Restime® [drops]

MIMS Class : GIT Regulators, Antiflatulents & Anti-Inflammatories

Indications
Relief of flatulence & abdominal discomfort, due to excess GI gas, eg dyspepsia & GERD.
Dosage
Childn 2-12 yr 40 mg (1 mL) <2 yr 20 mg (0.5 mL). All doses are to be given 4 times daily.
Administration
Should be taken with food (Take after meals and at bedtime.).
Special Precautions
Phenylketonurics. Avoid fizzy, carbonated drinks & food that may increase GI gas.
Mechanism of Action
Simethicone lowers surface tension and facilitates gas dispersion by causing coalescence of gas bubbles in the GI tract, thus helping in their
dispersion.
Absorption: Physiologically inert. Appeared to be unabsorbed in the GI tract after oral admin.
Excretion: Excreted unchanged in the faeces.
Brand Name: Erceflora
Classification: Antidiarrheals
Suggested Dose:
Adults 2-3 vials of 2 billion/5 mL susp
Children 2-11 years 1-2 vials of 2 billion/5 mL susp
Infants >1 month 1-2 vials of 2 billion/5 mL susp.
Mode of Action:
Contributes to the recovery of the intestinal microbial flora altered during the course of microbial disorders of diverse origin. It produces
various vitamins, particularly group B vitamins thus contributing to correction of vitamin disorders caused by antibiotics &
chemotherapeutic agents. Promotes normalization of intestinal flora.
Indication:
Acute diarrhea with duration of ≤14 days due to infection, drugs or poisons. Chronic or persistent diarrhea with duration of >14 days.
Contraindication:
Not for use in immunocompromised patients (cancer patients on chemotherapy, patients taking immunosuppressant meds)
Drug Interaction:
No known drug interactions.
Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:
No known side effects.
Adverse Effects:
No known adverse effects.
Nursing Responsibility:
1.) Shake drug well before administration.
® Allows equal distribution of the drug in the fluid it is in.
2.) Monitor patient for any unusual effects from drug.
® Monitoring allows detection of possible side effects of the drug since there has been no known side effect of the drug.
3.) Administer drug within 30 minutes after opening container.
® To avoid contamination of the drug.
4.) Dilute drug with sweetened milk, orange juice or tea.
® To allow easy administration of the drug.
5.) Administer drug orally.

The hypothalamus in the brain has a thermostatic mechanism which controls body temperature. During fever, a protein called pyrogen is
generated. This increases the synthesis of a compound called prostaglandin in the hypothalamus, raising its temperature set point.

Paracetamol acts as an antipyretic and inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin. Paracetamol reduces fever by promoting heat loss
(through sweating and cutaneous vasodilation) and thus helps reset the hypothalamic thermostat.

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New Genomic Marker for Tuberculosis May Help Identify Patients Who Will Develop the Disease
ScienceDaily (Aug. 31, 2010) — It may soon be possible to identify patients who will develop tuberculosis, as scientists have identified
changes in the blood specific to the disease. These findings are from an international study published in the August 19 issue of Nature and
conducted by doctors and researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital using blood profiling techniques to understand infections.

See Also:
Health & Medicine

 Infectious Diseases
 Personalized Medicine
 Today's Healthcare
 Diseases and Conditions
 Hypertension
 Tuberculosis

Reference

 Transmission (medicine)
 Infectious disease
 Pathogen
 Salmonella infection

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which usually attacks the lungs and can be fatal if not treated
properly. Although TB is no longer a leading cause of death in the United States, it remains an epidemic in much of the world. One third of
the world's total population is infected with the microbes that cause TB; however, most people infected with M. tuberculosis remain
asymptomatic with latent TB. People with latent TB have a 10 percent lifetime risk of developing active TB, but current tests can not identify
which individuals will develop the disease.

"Tools to diagnose infections like TB, bronchiolitis and pneumonia have been developed and are actively used to classify patients as being
infected with specific pathogens, but we are still unable to predict how each person is going to react to the infection," said one of the
study's authors Octavio Ramilo, MD, chief of Infectious Diseases at Nationwide Children's Hospital. "It's difficult to predict patient
outcomes, and this is a real problem."

To combat this problem, Dr. Ramilo and Asuncion Mejias, MD, investigators at the Center for Vaccines and Immunity in The Research
Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, are using microarray technology to develop blood profiles in patients specific to infectious
diseases.

"Each infectious agent, be it a virus or a bacterium, interacts with human immune cells in unique ways by triggering proteins on white blood
cells," said Dr. Mejias. "We can identify patterns among the white blood cell's activated proteins and identify a unique 'signature' for each
infectious agent."

Drs. Ramilo and Mejias' -- also faculty members at The Ohio State University College of Medicine -- research has shown that gene
expression microarray technology can be used to help develop blood transcriptional signatures.

"This technology allows us to see the whole picture of infection using a single blood sample, which is a really powerful tool for the clinic,"
said Dr. Mejias.

It's this gene expression microarray technology that allowed an international group of investigators, of which Drs. Ramilo and Mejias are
part of, to provide the first complete description of the blood transcriptional signature of TB.

The study examined and compared blood drawn from patients in London, England and Cape Town, South Africa who had active TB, latent
TB or who did not have TB. The team developed genome-wide transcriptional profiles for each of the patients and discovered a distinct
characteristic, or "signature," of the blood from patients with active TB. X-rays of patients with this signature were consistent with signs of
active TB.

"The study shows for the first time that the transcriptional signature in blood correlates with extent of disease in active TB patients," said
Dr. Ramilo. "It validates the idea that this transcriptional signature is an accurate marker of TB infection."
The team also found that a subset of latent TB patients had signatures similar to those in active TB patients.

"The signature of active TB, which was observed in 10 to 20 percent of latent TB patients, may identify those individuals who will develop
disease, but longitudinal studies are needed to assess this," said Dr. Ramilo.

The transcriptional signature was diminished in active TB patients after two months and completely extinguished by 12 months after
treatment.

"These findings suggest that the blood transcriptional signature of active TB patients could be used to monitor how well a patient's
treatment is working," said Dr. Ramilo.

Dr. Mejias says that this study highlights the power that gene expression microarray technology could bring to the diagnosis and treatment
of infectious diseases, as the blood transcriptional signatures are not limited to TB. Currently, the infectious disease investigators at
Nationwide Children's Hospital are developing transcriptional signatures using blood samples obtained from children with broncholitis and
pneumonia and plan to correlate findings with clinical outcomes, similar to the recent TB study.

"It seems that we are developing a tool that can not only diagnose infectious diseases, but also indicate severity and eventually predict
which patients are at risk for developing advanced symptoms. These capabilities are desperately needed in order to improve how patients
recover from infections," said Dr. Ramilo.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100830073801.htm
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a condition that affects the nerve fibers in the skin. It is the most common complication of
shingles and results from damage to nerve fibers during shingles. The rash and pain from shingles usually lasts about a month.
But in people with PHN, the pain from shingles may last for months, and sometimes years, after the shingles rash has healed.
Gastroenteritis (also known as gastric flu or stomach flu, although unrelated to influenza) is inflammation of the
gastrointestinal tract, involving both the stomach and the small intestine and resulting in acute diarrhea. It can be transferred
by contact with contaminated food and water.