many places in Anatolia submit to their authority which gave them tribute Unfortunately de Villaret behaved like a despotic sovereign rather than an elected leader, provoking a rebellion in 1317, and the crisis was only resolved after the Pope intervened. De Villaret resigned, a master, Helion de Villeneuve, took over and the Order was able to focus on its new role. The Order offered land to would-be colonisers in return for military service, and although efforts to carve out a presence on the atolian mainland failed, other islands were seized from Lerro (now called Léros) in the north to Castelrosso (now called Kastell6rizon) in the south, while Searpanto (now called Karpathos) in the west was handed over to Venice. Meanwhile the Hospitallers’ great rivals, the Templars, had been disbanded and most of their assets transferred to the Hospitalle: The conquest of Rhodes had been an impressive combined se m, but it took the Order a long time to become truly many decades. metres of the arby Turkish beylik (small, independent Islamic state) of Met ually denied access to the sea and so the main centre of Turkish naval operations shifted northwards to the beylik of in 1344 the Hospitallers joined other crusaders in seizing Aydin’s ‘One of the most unusual effigies In England portrays an unknown knight in a monk's habit worn ‘over mail armour. Was he a ‘member of one of the military orders oF did his take monastic vows towards the ond of his life? in situ, church, Conington, main port of Smyrna (now Izmir), so the focus of Turkish naval operations ag: Ottoman in shifted northwards to the rapidly expandin emirate, or sultanate as it became, which crossed the Dardanelles and started expanding into Europe Meanwhile nluk ly pointless attack Hospitallers still focused on the powerful Ma astating but larg on the great Egyptian port of Alexandria. As crusader territory shrank sultanate and in 1365 took part in a de elsewhere in Greece and the Aegean, so the importance of Rhodes rose Hogpitaller relations with the Mi something approaching an all Relations between the Hospitallers and the people of Rhodes were mnluks also improved and developed into -e during the 15th century. dominated by two factors: the religious gulf separating the dominant Catholic Hospitallers and the subordinate Orthodox Greeks, and their 1 for defence. In the city of Rhodes, for example, the local population was expelled to a neighbouring suburb which was. mutual co however, given a strong defensive wall. The Hospitallers also insisted that the local ¢ Eventually the urban Greeks did so, though the rural Greek villagers apparently did not. All were integrated into a feudal and defence structure that the Hospitallers imposed upon their islands, yet the different status of Greeks and Latins was clearly shown estates they were granted. thodox Ch h recognise the supremacy of the Pope. n the size of the | by a hereditary servitudo marina that leys, and this was only abolished in Many Greek families were be obliged them ton an the Order's g: 1462 when so many men fled the island that women could not find husbands to marry. In fact Greek hostility to Latins, including the Hospitallers, ran very deep throughout the Acg Rhodes prospered under Hospitaller rule and bee the Black Sea. Many European families settled on Rhodes and the other Hospitaller-held islands, including “an region. Nevertheless point in the slave trade fre mercenary soldiers, privateers with their ships and crews, lawyers, bankers, gunners, swordsmiths, armourers, all sorts of other crafismen and medical staff for the famous Jews were listed among the physician n while there were also Armen surgeons, apothecaries ans, Cypriots and Maronite Christian Syrians, (ce ro ms 3 Approximate frontiers of Latin Christendom —~ Approximate frontiers of | Hospitalier prories Prony OF; . pmionyor POLAND PRIORY OF "| PRIORY OF BOHEMIA = HUNGARY Hospitalier priories €.1300. The CHRONOLOGY territory of the Teutonic Order in — the Baltic was not included 1906 _Hospitallers begin invasion of Byzantine island of Rhodes, an ee eee 1909 Hospitalier headquarters moved to Rhodes. 1312 Suppression of the Templars; most of their estates transferred to the Hospitallers; Hospitalier naval victory over the Turks. 1817 Foulques de Villaret deposed 1317 as master (formally abdicated 1319); (Order under a temporary lieutenant, Gerard de Pins. 1319 Hospitalier and Genoese fleet destroys Turkish flotilla off Ephesus; island Cf Lango lost to the Turks, but Lerro gained from Byzantines; Hélion de Villeneuve becomes master. 6.1337 Hospitallers regain Lango. 1944 Hospitallers join Papal League in the capture of Izmir 1946 —_Dieudonné de Gozon becomes master. 1948 Plague hits Rhodes. 1953 Pierre de Comneillan becomes master. 1955 Roger de Pins becomes master. 1359 Hospitaller ships join others in defeating Turkish flotilla off the Dardanelles. 1361 Hospitallers join Cypriots attacking Antalya. 1965. Hospitalles join crusade in devastating Alexandria, 1965 Raimond Bérenger becomes master. 1374 Hospitallers accept responsibilty for defence of crusader-held lzmir. 1374 Robert de Juilly becomes master. 1376-81 Disastrous Hospitaller invasion of Despotate of Epiros. 1377 Juan Fernandez de Heredia becomes master. Mertola castie in ‘southern Portugal was held by the Hospitallers for many years tollowing the conauest of this ‘region trom the Moors (autnor's photograph) e Erngy of Ugo de Corvetion, who died in 1334. He wears an old-fashioned form of armour apparently consisting entirely of mail t would also have been used by many Hospitalier brethren-in-arms in this part of Europe. Un situ Hospitalier Church, Villatrance

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