 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫ א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٢٥ 
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬         ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
? ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ?  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 

،‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،،،‫א‬‫א‬







  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    •
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •


  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-1-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  U = I X R‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 120 V DC‫א‬‫א‬50 VAC‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  50 V ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 120 V ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬–٦




-2-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬–١
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧



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



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-3-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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-4-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ( A )‫א‬‫א‬
   6
   10
   16
   20
   25
   35
   50
   63


-5-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
   ، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(10050322520161065)





-6-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-7-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬30 mA ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 1 mA
  20 mA
  30 mA
  50 mA
 ‫א‬ 100 mA
  200 mA

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F


-8-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K3000 Ω 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 6500 Ω  
 4500 Ω  
 4500 Ω  
 3000 Ω  
 1800 Ω  

-9-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  RB ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ IF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
  UF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 UB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬–٢







- 10 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L3L2L1‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬
 UB 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RU ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K IF ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  RU‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬UB‫א‬UF‫א‬–٢
 KIM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RU‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


W‫א‬‫א‬
 RL1 = 1 ΩL1‫א‬
 RPEN = 1 Ω‫א‬‫א‬
 RB = 2 Ω‫א‬
 RU = 500 Ω‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 RK = ∞ Ω‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬IM=
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬UB=
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬UF=


- 13 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




 W ‫א‬

IM =  U =
RB +RU +RM +RL + RL1

UF = IM r ( RM + RU )=

UB = IM r RM =

 W‫א‬



 W‫א‬






 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 14 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


RU / Ω UF / V UB / V IM / A
0
500
5 000
50 000


 W‫א‬
  RU = 0 Ω  IM UF UB
 
RU = 50 KΩ















 W‫א‬

- 15 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬









 W‫א‬

- 16 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 17 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬

 RL1 = 1 ΩL1‫א‬
 RN = 1 Ω‫א‬
 RB = 2 Ω‫א‬
  RK = 0 Ω‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 RS = 1 Ω‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬IF=
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬UF=
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




 W ‫א‬
 
 U
IF = =
RL1 +RL+RK+RS+RB

  UF = IF r RS =

 W‫א‬



 W‫א‬






- 20 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬RS‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RS‫א‬F
 
RS / Ω  IF / A UF / V tA / S
 160    
 15   
 5   

 K‫א‬‫א‬W tA


 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬UF IF  
 
 RS = 160 Ω١

 RS = 5 Ω٢










- 21 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 W‫א‬











 W‫א‬


 

- 22 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



- 23 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،10 A6 A
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬P = U X I‫א‬ U = I X R
E‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬           ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬E A‫א‬ I‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬ P = I2 X R‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬–١
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬–٣
 F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 WE‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 132 KV 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬
 Y‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ∆‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Y / ∆
 KUph‫א‬UL‫א‬‫א‬
 UL = √3 X UphW
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
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

 ∆‫א‬Y‫א‬


 N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RB‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PEN





 ‫א‬‫א‬


- 27 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ( 127 V ) ( 220 V )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬    E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  220 V‫א‬380 V / 220 V ‫א‬)
 K( 127 V ‫א‬220 V / 127 V ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- 28 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 29 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬50 V  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬50 V‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 42 V24 V 12 VW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬











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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬





 W‫א‬‫א‬
RL1 = 1 Ω  RPEN = 1 Ω
 RU = 500 ΩRB = 2 Ω

 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬UV=
 ‫א‬UB= 



 W‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬













 W‫א‬







 





 W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬

RL1 = 1 Ω  RPEN = 1 Ω

 RU = 500 ΩRB = 2 Ω
 RK = 0 Ω

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬UV=
 ‫א‬UB=

 W‫א‬





 W‫א‬














- 34 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 


‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 35 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬EKKF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E‫א‬F
 K?‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K




 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬
- 36 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬





 W‫א‬‫א‬
 RL1 = 1 Ω RPEN = 1 ΩRU = 500 Ω
 RB = 2 ΩRK = 0 Ω
 
 W‫א‬
 WL1‫א‬‫א‬
 UB=




 ‫א‬

- 37 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬



 E‫א‬‫א‬FW
‫א‬‫א‬ ( L1 N  N L1 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬N‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 UB=

 W‫א‬



 W‫א‬







 


- 38 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 39 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ (‫א‬‫א‬)
 W(‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬)‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(L)‫א‬–١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬(L )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬–١
 ‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬
 ‫א‬ )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K()‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬–٤

 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬





 W‫א‬‫א‬
 RL1 = 1 Ω RPEN = 1 ΩRB = 2 Ω
 RE = 5 ΩRK = 0 Ω


 W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W UF ‫א‬ UV ‫א‬‫א‬

 UV =
  UF =

 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬
 RE  ‫א‬ N2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2‫א‬
 K UF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬
 UV =
  UF =
 W‫א‬



 W‫א‬





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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 





‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬ 
‫א‬

١٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- 43 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 E‫א‬F‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 30 mA ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0.2 s‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (‫א‬ ) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫א‬ )‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (‫א‬ )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ (‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٢‫א‬،






- 44 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 PE‫א‬()PE – N‫א‬–٢
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬







- 45 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

  ‫א‬I in ≠ I out ‫א‬‫א‬



- 46 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬






 ‫א‬I in = I out ‫א‬‫א‬









 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬
- 47 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬





 W‫א‬‫א‬
 RL1 = 1 Ω RN = 1 ΩRB = 2 Ω
 RE = 160 ΩRK = 1000 , 10 , 0 Ω
 W‫א‬

RK / Ω IF / A UF / V  FI‫א‬
 1000    □□
 10    □□
 0    □□



 RK = 10 ΩW ‫א‬

- 48 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬



IF =  U =
RL1+RL +RK +RE +RB

 UF = IF r RE =


 W‫א‬




 W‫א‬














- 49 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 RE = 2000 ΩRK = 1000 Ω

 W‫א‬
 IF = 
 UF = 

 □   □  FI‫א‬

 W‫א‬















 W‫א‬
- 50 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬










 W‫א‬








- 51 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 





‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬

١١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 52 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬






 ‫א‬‫א‬




- 53 -
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ U
‫א‬ UB
‫א‬ UF
‫א‬ US
‫א‬ UV
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ IA
‫א‬ IF
‫א‬‫א‬ IN
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ IM
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I∆N
‫א‬ RB
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RE
‫א‬‫א‬ RH
‫א‬ RISO
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RK
‫א‬ RL
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RM
‫א‬ RP
‫א‬ RS
‫א‬‫א‬ RSCh
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RU
‫א‬ Rv

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  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
45O‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ PVC  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ mm2‫א‬
— 12 8 10 1
— 15 10 14 1.5
— 20 14 18 2.5
— 27 17 23 4
— 34 23 31 6
55 46 31 42 10
72 61 42 56 16
93 82 57 75 25
115 100 71 95 35
140 124 91 115 50
170 154 — 143 70
204 180 — 172 95
238 210 — 204 120
275 241 — 230 150
306 272 — 263 185
357 317 — 311 240
404 360 — 360 300
— — — — 400
— — — — 500
 45O‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 11 KV‫א‬‫א‬420V250V ‫א‬‫א‬–٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 K  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٢ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٨ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢٤ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٣٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٣٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٥٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS