Cluster: hisas15.ppi-hokkaido.

org/
APPENDIX

THE ANALYSIS YIELD PERCENT BIODIESEL FROM

WASTE COOKING OIL IS VIEWED FROM OF TIME
REACTION EFFECTAND THE EFFECT OF NaOH
CATALYSTUSING MICROWAVES AND HIGH
VOLTAGE
Fathia Eka Pratiwia, Ridual Hijriah Gandha b, Sandy Aditya Putraa,b, Muhammad Iskandar
AlHakimc, Fithra Malvarindad
a
Azharuddin, Indonesia
Email :Fathiaekapratiwi1@gmail.com1, Ridualhg@gmail.com, sandyaditya052@gmail.com,
muhammad_iskandaralhakim@yahoo.co.id, fithra.malvarinda@yahoo.co.id,

Abstract
The use of energy increases related with the increasing of human population on earth, it is
increases because human needs energy to move. Fossil energy is the energy that still become a
primmadonna. The limited of energy resources in the middle of the increasing human energy
needs from year to years (growth of energy consumption in 2004 amount 4.3%) Biodiesel is one
of the biomassafuel that can replacing fuel oil. Biodiesel can be produces from Jelantah oil that
has a same type of biomassa. Jelantah oil can be con verted into biodiesel by using the
transesterification that reacts the reacts the oil molecules with the alcohol and the catalyst to
obtain methyl esters. One of the heating methods that can be used to convert oil into biodiesel is
the microwave method. This microwave heating method utilizes the wave emission absorbed by
the sample temperatures, so the teperatus can be higher than the surface temperature of the
partition wall. There are several factors of making biodieses that can affect the heating process.
The effect of the reaction time can be seen from the percent yield of biodiesel obtained. From
the result of the research, the reaction time used 5, 10, 15 with the fixed temperature 55◦c, the
optimum results are obtained at 15 minutes because the contact between subtances will be more
higher so can reach the higher conversion. the process variable is the amount of NaOH catalyst
observed in this experiment., the best conditions, the maximum yield of used wastewater
biodiesel is 74.45% obtained using a mole ratio of 1: 6 wet / methanol oil at 60 ° C with a
reaction time of 10 minutes and a 1.5% NaOH catalyst.

Keywords: Biodiesel, microwaves, reaction times, percent yield, Natrium Oxide,

Transesterification.

INTRODUCTION from reserve , resource back up energy

The use of be go up energy linked to
an increased risk of human populations in
the earth the deserted condition was
because manusia membutuhkan energy to
perform aktifitas.energi what always has
been a namely energi fossil prima donna
first rate service .A source of energy that
derived from fossil , who currently
contributes 87,7 % from total needs energy
supply for the world expected to fall due to
the uneven or no longer following the
finding of a source of new a fingertip save
derived from fossil all over the globe
diperkiraan which reached its peak 40 years
for burning fossil fuels , 60 years to natural
gas , 200 years to pt bukit pembangkit
innovative stakes .Limitations both in the a
source of energy in the middle of homes
exacerbating an already dire the increasing
demand of energy supply for the world than
years ketahun ( consumption was projected
to expand energy years 2004 course as
much as 4,3 % ) , as well as the demands of
the position to protect earth from the global
warming and pollution of the environment
making demands for immediate manifesting
a source of energy that renewable
(elmegard , 2006 ) .
Seeing this condition , so did a
research and development resources to use
biomass into fuels with biodiesel process
biomass become .One source of raw
materials biodiesel jelantah frequently used
is the oil .Oil can be converted into
biodiesel jelantah through the
transesterifikasi who mereaksikan
molecules of petroleum with alcohol and
catalyst until they reached the methyl ester
.To convert molecules of petroleum are
biodiesel required methods that can convert
high amounts of oil .The method often used
for converting oils into biodiesel that
conventional methods .But unfortunately ,
the use of this method is inefficient because
pemanasannya very slow as a result of the
transfer of energy into materials that relies
on convection currents and thermal
conductivity ( refaatsheltawy and mixed
reactions , 2008 ) .
Than the weakness of built with the
sweat of , a writer of carrying out a study
because weve right to manage wake up an
instrument the manufacture of biodiesel
from the utilization of microwaves and then
use it along high voltage to the process of
separating a biodiesel and glycerol .In
research is used then made into raw
materials in the form of oil jelantah which
already reviewed such as from wide range
of temperatures a reaction that used of the
results of the biodiesel glory if it is found
that there is very little obtained the
condition of process of bni divestment
process of coals and who produces
biodiesel and its quality is the up to the
standards permits is effective as of.
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
Used in the form of a microwave equipped
with two tank bait, one piece tank
emulsifiers complete with propeller , one
piece pump portable , and one piece tank
the separation with 3 pairs of electrodes .
1.1 The Preparatory stage
Oil jelantah obtained from a plant
kemplang and crackers in the regions where
they soak kenten .Oil jelantah glory if it is
found in the long term the undergone a the
nature of all that free fatty acids ( creation
of the heavens and ) by means of take as
many as 5 gr oil sample and is added 50 ml
methanol .In the long term the , is added
indicators of the quality of pp and was
conducted titration to be sampled taking a
solution of naoh 0,1 n .The volume of naoh
that is used after a sample of changed the
color of a pink recorded and calculated the
value of the creation of the heavens and by
the use of what is the formula:
V NaOH x N NaOH x BE Asam Lemak
% ALB = x100
m sampel
(Sumber: Suroso, 2013)
With,
V = the volume of NAOH( ml )
n = normality a solution of naoh ( n )
m = a mass in the entire household sample
(gr)
if the creation of the heavens and from oil
of jelantah> 5 % then done the process
of adsorbsi by the use of an adsorbent in the
form of of the zeolite
1.2 The stage of the Manufacture of a
Catalyst sodium Metoksida
A catalyst sodium metoksida made with
weighed out for him the sodium hydroxide
and methanol a mount of money needed
and then dissolving sodium hydroxide into
methanol that weight of .In the long term
the done stirring to the solution of so all the
sodium hydroxide dissolved into methanol
2.2 the stage of the manufacture of a
catalyst sodium metoksida a catalyst
sodium metoksida made with weighed out
for him the sodium hydroxide and methanol
a mount of money needed and then
dissolving sodium hydroxide into methanol
that weight of .In the long term the done
stirring to the solution of so all the sodium
hydroxide dissolved into methanol .

Picture 1. The means of producing
biodiesel in terms of microwaves and
high voltage
1.3 Stage Making Biodiesel
These were done in stage between
weighing oil jelantah as many as 2000 gr
and doing the calculations for determining
the amount of methanol a mount of money
needed for comparison methanol and the oil
which beseech 1: 6 .In the long term the ,
determining the amount of sodium
hidriksidaa mount of money needed for the
number of a catalyst 1 % wt oil jelantah
.After all of their fish supplies having been
made ready, so then made into raw
materials here on wednesday and thursday
put into masing-masing latched on to a
curling tank in equipment biodiesel that is
used .Oil jelantah who are in the tank bait
then distributed to to the tank emulsifiers to
do warming use microwave.Instrument
making biodiesel also brought and do the
regulation on resources and time used in
microwave.Pump then brought to help flow
oil to the microwave and wait until the
reading on mixing temperature of
35oc.After that, valves tank bait that
contains a catalyst sodium metoksida and
methanol will be opened and life motor
stirrer to be more maximize the process of
mixing.The process be left running for 10
minutes.Then, valves on the flow of
heading to separator opened and deadly
microwave.A high voltage also brought to
perform the process of separation glycerol
and biodiesel.The process of separation last
for 10 minutes.A valve that are at the
bottom of separator will next opened and
was conducted shelter the results of
glycerol and biodiesel obtained.The results
of biodiesel and glycerol that have been
acquired finally are weighed to know
weighs each.
1.4 Stage Purification Biodiesel
At this stage at first water heated to
temperaturnya 60oc reached. Next,
biodiesel obtained get mixed with air that
has been heated into a separating funnel:
volume by comparison 1 1 .Water and
separated from biodiesel and followed with
a warming 55oc biodiesel at a temperature
of .Biodiesel that has been heated and
cooled until temperaturnya equal to ambient
temperature. The process of purifying
carried out repeated until the water
purification is clear.
1.5 Stage Analysis
Which is done based on the
characteristics of biodiesel can be done is
kadasrwater, its density, of viscosity, the
number of the acid, degrees the acidity of
the (ph), as well as the point of a flame
from masing-masing biodiesel product gdp
figures last week are generated and by
comparison with a standard which is valid
for five new regulation of SNI .
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 Influence time reaction to yield
biodiesel percent
Which is done based on % the yield
applied be held to find out % the yield
applied biodiesel product gdp figures last
week that is produced with the influence of
time the reaction of 5 minutes, 10 minutes
and 15 minutes .Which is done based on %
the yield applied is presented in figure 2.
86
85.5
% yield
85 %yield
84.5
84
0 10 20
Recidence Time (menit)
Picture 2. The relationship between the
time of a reaction to the yield applied %
product gdp figures last week
Of a picture above can be seen that %
the highest yield produced is in the reaction
minutes to 15 is as much as 85,737 % and
most little is the time of reaction 5 minutes
that is 84,441 %. It was because time
reaction is the time it takes a reactant to
reacted to form a product. Time reaction is
directly proportional with the conversion
namely the longer the reaction takes place
would likely contact between substance will
be more much so conversion the higher
[helwani dkk., 2009].
 The influence of time a reaction to
the moisture content of biodiesel
Analysis the water level be held to find
out the water level contained in products
biodiesel produced based on variations in
time reaction. Analysis the water level
products is presented in figure 3 .
0.7
Kadar…
Water Content (%)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 10
Time (menit)
Figure 3 .The time relations reaction
to the water level biodiesel
Based on figure 2 above can analysis
that biodiesel produced by variation time on
this research is not adequate namely <
0.05 %.Sample highest produced is the time
to the process separation in the reaction 5
minutes is as much as 0.62 % and most
little is the time of reaction 15 minutes that
is 0,265 %.It resulting in a chart the decline
in the water level biodiesel caused by the
accumulation of water on oil before a
process transesterifikasi and when
laundering biodiesel produced. A number of
water contained in biodiesel can result in
oxidation at the fuel tank and machine so
dangerous if they pass standard.Also
reflected by the high the moisture content
of product gdp figures last week stood up in
the paper request because the water a larger
resident accumulation of stood up in the
paper oil before a process transesterifikasi.
Elevated levels of this water his her
presence could encourage the occurrence of
the process of the hydrolysis of and a
triglyceride and molecule of water which
can form glycerol and free fatty acids where
is the nature of all that built with the sweat
of the water of the garden the criteria were
causes a reaction to occur on the conversion
of vegetable oils was not without flaws (
reaction occurs lathering ) soap will react
with a catalyst bnasa and reduce the cost of
the efficiency of a catalyst ( prihandana ,
2006 ) .
The quality of biodiesel depends on
reduced the real value the water level
because if value the higher it cannot be are
operating efficiently on a .The less low the
water level biodiesel the higher the quality
of biodiesel.
 Influence the reaction to the density
of biodiesel
Which is done based on its density be
held to find out the density of biodiesel that
is produced based on variations reaction
time .Which is done based on the density of
the product is presented in figure 4.
0.888
Density (gr/ml)
20
0.886 Densitas
0.884
0.882
0.88
0 10 20
Time (menit)
Picture 4. The time relations a reaction to
the density of biodiesel
Can be seen from the above that the
produced by time on this study has been
standard in range 0,86 until 0,90 kg/ m3 .
According to peterson (2001 ), the more the
catalyst used the setana rate has declined
because a catalyst bases quickly break
chains of fats into biodiesel having the
digits setana higher of fatty acids .The
longer the reaction , then the setana the
higher until the optimum , this is because
transesterifikasi reaction is to back .The use
of a catalyst a base who waste by will also
causes a reaction lathering defilers result
that it was possible under the influence of
such as soap potassium and glycerol the
results of lathering who do not convertible
into methyl esters that is cause to its density
0.8
had remained largely peaceful .According

Angka Asam (mg

KOH/gr sampel)
to budiawandkk 2013, the value of its 0.6
density within the limits of new regulation
of sni to be able to produce of combustion 0.4
which perfect .Biodiesel of higher than the 0.2
standardization would cause the animal to
the reaction of incomplete combustion of so 0
that they would stimulate the emission of of 0 10 20
wear and tear machine . Waktu (menit)
Figure 6 .The time relations a
 Influence time reaction to viscosity reaction to the number of biodiesel acid
biodiesel Can be seen in an image that is
Analysis viscosity be held to find out generated that before and after filtering has
viscosity biodiesel produced based on seen a decrease in free fatty acids creation
variations in time reaction.Analysis of the heavens and, filtering committed
viscosity products can seen in figure 5. with the assistance of of the zeolite that
8 serves absorbed free fatty acids on oil
Viskositas (cSt)

jelantah , a decrease in the nature of all that

6 free fatty acids around 5 % before being
4 used as raw materials for the manufacture
2
of biodiesel .Just gets bigger and bigger
angkan free fatty acids it means the
0 situation is diartika deposits of the acid free
0 10 20 fatty go free in the of raw materials she said
Time (menit) the higher that is going to would hold up
Figure 5. The time relations reaction progress on the next process in the
to viscosity biodiesel manufacture of biodiesel .From table who
Based on observation and analysis of fulfill characteristic biodiesel in accordance
biodiesel product characteristics , with national standard indonesia (SNI) only
temperature reaction influences viscosity bilngan acid , this is caused by a less than
biodiesel. Viscosity low will result in sags optimal instrument during operation and
prisoners fuel that flows .Viscosity high can praktikan who are not thorough when
affect atomization burning when injection collecting data . Value the density of within
and reward another stream of the burning the limits of sni can produce burning
.So as to affect the quality of biodiesel . perfect .Biodiesel to the density that
Low viscosity obtained because increase in exceeds standard will causes a reaction
the number of a catalyst which tends to incomplete combustion so can increase
produce biodiesel with viscosity lower emission of wear and tear machine.
because a catalyst fast react break ties Including with characteristics that other.
carbon fatty acids who later became a bond
carbon methyl ester the chain shorter . CONCLUSION
Of the results of research conducted about
 The influence of the time a reaction creation biodiesel from oil jelantah use
to the number of the biodiesel acid gelombak micro and the separation a high
The number of analysis conducted to voltage can be concluded that:
determine the number of biodiesel
1. By function and design a means of
contained in products .The analysis is
production biodiesel with microwave as
presented in figure of 6.
a medium heating has been designed ,
made , and run as well as the results /
 their products have analysis in physics On Green Catalytic Techniques
and chemistry . Auniversitas Riau.
Lertsathapornsuk V., R.Pairintradan K.
2. % yield biodiesel highest obtained as
Krisnangkura. 2004. Direct
many as 85,737 % on the number of a Conversion of Used Vegetable Oil
catalyst naoh as many as 1 percent b / b to Biodiesel and Its Use As An
oil jelantah to the time reaction for 15 Alternative Fuel For Compression
minutes and % yield biodiesel lowest Ignition Engine. King Mongkut's
obtained as many as 84,441 % with University of Technology
Thonburi. Bangkok. Thailand.
time reaction for 5 minutes. 1. The Refaat, A. A. danSheltawy S. T. 2008.Time
longer the timing of the timeback, the Factor in Microwave-Enhanced
more% the resulting biodiesel yield is Biodiesel Production.Kairo:
obtained, but the equilibrium ratio of JurusanTeknik Kimia
the percentage percentage and the FakultasTeknikUniversitasKairo.
Riviani, H. B. Perkasa, danZahidah. 2011.
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metatolytes of transesterification. Bogor. InstitutPertanian Bogor.
Rhesa P. Putra, Gria A. Wibawa, Pantjawarni P,
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Biodiesel Secara Batch Dengan
analysis characteristic to products
Memanfaatkan Gelombang
biodiesel as analysis value heat engine Mikro.JurusanTeknik Kimia,
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