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discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11833342

Intracranial hemorrhage: Principles of CT and


MRI interpretation

Article in European Radiology · February 2001


DOI: 10.1007/s003300000800 · Source: PubMed

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121 11,873

6 authors, including:

Paul M Parizel Johan Van Goethem


University of Antwerp University of Antwerp
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Luc van den Hauwe


University of Antwerp
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