Distributed Event Identification for WSNs in

Non-Stationary Environments

Kamran Ali*, S.B. AliK, I. H. NaqviΤ, M. A. Lodhio

ΤDepartment of Electrical Engineering, LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan
*Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
KTU Munchen, Germany

oDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, USA

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 Outline
• Introduction
- Outlier, Event Detection & Event Identification in WSNs
• Online & Adaptive Clustering for Outlier
detection
• Event Detection
• Event Identification Simulation and
Experimental Results

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 Introduction
• The data obtained from WSN can be classified as:
- Normal
- Outliers-Anomalous data due to noise or sensor faults
- Events
• The purpose is to separate outliers & events and
determine the attributes involved in the event (Event
Identification).
• Characteristics of detection and identification techniques
in Harsh and Non-stationary environments:
- Unsupervised, online, distributed and adaptive
- Multivariate data
- Spatio-Temporal and attribute correlations
- Insusceptible to non-stationarity & dynamic network
topology
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 Outlier Detection using Online and
Adaptive Clustering
• Consider a WSN with strong temporal, attribute &
spatial correlations, where each node collects a total of
k, d dimensional data samples Xk.
• During the outlier detection phase, the hyper-ellipsoid
clustering algorithm encapsulates the data samples by
using the following equations:

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 Outlier Detection and Non stationary
environments
• For a newly arrived data sample, the mean and the second
moment can be updated in the following manner:

• For non stationary environments, we make use of independent

forgetting factor approach; Where λ is called factor, used for
environment adaptation:

• the updated mean at the kth iteration can be written as:

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Event Detection

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leave one out (LOO) event identification
algorithm
• Step1: Projection of the hyper-ellipsoid
(containing the data set eX i.e. EQ, its covariance
SE and mean mE) on to a subspace Xq which
contains all but one (qth) attributes
– Correlation of all (q-1) attributes is taken into
account
• Step2: Finding the Mahalanobis distance

• Step3: Decision Formulation

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Synthetic dataset for Simulations

A 4-dimensional synthetic data set with correlated and uncorrelated events

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Simulation Results on Synthetic dataset

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Performance of clustering techniques:
synthetic data set

A 4-dimensional synthetic data set with correlated and uncorrelated events 10

 Real Data sets
• We tested our algorithms on three real data sets
– Multi-hop WSN deployment using TelosB motes
measuring humidity and temperature at 5 second
intervals [18]
– Data from epochs 25000 to 30000 of node 18 of the
IBRL (Intel Berkeley Research Lab) dataset [19]
– Data collected at station 10 of the network deployed
on the rock glacier in Switzerland in a 12 days
collection period starting from October 10th 2007
[20]

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Event detection and identification
results: real data sets

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 Hardware Implementation and Results
• Two CC430 based WizziMotes
running DASH7 protocol were used.
• Temperature and Illumination
attributes were tested.
• Tested using white LED and
fluorescent lights. WizziBase with
WizziMote
- Scenario 1 (turning off the lights of the room in which the
motes were deployed) 0.5% and 99.5% contribution for
temperature and illumination respectively were reported.

• - Scenario 2 (illuminated two incandescent bulbs in a close

vicinity of both the motes) 76.34% and 23.66% contribution
for temperature and illumination respectively were reported.
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 Conclusion and Future work
• Proposed scheme gives accurate identification
ratios in cases where both independent as well as
correlated attributes contribute towards an
event.
• Future work entails:
– Implementation in a larger WSN framework
– More thorough evaluations of our proposed
schemes in terms of required memory resources and
the overall network lifetime.

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Thanks and Questions???

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