Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bases Carrera Solar Atacama ENG
Bases Carrera Solar Atacama ENG
General Description
Carrera Solar Atacama is the first solar vehicle race in Latin America with
participating teams from all over the world. In the initial versions of the event the objective
was to traverse through the Atacama desert, which has the highest solar radiation levels on
earth. However in this new version the 2018 challenge will be better still, as for the first
time the race will extend from Santiago city, Chile to Arica in the north of Chile, covering
more than 2500 km, stopping in the main cities throughout the north of Chile.
The competition challenges teams to participate in different vehicle classes where
teams must show innovation, energy efficiency, develop electric mobility and above all use
their resources well. We challenge the participants in both their technical and logistic form,
where teamwork, discipline and perseverance are put to the test in the race.
Although this is a competition, the end goal is to generate a collaborative
environment, and form connections between conscientious students and professionals
driven to create a more sustainable society.
Carrera Solar Atacama is organised by La Ruta Solar, a non-profit organisation that
promotes changes towards sustainable energy across its initiatives and projects, to
stimulate young leaders and entrepreneurs. Through this event La Ruta Solar aims to boost
the national electric vehicle industry, so that we can achieve a future in which this mode of
transport becomes a reality, and create a developed and sustainable Chile that can lead as a
successful example for our Latin American neighbours.
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Spirit
Carrera Solar Atacama is a challenge that invites young minds from all over the
world to create a solar vehicle to tackle the driest desert in the world, with incredible
ascents and the highest irradiation levels on earth. The race centers around the passion to
develop sustainable technology, enabling us to be our own active agents of change, for a
more sustainable world. This is how we contribute to evolving traditional ¨motorsport¨ into
¨brainsport¨. The event´s structure and dynamic is based more on the idea and construction
of a reliable vehicle, in all senses of the word, rather than the traditional goals of rally cars,
built more with speed as the goal.
On the other hand the essence of the race originates in the ideas of collaboration,
generosity, self-reliance and innovation. Our greatest pride is NOT the vehicles that
compete, but the people behind them, driving them, supporting and surrounding them. Our
core capital is people and it is people that we value the most. And our participants hold the
same values. Our spirit fosters achievement, continual improvement and constant
challenge. But it also promotes camaraderie, collaboration and solidarity amongst the
competing teams; from giving a hand with a screwdriver to sharing helpful experiences and
knowledge.
With these values in mind and always taking the challenge one step further, we have
introduced a series of modifications that we hope will make the CSA2018 the most
attractive, safest and worthwhile race yet, for those who can keep up. One of the changes
we have thought about is how we can be more aligned with the World Solar Challenge and
the future standards of the ISF (International Solar Car Federation). Another modification we
have thought about is boosting and fostering the development of our small hybrid vehicle
platform, as this extends beyond the competition and bit by bit is becoming a useful part of
very specific emerging niches, within areas of tourism, delivery, courier and of course
recreation. Our aim is not to make the regulations too complex or difficult, simply we have
set it as such just to challenge our participants. We do it because we know that they will
meet the challenge and appreciate the opportunity to stand behind their prototype, test
their ideas and set the new benchmark and platform for future development
With this same idea and spirit in mind we ask that you read, take on and respect the
regulations, looking past the loopholes and reading the small print with a fine toothed
comb. You can critique, question, ask and contend...in order to make a contribution and
improve the quality of our race. Because we only organize the race, in the end you
complete it. You can draw from this guide and regulations to overcome the challenges in
the driest desert in the world, to ensure a clean and fair challenge.
Our best hope for groundbreaking innovation is…... all of youl!!
Welcome to a Carrera Solar Atacama 2018
Embrace the sun!!
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General Description 2
Administrative Regulations 7
Scope 7
Memorandums 7
Time Zone 7
Conduct of the Event 7
Eligibility 8
Entrant Obligation 8
Event Organiser 8
Appeals Council 9
Judges 9
Event Schedule 9
Event Entry 10
Entry Fee 10
Refunds 11
Cancellation of the event 11
Insurance 12
Team members 12
Team identification 13
Permits 13
Freight 14
Visas 14
Copyright and Intellectual Property 14
Sponsorship obligations 15
Media and promotional obligations 15
Compulsory documentation. 16
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Seats 26
Occupant Space 27
Safety-belts 28
Egress 29
Cooling and hydration 30
Forward and sideward vision 30
Rear vision 30
Steering 31
Stability 32
Brakes 32
Tyres 33
Reversing 34
Lighting 34
Audible warning device 36
Instrumentation 36
Automatic functions 37
Electrical safety 37
Electrical safe state 38
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Tracking 52
Solar car drivers and passengers 52
Driving conduct 52
Stopping 53
Obstructing other road users 54
Solar stops. 54
Overnight stops 55
Trailering 56
Withdrawal 56
Penalties 57
Protests and appeals 58
Annexes 63
Overtaking Protocol 63
Glossary 64
Acknowledgement 65
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1.4.2. The specific road instructions and directions will be contained in the
official Route Notes document, which once available will be part of
these regulations as of their publication.
1.4.3. All vehicles involved in the event must comply with the Chilean Transit
Law at all times, together with any instruction given by the Organiser
or Carabineros de Chile (local police force).
1.5. Eligibility
1.5.1. Vehicles considered fit to compete in Carrera Solar Atacama will be
those that comply with the technical and design criteria contained in
these regulations.
1.6. Entrant Obligation
1.6.1. Teams and persons seeking to enter the event declare that they know
and accept these regulations.
1.6.2. The team manager is responsible for all actions performed by its team
members and others associated to it.
1.6.3. All entrants and participants are expected to act in good faith in
conformity with these regulations.
1.6.4. Penalties (including disqualification) may be applied to any team that
diverts from the spirit of the event, through conducts that may result
in unfair advantage or discredit the event.
1.7. Event Organiser
1.7.1. The event is held and organised by La Ruta Solar.
Contact details:
Address: José Manuel Infante #2124, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
Office Phone: +56 2 2633 8050
E-mail: teams@larutasolar.com
Website: w ww.carrerasolar.com
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1.14.2. The organisers liability for costs incurred by an entrant are limited to
the amount of the entry fee received.
1.15. Insurance
1.15.1. The organisation will suggest an insurance broker that has a contract
that covers the mentioned policy, if selected by the team this price is
already included in the entrance fee. All teams are responsible for
their own personal accident insurance for all their team members,
therefore each team is welcome and able to contract any insurance
cover they see fit without consequence. The team can organise an
integral insurance for some of their vehicles by any means.
1.15.2. The premium must be presented in the Qualifiers.
1.16. Team members
1.16.1. Each team must include (but not be limited to):
● Team Manager
● Safety Officer
● Battery Officer
● an interpreter if the Team Manager is not proficient in English
and/or Spanish
● at least two and at most four solar car drivers
● at least two drivers for each support vehicle
● at most eight registered solar car passengers (for Cruiser class)
1.16.2. Each team member will be required to register online, and be
physically present at the time of the final registration in the
Scrutineering.
1.16.3. A person holding the position of Team Manager, Safety Officer or
Battery Officer may not hold any other of these roles.
1.16.4. Each solar car driver must hold an appropriate motor vehicle driver's
licence recognised by Chilean authorities, a valid licence from your
country of origin or an international driver's licence. Acceptable
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licences must include a photograph of the driver, state the class of
vehicles that the licence is valid for, and the expiration date.
1.16.5. Every solar car driver must have a minimum experience of 12 hours
driving the solar car, as demonstrated by the presentation of a log
book and a signed declaration by the team manager.
1.16.6. The supervision and responsibility of any team members under the
age of 18 years old lies with the team leader of the respective team.
The parents or legal guardians of any under 18 member must send a
written letter of consent in order for the minor to participate in the
event, duly authorized by the organisation.
1.17. Team identification
1.17.1. Team and solar car names will be taken from the online entry form.
1.17.2. A request to change entry details must be made in written by the
team manager to teams@larutasolar.com and will be subject to the
approval of the event organiser.
1.17.3. Each team will be allocated a team number on acceptance of entry.
1.17.4. Early entry applications may make a special request for the use of a
particular team number. Requested numbers should contain two
digits,
1.17.5. Allocation of any number is at the sole discretion of the event
organiser.
1.18. Permits
1.18.1. Solar cars entering Chile require a temporary import permit. The
organisation can suggest arrangements with Chilean Customs Agents
and will advise Chilean Customs of the race with the aim of facilitating
entry for the vehicles.
1.18.2. Import permit arrangements for other vehicles (including road trailers)
are the responsibility of the entrant.
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1.19. Freight
1.19.1. Authorized customs agents for the Servicoe de Aduanas de Chile
(Chilean custom services) can be found a the following link
http://www.aduana.cl/aduana/site/edic/base/port/agentes.html
1.20. Visas
1.20.1. The citizens of countries that are not from the following Argentina,
Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay and Peru, may
need a visa to enter Chile. The details on the visa requirements can be
found at the following page:
http://chile.gob.cl/tel-aviv/tramites/para-extranjeros/obtencion-visas
1.21. Copyright and Intellectual Property
1.21.1. La Ruta Solar is the owner of the Intellectual Property of the Event,
and owns the copyright and trademarks of the Carrera Solar Atacama.
1.21.2. To participate in the event the team accepts the free use of names,
photographs, videos and any graphic representation of their vehicles,
members and equipment in any published material developed by the
organisation or sponsoring companies and organisations.
1.21.3. The correct title of the event is Carrera Solar Atacama. All advertising,
promotion and published material produced for, or in connection, with
the participants or their sponsors, that make reference to the event,
must mention the event by its official name: ´Carrera Solar Atacama´.
All participants must promise to comply with this norm from the
moment the apply for the competition.
1.21.4. The official event logo will be published as an annex to these rules.
The use of the official logo will be specified in the manual for
corporate communications of the event.
1.21.5. Registered entrants and their sponsors wishing to use the official
names in non-commercial publicity may do so in accordance with the
requirements of the corporate guide.
1.21.6. Registered entrants and their sponsors wishing to use the official
name in a commercial context (ie merchandise offered for sale) must
seek the written permission of the event organiser.
1.21.7. Individual teams or their sponsors may not represent the ¨event¨
information as their own.
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1.22. Sponsorship obligations
1.22.1. During the event and during any related activity of the Carrera Solar
Atacama, teams may only have their logos published on their clothing
and vehicles. Any other manifestation could result in the
disqualification of the team by the organisation.
1.23. Media and promotional obligations
1.23.1. Teams must attend official media calls with the solar car and any
other team vehicles or equipment as requested.
1.23.2. Registered entrants must notify the event organiser of public or media
promotional activities held for or on behalf of their attendance in the
event, not less than 7 days prior to the activity taking place.
Commercial In Confidence and media embargos will be honoured.
1.23.3. Media travelling with or in support of any team must meet, and act, in
accordance with the event media accreditation requirements.
1.23.4. Entrants will be held accountable, through the application of event
penalties, for the unacceptable actions of media representatives
travelling with or in support of their team, whether registered as such
or not.
1.23.5. Registered entrants who maintain an internet presence are required to
provide a link to the official Carrera Solar Atacama website:
www.carrerasolar.com
1.23.6. By entering the event, entrants implicitly agree to the use, in
perpetuity, of their names, images, depictions and technical data of
their vehicles, equipment and crew, in any publicity material generated
by the event, its sponsors or licensees.
1.23.7. The creation and use of any sound recordings or still or moving
images of the event used for commercial gain or public performance
by the entrant or their sponsors are subject to the prior written
approval of the event organiser, and any terms and conditions
imposed as part of the approval process. Teams are advised to contact
the event organiser prior to entering into any commitment (for
example as a condition of individual team sponsorship) for any such
commercial arrangement, as failure to observe these conditions may
lead to Breach of Copyright action.
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2. Technical Regulations
2.1. Classes
2.1.1. Carrera Solar Atacama® 2018 will have three solar car classes:
● Challenger: Single occupant 4 wheeled solar car.
● Cruiser: Multiple occupant 4 wheeled solar car.
● Adventure: For vehicles that don't meet the current regulations
of the Challenger or Cruiser category. This category is not
competitive.
2.2. Dimensions
2.2.1. When driving in a straight line, the solar car must fit inside a right
rectangular prism 5000 mm long, 2200 mm wide and 1600 mm high,
with the base of the prism coincident with the ground.
2.2.2. The eyes of every occupant must be more than 700 mm above the
ground.
2.2.3. The fully-laden solar car must be able to drive off a road with a 50
mm vertical edge drop without any part of the body touching the
ground.
2.2.4. Future International Solar Car Federation (ISF) regulations will allow
supplementary solar collectors for some events. Challenger Class
solar cars must include internal space to carry supplementary solar
collectors: 2 m2 if the main solar collector uses Si cells, 1.78m2 if the
main solar collector uses thin film GaAS cells, or 1.32 m2 if the main
solar collector uses multijunction cells. Supplementary solar
collectors will not be allowed in the 2018 Carrera Solar Atacama,this
space must be empty.
2.3. Wheels
2.3.1. Challenger and Cruiser solar cars must be supported by four wheels:
two front wheels and two rear wheels. Points of contact between the
tyres and the road must be symmetrical about the longitudinal
centreline of the solar car.
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2.3.2. For Challenger and Cruiser solar cars, the distance between the front
tyre centres and the distance between the rear tyre centres must be
more than half the width of the solar car.
2.4. Solar Collector
2.4.1. The primary energy source for a solar car is solar irradiation collected
by the solar car. A standard solar collector uses photovoltaic cells
without reflectors or concentrators. Teams wishing to use some other
form of solar collector must contact the Organiser.
2.4.2. If the solar collector comprises photovoltaic cells all of the same
chemistry and used without concentrators such as reflectors or lenses
the the total cell area, found by summing the exposed surface areas of
the component photovoltaic cells, must not exceed the allowable total
cell area:
Class PV Cell Chemistry Allowable Total Cell
Area (m2)
multijunction 2,64
multijunction 3,30
2.4.3. Teams must provide calculations that demonstrate compliance to the
rule 2.4.2 eg the area of a SunPower E60 cell is less than 0.01534m²,
and so the area of 260 cells is less t.an 3.989m² .
2.4.4. If the solar collector comprises photovoltaic cells used with
concentrators such as reflectors or lenses then the total aperture of
the solar collector must not exceed the allowable total cell area, by
cell chemistry, for non-concentrator photovoltaic solar collectors.
Teams wishing to use concentrator photovoltaic solar collectors must
contact the event organiser for more information.
2.4.5. Teams wishing to use other solar collector types, or a mix of solar
collector types, must contact the event organiser and provide details
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of their proposed collector. Useable power should be equivalent to
that of a non-concentrator photovoltaic solar collector.
2.4.6. All devices used for solar charging must be carried in the solar car.
This includes stands, supports and cables.
2.5. Energy storage
2.5.1. A solar car may store energy. A standard energy storage system uses
rechargeable electrochemical cells. Teams wishing to use some other
form of energy storage must contact the event organiser.
2.5.2. If the energy storage system comprises rechargeable electrochemical
cells all of the same chemistry then the allowable total cell mass for
Challenger and Adventure solar cars is:
Electrochemical Cell Chemisty Total permitted Cell Mass (kg)
Li-S 15.00
Li-ion 20.00
Li-polymer 20.00
LiFePo₄ 40.00
2.5.3. Teams must contact the event organiser for the allowable total cell
mass if other cell chemistries or a mix of cell chemistries is proposed.
2.5.4. The allowable total cell mass of rechargeable electrochemical cells is
not restricted for Cruiser solar cars. However, the external energy used
by a Cruiser class solar car, including the energy stored at the start,
will contribute to its energy efficiency score.
2.5.5. The nominal mass of each cell must be specified and endorsed by the
manufacturer.
2.5.6. Specifications from third party suppliers or found on the internet
might not match those endorsed by manufacturers.
2.5.7. If the event organiser receives conflicting or unclear specifications of
nominal cell mass for a particular cell model, the organisation along
with the Technical assessors will determine the nominal cell mass for
cells of that model.
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any cell from a pack without breaking the seal. Seals will be provided
by, and fitted by, the event organiser at scrutineering.
2.6. Vehicle identification
2.6.1. Solar cars must have a flat vertical surface 220 mm wide and 110mm
high on which a rear licence plate will be mounted. The licence plate
must be readable from every position behind the licence plate in the
range 15° up, 0° down, 45° left and 45° right.
2.7. Signage
2.7.1. Unbroken rectangular spaces 200 mm high and 500 mm wide must
be provided on both the left and the right sides of the solar car
for event signage. Event signage will be provided by the event
organiser at scrutineering. The Organisation will use this space at the
vehicle presentation event, the qualifiers, race and the award
ceremony. During this time the space can not be altered by the team.
2.7.2. All the participating vehicles in the event (solar cars, escorts and
associates) will be given a unique identification number, of 200 mm X
150 mm, provided by the organisation. This must be stuck to the body
of the car in a clearly visible manner.
2.7.3. The free spaces on body of the vehicle described in the points 2.7.1 and
2.7.2 must be completely visible and not covered or shadowed by the
sun at midday, and visible from a distance of 3 m perpendicular to the
side of the solar car. The space must be 1.8 m above the ground. These
spaces must be shown in the 3D render that you send to the
organisation on the required date and are subject to approval.
2.7.4. Solar cars must have an area free for signage on the solar car body at
the front of the car. The projection of a 600 mm ⨉ 150 mm
rectangle onto the solar car body, perpendicular to the plane of
the rectangle (see the diagram below), must fit entirely within the
front signage area. The entire front signage area must be visible in
plan view and in front elevation view, and must not overlap with the
solar collector. Part of the front signage area must be further forward
than every part of the solar collector. A 200 × 150 mm event logo
must be placed within the front signage area; artwork or a sticker will
be provided by the event organiser. The front signage area should also
include the name of the team or the name of the car.
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2.7.5. The national flag of the country of entry must be displayed on the
solar car, adjacent to the windscreen. Minimum size is 70 mm × 40
mm.
2.8. Ballast
2.8.1. The weight of each of the occupants must be at least 80kgs, including
clothing, helmet and body protections.
2.8.2. In the event that one of the occupants weighs less than 80 kgs, the
team must place a ballast to balance and ensure the weight is 80kgs
total. This must be presented in the qualifiers and approved by the
Organisation.
2.8.3. The ballast must be firmly secured to the structure of the vehicle and
must not be a significant risk to the driver, passenger or any other
person, and it must be placed in an area accessible by the observer.
2.8.4. In the event that a ballast is required the occupant must use it at all
times while they are in the vehicle.
2.8.5. The ballast can not be consumable or an otherwise functional part of
the vehicle.
2.9. Tracker
2.9.1. The Organisation will distribute a GPS tracker to be used on the route
to verify the speed and location of teams during the race. This will be
placed in the competing vehicle and must be placed in an area close to
the driver, as arranged by the team. The device will be automatic and
will not occupy a space larger tht 200x150x100 mm and will not weigh
more than 5 kgs.
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2.9.2. The tracker unit must be returned to the organiser at the conclusion of
the event.
2.9.3. The installation and removal of this device must be completed by an
official of the organisation.
2.10. Safety
2.10.1. Teams are responsible for the safety and roadworthiness of their solar
cars. Compliance with the regulations and passing scrutineering does
not mean that a solar car is safe, roadworthy, and fit for purpose.
2.10.2. Each team must engage a professional engineer, who must certify that
the solar car is designed and constructed using sound engineering
practice, and is roadworthy and fit for purpose.
2.10.3. The event organisers may, at any stage, remove a solar car from the
event if they consider the solar car or the behaviour of the team to be
unsafe.
2.11. Occupant Cell
2.11.1. Solar car occupants must be enclosed in an occupant cell designed to
protect them from injury.
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2.12.3. Each solar car occupant must have a seat that faces forward at an
angle less than 10° from the forward direction of travel.
2.12.4. Each seat must have a back and a head restraint. The distance from
the hip point to the top of the head restraint must be at least 800 mm
for front seats and at least 750 mm for rear seats. The hip point
may be approximated as shown in the diagram below.
2.12.5. Each occupant’s heels must be below their hip point.
2.12.6. The angle between each occupant’s shoulders, hips and knees must be
more than 90°.
2.13. Occupant Space
2.13.1. The occupant space must comply with the following diagram. The
835mm radius arm must be able to move 45° forwards, 25°
backwards and 7° either side of vertical. The solar car structure,
including the windscreen, must lie wholly outside the occupant space.
The steering wheel, mirrors, seatbacks and head restraints may be
inside the occupant space, but must be designed to minimise the risk
of injury in a crash. This minimum occupant space requirement is
based on a 50-percentile male and does not allow for a helmet. Taller
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2.14. Safety-belts
2.14.1. Each seat in the vehicle must be fitted with it's own safety-belt. The
safety-belts must be compliant with one of the following standards:
● UNECE Regulation 16
● US FMVSS 571.209
● SFI 16.1
● SFI 16.5
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● FAI 8853/98.
2.14.2. The safety belts must be fixed to at least 4 points of the structure.
2.14.3. Safety-belts must be fitted and used according to manufacturer's
instructions.
2.14.4. Safety-belt anchorages must meet the intent of UNECE Regulation 14.
In particular:
● upper anchorages for each seat must withstand a force of 13.5
kN applied to the upper safety-belt straps
● lower anchorages for each seat must withstand a force of 13.5
kN applied to the lower safety-belt straps
● the location of anchor points must comply with the instructions
of the safety-belt manufacturer, or with UNECE Regulation 14
Annex 3.
2.14.5. Compliance must be confirmed by the team’s certifying engineer
2.15. Egress
2.15.1. Teams must demonstrate that all occupants can exit the solar car in
less than 15 seconds, without assistance .
2.15.2. Doors and canopies must be capable of being secured and released
from inside the solar car and from outside the solar car.
2.15.3. Emergency openings, and the methods of opening, must be clearly
indicated on the exterior of the solar car, and be visible to an
emergency services first responder.
2.15.4. Except in emergency, occupants must exit the solar car without
assistance during the event.
2.16. Cooling and hydration
2.16.1. Each solar car occupant must be provided with ventilation or cooling
sufficient to ensure that they will not overheat. The team must
describe the system and have it approved by their certifying engineer.
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2.16.2. Each solar car occupant must have at least two litres of drinking water
in the solar car at the beginning of each day and when departing each
control stop
2.17. Forward and sideward vision
2.17.1. Each driver, when seated in the normal driving position with
safety-belt and helmet on, must be able to identify 75 mm high letters
at every point of forward travel that is:
● 4 m from the driver’s eyes, and
● between 0.4 m below eye level and 0.7 m above eye level, and
● between 100° left and 100° right of the direction of travel.
2.17.2. Forward and sideward vision must be achieved without the aid of
mirrors, lenses or electronic vision systems
2.17.3. The windscreen used for forward and sideward vision must have an
optical transmittance more than 75%.
2.17.4. Traffic light colours must discernable through the windscreen
2.18. Rear vision
2.18.1. The solar car must have rear vision systems that enable the driver,
when seated in the normal driving position with the safety-belt
fastened, to see the ground in the shaded areas shown in the diagrams
below (UNECE Regulation 46, Section 15)
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2.18.2. Rear vision systems may be electronic, mirrors, or both. Rear vision
systems must operate whenever the solar car is in motion under its
own power. Rear vision images must be oriented so that objects on the
right of the solar car are on the right of the image.
2.19. Steering
2.19.1. Steering must be controlled by a steering wheel designed so that it
cannot catch on clothing while driving or when the driver exits the
solar car.
2.19.2. Failure of any non-mechanical component of the steering system
must not prevent effective steering of the solar car.
2.19.3. Steering shafts must be designed so that they will not spear the driver
in a crash. A collapsible boss is an acceptable method to reduce
steering wheel impacts.
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2.20. Stability
2.20.1. Solar cars must be able to negotiate a Figure-8 course in less than 9
seconds per side and less than 18 seconds overall.
2.20.2. Solar cars must be able to negotiate a slalom course in less than 11.5
seconds.
2.20.3. The solar car must be stable at all achievable speeds and in
crosswinds. Wind gusts exceeding 100 km/h are possible.
2.21. Brakes
2.21.1. The braking system must be approved by the team’s certifying
engineer.
2.21.2. The solar car must be equipped with independent primary and
secondary mechanical braking systems, so that if the primary system
fails the secondary system can still stop the solar car.
2.21.3. Independent braking systems may share components deemed ‘not
liable to failure’ provided that they are amply dimensioned and readily
accessible for maintenance. Components ‘not liable to failure’ are:
● a brake pedal and its bearing
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2.22.3. The tyres must be apt for use on the highway, capable of supporting
the load and forces placed on the weight of the vehicle (including the
occupant), its speed and braking.
2.22.4. The use of bicycle tyres is strictly prohibited
2.22.5. The tyre wheels that are arranged in the same axis must be the same
type.
2.22.6. The speed rating of the tyres must be more than the maximum speed
of the solar car. The load rating of the tyres must be more than the
fully-laden solar car.
2.22.7. Tyres must be used in accordance with their manufacturer's
recommendations at all times.
2.22.8. Tyres must be free of any apparent defect.
2.23. Reversing
2.23.1. Solar cars must be able to be driven backwards under their own power
with the driver seated in the normal position.
2.24. Lighting
2.24.1. Solar cars must be fitted with:
● Two frontal road lamps
● two rear stop lamps
● one central stop lamp
● left and right front direction indicator lamps
● left and right side direction indicator lamps
● left and right rear direction indicator lamps
2.24.2. Stop lamps must emit red light. Direction indicator lamps must emit
amber light. The road lights can be white or yellow.
2.24.3. Lamps must be compliant with UNECE Regulations 6, 7 and 37, or the
SAE/DOT equivalents. Teams must demonstrate compliance by either:
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2.24.7. Front and rear direction indicator lamps must be within 400mm of the
extreme outer edge of the solar car on each side, at least 600 mm
apart (at least 400 mm apart if the solar car is less than 1300 mm
wide), and at least 350 mm above the ground.
2.24.8. Side direction indicator lamps must be less than 1800 mm behind the
front most part of the solar car.
2.24.9. Direction indicator lamps must be visible 15° up and 5° down. Minimum
horizontal visibility requirements of the right direction indicator lamps
are shown in the following diagram)
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2.24.10. Direction indicators must flash at 90±30 flashes per minute.
2.24.11. It must be possible to flash the left and right direction indicator lamps
simultaneously, as a hazard warning signal.
2.25. Audible warning device
2.25.1. The vehicle must contain an audible warning device (ie horn), with
enough intensity to warn other vehicles and people of its presence.
Sound pressure level must be more than LA = 105 dB measured 2 m
from the horn. The horn should be mounted so that solar car
occupants are not subjected to excessive sound pressure levels.
2.25.2. The device must emit a continuous and uniform sound
2.26. Instrumentation
2.26.1. The following information must be provided to the driver at all times
while driving:
● the speed of the solar car
● whether the direction indicators are operating
● whether the hazard lights are operating
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2.28.6. The high-voltage symbol must also be visible on any enclosure or
barrier that can be accessed without using tools, if removing the
enclosure or barrier exposes high-voltage parts.
2.28.7. The resistance between any exposed conductive part and each
terminal of the energy storage system must exceed 100 V ohms,
where V is the nominal voltage of the energy storage system. This is
equivalent to a maximum leakage current of 10 mA.
2.28.8. The resistance between any exposed conductive part and each
terminal of every solar cell must exceed 100 V ohms, where V is the
maximum circuit voltage of the solar collector.
2.28.9. Exposed carbon fibre is considered to be an exposed conductive part
and so must be isolated from the energy storage system and from the
solar collector
2.28.10. Each energy storage pack must be protected by a fuse or
circuit-breaker rated to interrupt the short-circuit fault current of the
pack. This fuse or circuit-breaker must be mounted in or on the energy
storage pack.
2.29. Electrical safe state
2.29.1. The solar car must have a ‘safe state’ which minimises the risk of
electrical fire and electric shock to occupants, team members,
emergency response personnel, and bystanders. When in the safe
state:
● there must not be a high voltage across any pair of conductors
emerging from energy storage packs or from the solar
collector
● every conductor emerging from each energy storage pack
must be galvanically isolated from every energy storage cell
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3. The Pursuit
3.1. Supervision
3.1.1. The Organiser is responsible for supervising on-road activities.
3.1.2. Communication with the Organiser must be made through the judges
and official personnel (with red shirts).
3.2. Safety
3.2.1. The team manager must appoint a safety officer to be responsible for
the general safety of the team (see also regulation 1.16.3)
3.2.2. The team manager must appoint a battery officer to be responsible for
the safe operation of batteries and for supervising response to any
battery emergency (see also regulation 1.16.3).
3.2.3. Battery incident response kits must be readily available to the solar
car and any other vehicle carrying solar car batteries.
3.2.4. Each team must have at least one member holding a recognised
first-aid certificate, current for the duration of the event. This person
must travel in the front or rear escort vehicle.
3.2.5. It is the responsibility of each team to ensure that the vehicles under
their control are maintained in a safe, roadworthy condition and are
operated safely and within the law at all times.
3.2.6. All solar cars and escort vehicles are operated and driven at the
team’s own risk.
3.2.7. The Organiser may exclude any team from the event at any time if any
team member operates a solar car or any other vehicle in an unsafe
manner.
3.2.8. Teams must look after the health and safety of their team members.
Fatigue and dehydration are serious hazards in this event. This is
especially relevant to drivers, particularly those of solar cars.
3.2.9. Drivers, team members, officials and observers are to be drug free and
maintain a blood alcohol level less than 0.01% whilst engaged in any
duties associated with the event.
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3.3. Safety-belts
3.3.1. The use of safety-belts is mandatory for all occupants of solar cars.
3.4. Helmets
3.4.1. Each occupant of a solar car must wear an approved motorcycle
helmet securely fitted and fastened in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
3.4.2. Helmets must meet the minimum requirements of one of the
following safety regulations and its respective requirements:
● United States Department of Transportation (DOT).
● Snell Memorial Foundation (M2010 Helmet Standard For Use in
Motorcycling, 2010).
● United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE
22.05).
● Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS T 8133, año 2000).
● Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 1698:2006
3.4.3. Helmets must not be modified, have unauthorised attachments or be
used in any way contrary to the manufacturer’s instructions.
3.5. Safety equipment
3.5.1. Suitable and appropriate safety equipment must be carried at all
times. The minimum safety equipment that must be carried in the rear
escort vehicle is:
● A first-aid kit
● Safety glasses and gloves for handling batteries.
● At least two hazard warning cones.
● Two yellow warning flags, minimum size 300mm x 300 mm
● Suitable fire extinguishers
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● Fire blankets
● Sand (or similar material) for extinguishing fires
● A spade
● Suitable containers for damaged electrochemical cells
● Safety vests
● Two whistles.
3.6. Support vehicles
3.6.1. Each team must supply a front and a rear escort vehicle, a means of
transporting the solar car, and sufficient additional vehicles to
transport and support the team and its equipment during the event.
3.6.2. The minimum requirement for transporting the solar car is a suitable
truck or trailer, which must accompany the team throughout the
journey.
3.6.3. Each solar car must, at all times when in motion on the route, be
accompanied by two escort vehicles, at all time.
3.6.4. A minimum of two drivers must be available for every vehicle
associated with the team.
3.6.5. The rear escort vehicle must not be a bus, truck or large campervan,
or be towing a trailer.
3.7. Escort vehicle signage
3.7.1. All team vehicles must carry a sign, visible from 30 m to the rear,
stating the name and team number of the team to which they belong.
3.7.2. All teams must carry a sign, visible from 30 meters, with their
assigned radio channel for communication.
3.7.3. A warning sign larger than 900mm x 300 mm with black lettering on
a yellow background, clearly visible from a distance of 30 m, must be
displayed on the rear of the rear escort vehicle, stating:
PRECAUCIÓN: VEHÍCULO SOLAR ADELANTE
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3.7.4. No vehicle other than the rear escort vehicle may carry such a sign
described in the previous item (3.7.3)
3.7.5. Front and rear escort vehicles must be fitted with amber flashing
lights visible from all directions at a distance of at least 200m in
daylight.
3.8. Communication
3.8.1. Every solar car must have means of two-way voice radio
communication with its rear escort vehicle when driving.
3.8.2. Each team must carry a satellite telephone, and notify the event
organiser of its number. This notification will be required at
registration. An external antenna is usually required when using a
satellite telephone in a vehicle.
3.8.3. The rear and front escort vehicles (minimum) must have radio
frequencies FRS/GMRS (walkie talkies).. These radios must be
compatible and use the same assigned channels as one of the
following models:
● Motorola MR350R/MR355R,
● 22 Channels Motorola MC220 MR,
● 22 Channels Motorola T5720,
3.8.4. The channel frequency to be used by each team will be assigned by
the Organisation and must be kept throughout the entire competition. .
3.9. Preparation and testing
3.9.1. The organisation will provide installations in order to meet the
qualifying tests (the next versions of the regulations will specify the
place)
3.9.2. Any team driving a solar car on a public road without a permit is liable
to civil penalties and exclusion from the event.
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3.10. Scrutineering
3.10.1. Scrutineering is an event in the days prior to the competition in which
the registered teams and their vehicles subjected to different technical
tests, to ensure that they meet the technical requirements and safety
standards set in these regulations.
3.10.2. Scrutineering contains three stages of evaluation: administrative
checks, technical inspection tests (stationary, dynamic and safety)
3.10.3. All the participants must attend the whole process with their team to
complete the accreditation process, and to present their solar car for
the technical inspection process.
3.10.4. The location of the accreditation and stationary tests will be stated in
the next update of the regulations.
3.10.5. Teams must be present for the accreditation process and technical
inspection with:
● The team captain / leader and an interpreter if required.
● All of the drivers for the solar car and escort cars and
associates, with their drivers licences and their declaration of
the required minimum driving experience.
● Permission from a legal guardian for members under the age
of 18.
● All of the solar vehicle passengers.
● Team security supervisor
● Team battery supervisor
● The solar vehicle, in optimal running condition.
● The leading escort vehicle and the rear escort vehicle, including
the towing vehicle that will be used with the rear escort vehicle,
with their up to date documentation and in optimum running
condition.
● The towing vehicle for the solar car or transport vehicle that
will be used during the event to transport the solar car.
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3.11.3. Up to seven members of a team (including an interpreter and any
team media personnel) may accompany the solar car on the
scrutineering space assigned for the team. Team members may be
substituted between inspection stations.
3.11.4. Some dismantling may be required to facilitate inspection of the
following components:
● Mechanical systems (including seats, tyres, brakes and
steering)
● Electrical systems
● Energy storage system
3.11.5. Dismantling and reassembly of the solar car when required to
facilitate inspection of the solar car must be conducted in a reasonable
time (in the sole opinion of the Judges)
3.11.6. Checks and inspections with the solar car in a road-ready configuration
will include, but not limited to:
● signage
● dimensions
● Solar collector type and size
● Egress (all solar car drivers and passengers are required)
● Vision (all solar car drivers are required)
● Lights, indicators and horn.
● Lights, indicators and horn
● Weighing the solar car.
3.11.7. All energy storage devices must be declared at static scrutineering.
Failure to declare any energy storage device may lead to
disqualification.
3.11.8. The mass of each solar car driver or passenger, with helmet and
driving clothes, will be determined at scrutineering. If the mass of a
driver or passenger is less than 80 kg, ballast provided by the event
organiser will be added to make up the difference. No credit will be
given if a driver or passenger weighs more than 80 kg. Deliberate
consumption of excessive food and drink prior to weigh-in is not in
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keeping with the spirit of the event and may be hazardous to the
health of the individual.
3.11.9. Drivers and passengers may be weighed at any time during the event.
If there is a weight change that is considered unreasonable by the
organisation, the team could be subject to penalties.
3.11.10. Non-compliance penalties may be imposed at the absolute discretion
of the Judges, and may include failure to qualify.
3.12. Dynamic scrutineering
3.12.1. Dynamic scrutineering exercises will test the speed, stability and
braking capability of the solar car. These tests will include, but are not
limited to the following:
● Turning.
● Reverse.
● Short distance brake
● Long distance brake
● Maneuverability.
● Track performance.
● Minimum speed of 60 km/h verification.
3.12.2. No solar car may be submitted for dynamic scrutineering without
having first passed static scrutineering.
3.12.3. Solar cars must complete dynamic scrutineering in road-ready
condition and with occupant ballast in place.
3.12.4. Cruiser class solar cars must complete dynamic scrutineering with all
seats occupied.
3.12.5. No solar car will be given permission to start the event until it has
passed dynamic scrutineering. If a solar car fails the dynamic tests
they will need to present themselves again for scrutineering before
the end of the classification period, once the rest of the vehicles have
been evaluated.
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● To be satisfied that the energy storage system cannot be
charged or interfered with between sunset and sunrise, except
as allowed for Cruiser class solar cars.
● To notify to the Judges at the earliest opportunity if any breach
of regulations is suspected, energy storage cells or modules
have been changed or an energy storage system seal is broken,
or if they have any concerns about the actions of the team.
3.15.3. Observers are not permitted to interpret regulations or give advice to
teams.
3.15.4. Each team’s responsibilities to the observer are:
● Provide lodging for the accompanying observer with you
overnight, to an equal or higher standard to the rest of the
team, with consideration for the space required for their
luggage.
● To provide reasonable food for the observer at least three
times a day, and such drinking water as the observer may
require.
● To provide a proper seat in the rear escort vehicle.
● To provide space for the observer’s luggage in the rear escort
vehicle.
● To not make any demands of the observer to assist team
operations.
3.15.5. Throughout the length of the competition the observer should be
seated in the passenger seat of the rear escort vehicle. The team
captain be in the same vehicle.
3.15.6. The observer has the right to decide whether they will continue with
the team if they do not feel comfortable. They can ask to be dropped
at the closest solar stop. After which a new observer will be assigned
by the organisation.
3.15.7. It is absolutely prohibited to race or progress in any part of the
competition route without an assigned observer.
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3.17.5. Damaged energy storage cells may be bypassed, but must not be
removed from the energy storage system unless it would be unsafe to
leave them in. Cells removed must be replaced by ballast with mass
greater than the mass of the removed cells. If a solar car is unable to
continue because too many cells have been damaged, the team may,
with the event organiser’s permission, replace cells and continue the
event in Adventure class.
3.18. Route
3.18.1. The race route will commence on the streets of Santiago and continue
up to the north of Chile, with a total distance of approximately 2500
km
3.18.2. A hard copy of the official route book will be handed out to each of the
registered team. It will be each team's responsibility to download
additional online copies.
3.18.3. Mandatory solar stops will be established along the route. The
locations of the control stops will be published in the official route
notes.
3.18.4. Any detour signs erected by the civil authorities must be observed and
the correct route re-joined at the first opportunity.
3.18.5. The event organiser may change the course at any time.
3.19. Timing
3.19.1. The official start time on day 1 will be 08:30 for all teams.
3.19.2. The official start time each day after day 1 is 08:00. The official finish
time each day is 17:00.
3.19.3. If the solar car is driven after the daily finish time, a penalty will apply.
If it is between 1 - 10 minutes (including the tenth minute) the penalty
will consist of 1 minute for every additional minute. The additional
minutes, starting from the 11th minute, will have a penalty of two
minutes. These penalties will be determined and set at the official start
time the next day, for the penalized team. EG if the team finishes at
17:07 in day 2, the official start for day 3 will be 08:07. If the team
finishes at 17:13 of day 2, the official start time for day 3 will be
adjusted for 1x10 + 2 x 3, therefore they would start at 08:16
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3.19.4. A solar car starting before its official start time will be subject to a
penalty of 2 minutes for each offending minute.
3.20. Tracking
3.20.1. Each solar car must carry a data logging and tracking device provided
by the event organiser. The specifications of the tracking devices are
described in Regulations 2.9
3.20.2. Information concerning progress and operations of solar cars may be
published during the event.
3.20.3. Satellite tracking data will not be accepted as basis for inter-team
protests.
3.21. Solar car drivers and passengers
3.21.1. Only solar car drivers may drive the solar car during event hours.
3.21.2. When driving, ballast must be carried in accordance with the
provisions of Regulation 2.8.
3.22. Driving conduct
3.22.1. Each team must ensure that all vehicles associated with their
attendance at the event are driven in a careful and courteous manner
at all times.
3.22.2. Overtaking must be done in a safe manner and take into account
prevailing conditions. A team who wishes to overtake another team
must communicate with them via radio, and both teams must
maintain communication during the manoeuvre. Details for overtaking
are specified in Anexo: Overtaking protocols.
3.22.3. The organiser reserves the right to determine if any individual is acting
de facto as part of a team. .
3.22.4. The front and rear escort vehicles must have their amber flashing
lights operating whenever they are escorting the solar car. Support
vehicles must not have amber flashing lights operating if they are not
(directly) escorting the solar car.
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3.24. Obstructing other road users
3.24.1. Vehicles associated with a team must not obstruct other road users,
including other teams. Infringement of this regulation will incur a
penalty for each incident.
3.24.2. To avoid obstructing other road users, each driver of a team vehicle
other than the solar car and front and rear escort vehicles must leave
at least 200 metres of space in front of their vehicle so that other road
users can overtake and occupy the space in front of them. If it is safe
to do so and will help clear traffic building up behind a vehicle, drivers
of team support vehicles should pull off the road to allow other road
users to pass..
3.25. Solar stops.
3.25.1. Solar cars must stop for 30 minutes at designated control stops,
called Solar Stops, along the route. The locations of the Solar stops
will be specified in the official route notes provided by the event
organiser.
3.25.2. All vehicles must obey Solar stop speed limits.
3.25.3. Teams must obey all directions given by the solar stop manager.
3.25.4. Once all occupants are out of the car, the arriving driver, alone, may
reconfigure the car for charging before solar stop timing commences.
3.25.5. Solar stop timing commences when the arriving driver activates the
Solar stop timing system.
3.25.6. No team member, including the driver, may touch the solar car during
the 30 minutes of the solar stop. The solar car may reconfigure itself.
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3.25.7. Control stop timing concludes when the departing driver deactivates
the control stop timing system.
3.25.8. The departing driver, alone, may (after deactivating the control stop
timing system) reconfigure the car for driving.
3.25.9. The departing car will not be allowed to leave until the observer has
confirmed that the ballast and drinking water is in place, the seat belt
is fastened, the helmet is secured and the solar car is ready for the
load.
3.26. Overnight stops
3.26.1. An overnight stop commences when the team stops driving for the
day, and finishes when the team starts driving the next day.
3.26.2. The selection (and any cost) of overnight stop locations is the
responsibility of each team.
3.26.3. At overnight stops, the solar car and all other vehicles must be parked
in such a manner that they, and all team activities, are conducted at
least 10 metres from the edge of any road.
3.26.4. If a team's overnight camp is not immediately adjacent to the road, a
marker cone must be placed on the roadside adjacent to the point the
team exited the official route.
3.26.5. The observer, with the team manager, must place a mark on the road
to indicate the position at which the solar car stopped. The mark will
be the starting line for the following morning.
3.26.6. The solar car must be driven, pushed by hand or carried by hand
between the stopping location and its solar charging location.
3.26.7. There are no restrictions on the number of team members used to
reconfigure the solar collector for charging at overnight stops.
3.26.8. At sunset, Challenger teams must either:
● remove energy storage packs from their solar car and place
them in the lockable box in a position acceptable to the
observer, or
● close the car with the energy storage system inside and cease
all work on the car.
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3.26.9. Cruiser teams may elect to charge their energy storage system from
an external source supplied or arranged by the team. The team
manager must tell the observer that they will be charging, and the
observer will record in the logbook that the team had recharged.
3.26.10. If a Cruiser team elects to not charge from an external source
overnight then the team must either:
● remove all energy storage packs from their solar car and place
them in the lockable box in a position acceptable to the
observer, or
● close the car with the energy storage system inside and cease
all work on the car.
3.26.11. Teams will be given access to their energy storage packs 15 minutes
before sunrise (6:45am).
3.27. Trailering
The term ‘trailering’ applies to any means of transport used to carry the solar
car.
3.27.1. Teams unable to maintain a minimum speed of 60 km/h on the open
road or unable to drive to the next control stop before it closes must
stop and transport their solar car forward to the next open control
stop and await further instructions from the Course Officials
3.27.2. The Course officials may allow the team to continue in the
(non-competitive) Adventure class.
3.27.3. The solar car must be in a safe state at all times while being
transported.
3.28. Withdrawal
3.28.1. A team may withdraw by forwarding a withdrawal form (available
from the observer) to the competition judges. The solar car may be
transported to the finish line to take part in the displays and the
awards ceremony.
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3.29. Penalties
3.29.1. The judges may impose penalty points to any team that breaches the
regulations.
3.29.2. Each demerit point given to a Challenger team will also incur a time
penalty of 30 minutes, to be served at a solar stop nominated by the
Clerk of the Course. All Challenger time penalties must be served
before arriving at the finish line.
3.29.3. Each demerit point given to a Cruiser team will also reduce the team’s
relative energy efficiency score (E/E*) by 0.0125.
3.29.4. A team accruing three or more demerit points will be excluded from
the remainder of the event.
3.29.5. The judges may impose operational restrictions(such as speed
restrictions) on any team.
3.29.6. At any time during the event, the judges may issue a penalty of one
demerit point in response to any of the following behaviours noted by
an observer or reported by an official:
● obstructing other road users
● stopping on the road (other than when required by traffic
conditions)
● poor safety protocols (e.g., safety flags, whistles etc.)
● overnight activities too close to the road
● driving without both front and rear escort vehicles
● escort vehicles driving without visible flashing lights
● driving without effective rear vision.
3.29.7. The judges will determine penalties for offences including:
● slipstreaming or pressure wave pushing
● failure to follow the route instructions
● failure to observe a request by police or event officials
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electrochemical battery is the sum of the nominal cell masses in
kilograms multiplied by:
● 330 Wh kg-1 for Li-S cells
● 250 Wh kg-1 for Li-ion cells
● 250 Wh kg-1 for Li-polymer cells
● 125 Wh kg-1 for LiFePO4 cells.
4.4.9. The nominal energy capacity of other types of energy storage systems
will be determined by the Organisation and the Advisor Board.
4.4.10. Person-kilometre distance is the sum of the distances travelled by
drivers and passengers in the solar car between the start line and the
finish line. Person-kilometres will be counted for each seat that is
occupied for a complete leg between consecutive control stops (each
seat must be occupied during the whole stretch).
4.4.11. Cruiser teams that do not complete the race or arrive after the
specified time window will be given an energy efficiency score of zero.
4.4.12. The practicality score for a Cruiser team will be determined by a panel
of judges appointed by the organiser. Features that will contribute to
the practicality score include:
● ease of access and egress
● occupant space and comfort
● ease of operation (driving and charging)
● versatility
● style
● suitability for the declared purpose.
Judges will want to get into each Cruiser solar car and test the space
and comfort. Cruiser solar, cars that are difficult to get into will score
poorly, which will reduce the overall score.
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5. Annexes
5.1. Overtaking Protocol
5.1.1. Below are examples of how to overtake during the race. All teams
must follow these protocols in order to overtake in a safe manner
during the race.
5.1.2. In the event that team 2 (equipo 2 in the diagram) reaches team 1
(equipo 1 in the diagram) team 2 can pass team 1 if they reach a speed
with which they can overtake. Team 2 must not surpass the maximum
speed limit of 100 kilometers/hr and they must wait to for a clear and
safe space to pass that complies with Chilean Transport Law. The
teams involved in the manoeuvre must remain in contact throughout
the whole manoeuvre with the principal escort vehicles.
5.1.3. To perform the overtaking manoeuvre you must follow the below
procedures:
● In the first instance the principle escort from team 2 must
advise the principal escort of team 1 by radio that they wish to
overtake.
● Then, the principal escort from team 1 will confirm that it is
ready to be overtaken.
● Lastly, team 1 reduces its speed and the distance between its
vehicle and escorts and pulls over to the side of the road.
● Following this the second escort car of team 2 can pull out to
the left to check and continue through to pass team 1,
continuing to advance until there is a distance of at least 500m
from the rest.
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● From there, the second escort car will advise the rest of their
team when they are sure that it is safe for all to conduct the
rest of the manoeuvre.
● Finally, to complete the manoeuvre, the teams return to their
original configuration, keeping the vehicles and escorts at the
distance indicated previously in these regulations.
● The overtaking must not last more than 1 minute. In the event
that it exceeds this time abort the manoeuvre and lower your
speed so that the other team can return to their position on the
course.
6. Glossary
Término Definición
Certifying
A professional engineer engaged by a team to
electrical and/or
report on compliance with regulations and
mechanical
roadworthiness requirements.
engineer
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High voltage: More than 50 V DC or more than 30 V rms.
7. Acknowledgement
For the composition of this document the regulations of the Australian solar
car event “World Solar Challenge” were taken into consideration.
Additionally, the Chilean Transit Law was taken into account in its decrees
number 22 from 01/04/2010 3 and number 104 from 04/16/2010 4. We
express our gratitude and acknowledge that counting on this information was
of great value.
http://www.worldsolarchallenge.org
http://www.leychile.cl/N?i=249803&f=2010-01-04&p=
http://www.leychile.cl/N?i=175406&f=2010-04-16&p=
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