‘The Phonology of Romblomanon Robert A, French Summer Institute of Linguistics Introduction the purpose of this"paper is to present the phonology of native Ronblonanon words. Of special interest “1s-the influence of ather languages on Romblomsnon (sections 1, 3.1, 6, and 7). Sections 2-6 discusses native Romblomanon words, and section 7 discusses the additional phonemes due to borrowing from other Man significant At leest four léngueges have had a 4 influence on Romblomanon. Rombloa hes a*strategic harbor, and the SpaCniards built two forts there when they arrived in the sifteenth century. Spanish became the lenguege of the educated, still and it is probable that Spanish loan words*outnumber otter borrowed words, ‘the mericans replaced the Spanish in the late 1900's, and English replaced Spanish as the prestige language and as the midia for education, Borrowing Visayan, from English ts still continuing today. Hiligaynon became the major* trade language in the erea at some point, and after the Americans left it was used as a media of education in the school system along with English until 1941. After 1941 Tegdlog/Pilipino replaced. Hiligeynon as the media of education used glong with English in the school system. Many of the borrowed words have been assimilated into: the Romblomanon phonemic patterns, However, many borrowed words retain’ the phonemic structures of the source languages, and some words show evidence of a mixing of the different phonemic patterns. The existance of st least two phonemic subsystems has made the analysis of Romblomanon more complex than initally expected. Consequently it was decided that it would be best to focus first on the phonology of native Romblomanon words and to then consider the added phonemic patterns and phonemes resulting from borrowing.‘The Syllable A syllable consists of an obligetory peak preceded by on obligatory aargia and followed by en optional aergin. Vowel phonemes(V) £111 the peak slots ond consonant phonemes(C) fill the margins. Onset, peak, and coda slots can be filled only by single segmental phonemes. The peak slots occur with non- contrastive length in accented open syllables. Consequently vowel Length is # feature of stress. On the basis of non-suspect sequences, only two syllable patterns are possible for native Romblomanon words: VG and CV. Exomples: [Vupkaj)~/kupkip/ ‘enbrace', {bada]-rabj/ 'carry on shoulders or on back*. Words borrowed from other languages observe these same restrictions, but two additional syllable patterns are used: CCV and CCV, Exemples: [eténta]> /erentad ‘thirty’, and [Arabaho] /trabaho/ 'work'. In the date collected so far, the first consonant of the cluster can be any of the consonants sree feces stool /yh ol and/yl the second consonant of the cluster ts Limited G/L Ad Al Af BA but other consonents nay be found to f11 the slot with more data, 1,1 Interpretetion of Suspect Phones end Sequences In aceordance with the non-suspect syllable patterns, the high vocoids [1] and [u] are considered to be: A) vowels//and/y/when they occur in syllable peaks, end B) consonants,‘ andAy/when they occur in the margins. Examples: [sfn'6 + /sfaru) ‘v0, [uorsi]—»/vayé'/ none, no, absent, negation’. When an open stressed syllable 1s followed by en unstressed syllable whose onset ts a glottal stop and whose coda is a stop, the glottal atop 1s sonetines not pronounced tn fast speech resulting 1m 9 diphthongs, The slottal stop 15 elwsys pronounced in slow speech. Exanples: [phgdhus] —> yoazds' ug/ tto win, to have victory over someone’ , [pandud]—»fand*ur/ "to walk'.‘here sre no other VW vowel sequences in the data All word initiel vocoids are preceded by @ glottal stop phonetically ibabeul-x/ tbabaw/ ton top of", [hurSt}eA wwdl/ ‘erawl’. When an {niefel unstressed sylleble has a glottal stop in the onset slot and 2 nasal in the coda slot, the peak of the syllable is sometimes lost in fast speech causing the nasal to become syllabic. The sequence 'N is interpreted to be ‘WN since in slow speech the vowel is distinguishable. Examples: ['96/~> Aiaia/ enact, [gai >A tad’/ tno, nott. Consonental length has not been observed, not even in borrowed words. Only non-homorgenic consonant seque e5 have been observed between syllable peaks. In keeping with non-suspect sylleble patterns, single consonants between syllable peaks ere interpreted os filling the onset of the second syllable. Exanple: [bétJ>/bé.te/ tchilé'. Tn keeping with non-suspect syllable patterns for native Ronblomenon words, all consonant sequences betueen syllable peaks axe interpreted as the first consonant filling the coda of the first sylleble and the second consonant 95 filling the onset of the second syllable. Examples: ' nd}/rin.al/ ‘no, not!, [baligiatan]>hailfg.ya.'éy/ "will be sold’. Some borrowed words heve consonant sequences thet must be interpreted as having consonant cluster filling the onset Of the second. syllable. in. keeping with the additional syitabie patterns avaitable for borrowed words. Example: /nagttabsho/ nag. tra.bi.ho/ *worked' . Palatalized and lebielized sequences occur mostly in borrowed words and only in the onset slots of syllebles. Native Romblomanon words and many borrowed words that have been assimilated into the Romblomanon patterns are pronounced in slow speech with an intervening vowel between the consonant and the semivowel(Ciy, Cuw). These sequences are interpreted as being two syllables: the first syllable consisting of the consonant and a high vowel (for Ai/depending on the semivowel), ‘and the second syllable begins with thethe she! , [oud] fonds]! aAu.w's/ ‘tomorrow’, Fether words, all of which involve borrowing, are never pronounced semivovel. Examples: [s14]->fyéf->At. in slow speech with an intervening vowel between the consonant and the semivowel. These sequences are: Interpreted as 2 consonant cluster in keeping with the added syllable patterns evaileble for borrowed words. Examples: [suéido] ->budraall Awé1.ao/ * salary", [14dkt] > Aya »Ayé.tr/ tmale'.Intervoce! ically eli Cy and Gy sequences follow the rules mentioned in the previous paragraph. Note: [' ] brackets indicate phonetic data, / 7 brackets indicate interpreted data, and / /brackets indicate phonente date, 2. The Phoneme Native Romblomanon words have eighteen segmental phonemes end phonemic stress. The phoneme is the minimal phonoiogical unit, and tt is the filler of the syliable siots(Pike 1967:302-6). Phonemes are divided into two classes, vouels end consonants, on the basis of their distribution in syiiabie slots. No phoneme is 2 member of both classes. 2.1 Consonants ‘The fifteen consonants include voiced end voiceless stops, one series of nosels, two fricetives, a latteral(see section 3.1), and two semivowels as shown in table 1. bilabials alveolars palatals velars glottal stops(voiceless) t k stops (voiced) > a 3 nasals m A 9 fricatives 3 i laterals 1 semivovels y Romblomanon Consonant Phonemes 2.2 Vowels Vowels sre distinguished from consonants by their syllabicity, There are three vowel phonemes in native Romblomanon words as shown in table 2. they are differentiated by fron, central, and back positions.front central back i a u Table 2. Romblomanon Vowel Phonenes 3. Contrast of Phonenes 3.1 Consonants the following sets of words illustrate the phonemfe contract of phonenes tn onset and coda positions of native Roublonenon words p and b: /pate/tanimal teg', /dta/* child’ , ubkit/ cover", Aupktip/ embrace’. bend w: Aayé/'mayde', frayd/* lest’, Aadsal/' raze’, awsdy/tdip in Liquid’. t and d: Addyug/*stop', Adiyug/ ‘steep! , Aapad/ ‘width', Aepar/ eter. k and g: Aapit/*aust!, Aapiiy/* Lime", Aaléyy/* far distance’, Aeléyy/" going farther. k and ': kéyy/*kapok', /dyy/*heal’, /avkul/*kind of bird’, Aiki ‘to hunch. + end 9: At16/*how much/many?", Pils *to spit, harréy/tmouth, Aabé/*carry". toand h: Adyal/*kiss reverently', Adyuk/'to bark’, Avhud/*knee! , Aiud!" lone post". ie and nz Aveay/‘ehtght,Acea/*t0 see. o and hz Aiaoy ‘atoper vesh', Afaay *berd/hook on speor'. sand y: /sayo/ tskire’, aye/'nenny', Aurds/tkind of fish’, Auriy/'mate endearment! s and t: /kasu/*clever', Adsu/*breast', halapay/ "chick", Aalapis/'to drain’. mand a: /rinu/*how?, what to 402", Ainu/'what happened?" /ununy’* sixt, Auniity ‘hard led person’. n and 9 :a/tnow', /pé/' ligature, linker of words in a phrase’, Aidyan/ ‘cockfight' , Ariyuaf nara cover on meat in @ seashell”. g and 9: /égaw/*mixture of light/color', / éaw/ ‘smell carried by wind', Arayéy/ blade on fighting cock's 1eg', Auyég/* separate’. Land ws /witwiy to hang loosety', Aittiy ‘to peep’, tstu/tenter, Aadi1/*catkactvet. 1 and ys Autéy/*school of fish", Auta 'soft', Sa16/'sin, error’, /eayé/* skirt’. No contrasts were found im syllable coda position for the following clearly pairs: k and h, glottal stop and h, s and h, and 1 and y. Lf “borrowed words are used, it is possible to find contrast for y and 1 in finel position. Example:Abrour/'merdie', piypty/" cireat . tthe phonene/r/has a Limtted distribution tn che data. Tt has only appeared in syllable onset position. the consonant A/as noted sbove, slso has a Linited distribution in native Ronblomanon words. It also eccurs in very few native words. In most’ of the words in vhich/i/occurs in other Viseyan languages, a/y/1s pronounced instead of/i/in Romblomanon. Examples: The word meaning ‘none, absent, négative, not in most Viseyan languages is fral6¥, but in Romblomanon it isArayS/, The word for "buy' in neighboring languages is/bak4l/ but in Romblomanon it is /bakéy/ In word final positton,/'y/sppears after the vowels /a/and Ay, but A/never appears after /s/or /u/in the vord final position tn native words. A/never appears in vord final position after an/if but/I/does. Rere contrasts have been observed between/I/and//word medially and word initially. So far, all the words in which theA/does occur in native words, the same word occurs in Hiligaynon, Tagalog, or one of the neighboring languages. In light of these facts, it is the opinion of the euthor that at one time A/wes not a phoneme in Romblomanon, and that it hes become # phonene as a result of borrowing words from other Languages(sostly Hiligaynon, Tagalog, Spanish, and English) after the arrival of the Spaniards. This would account for the wide variation in pronouncing the few words beginning with e palotalized 1 sequence. Many(and possibly most) of the people in the barrios on Romblon do not pronounce the/i/in these words. Instead only the/y/is pronounced, However, in the town, most of the people do pronounce the/1/, Ayaki{ the word for ‘male, for exemple, is commonly pronounce as both[yéki] and [Iyéki] depending on the speaker and his/her background. Barrio people usually say [yaki] while people in the town uovatty sey Aystet) « Whatever the origin, /I/is now a necessary phoneme in Romblomenon, and itLe discussed here because contrasts do exist without having to resort to words borrowed from Spantsh or English, This 4. not possible for the phonenes mentioned in section 7. 3.2, Vowels The vowel phonemes contrast as shown by the following sets of words. sand az Aini/*ehist, Atna/* chae*, Afma/* your/yours* , / éau/*master' . 2 and u: Aakyée/" buy for someone’ , /bakyin/ "buy something’ , A éua'/"to be stingy’, Aiwa ‘to spit out a bad tasting food/drink'. Land u: Afeu/twhiatte', Aitw/"steaned rice cake’, A{ba/*aitterenct, /cba/" naked’ . 3.3. Stress Stress is phonemic as shown by the contrastive sets belov. Astun/'fanine’, Aue Aaguy/'*kind of game using stones’, agiy/*coconut shell’. to be hungry’, Atity/tfaith', Au'§/*right(hand)", 4, Verfation of Phonenes 4.1 Consonants the stops f,t,k,b,d,y/have unreleased allophones in word finsl position, end the the voiceless stops/p,t,l/have slightly aspirated allophones in word initial position. Phoneme /y is a voiceless bilabial stop; /A/is @ voiceless alveolar stop; vis a voiceless velar stop; h/is a voiced bilabial stop; “/is @ voiced alveolar sto; and f/is @ voiced velar stop. For some speakers, the phoneme A/has a dental attoptone’thee fluctuates freely with the alveolar stop'in word initial position. ‘his is speaker specific. As noted in section 3.1, there is @ neutralization of contrast for/1/an/y/ in word final position in native words. This 1s nof true of words borrowed from Spanish and English. In native words, /y/occurs after /s/and Arf white/1/occurs following /i/in vord final slots. Examples: /tab{y/ tatketive', Aaéy/*buy!, jpuypiy/* tired’.4.2 Vowels The high front vowel phonene/i/has » high front close unrounded allophone [Jin open stressed syllables, 1n word final open syllables, in open syllebles before syllables beginning with/y, in stressed word finel syllables closed with HM. hf orl ‘the high front open unrounded ettophone [Jin other positions. Examples: [*esfu]*/isfw/tchick, baby chicken", [tabil]/+/sbil/ ‘talkative’, i indefinate - Infg]~Aig/*non-focusobject marker, a’, [nitén]>/iydn/" now, today, [pani] 4éni/ ‘eherefore’, |i he }sAihi'/*sea shell", [pesp.s]-»/ispis/ bird’, [sud HAiKY foot? ‘the central unrounded vowel/s/has « mid open unrounded allophone [A] in unstressed syllables. If there is eny degree of stress, ‘f the vowel is ina sylleble closed with/y for Arf ox Lf te appears in word Final cufflxes closed eteh/a/ then ‘t ts pronounced es the low central unrounded[a]. Exenples: [nékabakéy] > frakabat’y/ "happened to buy", [béybay]+/raybay/ *beach’ , [kababatihan]+ebabay thay’ ‘a group of vomen that were counted". The production of the vowel/u/varies all the way from the high back close rounded |uJ to the mid open back rounded|oy] (which is just a little higher in the mouth then the low close back rounded/Zand just a little lower in the mouth then the mid close back rounded[o]). aLlophone[o] ‘The vowel A/has @ mid close back rounded 4 in word final open syllables and before word finel glottal stop. Examples [eut5] /uié/ * troubtet, [hfno'] -hiowy/ ‘make, do', The high back close rounded allophone[s] occurs in stressed Dylikles closed with labial consonants and in non-final open syllables except for word intetal open sylisbles begining with glotte) ptop. Exanplea: [Ata}>/piyo/ "red". Indiatan] > baduyaey derk', Gul6l-rhurG/* trouble, the high beck open rounded aliophone [vjoceurs in all other tnvironments, but for from speaker to speaker some speakers there is free variation*between the high back open rounded [iu], the mid back close rounded/ol and the mid beck open rounded [oy] in word final syllables closed with labial consonants and in word initial open syllables that begin with @ glottal stop. Examples: [matdivg]~|matuiog|~ fntuiog]>/natiiyug/ "steep, [ypat ]~Lopat] ~Lopat] hupat/" four.5. The Stress Group A stress group is the phonological unit in which the syllables ore distributed. the nucleus of the unit te the primarily stressed syllable‘whtch may be optionally fottoved by one wnstreased syllable, A secondarily stressed sylisbie'{s required if there are more than three syllables preceding the syllable with primary stress. However, © syllable may have secondary stress if there is @ syllable between it and the syllable with prinary stress, Tertiarry stresh“falls on syllables that occur two syllables before syllables with secondary stress. there 1s @ slight pause st the junctures of the stress group and @ slight rise of pitch end: volune ot the stress group nucleus, If the stress group nucleus ts an open syllable, the vowel ts slightly lengthened. Exomples: [RababatChax)-/cabobayfhan/*a group of women that vere counted" ,[méduitn] /naduytm/*dark’ , [prnékandduiGa/y/f inakemaduym/ ‘derkest!. 6. Comments on Affected Speech The speech of the more highly educated people seens to have been influenced by thetr study of other longuages. As noted in the pronunciation of the vowel phonene/u/, most speakers pronounce the allophonelvj, but some speakers pronounce either the ellophone[oJor the allophone lo), ‘The author has observed that ta general, the less educated people pronounce the allophonefu] and the more educated pronounce the/oJor [oy]. An example of this is @ brother and » sister who were reicedin the seme barrio and went to the seme schools through high school. After f: shing high school, the brother returned to the barrio to help his fecher. The sister went to college and returned to the island. She works in town in a govenment office. ‘The brother pronounces only the [vJ, but his sister pronounces an [a], English, Hiligaynon, end Tagalog are the erent prestige lenguages in Romblon Province. Tagalog has slowly been replacing Hiligaynon in use and tntw prestige since 1941 when Romblon Province was transferred to the Southern Tagalog Region, Before 1941, Hiligaynon was taught in the schools, but now only Tagalog and English used in the schools os the media of instruction. In two language surveys(Nickel, 1978 and French, 1980) it was clear thet Tegelog is now better understood than Hiligaynon on Tablas and Romblon Islands, but Hiligaynon is better understood then Tagalog on Sibuyan Islend. On Romblon Island, the author has observed that people over forty understand Hiligaynon better than Tagalog, but those under thirty understend Tegalog better chan Hiligeynon, So while Hiligaynon hes 4 major influence in the region, it is gradually being replaced by Tegalog. ‘This has influenced the spelling of Romblomanon. The older Spanish spelling system at one time gave way to the Hiligeynon spelling system, and that in turn 1s now being repleced by a Priipino/Tagalog spelling system. ALL three spelling systems are in use today, but according to a survey done by the author, the majority of the people are using the Pilipino/Tagalog spelling system, However, the c mon spelling of the/y/phonene follows the Hiligaynon pattern instead of the phonemic pattern. Nearly all finol syllables(inciuding closed syttebles) are spelled with on o, and 0 {9 also used word initially. In the opinion of the author, it is the combination of historical spelling patterns together with the study of other tenguages that hes influenced the pronunciation of the wore educated people on Romblon. Of course, other fectors aay be et work es well, such as a wider contact with*speakers of other Ienguages. This would tend to be more readily available to businessmen,and the better educated people, and the governmental employees. Finally, it should be noted that the more educated people tend to | pronounce: Spanish and English loan words more in keeping with the pronuncistion patterns ‘h less assimilation tnto Romblomanon phoriemtc of those two languages and wi patcerns,il 7. Borrowed Phonenes 7.1 Introduction Romblonanon has borrowed from Spanish, Hiligaynon, English, Tagalog and possibly other Visayan language groups. ‘This has resulted in the assimilation of sounds and patteras not native to Ronblonenon. The added syllable patterns and sequences of phones were discussed in section 1, and the phonene/i/wos discussed tn section 3.1. The phonenes considered here are necessary for writing Roablonaaon, but contrasts could only be tound by using words borrowed from other Languages. A full enslyste ofMphoneate svb:yotens chet seca to be present in Komblonanon 1s not attempted here, the author's date te too Mmnteed to attenpt thet task at the present time, Instead, the focus here is to merely {deneify the borrowed phonemes that are necessary for writing Ronblonenon. In sand the data so far, those phonemes are: /y, //,/ 7.2 Contrest of Vowel Phonenes The following sets of words illustrate the phonemic contrast for the vowel phonemes /e/and /o/ + Abrte/tnorth', Aéni/' therefore’ Myés/* cen" , /pispis/*bire’ e and © and 0: Aakpéy/*back poy’, Aovéy/* tether", Aéree/tnoreh? , /eées/*onktet np office’, Aupay/* four'. 0 and a;/amigo/*nale friend*, Aanigy/"fenele friend’, fottsyah’y/"was noticed’, 0 and ui /Adbra/tnore thea enough' , Aivsy/ "breast! , Sop! Ararindug/*felt(past tense of feel)". 7.3. Contrast of Consonant Phonenes The following sets of words illustrate the phonemic contrast for the consonant ghoneme A/ r and d: Arasun/ ‘reason’, iopdy/" should’, Aabiiy/ "dregs' ,/oapoy/*ship', Aaruti/' small boat'*, Auaduyiu/" dork’ wfratuté/*omalt boat", Ai¥/*here', and Ait" there’ were the only native words found in the deta using/y. they aiso exist in Hiligeyaon, so it is possible that they were borrowed words as well.12 rand i: Aasién/ treason, Aapat/'#it', Airi/there! , /piti/ ‘choose’ ,/rapas/* ship! , htahéd/*knob on chicken Leg'. rand yz /fasiin’ treason! , fakal/ kind of tree’, /arty,/ ‘dress shirt’, Saydy/ ‘drunk! , Aunér/ "mote! , /nandy/*mother!. 7.4 Variation of Vowels The vowel phoneme /e/has a mid front close unrounded @llophone[e/in open syllables and in syllables closed with f/or /y/ The mid front open unrounded allophone [éJoccurs in closed syllables except for ones ending in f/orAi/ Examples: bakpe: fbere/ ‘west! |bakpéy/ "back pay", [' istudyénte]>/istudyénte/ ‘student’, |wéste/ > The vowel phoneme /o/has a mid back close rounded allophonefojin open syllables, and the mid back open rounded allophone JoyJoccurs in closed syllables. Examples: [ngrte]>Adrte’ ‘north’, not $i shén|/notfsyahan/ ‘was noticed’. In order to be complete, @ stetement of the use of vowel phonemes/i/, 4 and A/should be added here as to how they are pronounced in borrowed words. Phonemes ‘/and A/foilow the sane rules as siven for native words in section 4.2(at least this is true for the date obtained so far), A slightly different rule applys with phoneme /o/ to phoneme/i/so that contrastis not lost tn the environments of word initial open syllables with initiel glottal stop, word final closed syllables ending with glottal stop, and word final open syllables. Phoneme/t/in borrowed words has a high back close rounded #llophone/u] in syllables closed with/y/and in open syllabiesfexcept for word initial open syllables beginning with glottal stop). The nigh back open rounded atlophoneLul oceurs in word initial open syltabies beginning with glottal stop and in closed syliables(except those ending in y). Exenples: [' faa: arble'.13 7,5. Variation of Co: ‘the phonene/t/has © flapped retroflexed allophone[¥]intervocellicelly, a trilled retroflexed allophone[?]in free vertation with the retroflexed allophone[z] following 2 consonant, ead 2 retroflexed ellophone [rJin all other environments. Examples: | tfabsho] ~ (trabsho]-frabsho/ twork! ,/di¥i] »/Airi/ there! [bapoyx] >/bepor/ ‘ship’. [rfma]+Aima/ ‘breadfruit’. ig borrowed words Phoneme /f*has en alveopalatal grooved fricative allophone|¥Jin free allophone [s] variation with the grooved alveolar fricative 4 before the semivowel/y/and before the high front vowel phoneme /{/ The grooved alveolar fr‘cative allophone[s] Aobecn? occurs in all other environments. Exemples: [*cskatlsfsski1/* school", :112asis8] »Aekspiri' énstyg/ ' expierence'. PenspfeitZatita] ~ [eke 8. Comments on a Prectical Orthography and The letters ch, c, z, f, q,%J are currently used in spelling proper names and may be necessary for writing some foreign vords. Consequently Le ts nezesunry co tnctute'tn che orehosraphy for thas purpose. gu te still used by @ few people, but it is no longer needed for writing Romblomanon. ‘The phoneme/p/is currently symbolized by ng. The phoneme /4/is now being written with a k in all environments, and this has become the most common spelling for the phoneme. Consequently it seems best to follow the current usage of these symbols in # practical orthography. The previous discussion of the spelling of the phoneme /y(section.6), and the overlay of the phonemic system from borrowed words indicates that some spelling rule is necessary for the use of o and u. According to a recent survey by the author on Romblon, o and u are used inconsistantly and oftenuw interchangeably. However, a strictly phonemic spelling will nd likely be used because nearly everyone spells all final syllebles of native words with ano. Borrowed Spenish and English words are consistantly spelled with eu tn all places where thet phoneme is pronounced. Example: ispiritu 'spirie'. So a rule is primerily needed for native words. Most non-final syllables are spelled with 4 u, but where eno wes used by previous educators(other than in final syllables), no consistant spelling of the phonene/u/was observed. The following is a recommended spelling rule for o and u in native words. All final syllables should be spelled with 0, and all other syliables should be spelled with u. According to the same spelling survey, palatelized ead LabieLized consonants are also an area vhere some kind of spelling rule is needed. Intervocalically cy and Cw was used by the vast majority. Other locations in a word were inconsistantly spelled, but generally Cly and Cuw was favored. Consequently all such sequences should be spelled as Cy and Cw between vowels, and they should be spelled as Ciy end Cuw everywhere else. This will be a compromise between Pilipino spelling rules, the phonemic patterns of Romblomanon, and the common current spelling pr. ce of the people. Words 1tke/jyaki/, watch vere particular. problens on the spelling survey, will now be spelled as Liyakt. the glottel stop {s symbolised in Rosblonenon the sane as in Pilipino. Te 1s aymbolived by a ~ between consonants end vowels, and it is otherwise unmarked unless it is necessary, When the need arrises, the accents » and are used on the last vowel in a word.1s 9. Text ex Lo or. ty, 1, Miyérkoles nga aga/nagmiting kami eng nga kauturan nga mga kababayihan.// Wednesday lig morning meeting we(exc)the pl siblings Hg pl women_ 2. {Upat sinda/kag A{dto kami ga BOttage=/ 3. Gapungko ako ® woue’ they” and there welex) at corkage.” Sitting” 1° matina na ako paghanbay/'indi ma ako kahambay-//5. Kag namangmuhan lang nang start now I to speak not now I able to speak. And realized just that dayan. 4. Nat i ea Res akon nga unga nga,/indi na ngani ako kahayag sa akon nga ginapangkuan-sa-duyam,/, ny lig child lig not now thus I able to move from ay lig sitting in hammock. 6. Kag ginpulsuhan niya ako ind/kag ginpanawag ang mga kalapit/nga mga parieatt— And took pulse she I theré and called the pl neighbors lig pl relatives kag ginétyagen ako sa hospital,//7. Kag didto namangmuhan (sin)da nga akon and ran me to hospital. And there realized they lig ny pulso hay zéro,//8, Kag ang akon dugo hay sikety-thirty.//9. Gani nga/sa pulse was zero. And the ay blood(pressure) was 60-30, Therefore lig for pito kaddlaw didto ako sa hospital.//10. Nakabatyag ako nang kalapit ng 7 days there I in hospital. Happened to feel I that nearness of Ginod sa akon-/ Lord to me. 10. Free Translation 1, On a Wednesday morning we sisters(in the Lord) were meeting, 2. There were four of us, and we were at the cottage. 3. I was sitting in the hanmock, 4, When I began to speak I was not able to speak. 5, My daughter realized that I could not move from where I sat im the hammock. 6. She took my pulse then and there, called the neighboring relatives, and rushed me to the hospital. 7, There they realized that my pulse was zero, 8. And my blood pressure was 60-30, 9, Therefore I was in the hospital for seven days. 10, I felt the nearness of God to me, Note: in the above text; “is primary stress; “is secondary stress; “ is tertiary stress; /is a pause; // is a longer pause; // is a breath; and the lines indicate pitch and volume contours. Pitch and volume were almost uniform in this text, That i when pitch was high, the volume was loud, and when the pitch decreased, the volume also decreased. Consequently only one contour was drawn showing both pitch and volume. Also the above text uses the spelling rules recommended in this paper.11. References Cabonce, Rodolfo, Visayan-English dictionary. No date, publisher, or place of publication given in the book. French, Robert A, 1980. Romblomanon survey. Unpublished manuscript. Manila: Summer Institute of Linguistics. 1977. Mga funtunin ng ortograpiyang Filipino, Maynila: Surian ng Wikang Pambansa. Nickle, Tom, 1978. Report of Western Visayas language survey. Unpublished manuscript. Manila: Summer Institute of Linguistics. Pike, Kenneth L. 1961. Phonemics: a technique for reducing languages to writing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1967, Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior, The Hague: Mouton. Wolfenden, Elmer P. 1971. Hiligaynon reference granmar, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Note: The following changes should be made in the Romblon Phonology paper: Page 8 Vowels 4.2 fourth paragraph. The first sentence and examples should be replaced with the following: umxwmx_ The vowel /u/ has in slow speach a mid close back rounded ‘1lophone LoJ in word final open syllables and before word final glottal tops. In fast speach the sp a [oJ varies freely with the h: back open rounded allophon in this position. Examples: [gulo]~ EeuloJ > /gula/ Mcaiten ‘Fer hime) —pkinn /rfmy/ ‘make, do. ' eerie Coa sgrasar osetia oa TEM, page 9 6 second paragraph(it begins with, Comments on Affected Speach fix Remove the entire The author has observed.....").