CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.0.1 INTRODUCTION
This is the process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making
decisions and developing the project. The research design has been adopted in
this research because it involves studying and analyzing the existing systems to
identify some of the problems and limitations it has and to improve them by
developing more efficient and improved systems of managing student’s staff and
associates` data. The methodology may include publications research, interviews,
surveys and other research techniques and may include both present and
historical information

3.1 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLODY

Basing on the E-card framework, where it will be developed and validated in
phases I have decided to use spiral model in this development of the system I
have chosen spiral model due to main two reasons.-

1. Development of prototype system

As the main objective of this research is to develop a prototype system for an

education institution, the spiral model will be ideal as it will allow the developer
to develop the prototype by phases and it will allow testing and approval by
user`s prior. This will allow proceeding in developing a different module.

2. Conduct Risk Analysis to ensure that prototype system will be accepted

by the institution management.
Spiral model contain a risk analysis activity which is an important activity that
need to be conducted prior the development of the electronic identification card
system. It is imperative that the stakeholder understand the electronic card
technology and how it can resolve their current problems upon deciding to
implement or use the E-card system in their institutions. By adopting the spiral
model, it will lower the developer to conduct the risk analysis to identify the
stakeholder knowledge on the E-card and educate them on the benefits of the
card so as to avoid the potential problem of the card being rejected once it has
been developed.

THE SPIRAL MODEL

This model is an evolution software process model that couples the iterative
nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the linear
sequential model. It is divided into a number of framework activities. The above
figure depicts a spiral model has six activities:-

1. Customer communication – This will be the tasks and activities that will be
established between the developer and the stakeholder.

2. Planning - These will be the definitions of resources, timelines and other

project related information.

3. Risk analysis – These will be the assessments done required for both technical
and management risks.

4. Engineering – These are the tasks required to build one or more representation
of the application.

5. Construction, development and implementation – These are the tasks and

activities required to construct, test, install and provide user support.