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    26 views12 pages

    AbrahamK ShortStudy PDF

    Uploaded by

    Joseph Eaton

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ESSENTIAL PAPERS ON OBJECT LOSS Edited by Rita V. Frankiel Ai [NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS Nev York and London 994 8. A Short Study of the Development of the Libido, Viewed in the Light of Mental Disorders (Abridged) Karl Abraham. Fred's pope, Mouniag and Melncol,” cote my vow! ta ‘melanchola stood inte sme relation o normal mourning for oe a id roi ansety to onary fe. And we may now Tepid a deiniely ‘abled the peyehologelafnty betwen melancholia and obsessional eres. Fahemore, these so ilies show sine in ear 0 he ‘pce ofthe disengagement of th ic rom the exes Word Fed ba era ed bythe anal ofobesoel neuroses oposite & egal puss inthe ovelopmeat ofthe Ubido which healed te Sdisicanl phase. A ft laet® he gave a deed dseipin of stl Cave pace, be oral canbe One Basing my views on lars and "sed collection f emp mater I wa hl 10 sow that cern ppcho- newoss contain clear acs of haters pas ia the eget of the Tbido; an T ventured he sogesoa that what we sa in melnchola was the rol of rearesson of the patent's Kido to that sane pimive ral evel ‘A about the same ime Feud spyoached the problem of melancholia ‘om anther angle, and be made the ist eal sep tard he asovry of ‘he mechanism of tat illes, He showed that the ptt, afer ving lok ‘us loveabjet,repsins once mor by rcs of npcton tha, for Instance, tbe slizeproachs of «melancholic are ely deed toward i ot bes. Subsequent expense has confirmed in my isd the importance of both processes —therepreion of the Hof the ol ge andthe mechan ep by ii Be Ret,» ioe of Hae Cais tt na ‘Sh Wks Sc apricot! DnB A Seto Cop © 1 ane ane ‘of injection. And more dha dt, i at shown that thee I a tint onnecin amen the. «As hpe wo be abet make gute, the itojection ofthe love objects an incorporation fi sping wih the repesson othe Ibo to theca eve 1. MELANCHOLIA AND OBSESSIONAL NEUROSIS: {TWO STAGES OF THE SADISTIC ANAL PHASE, (oF THE LIBIDO. As cay a 1911, «1 pointe out tht obeasiona symtoms were ‘rogue presen in ces f melancholia an th obeshonal wert re bjt sates of depression. I went on sy that in both Kinds of Ines igh depee of ambivalence wus found in he pte instil ite; nd hat his was mot lel seen nth wat of aset between is ‘emtions of lve aed of hte, nd eanen hi bates ad trove tendencies, From the point of view of the clini oberer mani-dpesive sates ‘un a itermieat couse, wheres cbesional sates are on te whole onic in characte, Cal ebervaion pea otra lng period of ‘une shows us hat here, a ino many ther css, he one contion shades ‘note ober, wheres a ft We oly san absolute clenvage betwen te omo. Inte“ aie fring fro ciel mst titi he same chutes at pyc ant has ade cgi ihn the obessool newraes—the sme pelosi gad to eal es and order te sme teeny take up a btn and dent tne lertiog with ekaggereddniity ad an exes of ade the sane oomalies of bebavous in reltion to money and posienins. These ‘aractr as fash import evdence dat tee two polls cid tions five close poyeboogcaltelaoesip with one andthe same pe sell pase of he Ho. we sui the enon of sch an exten fgemeat inthe charcteralapcal constiaton of persons who inline ‘mcancholin and of those who incline wan obressinal eae, ute lncomprehensle © as why anes which kes i inception fom the ‘same chracterfrmain shuld be nw af the oe pe, now fhe be. is te dat we have come tothe coolesion tht a lunch tbe ptt ‘ives op his psjcho-seatal elton his objet, whet te bsnl ‘eure does i the od manage io esspe that fie. But we te hen fact sith the problem why te objection 50 much me lil in he one Clase of pte than in the oer, Tn spit of tie common alaon tthe salad orgintion of te bio, melacola an obsessional nears exit eran fda siercoces nt ealy inspect of the pase to which he ido reese ‘the ont fhe ness, ut so in respect of he use of he nial o Isobe, since he melacboiae gives fp, whl the cboesonl patent reals fy hereto, appear tht sch widely verge pbaogcl Processes can ae the inception fom he sade tae, i flows hat ths sage conains heerogencos element which we hove not Ben bl 0 sparate ou hither, Up 2 we have bee agin wth he stags the deepen of he Ibo, n each of whi we were able to ober tht oe parle ‘ropenc zone was of pepoaeratinpertnce, Tow eogenic rons tm, in ode of tine, te ol hear, and the genital. We found that "he tinal excitation belonging 0 tect had close sd manifold ‘omectns ita tage wi sais moles... We have eet fom ‘the peyco-amljis of eae patents that exc proceses ae et Ploy for asic purposes, an hve found ths ft confirmed yobs "on ofthe psychology of eile, We uve lo seta gle chance tradeace, fer tetace—procend from ei a well fn eal sources, But thos observations ad thers ike them have not atl uo ‘derstand the reason ofthat combination of adit anda oie, We cn gta step nearer be Sluion ofthe problem if we take nto ‘cmsidration ster piece of welled peysho ali knowledge, “This hata compl cpu fr love irony ashesed when te bio has eched its ental stage. Thus we Rave on ton and al rte process combined with sate tuo, in especial with unkind and Rasileemedoas which ae dexmacve to thelr objet: and onthe othe, 2 ‘nal rots combed with tendencies which are friendly to thle oe i But his comparison only Ser, have sid, to rng 2 ep near ‘wu problem, whic ein nase 2 ang a we do mot know wy, ceria level of development, the sai ules eat seca ny peciely fo sal ets a nt, for nti, for rl oe Beta ‘ram, Hete again the ena dts of payco-aais aye of ws © 1s Fo tey show 1+ That anal eos contin two oppo lesa eden, 2 That sna two opposite tenes exist the fel of radi a ‘The evacuation ofthe bowels cal fork pleammble exciton of the sal zone To hs eine Frm of ples experince tees peseatiy led anor, based an reve roest—the eon oe fcces ‘Pryeho-anatic expen hat shown beyond dou dati the ile stage of his iil develoet the ining th perce whois the objet of his desea someting ver which eeerises owner and hate consequently teas tht poe a he same way ate does his st piece of privat rope, the conten of bis body, bis fees, Wheres nthe geil evel "ove" mean the aera fs poste fing co 1 the objet and involves a peyho-seualaapaton fo tht objet, on te level below it ean ht he teats his objet ough elonged wo hi, ‘And ince the ambivalence of felngs sl xs a fl force on his ifcor level he express his postive ate tomas ht ote! i he form of exiting bis propery, and his negative aide in he frm of ejecting ‘Ts when te obsesional neuro is Ueateed wih the los of bt, and wee te maancotic scaly does loeb, it isis othe neon. ‘ios min of each a expulon of ta bjt inthe seme ofa pyseal explo feos, ‘Many euro psn react ina nal way vey lo, wether he death of 2 peton or the Hoss of mute object. They wil tt with ‘statin ar lates secoring a th le i ewe ty heir wows ‘mind—whose aud, i agreement wh the ambivalence ofthe ematna Ii, sie atl a vara one. Tei uncooled fms the oss by mets a he ergn-posh wih which we are fan. News of the det of near elative il often st vp in pr vce! pes his bovels a ifthe whole of i nestines wete bing expelled o if someting was tng tor away inside him and was gag to come ont Though his ams. Without foreting hats reaton itis overdtr rine, I soul iki his plc wo singh ut thi one cate with which we sme concer. Wess gud the renton a ec form of mourning hich has tee conserved isthe unconscious abd we cast side by sie ‘ih primitive rita, deseied by Rabin, in which thera ofthe ‘eceased man dees on his new made pve ‘Asan illsrton I sould Hike to ate he eowing cious ceremonial fomed by a sours worn, --. This woman, who presented sna Shrscerais ofan exieme Kind, was ata rue uabl 1 teow ay sued objets. Neventles se felt impel fom tne one o gt dof ‘one or ther of hom. Ar! she had invented a way of heating hee iter She wed 6 go out moth wood clove By, nd before be I he ‘owe she would tke the objet that was tO Be torn aan old ament, for nstace—and ack corer of i under er pesto sigs find. Then se would “low” te thing on her wa nthe mond. She ould come hoe by aot way 5 na com ars agin. Than de be able o give up the possesion ofan objet he had to ei op from he bck of ber bos. Moreover, sthieg i ap eloquent in contention of ur view atthe eats of che. Asal Hungarian boy, whose amy Led i Bass Pest, once trend hit mise with thes wor If yoo make me ary a you srs 1 Ofen (a iatit onthe ter nie ofthe Date), According tote chil’ view th way fo get of a person one no longer "ied was by meas of defecation, ‘The remoral or Ios of an objet cn be reared by tbe uaconsslous citer af a ait roses of destcton ost an ano of exo, ‘Cerin forms of specch show how clos uid ine encoscoos ‘mind anal and edie tendencies to abolish an objet. The most widely ieren Iansapes tend to express only by inet alison ce metaphor ‘euiour which i tal on sane impale Bat tose metaphors a ied fom aces which psychoanalytic expercace Ba taht 12 ‘race back o anal ene an coprphi instis. A good example of his is to be fund inthe military repr and desptces which spree os bah Sides ding the ln war. In he places were “gesber™ (ceased) of the enemy, teches wee “eufperdum” (“cleared ox; inthe French sceouns the word used was “nezoyer” ("to clean”), and ia te Eas ‘lesning uo "mopping up” was he expesion. "The alls of ners pats staph us hal he second, contersing| set of tendencies that spring fom aml and sadistic oarces—sendencies ‘isn ant cota tbe ojet—combin in many may a enoce one {oder Ania the sae way tere i aco alias tenwemn the deste Tendecies coning trom thse Iwo sources—tendecier 10 expel and 10 eso the ebect. The way la which hese later tendencies copes wll become especialy clearin the payhslony of sae of minha. Aad we ‘hal ener inthis pon in reste detal ater on, ‘What | shoud ie to dom his place i to dscus ely the convergent teton of anal an sad insincs in he obesinal caster. We hve hither accoased for the excerve love of lanes shown by sch ‘harass being reaction fain guint corp eels, ad foe their masked love of order as a repessed or sabinaed anal ei inst, Ts Vew, though comet and spond bya great ms of emp ‘ald, isin some ways ose. Ie dnt ot kere nto crs ‘ration the ove detention of psjehologil phenomena, For we ae abl o detect in or patient compulive love of order and eaalness the cooperation of sublimed sade isacts as wel Compulsive ordeines isa the sme tine an expemon ofthe pts ‘ese fr domination He eee power over hing. He feces he int ¢ "eid ad paae see. And int elm happens tht be ake pope Senso eer int syste ofthis Aid. We have only his ofthe compulsion for clearing everyting fom which some Roaswives safe, ‘Tey very often bee i ach a wy tha noting td oon i tin race. The tum the whale Bouse pide do and onl ether pens fo Submit ter pathologie implses. In exteme ces of an obesina racer, itis et wth in hwsewl's ers nd eur eae: tons ofthe bureaeraic min, this caving for dezton becomes gue ‘misaable. Or again, we ned ont tink of the sadistic elements tat go 1 make up te wellAown atl charter of cbtacy fo ele ow nal ad soit forces act ogee. ‘As oon a someting special caso dete the “oe” of hi abet in te Seas aleny asd, both less of ners reat with get vec ‘The pata sunsnons op he whole energy of hsp bial nations ‘combat he dange ta the caret of feting sl tbe cj wll row ‘oo sng If he conserving eadecies—tove of reining and contig his objet—are th more powerful hi conic srcund the lve object wil call fh phenomena of psetlogcal compulsion. But if the opposing ‘adic tendencies are vicious those which sat devtoyng ab peling te objet—thes epee of rlanhaic ‘epressien Pryco-anayi experience and the drt oberon of chile have czblihe the ct at tot of atte which sins tthe destin a xplsion ofthe objet is omogenetcaly he ler of thet. Inthe vooal evelopcat of his puyehoaenul if th nvidul en y Being cpale ofloving is object. ‘iyho-aai eperince as already oie st set he exkece fa pregeaial, salsa spe of tinal development ad we 20m fnd curetves Ie to asune tht at stage inches to diflrent lvls within self. On the Inter Feve tbe coneving tendencies of reining ad contol the bj predomi, wheres on th care vel toe ole to their objet—thos of destroying an! ong t—came tothe fore. The ‘bessonal netic reese the ner of hese wo Levels, an Soe ‘he to mina contact with ice, ‘This difeentiaion ofthe aad sage no primitive and ner ‘use sume to be of ral importance, Fora he dividing line between those wo pases tee lakes place »deciive change nthe atte of he insviual tothe external wod. Indeed, we mys that i ring ines vere object Jove" inthe naower sete bel, or et hs pot at {he tendeney to reser the objet eps to pred 1, OBIECT-L0SS AND INTROJECTION IN NORMAL, MOURNING AND IN ABNORMAL STATES OF MIND Having taken asthe stating poe of or avesguons the “ester” in sidil depressive and mnie sues, we may new peocesd wo ini no ‘he event wich wir iate acta mlanchoi nest—tha vet which "Freud bas ale the “os of objet" and inthe procs, cold 101, of te iuojetion ofthe lst ove abject Dr, lke of Knscobarg has cea communicated to meth lowing celatyinsmetive eae from his psychic practice in ab ayn. A Tema pues was brought t the alum on asso! of « melanle epson. Se repent ecu href of being thn ely she had ‘eer scenanybag. But ber fuer, with whom she ved, and to who ‘se clung wit alan unmaried dag’ love, had teen aot 3 shot while before fora thet This eveat, whic et oly removed er aber rm ‘ne inthe eral meaning of te word bat alo called fonh «profound ‘sjchologia reaction inthe sense of efanging ber fom i, a the Tesining of her ack of melo. The lone of he loved poeon ws immesinely sccoded by an aco noc: and now war he patent ere who had commited the thet. Ths insance once more bears ost Fred's view ht he selfceprachsof metho rin aly reprosches ced aust loved pron, es easy enough tose in ceain cases tht objeto ad intron he taken place Bat we mit remeaer tat our Knowing of these facts ‘is pucy super, for we an give oo explanation of tem whatve ei only By means fa pula prycho-analyis tat We ae ale persive ha there 4 relaionehip botween objections and tendencies, ase on the ‘ave pis of the aaa wage, to oe and des things and tat the proces of injection has the ebaracterof py ncroration by wy ofthe mouth, Fremore, «special view of is srt mines the ole ofthe ambience conic tht ahr in melo, Theme: al which shall bog fora in thee page wl hope, help to some xicot fil in hi xp in our knowledge. shoul ke pit ot sone, however, tht our Knowledge of What kes poe in noma ening ‘pully swpercilfor ayo analysis as rows no Bight on that mental ‘satin ely peopl and incase of ranerenc-neaross. Te, ed bas ide the very sini observation that he eros cit of anbvaleat ‘esings rom which te melanie safes absent in the ol son, But how exact the proces of mourning i effec inte nol ind we lo mot at present Ano. Uae bad ceo this sor ch has ts abled me to gle some Browiege ofthis ll aow obcae sujet and Thich shows hatin th somal poses of our, 0, te pero e528 Sear hci yen enprny non fve eon “The wf of ene of my saya bese became very eon il while te was sill under teste. She was expecting her Etch At lt came neesary top at endo er pepaney by «Canaan ston My mlyzand was huey cle to er Dds and avd ater he pean Ind been performed. Bu ost he wife nor the prentely bora child ‘ld be ved. Ae sometime ths hushed cae bck 0 meal continued ‘is treatment His mals, and in especial «dea heh shorty ar ‘eruption, mae gate evden tht had reacted spin os wit sat of intojection of an eal cee carter, ‘One of he mos sing mental phenomena exiied by bin a his ine ‘was dle of eating, which ted or wees. This fete wat a maid conta to his wal habs, and was reminiscent of the efi to tke oarishent met wih in melncholincs, One dy is dsincnton fer food ‘duspene, and he se good mel in he evel. Tat gh be had 2 eam a which be as prescott he postmortem on Bi te wie, The ‘rum wu vid lt two contatng weneIn he oe, he separate pat ‘ofthe body gem tpeter aaa, the dead woman began 1 show signe of ity and be esracd er with lings of thelist jy. the ake sone the dsetng-oom ake appearnce, ne he reamer wat eminded of sSaghered ails in a batches shop. The scene ofthe dst, win presead ia he deam, was usocitod i is wife's operon (ecto Cacti) ate one par i aed io the ‘sna ofthe dd boy in th tert wae conned wih carta: ti eas, Thodam’ atociton othe des ean boupht out emaabefchathe ight ofthe dase body ended him this ea ofthe evening before, aed expec of met dh be had een. "Wesce tere rf, tht ing event has had wo ferent agus ln the dream, sd by ide with oe anor, 8 en the ease han ‘rll hast be expe Consuming the fs of the dead wi mae ‘pial restoring her le, Now Feu has shown hat noting "he lon object the melancholia docs nded reall if: he St wp it his ego. lathe present ase th widowed man had abandoned hel ois te! fra conan prod of time a thowgh tere were po posite escape ‘om Hi sation for fond wa npr playing with hi oe dents It seemed to mpy tht pow tht the objet fs ave was dead eb 20 ‘more atacion fob. He tee began to wake he uuu effec of is Jon by means of an uncnscios pres of inojection of the loved objec. Wie tis was going on e was ove more able tothe torshent, anda ‘he same tine hs dream anenanced the fat hat the work f mourning ssereedet, The pres of mouring hus rigs wih ithe consolation: My loved object isnot zone, for now’ Ica it witha myself and can never ‘his psyebologial process is, we see Metal with what occur in ‘wlan tally to make clearer on tht molancholia a arc form of maurnng. Bet he istece given above lends ws to we cons tha the work of mouring isthe Rely edu also assumes an archaic fermi the lower anf tis nd, "A he eof wig I fn fat the fst hat nection take place in normal moumng bas aesdy come nea Sicorery from anther quar Grade? cies the cat fs patient whose hai went rey fhe ane of is fate’ eth and este an uooescioas enency onthe pa of te paint to Recme Uke his fer, and us a weet abs him in self and take his place wis motes. And het I find myself obliged wo conte an expereneo of my own lite, When Freud plished his "Mouring and Melasioks" vo often ute in tes pages, iced hat Tela quite waceomed fica in folowing hs tain of hough was ava ofa ciation to eet he ‘fan intojetion ofthe loved bj. {combat ths fering in mysel, inking thatthe fat ha he ens of rea ad made a dacovey in eb finer so much my own cd fot in mewn fective "on" Has ot il ac tht I eld tht his obvious tative was only of secondary Jimporanc compared with ante. The fas were hese: ‘Tovar the end ofthe previous year my Tater bad ed. Dig the si of mourning which T went dough ceran tings Osis which I as not atthe time able to resogize a the consequence of loess of lnuojestion. The most striking even was hat my hi rap med very {ey and then wet lak agit few month tine. Ate ine abut ist the emotional crisis T hd hen hough Bat Tam sow obliged 1 accept Gredde’s view, quoted ave, comeing the deeper comecton between my ai tuing gry and my sae of mourning, For iad sco my fae forthe st ine 2 ew months efoe his death ea Iwas home for the oar on shot leave. Id foud him very mach aged and not tll ston, and Tha especialy svcd tht is bait is Beard were almost ‘wit and were longer tan wssl on acount of hi avng tee Sonne 0 is be. My recollection of my lst vst to hin wat chnely noite ‘id his Impression. Crain et fue in hesitation, which T am nfs unable to deere ber, ld new sre ay temporary symptom of taming py o 2 pecs of ntojecto, I thu pps ha my ipa mv in being avers Fee's thoy othe pana pocest of melancholia frst was my owe eden to empl th sae eens. ring mourig Nevers, altmugh intojctoa occ in mung in te hea ‘ston and inthe newrtcno lew than inthe talancolic, we mt et ‘velo the important ferences between te process in eon andi be ‘er, In the smal person ist motion by ce os ent nd ts ‘si purpose i to peseeve the psu’ rion othe dead eject, What comes to the ne hing 1 compensate fer his Is. Fatermre, i ‘tetas knowledge of hi oe wil oer lav the moxmal pte, ott oes the meluncolse. The process of isimjeetion in the melon, moreover, Is tase on «rica dseubance of his bial elatons best It ces on seer confi of ambivalent felis, rom which he ab only escape by tuning sgtns irl the sly be exiginally fet owas is objee Recent observations, thse of Fed in the est insace, ave shown tat Injection is far commoner psycholgiea eoes tha hat ithe ees ‘suppose I shold ie orefer in paral oa ead of Feu concer inp pycho analyse of omer He exeesis the view (ough he det aot spp it with any iia teva) that we sald beable wo was ceria css of homosexual 10 the fc tha the bjt a noted the pat of he pone ex. Ts ‘yng man wil fc! an ination towards male pesonsbecase Be has ‘ssid his moter by mean ofa peyebsogcal proces of icerperaon| ‘nd cooeguely reacts wo mae eject inthe wy tht be weal 3. Up now we have bea chil arquisted With ante aaiogy of bomosea- iy, The anys of sch aes has ehown ht aul the person asad

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