Macedonia (Roman province)

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Provincia Macedoniae
??????? ??????????
Province of the Roman Empire
�
146 BC�7th century
Location of Macedonia
The province of Macedonia within the Roman Empire, c. 125
Capital Thessalonica
in Late Antiquity: Thessalonica (Macedonia Prima) and Stobi (Macedonia Salutaris)
[1]
Historical era Antiquity
� Established after the Fourth Macedonian War 146 BC
� Balkan interior raided by Slavs 7th century
Today part of Greece
Albania
Bulgaria
Republic of Macedonia
The Roman province of Macedonia (Latin: Provincia Macedoniae,
Greek: ??????? ??????????) [2][3] was officially established in 146 BC, after the
Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon, the last
self-styled King of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia in 148 BC, and after the four
client republics (the "tetrarchy") established by Rome in the region were
dissolved. The province incorporated ancient Macedonia, with the addition of
Epirus, Thessaly, and parts of Illyria, Paeonia and Thrace. This created a much
larger administrative area, to which the name of 'Macedonia' was still applied. The
Dardanians, to the north of the Paeonians, were not included, because they had
supported the Romans in their conquest of Macedonia.

Contents [hide]
1 Description
1.1 Organization
1.2 Epirus Vetus
1.3 Epirus Nova
1.4 Macedonia Prima
1.5 Macedonia Secunda or Salutaris
1.6 Economy
2 Notable individuals
2.1 Citizens
2.2 Saints and clerics
2.3 Writers
2.4 Physicians
3 See also
4 References
Description[edit]
Organization[edit]
After the reforms of Diocletian in the late 3rd century, Epirus Vetus was split
off, and sometime in the 4th century, the province of Macedonia itself was divided
into Macedonia Prima in the south and Macedonia Secunda or Salutaris in the north.
These provinces were all subordinate to the Diocese of Macedonia, one of three
dioceses comprising the praetorian prefecture of Illyricum. When the Prefecture was
divided between the Western and Eastern Empires in 379, the Macedonian provinces
were included in Eastern Illyricum. With the permanent division of the Empire in
395, Macedonia passed to the East, which would evolve into the Byzantine Empire.

Epirus Vetus[edit]

The Roman provinces of Epirus Vetus and Epirus nova in relation to modern borders.
Epirus, later Epirus Vetus ("Old Epirus"; Ancient Greek: ?????? ???????), was a
province in the Roman Empire that corresponded to the region of Epirus. Between 146
BC and 27 BC, it was part of the province of Macedonia, after which it became part
of Achaea, before becoming a separate province under Emperor Trajan.

Epirus Nova[edit]
Epirus Nova ("New Epirus", Ancient Greek: ??? ???????) or Illyria Graeca[4][5][6]
or Illyris proper was a province of the Roman Empire established by Diocletian
during his restructuring of provincial boundaries. Until then, the province
belonged to the province of Macedonia.[7][8] Dyrrachium (or Epidamnus) was
established as the capital of Epirus Nova.[9] The region of Epirus Nova
corresponded[10] to a portion of Illyria that was then "partly Hellenic and partly
Hellenize d".[11]

Macedonia Prima[edit]

Roman provinces, 400

Macedonia Prima ("First Macedonia") was a province encompassing most of the kingdom
of Macedonia, coinciding with most of the modern Greek region of Macedonia, and had
Thessalonica as its capital.

Macedonia Secunda or Salutaris[edit]

Macedonia Salutaris ("Wholesome Macedonia"), also known as Macedonia Secunda
("Second Macedonia") was a province encompassing partially Dardania and the whole
of Paeonia, the second being most of the present-day Republic of Macedonia. The
town of Stobi located to the junction of the Erigon and Axios rivers, which was the
former capital of Paeonia, arose later in the capital city of Macedonia Salutaris.

Economy[edit]

A tetradrachm from Roman controlled Macedonia. It was minted between 148 and 80 BC.
Obverse shows Dionysos and reverse shows Herakles.
The reign of Augustus began a long period of peace, prosperity and wealth for
Macedonia, although its importance in the economic standing of the Roman world
diminished when compared to its neighbor, Asia Minor.

The economy was greatly stimulated by the construction of the Via Egnatia, the
installation of Roman merchants in the cities, and the founding of Roman colonies.
The Imperial government brought, along with its roads and administrative system, an
economic boom, which benefited both the Roman ruling class and the lower classes.
With vast arable and rich pastures, the great ruling families amassed huge fortunes
in the society based on slave labor.

The Roman empire under Hadrian (ruled 117-38), showing the senatorial province of
Macedonia' in southeastern Europe
The improvement of the living conditions of the productive classes brought about an
increase in the number artisans and craftspeople to the region. Stonemasons,
miners, blacksmiths, etc. were employed in every kind of commercial activity and
craft. Greek people were also widely employed as tutors, educators and doctors
throughout the Roman world.

The export economy was based essentially on agriculture and livestock, while iron,
copper, and gold along with such products as timber, resin, pitch, hemp, flax and
fish were also exported. Another source of wealth was the kingdom's ports, such as
Dion, Pella, Thessalonica, Cassandreia.[12]

Notable individuals[edit]
Citizens[edit]
Damon of Thessalonica 2nd century BC
Saints and clerics[edit]
Agape, Chionia, and Irene(died 304)
Agathopous, deacon
Aristarchus of Thessalonica, 1st century
Demophilus of Constantinople (died 386), Bishop, born in Thessalonica
Epaphroditus, first bishop of Philippi
Gaius, first Bishop of Thessalonica
Lydia of Thyatira, 1st century
Matrona of Thessalonica
Onesimus, first bishop of Beroea
Saint Demetrius, patron saint of the city of Salonika, martyred in 306
Theodulus, Lector
Writers[edit]
Craterus of Amphipolis (c. 100-30 BC) Rhapsode winner in Amphiarian games[13]
Phaedrus of Pieria (c. 15 BC � c. AD 50), fabulist
Antipater of Thessalonica (late 1st century BC), epigrammatic poet and governor of
the city
Philippus of Thessalonica (late 1st century AD), epigrammatic poet and compiler of
the Greek Anthology
Archias, epigrammatist
Antiphanes (late 1st century), epigrammatist
Parmenio (late 1st century), epigrammatist
Criton of Pieria, historian
Polyaenus, (2nd century), military writer
Stobaeus (5th century), anthologist of Greek authors
Macedonius of Thessalonica (6th century), epigrammatist of Greek Anthology
Physicians[edit]
Athryilatus of Thasos
Alexander of Pella
Damian of Thessalonica
Anthemius of Edessa
Paul of Philippi
Theodorus of Kato Kleines, Florina
C. Iulius Nicetas of Lyke (Lyki) in Pella
Aurelius Isidorus of Thessalonica
Sextus Iulius Chariton of Amphipolis
Servia of Thessalonica
Pubicius [sic?] Lalus and Publicius Hermias of Beroea
Aelius Nicolaus of Edessa
Aptus of Dion[14]
See also[edit]
Diocese of Macedonia
Macedon
Macedonia (region)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, By Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington,
page 549
Jump up ^ [1] D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of the Roman province of
Macedonia (The Department of Western Macedonia today) (in Greek), Thessaloniki 1989
(Society for Macedonian Studies).ISBN 960-7265-01-7.
Jump up ^ [2] D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Eastern Macedonia during the
Antiquity (in Greek), Thessaloniki 1976 (Society for Macedonian Studies).ISBN 960-
7265-16-5.
Jump up ^ The Loeb Editor's Notes, 28 Nova Epirus or Illyris Graeca
Jump up ^ A new classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography, mythology, and
geography: partly based upon the Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and
mythology by Sir William Smith,1851, page 392
Jump up ^ Catholic Encyclopedia - Durazzo
Jump up ^ Handbook of Ancient Geography and History by Ptz Wilhelm, ISBN 1-113-
19974-1, The (734) southern portion, or Illyria Graeca, belonged to the province of
Macedonia.
Jump up ^ Atlas of Classical History by R. Talbert, 1989, page 175: "... divided
the diocese of Moesia into two, styled Thracia and Macedonia, the latter consisting
of the provinces from Epirus Nova and Macedonia southward. But there is evidence
that Constantine considered ..."
Jump up ^ Hendry, p. 299. The geography is entirely correct for Servius' time,
since Diocletian's rearrangement of provincial boundaries included the creation of
the province of Epirus Nova out of southern Illyricum with Dyrrachium (=Epidamnus)
as its capital.
Jump up ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0-631-19807-5, Page 210
Jump up ^ Athanassakis, A.N. (1977), "N.G.L. Hammond, Migrations and Invasions in
Greece and Adjacent Areas (review)", American Journal of Philology, 99: 263�6,
JSTOR 293653
Jump up ^ Macedonia - Province of the Roman Empire
Jump up ^ Amphiareion � c. 80-50 BC Epigraphical Database
Jump up ^ www.phl.uoc.gr/eulimene/eulimene03.pdf
[show] v t e
Provinces of the early Roman Empire (117 AD)
[show] v t e
Late Roman provinces (4th�7th centuries AD)
Categories: Roman MacedoniaAncient MacedoniaRoman BalkansRoman GreeceRoman
AlbaniaRoman EpirusRoman IllyriaStates and territories established in the 2nd
century BCStates and territories disestablished in the 7th century2nd-century BC
establishments in Greece7th-century disestablishments in the Byzantine Empire7th-
century disestablishments in EuropeRomanization of Southeastern Europe140s BC
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