Islamic manuscriptsin the British Royal Collection

A concisecatalogue
Isa Valel
fu Mahammad

IxtnooucrroN exceptingthose to or from the Mahdi and the Khalifa

of Sudan which bear Royal Library numbers.In the
The manuscriptsdescribedin this catalogueform part Royal Archives at Windsor Castle are letters in Per-
of the British Royal Collection. Most are preservedin sian. Arabic, Urdu. Ottoman Turkish, Malay. etc.
the Royal Library at Windsor Castle,overlooking the which are not included since they do not fall within
River Thames in Berkshire. The 'Old' Royal Library the scopeof the presentwork.
was given to the British Museum by King George II, Notable strengths of the collection here described
and the Buckingham House Library of King George include miniature paintings and calligraphy of the
III was given to the Museum by King GeorgeIV. Both Moghul period in India and the Safavid period in
now form part of the British Library. The present Persia. Severalmanuscripts are authors' holographs.
Royal Library was establishedat the Castle by King Subjectfields that are especiallywell representedinclude
William IV. In addition to books and manuscripts,it religion, poetry, and history; also very valuabie and
containsmany works of art, antiques,and mementoes. interestingare the two treatises- one of them copiously
Researchershaving good reason to study a particular illustrated horses.
item may apply for permission to visit the Royal It has not been possible here to provide full and
Library. There is also a valuable library at Sandring- exhaustivedescriptions.Omissionsinclude severaldetails
ham House, the Queen'scountry home in Norfolk. In found in most manuscript catalogues.For example,
this catalogue.an annotation to the inventory number incipits(openingpassagesof texts) are quoted only for
indicatesa volume from Sandringham. very rare works; no excipiÍs or colophons are quoted.
The Islamic manuscripts and albums in the Royal Physical details, too, are limited, excluding e.g. the
Collection were all acquiredby gift. Where it has been presentcondition of most items and the dimensionsof
traced,the provenanceof each item is indicated in the the written area of folios. Concision was necessitated
catalogue.Many were acquired in one of three ways: by two main factors. Other duties and projectsgreatly
as a gift from one crowned head to another (e.g.from limited the time availableto the compiler for studying
'Ali 'Abd
Fath Shah of Iran or Amir al-Rahmán of the material at Windsor Castle.Additionally, from the
Aighanistan); as a trophy of war presented by an inception of this project it was envisagedthat it would
officer (e.g. manuscriptsof fip[ Sultan of Mysore or be publishedwithin the compassof a contribution to a
the Mahdi of Sudan and his followers); or as a gift scholarly journal, Manusuipts of the Middle East,
from an author (e.g. Fath 'Ali Shah again, and two rather than as a monograph.
works in Urdu). Yet although the royal Islamic manu- Immediately following this introduction, the reader
scripts are a random, rather than a deliberately-formed, will find two tables. One shows the contents and
collection, many are of substantial importance and arrangement of the catalogue; the manuscripts are
interest; several may be regarded as exceptional by classifiedprimarily by language.then by subject,and
any standards. finally by date. The secondtable provides a concord-
The catalogue includes all Islamic volumes from ance of old and new referenceand inventory numbers
Windsor and Sandringhamwhich are manuscriptsin for the manuscripts.(A few volumes previously had
the sensethat their contentsconsistpartly or wholly of no referencenumber.) The need for this arose because
text and lslamic in the sensethat the text is in one or all primary referencesin this catalogueare to the new
more of the following languages: Arabic, Persian, numbers assignedto the manuscripts by staff of the
Turkish. and Urdu. One or two albums containing Royal Library as part of the processof assigningan
only graphic material have been excluded although inventory number to every item, of whatever kind,
some ol the contentsare the work of Muslim artists. belonging to the Royal Collection. Each entry in this
Also excludedare letters in the lansuasesconcerned. catalogue is therefore headed by a number preceded

M a n u s c r i p t so f t h e M i d d l e E a s t 6 ( 1 9 9 2 ) ( ' T e r L u g t P r e s s .D o n k e r s t e e g1 9 . 2 3 1 2 H A L e i d e n . N e t h e r l a n d s .1 9 9 4 I S S N0 9 2 0 - 0 4 0 1
 M A N U S C R I P T SO F T H E M I D D L E E A S T6 ( I 9 9 2 )

'Royal
by the letters RCIN, which stand for Collec- Turkish
tion Inventory Number'. The third table givesan exact
Poetry:1005032Hamseof Nevá'ï,1005033 Dívanof
or approximate date of copying for each manuscript.
Nevá'T.
A note regarding transliteration is called for here.
Language:1005072Milnrehabat-t
lugat-i'O;mantye.
The Royal Collection includesIslamic manuscriptsin
Biography:1005034
Siinbtilname.
five languages:Arabic, Persian,Urdu, Ottoman, and
Chaghatay. This has precluded the adoption of a
LIrdu
single systemof transliterationthroughout. For Arabic,
Persian and Urdu, the Library of Congressromaniza- Poetry: 1005035'Ishqnamalr,
1005036Sulh-i kull ,
tions have been followed. For the two Turkic languages, 1005037Haí'troz.
the system used is that of the British Library, which
employs the modern Turkish orthography with the Albums
addition of diacritical marks on consonants and
1005038 [Portraitsand calligraphy],
1005039-1005067
macrons on vowels.
ICalligraphyand miniatures], 1005068[Calligraphy
The compiler of this catalogueis much indebted to
and Indian miniaturesl.
those scholars on whose expertise he has drawn,
although he himself remains responsiblefor any errors.
Publishedsourcesare cited in the text: here the autho-
CoxcoRoeNCE oF NEw (RCIN AND oLD MANUSCRTpT
ritative descriptionsof some of the illustrated manu-
NUMBERS
scripts by Mr. Basil Robinson must be mentioned. In
cataloguing the Urdu texts, the writer has greatly
Arabic
depended on the expertise of Mr. Qazi Mahmudul
Haq of the British Library. l 0 0 5 0 0 0 K o r a nB: 2 1
1 0 0 5 0 0K1o r a n : B 1 l : H B 1 4 6
The researchand publication of the text and illustra-
tions have been made possibleby graciouspermission
1005002Koran:84
1005003Koran:Bl0
of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Many thanks are
1005004
also due to Mr. Oliver Everett, Librarian at Windsor Koran : S 53 F
Castle. and his staff, and especiallyMr. StephenPatter-
1005005Du'a:B14
son. for their unstinting help and advice. 1005006 Nasíharal-ummah: B 13b
1005007 Sharhal-Tasrlf: D l0
1005008 'AbbásBey] : B 13 a
[Diary of
CoNrsxrs By LANGUAGE,
SUBJECT,
DATEoF coMposrrroN. 1005009 [Letterfrom Mahdi of Sudanto Gordon] :
DATE OF TEXT [unnumbered]
1005010'Iqd al-ajyad: B 15
Arobic
Religion:1005000Koran, 1005001Koran, 1005002Persian
K o r a n , 1 0 0 5 0 0 3K o r a n . 1 0 0 5 0 0 4K o r a n . l 0 05005 1005011 llahï'namah: A 13
Du'a. 1005006Nssïhatal-ummah. 1 0 0 5 0 1S3h a h n a m a hA :5
Grammar: 1005007 Sharhal-Tasrrf. 1 0 0 5 0 1S4h à h n a m a hA: 6 : H B 1 5 1
Brography: 1005008 'AbbásBey].
[Diaryof 1 0 0 5 0 1B5u s t a n : B 8
Letters: 1005009[Letter from Mahdi of Sudan to 1005017 Drvan-iHAfz : A 3
GeneralGordon]. 1005018 Dívon-iHafiz : [unnumbered]
Naturalhistory: 1005010'Iqd al-ajyad. 1005019Tullfatal-ahrar: B 28
1005020 Dïvan-iKhaqan: A 4
Per.sian 1005021 Kulltyat-iSa'dt : [unnumbered]
Religion:100501 | Ilahí'namah. 1 0 0 5 0 2 2 G u | í s t a nA: j
Poetry: 1005013Shahnamah, 1005014Shahnamah, 1005023 KftAb-i Zarb al-mas.al: B 2'l
: S 47 H
1005015 Bustan,1005017 Drvan-iHafz, 1005018 Dívan-i 1005024 + 1005071 Akbarnamah
:
Hafr:, 1005019 Tulfat al-ahrar,1005020 Dívan-iKhaqan. 1005025 Padshahnamah HB 149
Proseand collectedbelleslettres: 1005021Kullïyat-i 1005026 Taríkh-ilradat Khan : [unnumbered]
Sa'dt. 1005022Gulistan,1005023Kirab-i Zarb al- 1005027 Nishan-i Haydarí : A 12
masal. 1005028 Sirai al-tavaríkh: S 53 D
History: 1005024 and 1005071 Akbarnamah, 1005025 1005029 Zindaganí-'i ma dar kuhistan: B 12
: A l0
Pcldshahnàmuh, 1005026Tarrkh-ilradat Khan, 1005027 1005031 Faras'namah and Daw,latnamah
Nishan-iHurdari, 1005028 Siraj al-tavarrkh.
Biography:1005029 Zindaganr-'i ma dar Kuhistan. Turkish
Naturalhistory:1005031 Faras'namah, Dawlatnamah.1005032 Hamseof Nevá'r : A 8
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S H R O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N

Dtvanof Nevá'r: A l1
1005033 Anestc MANUSCRTpTs
IN THE RoyAL coLLECTToN
1005034
Síinbtilname:D ll
1005072
MiintehabaHlugat-i'Osmaní1,s:S 3l H
Religion
LIrdu
RCIN 1005000
1005035'Ishqnamah : [unnumbered] .1 -r,t
[Holy Koran.
,zr'
1005036
$uft-i kull : [unnumbered] 6r-^!r JPrJ
Haft roz : S 52 F
1005037 A Mamluk ms., now incompleteand damaged,formeriy
owned by 'Abd Allàh (reg. 1885-99).the Khalifa or
Albunts successor of the Mahdi of Sudan.The ms. containsthe
text from Surah I. al-Fatihall. to the Basmalahof al-
1 0 0 5 0 3:8 A 9 Duklrun (XLIII). There are some lacunae,including in
1 0 0 5 0 3 9 - 1 0 0 5:0 6B7 2 0
Sfu'ahll the text from razaqnahtunin verse3 to verse99.
1005068 : HB r47tr48
Damaged illuminated frontispiece,f. lr, and mar-
N.B. In this list, former SandringhamHouse shelf- gins of text opening, lv; illuminatedSurah headings.
marksare preceded by the letterS. roundelsas text divisionmarkers.etc..throughout.
Two folios from an l8th or lgth century African
Koran are bound in at the end of the volume. The first
MaNuscRrprsBy DATE(ExcrulrNc ar-nuns) contains XXXVIII (5tí0. from 48 to ntin al-mundhirtn
in 65: the second.XXI (al-Anbi-ta'),from verse39 to
897 1492. 1005032 fHantse-'i N e r a ' r T u r k i s h the penultimateword of verse50.
c a . 1 5 0 1 - 1 5 1 0 1 0 0 5 0 3 3 f D r t ' à n - iN e v a ' l Turkish Egvptian: Mamhlk. l5th century. Large ntultaqqaq
9 3 71 5 3 1 1005007 Shorh al-Tasrrf Arabic
of varying quality,:headingsin good thuluth.g lines.
[5th century] 1005000 H o l y K o r a n Arabic
[ 1 5 t ho r l 6 t h c . ] 1 0 0 5 0 1 9 Tuhlàt al-ahràr Persian
234 + 2 Íblios.525 x 370mm. Europeangreenmorocco
[ca. l6th c.] 1005021 Kulhtdt-i Sa'dl Persian binding. very faded.raisedbands
992 1581 1005022 Gulistdn Persian Capturedat the Battle of Omdurman by Gen. Kitchen-
[ 6 t h o r l T t hc . ] 1 0 0 5 0 3 4 Stinhtilnantr Turkish er, and later presentedto Queen Victoria.
[ca. 10091600] 1005017 Dïvan-i HaJt: Persian
I O t 9t 6 t u 10050t5 Bustdn Persian
l02l t6t3 t005001 Holy Koran Arabic
RCr N1005001
é' J;-'t
t 0 5 81 6 1 U 1005014 Shiltnttmàlt Persian
[Holy Koran.
l06- t656-? t0050t5 Ptidshuhnlnnh Persian
fl 7th centuryl 1005021 A k h a r ' n á m a h Persian One of the personalKorans of T-rp[ Sultan of Mysore
!8th centuryl l0050lu Dír'àn-i Hà;fr: Persian (reg. 1182-99).Despite its royal associationsthe ms.
1 2 0 5t 7 9 0 1005026 lTàrïkh-i lratlut Khclnl Persian possesses no featuresof great artistic merit. There are
[ 8 t h o r l 9 t hc . ] 1 0 0 5 0 0 2 Holv Koran Arabic
annotations in Persian, and tables at the front with
U 8 t h o r l 9 r hc l 1 0 0 5 0 0 3 Holy Koran Arabic
llt6 1802 1005020 Dràn-i Khaqan Persian
information in Persian about each StTrah: whether
ll20 1805 1005027 N i s h a n - iH u t d a r t Persian Meccan or Medinan, number of verses. etc. These
l c a . l 1 6 6 1 8 5 0 1 1 0 0 5 0 3 5 f'lshqnàmah] Urdu were added to the ms. for the Sultan. For more
l c a . 1 2 6 61 8 5 0 1 1 0 0 5 0 7 2 M t i n r e h u b a t . . . Turkish details, see the section of this catalogue on persian
llgt 1875 1005028 Siraj ul-tut'àrtkh Persian
'lqd MSS.
Il90 t873-4 1005010 al-aiyad... Arabic
r 2 9 9l 8 8 l t ï 1 0 0 s 0 0 6 N a s ï h u ta l - u m m u h . . . Arabic
According to an inscription the ms. 'Formerly be-
[ | .1u0I dx.l 1005008 [Diary of Abbas Bey] Arabic Ionged to Aurungzebe'; the indistinguishedhand and
ll0r 1883 1005009 S i r c t tu l - . j a v u h . . . Arabic lack of other evidencemake that improbable. Interli-
[ c a . 1 3 0 21 8 8 4 - 5 1 0 0 5 0 2 9 Z i n d a g d n ï - ' im a . . . Persran near illumination throughout: text enclosedin cloud-
l c a , 1 3 0 2l t t 8 1 - 5 1 0 0 5 0 1 - l Shahnamah Persian bands. The double-pageillumination and interlinear
[ . a . 1 3 0 71 8 9 0 ] 1 0 0 5 0 3 6 Sulh-i kull Urdu
1 2 9 21 8 7 5 100503i Ha./i ro:
gilding on f. l9v-20r are later additions.
Urdu
I 3 1 41 8 9 6 - 7 l0050ll Ilahr'nàmah Persian Copied by Hàr[n ibn Báyazid al-Bayhaqr. Dared
[9th century] 1005004 H o l v K o r a n Arabic 102211613. Naskhí; 15 lines. 352 + 2 folios; 246 x
[9th centurv] 1005005 D u ' à s h t t r r.f. . Arabic l37mm. Binding: provincial Indian, gilt stamped
il9th centuryl 1005023 Kitab-i Zarb al-nasal Persian brown morocco coversand doublures.
[9th centurv] 1 0 0 5 0 3 1 Faras'nántah,Duylatnantah Persian
The ms. was taken from T-rpr)Sultan's palace at
Seringapatamin 1799.Inscriptions inside the volume
tell its later history: 'Collegeof Fort William l5 Aug.
1805.''Library East India House,4th February 1807.
Chas. Wilkins Libn.' 'For His Majesty's Library from
the Library of the late Tippoo Sultaun.'
Published: Holmes, op. r.it., p. 15, plate 46 and,
 M A N U S C R I P T SO F T H E M I D D L E E A S T6 ( I 9 9 2 )

unnumberedplate precedingit; describedas 'bound Ten prayer formulae attributed to 'Alï Zayn al: Abi-
for Aurungzib'. dïn, Fourth Imam of the Shr'ites.The first prayer asks
for nobility of character (makarim al-akhtaq).Other
RCIN 1005002 formulae are intendedfor recitation after the five daily
[Holy Koran. ritual prayers,Friday prayers,or those of the two 'fus
5!i Jprl or holy days.
Manuscriptin the form of a miniaturescroll.Most of
The ms. was purportedly copied by the celebrated
the text is enclosed within shapesformingthe lettersof
calligrapher Yáq[t al-Musta'simï in Muharram 6951
Áyat al-Kursrand of roses.The scroll is attachedto a
November-December1295.This colophon is inauthen-
spindlefitted into a cylindricalcaseof sandalwood
tic and the ms. a much later imitation. The folios are
mountedon a plinth, with ivory pull-outhandles.
laid down on gold-sprinkledpaper.
ProbablySouthernIndia, lSth or 19thcentury.Ghu-
Incipit (after the title as given above): Allàhumma
bar script.Scroll. 3640 x 54 mm. Thin white paper. 'alá
salli Muhammad n,a alih x'a-balligh bLtmont akmal
aLtman x'a-ij'al yaqrnr aJdal al-yaqín.
RCrN 1005003
Probably l9th century. Competentvocalizednaskht.
[HolyKoran. /rr
lrlJr J
.A -t't
P r J T lines. 27 folios. 183 x 142mm. Interlinearillumina-
Manuscript probably from the Chitral area or else- tron throughout, with arabesque designs. Marbled
where in the Northwest Frontier Provinces. Lacking endpapers. Bound in brown crocodile-lookmorocco.
folio 2; damaged both by fire and by damp; one Presentedto King George V by King Amán Alláh
lacuna. made up in a later hand. Thick brown paper, of Afghanistan.
charred at the edges.Crudely sewn with string.
Datable only as l8th or 19th century. Rough
naskhí. 10 to 13 lines. 497 folios. 230 x 168 mm. Islantíc lav'
Coarse and brittle brown paper. Blind-tooled leather
RCIN I05006
binding, severlyworn.
'Found I'iasthatal-untmuh./ï .shurut'aqdal-dhimmah.
by Genl. Sir Bindon Blood on l8th April
1895 in Umra Khan's private Musjid'. presentedto LJt r.?r L:i ê LYt +,*-áj
Queen Victoria by Sir Bindon Blood through Sir John
A treatise on the principles of Islam and of JihA(t
McNeill.
accordingto the Mahdists. By Muhammad ibn Muham-
mad Muqaybil al-Màlikr al-Ash'arï al-Hasanr. Com-
RCIN 1005004(Sandringham)
posed in Shaww,al1299lAugust-September1882, the
.a -t't
[Holy Koran.
/r,
á Nr Jt4l I text comprisesa muqaddimah, l0.fasl. and a khatimah.
A manuscriptcopied and illuminatedin India. The It is likely that this ms. is the author's holograph. See
styleof illuminationis unusuallycolourful,and highly plate I for the reproduction of f. 52v of the manu-
provincial.Coloursusedin illuminationaregold,lapis script.
blue, green,red, yellow, turquoise,carmine,and Much of the treatiseis devoted to expounding the
brown. There are illuminationson folios lr (326v), Mahdist view as to how the Muslim community should
54v-55r (274v-275r), I 05v-I 06r (221v-222r).| 43v-144r behavetowards non-Muslims,especiallythoseinvading
( 1 8 2 v - 1 8 3 rl)5, 9 v - 1 6 0 r( 1 3 6 v - 1 3 7 r2) ,9 3 v - 2 9 4(r9 2 v - their territory, and the justification for this outlook
93r), and 325v-326r(2v-3r).(The brackeredfolio refe- according to the Shart'ah. The author is particularly
rencesare to the presentfoliation of the ms. which concerned with the legal status of dhimmts, or non-
runs backwards.) Muslim subjects,and with the obligation on Muslims
Undated. l9th century,probably third quarter. to defend one another's lives, moral welfare, and all
Workmanlikenaskht,fully vocalized;initial hamzahis interestsin solidarity.
not written. l5 lines; catchwords.Surahheadingsin Incipit: al-Hamd li-AllAh alladhí arsala Rasulah bi-
red.326folios.322 x 205mm. Beigelaid paper;fore- al-huda wq-dm al-haqq ... ammd ba'd fa-yaqut al-'abd
edgesgilt. Binding by Zaehnsdorf:greenmorocco, al-muJiaqir ils rahmat Rabbih al-Ghant Muhammad bin
fadedto light brownon spinewhichis letteredeur'an. Ahmad Muqaybil al-Malikï al-Ash'art at-Shadhitï at-
Endpapersof gold-coloured silk. Hasanï hadhih Nasíhat al-ummahfi shurut 'aqd at-dhim-
Probablypresentedto the Prince of Wales,later mah muwashshahahbi-ayat al-Qur'an al-Karím
EdwardVII, on his tour of India in 1875. Probably copied in 129911882.Good naskhí. lj
lines. 52 folios (99 p. plus blanks). 198 x 128 mm.
RCIN 1005005 Binding: patternedcloth coveredboards with flap.
'an Taken from the tent of Ahmad 'Urábr páshá.
Dtr'a' sharíf./ï makarimal-akhlaq Zayn al-'Abidín
'AIí ibn Egyptian nationalistleader,at the Battle of Tell Kebir.
al-Husa.vn
l3 September 1882. Presentedto Queen Victoria by
Ji^J, -i ob _,-+Ut _tj ;c gy;Yr .rÉ J ,-e,_| "V> Gen. Wingate.
 \ 4 U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S HR O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N
Grantntar
RCIN 1005007
Sharhal-Tasrrf
A commentary on ul-Tasrrf, a treatise on Arabic
'Izz
grammar composedin 655i1254by al-Dïn Ibràhim
'Abd
ibn al-Wahháb a|-Zanján. The commentary was
'Umar
written in 738/1336by Mas'ld ibn al-TaftazanÍ
(d. 792i1390). See C. Brockelmann, Geschichreder
arabischen Litteratur,I, p. 497 and II, p.215.
Many of the numerous marginalia are written in
elliptical patterns.Folio lr contains a calendarfor the
year 840i1436-7.
Incipit: Basmalah v'a bih nasta'm an arx'í dhihar
vukhrij fi rí,,'adal-kalam min al-is'intam lll
Probably copied in the Ottoman Empire. Dated
early Rajab 937lmid-February 1531. l/asfrftr with
dru'aníelements.17 lines. 5l folios. 184 x 127 mm.
Thin polishedwhite paper.Ottoman binding: deepred
morocco with impressed medallions: flap detached.
See plate 2 for a reproduction of f. 2v-3r of the
manuscript.
Biography
RCIN 1005008
'Abbás
[Diary of Bey.]
'Abbás
The journal kept by Bey, Secretary to the
Governor-Generalof Sudan, during the expedition to
Kordofan of Hicks Pasha against the Mahdists in
'Abbás Bey
1883.The campaignendedin the death of
and the destruction of Hicks' force. The diary was
commencedat Dueim on ll September1883 and
concludeson November lst at Aloba: the flnal mas-
sacrecame on November 5th.
For a description and abridged translation of the
contentsof this diary, seethe anonymous article "The
diary of Abbas Bey", in Sudan notes and records, xxxii
pt. 2 (Dec. 1951),pp. 179-196.On the Hicks expedi-
tion seealso Sir R. Slatin, Fire and sword in the Sudan,
new edition, London 1907,pp. 126-134.
Written from Septemberto November 1883.Riq'ah,
written in pencil. 17 lines.72 folios (143 pp., 13 blank
but for rules). 162 x 98 mm. Ruled off-white laid
notebook paper. Binding: worn marbled boards, red
morocco spine.
'Abbás
The ms. was taken from Bey's body after
the fatal battle. Its next owner was killed at Omduran
in 1898,and the diary was taken by Egyptian Army
Intelligence.It was presentedto Queen Victoria by
Gen. Wingate,in 1899.
Leíters
RCIN 1005009
-lt -; Surat al-jawab al-warid min Muhammad Ahmad btal-
".o!t ti
Ltbu.ryid
-r..-1 r"-= ,,. )t!1 1\tl\;y.a
,4)!
A copy of a letter written by Muhammad Ahmad, the
'Mahdi'
of Sudan (reg. l88l-5), in reply to General
Gordon Pasha,Governor General of Sudan.From the
heading it is evident that the present ms. is a copy
made for official government purposes.The letter is
dated 2 Jumada al-avrw'al [sic] 1301129 February
1884. In January 1885, the Mahdi took Khartoum,
overcoming Gordon's hopelessbid to hold the city
againstoverwhelmingodds. However, the Mahdi died
'Abd
in June of that year, to be succeededby Khalifah
Alláh.
In this letter the Mahdi expresseshis willingnessto
withdraw other claims if he be recognizedas Sultan of
Kordofan. Most of the remainder of the ietter is
didactic in purpose. The writer urges Gordon to
repent of his sins and to adopt the dervish costume
and rosary previously sent to him. He further warns
against the enticementsof worldly riches. power and
glory - and declaresthat he himself has no need of
those things but is purely the instrument of the Divine
Will and servant of the Prophet Muhammad.
Incipit: Basmalsh al-hantd li-AllAh al-Wah al-Karím
'ala
w,a-al-salat Sayyidina Muhammad u'a-alih ma' al-
taslím wa-ba'd fa-min al-'abd al-mu/taqir Muhammad
'Abd 'aztz
al-Mahdí ibn Allah ila Brítaniyah vt'a-al-
Khidrv'í1'ahGhurdun Pasha qad w'asalanajav'abuk wa-
fahimna nta fih wa-al-hal innak taz'am iradat islah al-
Muslimtn v'a-fath al-turuq li-ziyarat al-l{ahr ...
The main text is followed by that of three briefer
documents.The first. brought by messengerfrom the
Mahdi to Gordon, again urges him to wear the cos-
tume of a dervish,which he believesshould be easyfor
Gordon if his repentancebefore God be sincere.The
secondis a telegraphin reply from Gordon, again in
Arabic, informing the Mahdi of the receipt of his
letter brought by three persons, and that there was
nothing further to be said [by way of concession]upon
the matter. The third is a telegram briefly stating his
position,sent by Gordon on 14 April 1884to N[bár
Pàshá,the British-appointedPrime Minister, the Shaykh
al-Azhar (rector of al-Azhar University), and the Sherif
of Mecca.
Dated 1301/1884.Mainly in good, clear riq'ah
script. I folio. 54 x 32 cm.
Narural history
RCrN 1005010
f' Iqd al-ajvadrt al-safrnatal-jiyafl
(r!fr ;UUrJr -i )L-)l r.er)
l0
M A N U S C R I P TO
A treatiseon horses,by Muhammad ibn al-Amir'Abd
al-Qádir al-Jazà'irl,son of the renowned Amrr 'Abd
al-Qádir (Emir Abdel Kader) who led the Algerian
resistanceto French occupation during the mid-l9th
century. The text comprisesa muqaddimah:srx babs,
each subdividedinto .fagls;and a khatimah.
The subjecttreated by Muhammad al-Jazá'iri include
the virtues of the horse: different breedsor types and
their qualities;good and bad characteristics
indications; training; breeding and foaling; and racing.
The author makes lrequent referenceto the Koran
and to A|tadrth; the text is also enlivenedwith numer-
ous storiesand anecdotes.
'Iqd
al-ajtad was published at Beirut in 1293i1876
(12": 410 pp.) and in an abridged version (Nukhbat
'lqd
al-aj.tarilat Beirut in 1326r1908.
This ms. is almost certainlythe author'sholograph.
for although it is clearly an Ottoman ms., written
probably in Damascus.the calligraphyis distinctively
North African. A statementinscribed by Amrr 'Abd
al-Qádir himself on f. 4r indicateshis approval of the
work. Illuminatedheading.5r. Table of contents,lv-3v.
Incipit: Basmalahal-hamd li-AllAh alladhíja'ala al-
kltu.t'r nta'qucl./ï nawast al-kha.vl wa zat-vanahabi-al-
glrurcu'al-v'adihah ... x'a rasanTa.faQlaha'alá sffiatay
ul-rtaharva-al-lavl.
Dated 1290i1873-4. Good. clear magltribr scripï..
2 5 l i n e s .1 7 9f o l i o s( [ 8 ] , 3 5 0p p . ) 2 5 9 x 1 7 0m m . F i n e
dark red Ottoman morocco binding with gilt stamped
medallionsand flap. Seeplate 3 for a reproduction of
l. I 79r of the manuscriot.
PcnSIIN MANUSCRIPTSIN THE ROYAL CoLLECTION
Religion
RCIN 1005001
Persiancontents of the Koran ms. of ïp[ Sultan (see
RCIN 1005001.Arabic manuscripts).An inscription
statesthat this material,f.2-17, was addedto the ms.
by order of the Sultan.
Folio 2r. A table containing information about each
Surah: place of revelation,number of verses,qualities
(khavass)of Surahs and ayahs, eïc.
2v. On Íhe Fatihah (Surah I) and its qualities (kfta-
lrTss);with circular diagram.
3r. The same for al-Baqar (sic, i.e. al-Baqarah),
Sirah Il.
3v-14v.Table for all other Surahs.
l5r. Table indicating how many times each letter of
the alphabet occurs in the Koran.
l5v. A mnemonic gha:al poem in five lines concern-
ing versesof the Koran.
l6r-16v. A list of seventeenpassageswhich it is
imperativenot to mispronounce.
l7r-17v. Table of fifteen passagesin the Koran One of the finest lTth century mss. of Firdáwis poem.
S F T H E M I D D L E E A S T6 ( I 9 9 2 )
whereprostrationduringrecitationis obligatory.Fol-
lowedby oneblankfolio.
RCIN 100501I
Ilahí'nantah.
"-"l.;.,Àl
Dicta and meditations, more commonly known as
Munajat. of the Sufi Khvájah 'Abd Alláh Ansárr of
Herat. See S. de Laugier de Beaurecuell. Khvadia
and their 'Abdullah
Ansarí (396-48I H.l 1006-1089 ) , mt'stique
hanbalite, Beirut. 1965. On textual problems see
B. Utas. 'The Munájàt - Iláhi-námahof 'Abdu'llàh
Ansárr'. Manuscripts of the Middle East. 3 (Leiden
1 9 8 8 ) p, p . 8 3 - 8 7 .
This ms. was produced by order of Amir 'Abd al-
Rahmán Khán, King of Afghanistan (reg. 1297
1 8 8 0 - 1 3 1 9 / ' 1 9 0E1a) .c h f o l i o i s i n s c r i b e do n o n e s i d e
only, on facing versosand rectos.Illuminated heading
and margins.f. 1v-2r(seeplate 4).
Inciprt : BasmalahHamdalah va-al-'aqibatli-al-mutta-
qín t,a-al-salat... qal al-Shut'khal-Aty'am[sicJ va-Qud-
vat al-Anam ... a)' :i dardat bídilan'ra bu-vi darman
amadah
Dated l3l4l1896-'1. Embossedcalligraphy most skil-
fully executed,probably with a stylus, by Muhammad
Amrn KákarI. Fine large nasta'ltq.6lines. I 13 folios. 228
x l44mm. Thick, cream-colouredlaid paper. Lacquered
painted binding with floral spray, polychrome and gilt
motifs. and red moroccospine.
Presentedto Queen Victoria by Amír 'Abd al-Rah-
mán. King of Afghanistan,probably in 1899.
Poetrl'
RCIN 1005013
Shahnamah. +"Lul.-
The national epic poem of Iran, completed in 400r
1010 by Firdawsr of T[s. In this ms. the text is in
disorder. It is illustrated with 88 miniature paintings in
Qazvin and Shiraz styles of the time. Illuminated
sarlawh, f. lv-2r; illumination added much later in
India, 283r.
Iran: Safavid, c'a. 1585. Fine small nasta'ltq.29 lines
in 6 columns.283 folios. 441 x 303 mm. Indian gold-
blocked red morocco binding.
Probably from the library of frp[ Sultan: cf. C. Ste-
warÍ, Descriptive catalogue rf' the orieníal librarl' of the
laÍe Tippoo Sultan of Mvsore. p. 54. Presentedto King
George III or IV by the Marquess of Hastings, pro-
bably between1813and 1823.
Published: B.W. Robinson, 'Two manuscripts of
the "Shahnama" in the Royal Library', Burlington
Magazine (Feb.iMar. 1968),pp. 73-78 and plates.
RCIN 1005014
Shahnamah. u[aÉ
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . T S L A M I CM A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S HR O Y A L C O L L E C T I O I . tl

Includedis the Báysunghurpreface.Besides149minia- 12 lines. 197foiios. 307 x 192mm. Formerly exquisite

ture paintings,thereare fine illuminations,on f. 6v,7r, binding in tan morocco with impressedmedallions,
7v, 8r, and l5v. largely ruined by later colouring and additions; brown
Calligraphyby Muhammad Hakïm al-Husaynr. doublures.
Dated 1058/1648. Nasta'ltq.22 lines in 4 columns. Formerly in the Oudh Royal Library, Lucknow.
756folios.457 x 284mm. Lacquered paintedbinding. Taken after the Nawab's deposition,and presentedto
Presented to QueenVictoria,1839. King George III or IV by Lord Teignmouth.
Published:B.W. Robinson, 'Two manuscripts of
the "Shahnama"in the Royal Library', Burlington R C I N 1 0 0 5 0 1 8
Magazine (Feb.rMar.1968),pp. 137-138 and plates.
Dívan-i Hafz -bii- o!,->
RCrN 1005015 The collected poems of Háfi2. See above, RCIN
I 005017.
Bustan JL:
Good illuminated headpiece,f. lv; marginal and
A didactic poem containing narrativesand maxims in interlineargilding, lv-2r. No colophon. Sealimpression
verse,by Sa'drof Shiraz(d. 1258). on f. 1r dated 117811764-5. Label on spine reads:
Excellentsmallilluminatedheading,f. lv;gilt illumi- Dívan-í Hafi: mutalla ba-khatt-i Vilayat.
nated borderswith birds and floral motifs. Headingsin Copied probably in India during the early or middle
gold. l8th century. I{asta'ltq. 12 lines. 206 folios. 207 x
'Imád
Copied by the noted calligrapher al-Hasanr. I l7mm. Gilt stampedmorocco binding.
and dated Jumada al-;ant l0l9iAugust-September
1610. EleganÍ nasta'hq. 12 lines. 169 folios. 238 x RCIN 1005019
l48mm. Light beige paper, lightly gold-sprinkled.
Indian covers and doublures in red morocco, gold-
Tutl,tat al-ahrar -'l,.-)r ;.Á,
blocked. Decoratedwhite silk wrapper. A didactic masnavípoem on Sufism,ethics,etc. by N[r
'Abd
The ms. contains ownership seals of the Moghul al-Drn al-Rahmán Jàmi (d. 89711492).
Emperor Sháh'Àlam, dated 30 [sic],and Ahmad Sháh Elegant illumination on f. lv; interlineargilding and
of Hyderabad, dated lll9ll707. It must later have polychrome arabesques, lv-2r. Section headings and
beenin the Royal Library of Oudh at Lucknow. Finally, illuminations in blue and gold. All theseilluminations
it was presentedto King George III or IV by Lord are later additions. Borders of gold-sprinkled laid
Teignmouth. Governor-Generalof India 1792-9. paper.
Probably late l5th or early l6th century. Iran, or
R CrN1 0 0 s 0 1 7 possibly India. Very fine nasta'hq calligraphy by Mir
'Ali. 12 lines. 78 folios: 239 x 159 mm. Bound in
Dívan-i Hafz -bil-- -,ly-r
paper wrappers.
Collectedpoemsof Háfi2 of Shiraz(d. ca. 1390),one of
the greatestmastersof the Persianlyric. Written in the RCIN 1005020
kitabkhanahof Husayn Khán Qurjï ShamsrrShàmll,
Drvan-i Khaqan ,-tli\- olyr
governor of Herat. This ms. contains the editorial
'Ali
prefaceby Muhammad Gulandám. Collected poems of Fath Sháh Qájár (req. 12121
Incipit Hamd-i bthadd va sana-yi br"add va sipas-i 1797-125011834), written under the pen-name Khá-
bt'qiyas mar'Khudavandï'ra kih jam'-i dívan-i hafi- qán.
:an'ra azraqparvanah-'isultan-i LIst Two fine portraits in Qájár style, f. l2v and l3r.
The ms. containsone miniature(on f. lv: probably Illuminated headings,f. lv, 7v, and 146r. Numerous
Bukhara, ca. 1550); also an interesting unfinished blank spaces,intended for paintings,illumination and
miniature in the state of a line drawing, f. l6r. Superb text. Illumination, interlinear gilding, and borders
illumination,f . 2v-3r; that on 2v is almost complete, with drawings of animals on every folio.
while 3r is stencilledand gilt only. Fine illuminated Incipit (heading): Díbachah-'i kífib-i danish va
'unvan-i
heading (sarlav,h)at text opening, f. l6v. Illuminated drvan-i brnish hamd va ;ana--r-iKhaqanast
gilt panels between poems. Many folios are tinted Incipit (poems): Ay munfa'il zi mah-i rukhat míhr-i
blue, yellow, beige, or green. Some are marble, but khavart I shud khatm dar jahan ha-tu rasm-i sitamgarí
most contain in the margins a variety of animal and Dated the last third of Shavval l2l6/February-
plant designs in gold. Other designs adorn the text March 1802; miniatures dated l2l7l1802-3. Copied
area of somefolios. by the court scribe Mulrammad Mahdi al-Tihránt.
Colophon dated late Ramadan, the year not being Good large nasta'hq. 10 lines. 180 folios. 425 x
given; datableto Herat ca. 1600-1610. Copied by Sháh 282mm. Fine painted lacqueredcoversand doublures.
Qásim Haravr, who is known to have copied at leastfive Seeplate 5 for a reproduction of f. 13r.
other mss.between1599and 1619.Very fine nasta'líq. Presentedto the PrinceRegentin 1812by the author.
t2
M A N U S C R I P TO
Prose and collectedbelles-lettres
RCrN1 0 0 5 0 2 1
lKulhl,at-i Sa'dí -5J** .-,LE
Detachedleavesfrom a copy of the Kulltv-ator collected
works of the renowned l3th century author Sa'dr of
Shiraz.The extant folios are: 12-25,27-36,37(margin
only), [?]64, 376-381,384-393,395-400.and two that
are not identified.Small triangular illuminated 'thumb-
pieces'on each folio.
No colophon.South Iran or India; ca. l6th century.
Fine small nasta'líq. 12 lines in centre Íext, 24 in
margins. 50 folios. 209 x 129 mm. Beige paper.
Original black morocco binding with gilt medallions,
damaged.
RCrN1 0 0 5 0 2 2
Gulistart
Anecdotesand moral axioms,in fine proseembellished
with verses,by Sa'dr (see the previous ms.). A fine
calhgraphicand illuminatedcopy; made for Sháh 'Abd
al-Muttalib Khán. an intimate courtier (muqarrab)of
the Moghul Emperor Akbar.
Very good polychrome and gilt illumination: roundel,
f. 1r; doublesarlax'h.1v-2r:illuminatedsectionheadings
throughout. Text written on lightly gold-sprinkled
brownishpolishedpaper. Rubrics in red. white, mauve.
light blue. and turquoise inks. Coloured borders of
cream paper.with gilt floral ornamentationand stencil-
led designs.
Calligraphyby Muhammad Husayn Kashmrrr,called
Zarrrn'qalam. Dated 992i1584. Fine ncsta'hq. 12
lines. 128 folios. 358 x 238 mm. Binding: excellent
black morocco with gilt impressed medallions and
border lines.and red doublures.
Formerly in the Moghul imperial library. Seen by
Akbar in 99311585.With 'ar:'dtdah of Sháh Jáhán
dated Agra 103711627-8. Presentedto King George
III or IV bv Lord Teisnmouth.
R CrN1 0 0 5 0 2 3
Kitah-i Zurh al-ntasal $l .-'.rj .-,15
An anonymous compilation of Persian proverbs and
saws,arranged in alphabeticalorder according to the
first word. His praise of the Twelve Imáms in the
preface(i. 3r) showsthe author to have been a Shi'ite.
Incipit: basmalah at' pur'guhar zi nam-i Tu durj-i
ntaqalha sarshar-i nutq az may-i hamd tavallulha chun
ghunchahsar ba-jrb-i taha"vyurkashïdahand
Undated; l9th century. Rather rustic nasta'hq,tnhke
that of a professionalscribe. 7 lines. 45 folios. 248 x
16l mm. Thick white paper. Bound in boards faced
with marbled paper.
S F T H E M I D D L E E A S T6 ( I 9 9 ])
HisÍort
(:
RCIN 1005024 vol. l). 1005071
(: vol. 2)
Akbar'nàntah +"U,51
A detailedhistory of the reign of the Moghul emperor
Akbar (reg. 963i1555-1014,1605). with an accounrof
his predecessors, by Abu al-Fazl 'Allámi (d. l0lli
1602).SeeC.A. Storey,Persíanliíerarure;o bio-bibtio-
graphical sltrver'.Ii l, pp. 541-549.The rext has been
translatedby H. Beveridgeas The Akharnamao./'Abul-
Fazl, Calcufta 189'7-1921.
Although there is no extant colophon, and tracesof
past ownershiphave beenremovedor deleted,this ms. is
probably a very early copy of the text and may have
belongedto the Moghul imperial library.
Incipit of volume I :
Allah Akbar ín chih dar yaJtaníast zharf va shinakhtant
JE-.Jè
shigarf
Incipit of volume 2:
Basmalahsukhan tazah sazam ha-nam-i Khuday
Undated. Probably early lTth century, in Akbar's
lifetime or soon after. Very elegantnasta'líq.25 lines;
catchwords.A fine small illuminated heading on f. lv of
the second volume includes the legend: Allah Akbar.
There is a small and simpleilluminatedheadingon f. lv
of the secondvolume. The ms. comprisestwo volumes
of 286 and 395 folios respectively.360 x 231mm.
Beige paper. lightly flecked with gold. Bound in fine
dark brown calf with raised bands on spine and gold
chain border lines on covers.
According to an inscription on f .286v of vol. l, the
ms. was seenby a member of the Moghul family on
Saturday 9 Sha'ban,or I Mihr of the llahí era,the exact
y e a r b e i n gu n k n o w n .
Probably presented to Albert Edward, Prince of
Wales.later King Edward VII. during his tour of India
in 1875.
RCr N100502s
f ttttsltttltnuntult a.rL:-a[-1:1,
Part of an official chronicle. also known as Shah
Juhan'nclntah.of the reign of the Moghul Emperor
Sháh Jahán (1628-1658).Each of its three dafrars
describesevents of one decade; the first two are by
'Abd
al-Hamïd Láhawn, the last by Muhammad Várig.
See Storey. Persian literature, Iil, pp. 575-577 The
Shah Jahan l,trama... the nineteenth('eníur)' translation
rÍ A.R. Fuller (British Librarl', Add. 30,777), ediÍed
and completedby W.E. Begleyand Z.A. Desai,Delhi
1990.
The present ms. contains Da.ftar I, the account of
the first decadeof Sháh Jahán's reign. It is illustrated
with 22 single-and I I double-pageminiature paint-
ings. some being by leading Moghul artists. Very fine
illuminated shamsalnon f. lv and 2r; gold arabesque
desisnsin the border of everv folio.
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S H R O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N I t
I J

Incipit lr{igar rn kalumr'ra kih guzarish-i an daman-i Siraj al-tavarrkhis a significantpieceof research;in
\aml qn-ra ... his preface the author mentions that he has drawn
Dated 1067 i1656-7. l{asta'hq calligraphy by upon records in the Royal Archive at Lucknow and
MulrammadAmrn Mashhadr. 21 lines.239folios;586 upon those of the East India Company. For each ruler
x 368mm. Gilt bindingwith medallions.wrappedin the author provides an account of the main eventsof
Lucknowsilk cloth. his reign, some account of his personality,and details
Formerlyin the Oudh Royal Library. Presented to of his wives and offspring.A final sectionis devotedto
King GeorgeIII by Lord Teignmouth. eventsbetween.Also included are the texts, mainly in
Urdu, of many agreementsand treaties ('ahdnamahs)
RCIN 1005026 concluded with the East India Company. A small
table at the end of each sectionindicateseach King's
fTnrtkh-ilradttr Khan o i - . i : l ,' l à , 1 , - l
':" place and date of birth, date of death, duration of
Memoirs of Mrrzá Mubárak Alláh. also known as
reign, place of burial, and children; and the names of
Vási' and as Irádat Khàn (d. ll28il116). Completedin
his na'ib or deputy, and of the British Residentof the
1126i1714.the work concernsevents in the Moghul
time.
Empire between lll8rl707 and ll25il7l3 from the
Siraj al-tavarïkhts rare if not unique. It is not found
death of the Emperor Awrangzlb to Farrukhsiyar's
in Storey, Persian literature; nor is it to be confused
entry into Delhi. See Storey. Persiun literature, Ill,
with the generalhistory with specialreferenceto India
p. 602: and J. Scott. A írunslationo./ the Memoirs of
by Nlr Muhammad Khurásánr (Storey Ii 1. p. 481),
Eradut Khan.
which has the same title.
Incipit: Ta'lt/-i Mír:a Mubaruk A/lah ntutakhal/i.s
Incipit'. BusntalahKhudat'ancl-i;amín va :aman'rà
hu-Vasi' ntukhatab hah Irt\dat Khan-i 'Álurn'gtrt ...
sitayish t'a sanc1-t'iwfir kilt arn'a'-i max'judat'ro o:
ibtida-ti tahrrr-i kalimat chun buh hangant-i tughrïr-i
nihankhanah-'i'adantha-shuhri.stan-i t'ujud.jilvah'gar
sLtbadart ...
sakht
Dated 2 R(tbt' al-avyal, 33rd regnal year of Shah
'Alám Autograph ms. dated 1292i1875.Good nasta'ltq.
[II], i.e. 12059 November 1790.Nasra'ltq.l1 9lines; catchwords.Lightly illuminated heading, and
lines. Illuminated headpiece,f. lv. 201 folios. 284 x
interlinear and marginal gilding, f. lv-2r. 279 folios.
177 mm. Red morocco binding, with gilt medallions
210 x 127 mm. Most folios are tinted. in various
and corneroieces.
colours: purple, green,mauve, yellow, or gold-yellow;
some are white. Gilt endpapers.Bound in India. in
RCrN 1005027
European style: red morocco with gilt floral ornamen-
lVishan-iHaydarí é;-!- ru; tation.
This work by Mir Husayn 'Ali Khán Kirmánï is a Probably presented to Albert Edward, Prince of
historyof Haydar'Ali Khán and Tipu Sultan.Kings Wales. later King Edward VII. during his tour of
o f M y s o r e .f r o m 1 1 6 5i 1 75 1 - 2 t o 1 2 1 3I ,1 9 8 - 9 .I t India in 1875.
was completedin 1217i1802. See Storey. Persian
literature,Il1, p. 714. From this ms. was madethe
transiationby Col. W. Miles: The History of Hydur Biography
Naik. London 1842.
Incipit: Shtrazah-'idaftar-imutafarriq-iakhbar-i RCIN 1005029
'alamvajami'-i
majmu'ah-'iafrad-iawza'-imutabayin-i Zindaganï-'inta dar kuhistan g1.-",.+-<r)U gtí-u,
kaffah-'iumam...
Copiedat Vellorefor Shàhzádah The Persian translation of Queen YicÍorta's More
(Prince)Muham-
mad, alsocalledJámi' al-DrnMuhammad;completed leaves.frontthe journal o.f a hJë in the Highlands,.from
19 Rabt' al-sanï 1220117July 1805. NasÍa'líq. 12 1862 to 1882.The Englishoriginal,publishedat Lon-
don in 1884,was presentedby the author to Násir al-
lines.312 folios (4 omitted in the originalfoliation).
308 x 183 mm. Europeanlaid paper,watermarked Drn Shah. who ordered a court translator to render
with Britanniaand crown.Brown silt-tooledmorocco the work into Persian.
bindingwith flap. R. Murdoch Smith. former Director of the Persian
Telegraphs.had this secondcopy made and illuminated
RCIN 1005028 for presentationto Queen Victoria. Double illuminated
opening and headpiece,f. lv-2r (seeplate 6).
Sirai al-tavarrkh Incipit: Basntaloh Muqaddimah Mujallad-i kuchikí
3-_,Fl 6F
A history of the Kings of Oudh (Awadh) from the kih nttt.summáast ba-Zindaganï-'i ma dar kuhistan t'a
beginningof the reign of Sa'ádatKhán (113611723-4) dctrpàn:dah sal-i qahl bah zívar-i tab' rasíd va mushta-
to the British annexationin 1856.The author. Pandit ntil ost har hikayat-i ayyant-i 'ishraÍ va shadmànr-'ima
Ráy Naráyanson of PanditBishanDás, completedhis 5 6 9 p a g e s[ s i c ] ; 2 1 8 x 1 5 9 m m . ; l 2 l i n e s ; g o o d
work in earlyZu al-HijjahI292l1ateDecember1875. na.sÍu' líq. Tan-colouredcalf binding : lacqueredincised
T4 S F T H E M I D D L E E A S T6 ( I 9 9 2 )
M A N U S C R I P TO

and gilt ornamentation on front cover is signed by Incipit: Rabb y'assirn'o tamm fstc]bi-al-khayrBasma-
Razr Tàliqánrand dated 1302,,1884-5. lah ba'd az hamd-i bisyar va yna-yi híshumar-i Khaliq
Presentedto Queen Victoria by R. Murdoch Smith, al-layl wa-al-nahar kih ba-isharat-i Kun .Ía-yakun hi:h-
N o v e m b e r1 8 8 5 . 'alam
dah hazar va charkh-i bísutun bar a/rakht ...
chunrnsuvnd kih ruzr FTruzshahhukama'-i zamanoh-
RCIN 1005030.Ornamentalbag. made to contain ms. ra tatab namud kih dar mu'atajat-i .janvaran-i to.v,iran
RCIN 1005029. mi;l-i ba: ... ba-kamalsakhtan
There are fine illuminated headings,on f. 209r (see
plate 8) and f. 25lr; also illuminated are the colo-
lVatLrralhisíor.t'
phons.f. 208v and f. 251r.
India or Afghanistan. l9th century. lVa.sta'líq.l7
RCIN 1005031
lines. 251 folios. 295 x 182 mm. Lacqueredpainted
A m a n u s c r i pct o n t a i n i n gt w o t e x t s . binding of high quality.
I. f. 1v-208v.Foras'namah +'l _rj The ms. bears two library stamps: those of N[r
Haqq Mazhar Jang, dated 78; and, dated 1321/1903-
A treatise on horses and farriery. According to the
preface,this is a translation from Arabic into Persian 4, of Habrb Alláh Khán, King of Alghanistan (reg.
13l9/ 1901-1337l1919). It may have been presented
ol Kitah Kamil al-sincl'ata1'n. made on the instructions
by Amán Alláh during his visit to Britain.
of Qàzï Mulrammad ldrïs Khán by order of Ahmad
Shàh Durráni, King of Afghanistan (reg. 116011747-
1187 1773).
The Persianversioncomprises9 maqàlahs.each sub- Tunrtsu MANUSCRIpTs rN THERoyAL coLLECTIoN
divided inÍo babs.It has not been tracedin published
catalogues. The contentsare as follows: Poetry
l. f. 2r-43r.Introductory sections.20 bobs.
2.. f . 43r-77v.On the colours of horses.mules. and R C I N 1 0 0 5 0 3 2
donkevs. 10 hahs. See plate 7 for a reproductionof . r . l
[Hantse-'i Neya'í v, 4r 1 ! 4*el
f. 65v-66r.
'Ali
3. f. 71v-93r. Mainly on typology: good and bad The Ham,se ('Five Poems') of Mrr $ïr Nevá'r
breeds.voices,and care during foaling. l0 babs. (d. l50l). Nevá'r was the greatest author to write in
4. f . 93r-99v.Signs of good health and speed;how to Chaghatay, the classicalEastern Turkic language which
recognizetheseand defectswhen buying. 12 bAbs. was the forerunner of modern Uzbek.
5. f. 99v-130r.Equine ailments;their names,causes, Contents: I. lv-52v. Ha-vreÍul-ebrar.II. 53v-l2lv.
and symptoms.34 babs. Ferhad ti $rrtn. IlI. 122v-164v.Mecnun i Leylà. IY.
6. f. l30r-155r.On the treatmentof ailmenÍs.70babs. l65v-221v. Seb'a .get't'are. Y . 222v-300v.Sedd-iisken-
7. l. 155r-176v. Treatmentof ailments.66 babs. uer l.
8. f. l76v-202r.Treatmentof ailments.7l bubs. The ms. is illustratedwith six miniature paintings by
9. f. On the varioustypesof medicamentand talisman. M o g h u l c o u r t a r t i s t s .o n f . 5 v , 6 r , 1 2 v , 2 0 v , 3 0 r .3 5 v .
1 2b a b s . Elegantilluminations,f. 1v-2r(seeplate 9), 53v, 122v.
The text is illustratedwith 99 miniatures.mainly of 1 6 5 v . 2 2 2 v .
horses(a few are of donkeys): 3 I on f. 26r-41r.and 68 Herat: dated 29 Reht' iil-evvel897130March 1492.
'Ali
on 44r-TTv.Illuminatedheading.f. lv, and colophon, Superb nestalik calligraphy by Sultán Meghedi
208v. (Mashhadr). 23 lines in 4 columns. 300 folios. 344 x
Incipit: Basmalah Hamdalah Khuday-ra aqsam-i 230 mm. Gold-sprinkled leaves. Later Indian binding:
hamd ia sana kih Ádam-rA az karkhanah-'i.fazt-i khvurl black morocco. with gilt stamped medallions and
taj-i Va-laqadkarramna Banr Àdam bar sar guzashtah borders and a flap. Formerly preservedin the Moghul
imperial library, the ms. bears 'arz'dtdahsof the Empe-
IL f .209r-25h. Dawlatnamah a,,t".:r) rors Jahàngir (101411605-6) and Sháh Jahán (1031i
4 February 1628).Seeplate l0 for a reproductionof
An anonymous treatiseon the care and medical treat-
the colophon on f. 300v.
ment of falcons and other hunting birds. According to
the preface,the text comprises46 fasls, but the list of
RCIN 1005033
contentson f . 209v-210rmentions only 44.
Báz'nàmahs, or texts on hunting birds, tend to have lDívan-ilYevd'r rl
é't
'l
e'J'-'.l
)
much material in commono many being associated Collectedlyric poems of Mrr 'AlT gïr Nevá'ï. Chagha-
with a certain Fïruz Sháh. The present work may be tay Turkish text. That this ms. was copied within the
related to, or even identical with, a text bearing the decade between the author's death and that of the
sametitle in ÀsaÍ-ryahLibrary, Hyderabad: seeStorey, calligrapher is evident from the honorific formulae
PersianliteraÍure,vol. 2 part 3, p. 410. which occur in the headinesto the poems.
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S H R O Y A L C ] O L L E C T I O N
There is a lacuna immediately before the colophon.
The first folio is also lacking; this would have contained
the right hand side of the double-pageopening minia-
'arz'drdah
ture painting, with etc.. indicating past
ownership.probably on the recto.Gazelsoccupy f. lv-
67lv and 690r-705r,mesnevrs f. 705r-735v;the remain-
der of the text consist of kn'as. du-beytís,etc.
The ms. contains one contemporary and 8 Imperial
Moghul (ca. 1600)miniature paintings, the latter being
signedby or attributed to leading court artists.
Incipit: ASrakatntin 'aksi Semsíl-ka'si envaríil-hiidà
Copied by Sultàn 'Ali Meghedrafter Nevá'r's death,
i.e. betweenl50l and 1510.Fine nestalik.l2 lines.766
folios. 309 x 200 mm. Green leather binding, red
doublures,flap blind-stampedmedallions.
Presentedto Queen Victoria by the Emir of Bukhara
in May 1872.
Lunguage
RCIN 1005072
Kitah-t Míintellabat-tlugat-í'Osmantye
*t[i
driiJ .-,[^*:. .-,15
A dictionary of Arabic and Persian words used in
Ottoman Turkish, the meaningsbeing given in Otto-
man. The author was Sir James William Redhousel
see C.V. Findley, 'Sir James W. Redhouse (1811-
1892):the making of a perfect orientalist?'. Journal o.f'
Ílre AmericanOriental Sociert'.99.4 (1979),pp. 573-
600
The title of the dictionary was changed by Red-
house from Kitab-t Míintehcthc1t-r Tiirkít'e. as can be
seenon f. 6v. A note on the same folio statesthat he
began this work on 20th October 1839.The Mtinteha-
bàt was first publishedin lithograph at Istanbul in two
volumesin 1267-9i185l-3.and was reprintedat least
four times.An enlargedversion.entitled 'itavetiMiiníe-
'O;manrye.
ftubut-t lugat-i was published in 12861
1869-70and reprinted at least three times.
Incipit: Hamden leke flalik el-'alemïn ve A'lem el-
'cllimín
ve Ahsen el-muhsintn ki drger ntinhatt go)'r-t
m a ' d u d e. . .
Author's hoiograph ms. Fine rrk'a scripl 25 lines,
besidesheaders and pagination, in double columns.
Numerous marginal notes and additions throughout.
Paperby J. Whatman.2lT x 132mm. 398 folios: 683
numbered pages,plus five folios at the beginning and
two at the end. Full purple morocco binding by
Staunton, with gold-tooled and blind-stamped orna-
mentation.
Presentedto Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later
King Edward VII, in 1854,by Lt. Col. Williams,C.B.,
of the Royal Artillery. In 1853 Redhouse had given
the ms. to Williams, with whom he worked for 4 ll2
years on establishingthe Persian-Ottomanboundary.
l5
Biographl'
RCIN 1005034
Sinbilname +,LL;
An account by Ylsuf Sinán Efendr (d. 979i1571)of
the Stinbriliye-HalvetiyeSufi Order and some of its
leading shaykhs, especially$eybs Srinbiil, Mrislihid-
din, and Ya'kub. The Stinbiihyewas one of the more
influential Orders in the Ottoman Empire. This text.
written in Ottoman Turkish, is also known by the title
Silsile-'i tarrkat-i Siinbiihv"e.
The main text is followed by brief Arabic texts in
praise of the Prophet, versesin Ottoman Turkish, etc.
The ms. is slightly incomplete, there being lacunae
following folios 1 and 3. There is an illuminated
headingon f. lv.
Incipit: Humdla olsa ihtidà-i kelàm I layr rle llarnt
9l4b 9l4r itman i lJumd Ánfidr ki ismj a';amdr 1
;at1 pak ti ;i/àt1 ekrentdir i hamd-i .fërat'ttn ve sen7-ri
bï-paran gl flalik-i :entrn [i asman ve Ra:rk-t ins íi can
Hozretiniíi cenab-tkibriyasmamahsusdr ...
No colophon. Late l6th century, or early l7th.
Nestalik script. 15 lines. 27 folios. 183 x 110 mm.
Binding: boards, coveredwith marbled paper.
Unpu MANUSCRIPTSIN THE ROYAL COLLECTION
Poelrv
RCIN r 00503s
['Isltqnomult n"Lc-:^r ]
A masnavrpoem concerninglife in Lucknow's courtly
circles,togetherwith anecdotesof the author's life and
loves. The author is Vájid 'Ah Shah, King of Oudh
(reg. 1847-1856),also renowned as a poet and play-
wright. The title given above, which is found on a
label attached to the top cover of the ms.. appearsto
have been derived from a phrase in the penultimate
line of the poem. This ms. has also acquired by usage
the English title 'Customs of the Court of Oudh'. The
author's holograph frS., dated 126511849,is pre-
servedin the Sherani Collection in Panjab University
Library, Lahore. SeeMuhammad Bashrr Husayn, Filr-
rist-i makhtutat-i Sheran4I (Lahore 1968),p. 77.
The poem is divided into 131 sectionscalleddastans.
Each has a descriptive heading, which is wholly in
Persian. Most of the work is concerned with the
period before Vájid 'Alï's accessionto the throne.
That event is describedin dàstan 102 (f. 352v-363r),
the heading of which alludes to 'my accession'(7al[s
farntildan-i ntan). Dastan 131, by contrast, concerns
urs antatoria.being entitled Dar ;ikr-í taJyl-i ma'shu-
qc1n-inek o had, o nasa'ih-i hoshafzadar bab-i tark-i
clnha(.'Concerningthe particulars of lovers good and
bad: with sensiblecounselas to how to leavethem [i.e.
the latterl').
l6 N Í A N U S C R I P T SO F T H E M I D D L E E A S T 6 ( I 9 9 : )
This ms. must certainly have been produced for the
King himself.It is illustratedwith 103miniaturepaint-
ings in mid-l9th century Lucknow style, depicting
scenesof court life; the Prince (later King) Vájid 'Ali
appearsin almost all of them. Illuminated heading,
f. iv: border illumination in gilt and with the royal
arms on f. lv-9v.
Karu4 pahle hamd-i Khuda-e karrm
Incipit:
Khabir o qadrr o gfuaJuro rahïm
Dated 1266i1849-50. Nasta'ltq.9 lines. 444 folios.
443 x 276 mm. Fine white paper. Brown calf binding
with gilt ornamental panels with floral designs;silvered
doublures.Seeplate I I for a reproductionof f.263v.
Formerly in the Royal Library of Oudh. Taken by
Sikh soldiersof the Punjab Regiment from the palace
at Lucknow' in 1858 when it was stormed: given b,v
them to Sir John Lawrence: presentedb,v him to
Q u e e nV i c t o r i ai n 1 8 5 9 .
RCrN 1005036
[ S u l h -ki u l l
Mujodulult-i.jang o sulh, nnn:um, mausuntbah Fath al-
hr\h, isnt-itarrfir: GhoL-iNamr, ma'ruf Sulh-i kull
A poem by Sayyid Aqá Hasan Mrrán Sàhib, called
Námi. of Balrampur state in Oudh. The main part of
the work ts a ntuna:arah. or disputation, between
Peaceand War. This is the holographms.
The contentsof the work are as follows.Title page.
f. lr; prose introduction praisingQueen Vrctoria and
some Britons known to the author. 2t'. a qusítlahto
t h e Q u e e n E m p r e s s .l l r ' : c h r o n o g r a m s( t a r r k l t ) i n
versefor her Jubilee.l2v: proemium in I'erse.13v: a
StTqín-tntuh. l7r: the Mujadulah itself. l8r; and its
conclusion (àisalah), 40r. Chronograms in the title
Ghor-í Namt and concluding verse give the date of
c o m p o s i t i o na s 1 3 0 7 1 1 8 9 0 .
Incrpit (f. 2v):
Basntaluh humd-i Álartdgar-i :eh-i 'unyan hai uske
sip[t,snten [sít'J abr-i qalam duruafgfuanhaí usne gul-i
.sukhanko ;lakh-i :aban par abvart-yi ;fiukr-í ni'mot
rase shiguftah ki.t'a
Muttu:arah begins:
Kurilrr llunttl-i Glnllur ,t Ántur:gur
nurlt:onse kr jusne islah-ikar
vult har Haqq hai Sanna'-i Quclratntuna
kiya car azdad ko ek ja
The ms. is illustrated with five sepia photographic
prints: of QueenVictoria, f. 4r; Námi, 7r; Sir Digbqay
Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Balrampur, 7v; Sir Wil-
liam Muir, 9r; and Major G.W. Anson, 9v.
No colophon. Good nasta'ltq script. I I lines.
43 folios. 325 x 200 mm. White laid paper with
watermark A. PIRIE & SONS and Britannia surmoun-
ted by a crown. Black buckram binding.
Presentedto Queen Victoria by the author through
Sir William Muir: receivedin 1891.
RCr N1005037
IIaft ro: -\J) \.-4À
A collection of moral maxims. in the form of a
masnavrpoem, by Muhammad Ahmad Khán. of the
family of the Nawab of Kunjpura in Karnal District.
The work is dedicated to the Prince of Wales (later
King Edward VII).
Haft roz comprises seven collections called pand,
'advice'.
meaning Each deals with a specifictopic and
is illustratedwith a story concerninga historical ruler.
such as Balban, Babur, Humayun. Napoleon, and
Queen Victoria. The contentsare as follows.
a: f. 3v. Hamd: exordium in praiseof God.
b: 4v. '\'a't: praise of the Prophet.
c: 5r. Sobab-ita'ltf: reasonsfor composingthe work,
dedicationto the Princeof Wales.
Parul l: 7r. On the harmful effects of complacency
@haflat)
P a n d 2 : 1 6 r . O n t h e h a r m f u l e f f e c t so f k e e p i n g
companywrth the petty-minded.
Pand 3: 20r. On the harmful effects of hasty and
lí À-.1 imprudent actions.
Pand4:28v. On the virtuesof justiceand impartiality.
Pand 5: 33r. On the virtues of alertnessand forbearance.
Pand 6: 42v. On the virtues of moderation in fellow-
f e e l i n gw i t h o n e ' sc o m p a t r i o t s .
Pandl: 53v.On the virtuesofjustice towardsand care
for one's subjects.with a descriptionof constitutional
democracy.
d: 64r: Khatirnuh:epilogue.
Incipit:
Bayrtolalt Rctbhl'u.s.sir' n'u tontnlim hi-al-khair
Ilahí tire dar kà darru:ahgar
tire tlur pih hc1:irhui ru rohnt kar
Ilahí tira Ahmadr rusit'ah
utha'e hu'e sar pih bar-i gundh
Colophon, f. 65r. Autograph ms. dated 129211875.
Mediocre nasto'líq. 15 lines in double columns; catch-
words. Gold leaf haphazardlyapplied to parrs of f. 3v.
4r and colophon. 65 folios, paginated as 124 pages
precededby 5 unnumberedones.318 x 190mm. Laid
paper, watermarked: LESCACHALLAS 1875 with
elaboratecoat of arms including three fleurs-de-lisand
three crescentmoons, surmounted by the head of a
donkey apparentlyeating thistles.Marbled endpapers.
Binding: plain reddish-brownmorocco.
Presentedto Albert Edward, Prince of Wales. later
King Edward VII, through the Government of punjab.
An accompanyingletter to the Librarian at Windsor
Castlefrom a civil servantis dated l9 Januarv 1876.
Isleurc ALBUMS
rN THERoyAL coLLECTToN
RCIN 1005038
An album containing specimensof calligraphy,mainly
by noted scribes,and portraits of Moghul emperors
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S HR O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N
and notables, earlier religious figures, etc. Some are
lSth century Deccani copies of early 17th century
miniatures.
'cloud-
The calligraphyis all nasta'lïqin illuminated
bands', and the texts generally unattributed verses).
Names given are those of the calligraphers unless
otherwise stated. Where none is given. the work is
unattributed.
Calligraphy:
I r. 2 lines.
lv. Iliuminated opening of a text, earlier than the
portrait laid down at centre.
'Ali. lines in praise of
2v. al-Faqrr 3 [Navváb?] Àsaf-
LJáh?1.
3r. Malik Mulrammad Ardabrlï; Shiraz.2lines.
4v. Quatrain.5r. Quatrain.6v. Quatrain.7r. Religious
quatrain.9r. Quatrain. l0v. Mïr'Ali. 2 lines.
'Ali.
llr. Haydar Quatrain. 12v. Muhammad Shafï'.
Quatrain. l3r. Mahm[d ibn Isháq al-Sihápt [sic]. 4
lines.l4v. 2 lines. l5r. 2 iines. l6v. Quatrain.17r.
Quatrain. 18v.Quatrain. l9r. Quatrain.20v. 2 lines.
'Abd Alláh
al-Husaynt.Quatrain. 22v. 2 lines.
21r.
23r. 2 lines.24v. Quatrain. 25r. Quatrain. 26v. 2 lines.
27r. 2lines. 28v. Quatrain. 29r. Quatrain. 30v. Qua-
train.
3lr. Quatrain. 32v. Quatrain. 33r. Quatrain. 34v.
2 l i n e s . 3 5 r . 2 l i n e s .3 6 v .Q u a t r a i n .3 7 r . Q u a t r a i n .3 8 v .
Quatrain.39r. Quatrain.40v. 2 lines.
4 l r . 2 l i n e s . 4 2 v . Q u a t r a i n .4 3 r . Q u a t r a i n .4 4 v . Q u a -
train. 45r. Unattributedsuperiornastu'lrq.2 lines.46v.
2 lines from a na't. 47r. 2 lines. 48r'. al-Faqir
2 lines.49r. 12lines.50r'and 5lr. Illuminatedopening
of a text, praising Bábur and his scribesand scripto-
rium.
52v. Quatrain. 53r. Quatrain. 54v.2lines, headedI1a
'AlT; 996/1587-8.
t'a lahu ai-ii1'à. 55r. Muhammad
2lines, perhapsby Mir Mustafá. 56v. Mrr
train on failing eyesight.57r. Quatrain. 58v. 2 lines.
Portraits (namesare those of the subject,unlessother-
wise stated):
lv. Jahángrr. 2r. An Ottoman Sultan (Khundkar-i
Rum).3v. Bábur. 4r. Sháh Sultán Murád. 5v. Mrrzá
Kámrán. 6r. Humáyun. By Mlhan Musavvir. 1011/
1602-3. 7v. Muzaffar Khán. 8r. Navváb Bayram
Khán. 9v. Muhammad Hakrm Mnzá.10r. MTránsháh,
brother of Humáyln.
I lv. Rájah Ju{ar Mil. l2r. Sipahdàr Khán Khalf-i
'Alá'
Khánjahán Bahádur. l3v. [Shaykh]
Simnáni with two pupils, a youth, and books. l4r.
Sháh Sa'idá-yi Haráti. 15v. Sultàn Dániyál with fal-
con. 16r. Mlrza Sháh Rukh. l'lv. Sultán Khusraw,
with falcon. l8r. Afrásiyáb Khán Qlshbaygi. 19v.
Mlrzá Muzaffar, with falcon. 20r. Sultán Parvtz'
'Alamgir Pádsháh
2lv. Navváb Asad Khán. 22r.
(Awrangzrb, in old age).23v. Khalíl Alláh Khán. 24r.
Mnzá Afrásiyáb Jahángï1Shàhl. 25v. Mlrzá Kay'Qu-
bád Jahángir'Sháhí. 26r. Pïshraw Khán Sháh'Jaháni.
'Abd
27v. Khan-i Khánán al-Rahim. 28r. Qiltj Khán
t1
Bahádur. 29v. Zayn Khán Kflkah (Koka). 30r. Khán
A'zam Kukah.
'Abd Alláh Khán Uzbak (Uzbek). 32r. 'Abd al-
3lv.
Mu'min Khán, khalf-i'Abd Alláh Khán. 33v. Haktm
Humám. 34r. Hakïm Rukná. 35v. Sultán Dávar-
bakhsh. 36r. Shaykh Farrd called Murtazá Khán. 37v.
Hakrm Abu al-Fath. 38r. Naqíb Khán with a ms. 39v.
Hakrm'AlI. 40r. Rám Dás Kachhváha.
4lv. Rày Ráysing. 42r. Rájah Bhagvánt Dás. 43r.
Rájah Mánsingh. 43v. Rájah Mánsing Bhavartiyah (?).
44r. Rájah Jaganát.45v. Ashraf Khán Bahádur. 46r.
Muqrm Khán Jahángrrr. 47v. Navváb Ja'far Khán
'Abd Alláh Khán Káshgharí. 49v. Rájah
Yazlr. 48r.
Narsingdïv. 50r. Khándawrán JahángïrsháhI.
5lv. Yusuf Sháh Dakhnr. 52r. Mtr Jumlah Mt'azzam
Khán. 53v. Mawlavr ['Abd al-Rahmán] Jámr, with a
ms.; mosque or mausoleum with conical dome in
background. 54r. Hazrat-i Mullá Sháh fBadakhshl?].
55v. Fath Alláh Khán Sháhjaháni.56r. Nazar Khán
K h v r s h a k T5. 7 v . S h a n k a rB [ : P ] a n d i t . w i t h b e g g i n g -
bowl. 58r. Khvájah Muhsin Munajjim: an old and
crooked-mouthed astrologer standing with book in
right hand and globe in left, beneatha clouded sky.
58 folios; 58 miniatures;298 x 2ll mm.; nasta'hq;
brown morocco binding with gilt stampedmedallions
and borders, similar to that of RCIN 1005001,the
Koran of T-rpuSultan of Mysore.
Provenance:probably formerly in the library of T-rpu
Sultan.
'Alï.
RCIN 1005039 RCrN 1005067
T w e n t y - e i g h ts h e e t sc o n t a i n i n g s p e c i m e n so f c a l l i -
graphy, in Persian. Arabic, or Chaghatay Turkish.
Thirteen of them also contain miniatures by well-
known Moghul artists. l6th-18th century. Calligra-
'Ah. phers to whom works are attributed include Mir 'Ali
Qua-
and Muhammad Husayn (l6th century). Loose in
folder.
Calligraphy:
1r. Composite: drawing; (centre)Faqrr 'Ah; 2 lines of a
na't; (left) Muhammad Husayn; 99911590-91; versesby
'Attár; (above
and below) Muhammad Husayn; verse
by Nizámr.
4r. Muhammad Husayn Kashmrrï, at Lahore; Mrr
'All (attributed).
'Alï
5r. Sultán Mashhadr; versesfrom Sa'dr'sBustan.
'Abd
al-Dawlah 5v. Alláh al-Husaynr.Sultán Mulrammad N[[ri?].
6r. Mulrammad Husayn; quatrain.
'Abd
7r. al-Rahrm.
8r. "Mrr'Ah" (attributed;very poor).
9r. Unattributed.
9v. (centre)Faqír-i muinih'Ali; (margins)Muhammad
Husayn.
10r. (centre) Mir 'Ali; two lines from Shahnamah;
(margins)Mulrammad Husayn.
10v.Muhammad Husayn.
I l r . M u h a m m a dH u s a y n :q u a t r a i n .
l8 \ , Í A N U S C R I P TOSF T H E M I D D L E E A S Tó ( i 9 9 2 }

1lv. Muhammad Husayn; quatrain and verses. 3v. Original border of Mans[r's chameleon(seebelow).
l2r. Second folio recto from a Qur'án; probably 4v. Dhanráj. Men hunting elephants;animal head
Indian. ra. l8th century naskhr: (margins) Persian forms in rocks.
versesin na.skht. 5v. La'l. Two Indian ladies in classicalrobes.
l2v. "Sultán '41í MashhadT"(not authentic):verses. 6v. Mukund. An Indian lady and her maids in classi-
l3r. (centre)'Ali al-Kàtib; quatrain; (margins)Muham- cal dress.
mad Husayn. 7r. Bhagvatr. A trading caravan rests while a man
l3v. (attributed)Mrr'Ali al-Kátib al-SultánT; quatrain (probably Joseph)is raised from a well.
'Íd-i
to a king, for Qurban. 8v. Bandr (attributed; poor quality). Man beside a
'Ah pool entertainedwith drink and music.
14r. Kashmrrr: Íirst two lines of a Shr'ite NAd
prayerin Arabic. 9r. La'I. A man beneath a canopy near a pool, with
'Ali a t t e n d a n t sa n d m u s i c i a n s .
l4v. al-Kátib. for the son of Ottoman Sultan
Báyazrd. 10v. Basávan.Two naked men and a dos bv a tree in
q ;u a t r a i n .
l 5 r . M u h a m m a dH u s a y n ; 1 0 0 3 , 1 5 9 4 - 5 which are two monkeys.
l 5 v . M u h a m m a dH u s a y n . I lv. Bhagvatr.Falconersrelaxing.
16r. Muhammad Husayn. 20r. Kaysu (Kesu). A mother upon a throne with her
16v.Muhammad Husayn. baby held by its nurse.
17r.(top and left) Muhammad Husayn;(right) Muham- 24v. IJnatÍnbuted. Two ascetics(saddhus'l)meditating,
mad Husayn Zarrln' qalam. waited upon by youths.
'Alr: 28 folios; 370 x 238 mm. (largest);342 x 232 mm.
l7r. Mir t h r e eq u a t r a i n s .
l 8 r . M u h a m m a dH u s a y n . (smallest).Borders.Unbound.
l 8 v . M u h a m m a dH u s a y n .
'Ali
l9r. a1-Kátib. RCIN 1005068
l9v. Muhammad Husa.vnZarrTn'qalam:10021593-4.
of Persiancailigraphyand Indian miniatures.
Specimens
20r. Unattributed (Muhammad Husayn'?);versesin
ChaghatayTurkish by Husayni. Calligrapht'(33 items) by leading l6th and 17th cen-
'Ali 'lmád al-Hasant.
2 0 v .M r r ' A 1 i a l - K á t i b . tury scribes,including Mir and
'41ï 'Ali
2lr. al-Kátib. lv. . a m a r q a n d . 9 3 2 i l 5 2 5 - 62.r . M r r
a l - H u s a y n rS
'Ah. 'Imád
2l v. [Muhammad] Husayn Zarrrn' qalam. 3r. al-Hasanï.l0l8/1609-10.4v. al-Faqir
'AlI 'Imád. 'Imád
22r.Mir'Ali. al-Husaynr.Bukhara. 5v. MTr 6r. al-
'Ah: quatrain; (margins) 'Abd
22v. (centre)Mir Muham- Hasanr. 1016/1607-8, for the Emperor. 7v. al-
mad Husayn Zarrln' qalam. Rashid al-Daylamr. Verses of Shàh Qásim al-Anvár.
23r. (centre)Mir'Ali: (margins)Muhammad Husayn 8r. Unattributed. Verses and a Hadrth about calli-
Zarrrn'qalam. graphy. 9v. Sayyid 'Ali al-Tabrlzl. 1014i1663-4.l0r.
'Ali (Mashhadi)r 'Abd
23v. ntushq-i(i.e. copy after) Sultán al-Rashid al-Daylamr. 1045'1635-6.Verses by
versesby Háfi2 and others. Ibn Yamin.
'Abd
24r. Muhammad Husayn: a dictum of ShaykhAb[ a1- llv. al-Rashid.Versespraising Mullà Muham-
'Ali.
Qásim Gurgánr. mad Saláh. 12r. Mir for the son of the Ottoman
'Ali. 'Ali.
24v. Unattributed: mediocrenashkhí. Sultan BáyazTd.13v. Faqir l4r. Mïr l5v.
25r. Muhammad Husayn; verses.some by Mullà Tálib Unattributed. l6r. HazraÍ-t Mullá Mtr. l6v. Compo-
Sipáháni. site page: portrait: several texts, including lines by
25v. Muhammad Husayn Zarrln' qalam. Háfi2 and two in Chaghatay; the smallestnasta'líqis
26r. Nluhammad Husayn Zarrln'qalam; Paper with by Mu'izz al-Dïn (cf. l7r). l7r. Composite page:
marbling. portrait; miscellaneousverses,some by Bábá Figháni;
26v. Muhammad Husayn Zarctn'qalam; with marbling. small nasla'ltq by Mu'izz al-Drn Muhammad al-
'Ah.
27r. lJnatlributed: (centre) I.Iadíth in Arabic; thulth: Husaynr. 98511577-8.llv. Mrr l8r. Unattri-
(aboveand below) two Persianhalf-lineslaid down on buted. Quatrain. l8v. Portrait; miscellaneousverses.
a page with marbled border. Unattributed. 19r. Composite:portrait; verses,most
'Ah.
27v. Muhtaram Khán; line of Persianverseon the rise in Chaghatay.Unattributed. l9v. Mrr Quatrain.
'Imád
of Yáq[t Khán; marbled border. Vignettes: birds; peacock holding cobra. 20r.
28r. Muhammad Murád. Two lines of Arabic religious al-Hasanr.
'Imád 'Ali
verse in "cloudband" ; interlinear gilding; repeated 2lv. al-Hasanï. 22r. Sayyid al-Hasanr al-
flower motifs in marsrns. Tabrrn. Sufi poetry: 6 lines. 23v. Unattributed. Qua-
'Ali. 'Ali. 'Imád al-
train. 24r. Faqrr 25v. Mrr 26r.
Drav'ings: Hasanr. Quatrain. 27v. Háj11Mulrammad al-Hasanr.
lv. La'I. Men by a pool in a courtyard. Religiousprose text with verses(by Muhammad Dih-
2r. Mans[r. Chameleon. 'Ah. Two lines li-vahid min al-akabir.
dár?). 28r. Mrr
3r. Turk's cap lily and two birds, stream.flowers. 'Ali
29v. Sultán [Mashhadi].Herat. Versesabout his
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S H R O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N l9

proficient calligraphy at the age of 'more or less' 63. 129v. Rustam throws the King of Mázandarán in
'Ah.
30r. Lines on brotherly conduct and feelings. front of Kay Ká'us.
3 l v . ' I m à d a l - H a s a n r1. 0 2 2 i 1 6 1 3 - 1 4 . 102v.Rustam with the King of Hamávarán.
Paintings (31 items) by Mulrammad Panàh and others. 60r. Kay Ká'is in his flying chariot.
All are portraits of young ladies. 29r. Rustam and Afràsiyáb speak together across a
2 v . 3 v . 4 r . 5 v . 6 v . 7 r . 8 v . 91r 0. v .l l r . l 2 v . 1 3 r .l 4 v . l 5 r . river.
l6v. l7r. l8v. l9r. l9v. 20v. 2lr. 22v. 23r. 24v. 25r. 36v. Tahmrnah comesto Rustam's chamber.
2 6 v . 2 7 r . 2 8 v .2 9 r . 3 0 v . 3 l r . 61v. Rustam reprimandedby Kay Ká'[s.
Binding. 18th century Moghul lacquered painted 66r. Death of Suhráb.
binding. Fine polychrome and gilt ornamentation. 54v. Kay Khusraw as a child brought before Afrá-
Doublures. Front: a royal figure hunting on horse- siyàb.
back in hilly country; also seen are a lady riding, 68r. Siyávush'sdeath mourned.
another preparing kebab; also birds, deer and a leo- 5lr. Rustam with Surkhah captive.
pard: pavilion on the horizon. Back: a scene.in a 69r. Rustam defeatsthe army of Turán.
similar landscape,of ladies shooting game. smoking a 37v. Giv finds Prince Kay Khusraw.
hookah.four on horseback;white palaceon the horizon. 39v. Grv brings Prrán before Kay Khusraw and Faran-
33 folios. 421 x 281 mm.; various stylesof calli- gis.
graphy; l8th century painted lacquered binding and 40v. Kay Khusraw, Grv and Farangïscross the Oxus.
doublures. See plate 12 for a reproduction of the 27r. Kay Khusraw has a document written for Gïv.
painted doublure of the lower cover. 97v. Suicideof Jarrrah on the body of her son Fámd.
Provenance: the album formerly belonged to Ásaf 104v.Tfirán's army victorious over Iran.
'arz'drdalz 105v. Rustam and Tazháv in combat.
al-Dawlah, Nawab of Lucknow. His appears
on a gold-sprinkled flyleaf; it is dated 27 Rabt' al-;anï 50r. Rustam comes to rescuethe lranians.
with no year specified.Labels on the cover state that 42v. Rustam shoots Ashkábus and his horse.
the album was viewed in ll99ll784-5 and 12051 33v. Rustam lassoesKám[s.
1790-91. It was sent to King George III ín 1799, 122v. Rustam chidesPrrán.
through Lord Teignmouth, by the British Minister at 124r. Rustam with the captive Kháqán of Chin.
Lucknow. 83r. Escapeof Piládvand as Rustam remounts.
Published(but ascribedto lTth century Iran): R.R. 84r. Rustam sleepsbefore the drv Akvàn carries him
Holmes. Specimensof royal.fineand historicalbookbin- off.
ding selected.from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle, 85r. Rustam greetsKay Khusraw after killing Akván.
London 1893,p. l5 and plates 147-148. 86v. Brzhan feastingwith Manrzhah.
l0lv. Manïzhah appealingto the disguisedRustam.
107v. Rustam rescuingBïzhan from a pit.
I 13v. Bizhan fights H[màn.
Islenrc MINIATURES rN THERoyALcoLLEcrIoN
120r. (above) FarÍburz fights Kulbád; (below) Gïv
fights Gurvr.
RCIN 1005013
120v. Bzhan fights R['rn.
Shuhnumah. Persian. 70r. Bartah fights Kuhram.
Iran: Safavid.ca. 1585.88 miniatures. 70v. Gldarz fights Pïrán.
4v. Jamshid on his throne carried by dns. 72v. Buhan finds Gustaham wounded.
5v. Jamshrdsawn in half before Tahhák. 74v. Kay Khusraw fights Shïdah.
8v. Fand[n securesZahhák, watched by Jamshrd's 80r. Fort of Gang'Bihisht taken.
sisters. 182r. Kay Khusraw about to beheadAfrásiyáb.
l4v. Faridln in the form of a dragon testshis sons. 145v.Kay Khusraw givesup his throne to Luhrásb.
l2v. FarTd0n meets the messeneerwho carries the 147r. Kay Khusraw disappearsinto a magic spring.
head of Iraj. 213r. Luhràsb speakingwith Gushtásb.
19v.Manlchihr killing T[r. 156v.Gushtásbat the court of the Qaysar.
23r. Srmurghbringing Zál back to Sám. 158v.Gushtásb plays polo before the Qaysar.
25r. Zá1.enthroned.with Rudábah and attendants. 178r. Bidarafsh kills Zarlr.
26r. Birth of Rustam. 180v.Battle betweenKuhram and Luhràsb.
3lr. Nawdar about to be headedby Afràsiyàb. 187r. Isfandiyár capturesGurgsár.
28r. Rustam enthroned with Kay Qubác. 188r. Isfandiyár kills lions.
89r. Rustam lifts Afràsiyáb from his saddle. 189r. Isfandiyàr slaysa witch.
52r. Rustam. Rakhsh and lion. 189v.Isfandiyár kills the Srmurgh.
52v. Rustam,Rakhsh and dragon. 166r. Isfandiyár kills Arjásb.
53r. Rustam and the witch. 184r. Rustam and Isfandiyár meet by a river.
53v. Ulád capturedby Rustam. 192v.Isfandiyár wounds Rustam and Rakhsh.
20 S F T H E M I D D L E E A S Tó ( ] 9 9 2 )
M A N U S C R I P TO

194v. Death of Isfandivár. watched bv Rustam and lr. Bukhara artist; perhapslater 16th century. Prince
Zà1. enthroned in a pavilion in countryside.with youths
197v.Death of Rustam. drinking wine.
206v. Bahman executesFaràmarz. 16r. Unfinished:outline ink drawing for a miniature.
208r. Rashnavádfinds Dáráb. A man and a youth holding a paper or a book.
212r. Dára, dying, comfortedby Iskandar.
202v. Iskandar's envoys see the daughter of Kayd of RCIN 1005014
Hind. Shahnanuh.Persian
214v.IskandarvisitsQaydáfahin disguise. Iran: Safavid. 17th century. 149miniatures.Descriptions
220v. Ardaván and Ardashrr meet. adaptedand artists'namesderivedfrom B.W. Robin-
224r. Sháplr speakswith Mihrak's daughter. son'sarticleQ : MuhammadQásim;Y : Mulrammad
137v.Tá'ir captivebeforeSháp[r. Ylsuf; H : Malik Husayn Isfaháni.
251v.Battle betweenBahrám G[r and the Kháqán of
Chin. Miniatures:
255r. Bahrám G[r kills a dragon in India. 5v-6r. Sulaymán and BilqIs enthroned, attended by
Àsaf the vizier. jinns, animalsand birds; H.
237r. N[shrrván inspectshis ladies to look for an
intruder. 15r. Firdawsrand poetsof the Ghaznavidcourt; Y.
263v. Mihrán Sitád, Nushrrvàn'senvoy, before the 33v. Zahhák chainedin a cave by Farid[n: Q.
Khàqàn of Chin. 40v. Iraj murderedby Salm and Tlr: Q.
233r. Bahrám Ch[brnah defeatsthe army of Sávah. 46r. Tur slain by Man[chihr; Y.
225r. Khusraw and Bahrám Chlbrnah meet. 47r. Salm slain by Manuchihr: Y.
267r.Battle betweenKhusrau'and Bahrám Chlbinah. 5 5 v ,Z á 1 a t R l d á b a h ' sp a l a c e :Y .
275v.Khusraw visitsthe castleof Shirin. 69v. Rustam kills a mad elephant:Y.
260r. Mihr Hurmuzd offersto murder Khusraw. 76r. Nawdar captivebeforeAfrásiyáb; Y.
250v.Yazdagirdmurderedin a mill. 7 8 r . Z á l s h o o t sK u l b á d : Y .
Published:I. Stchoukine.Ze.rntiniature.s 84r. Rustam lifts Afrásiyáb from his saddle;Y.
de.sntanu-
de Shah'Abba.i.Paris 1964. 136and plate VII.
st'rit.s p. 90r. Rustam chidesRakhsh: Q.
B.W. Robinson.'Two Manuscriptsof the "Shahnama" 9 l v . R u s t a m ,R a k h s ha n d a d r a g o n :Q .
in the Royal Library. Windsor Castle- 1: Holmes 92v. Rustam and the witch: Y.
9 4 r . R u s t a ml a s s o e Us taa: Y.
150 (4,5)'. Burlingron Mago:ine. February 1968.
95r. Rustam facing a group of drls; Y.
pp. 73-78.idem. Persianminiaturepuirtting.ft'orncollec-
tions in the British Isles. London 1967.pp. 62-3. (See96v. Rustam and the White Dn': Y.
also the additionalreferences listedthere.) 97r. Rustam anoints the eyesof Kay Ká'[s with the
blood of the White Drv: Y.
RCrN 1005033 98v. Rustam assailsthe army of Mázandarànwith a
uprootedtree; Y.
Dívan of lVeva'r.Chaghatay Turkish. 101r. Rustam carries the petrified King of Mázanda-
HeraÍ, t'a. 1501-1510.Paintings added ca. 1600; ràn: Y.
nine miniatures by Moghul court artists; one later 104r.Marriage of Sldábah and Kay Kà'[s; Y.
addition. 105r. Kay Ká'[s captive before the King of Hamáva-
1r. Unattributed. Left half of court scene. rán; Y.
137r.La'l Mukund. A party of lion-hunters. 107r.Rustam lassoingthe King of Shàm; Q.
162v.Farrukh. A man carryinga lady who is mounted 109v.Kay Ká'[s in his flying chariot;
Q.
on horsebackover a stream. 112r.Battle betweenRustam and Afràsiyáb; Q.
269v. Manfichihr. A prince or nobleman entertained 120r.Rustam knocks down T[s before Kay Ká'[s;
Q.
by musicians. 127r.Suhrábintendingto kill Rustam; Q.
324r. Sárá (or $àrá). A prince or nobleman holding an 128r.Death of Suhráb;
Q.
arrow, attendedby a servantgirl (and man?). 132r.T[s and Gldarzmeet a maidenin the forest;Q.
398v. Shápur. A prince entertained with music and 136r. Siyávush tempted by his stepmother S[dábah;
wine in a finely tiled hall.
a
449r. Manslr Husayn. Three vignettesfeaturing colour- 137v.Sldábahcomplains to Kay Ká'[s; Q.
ful Indian birds. 139r.Siyàvush's ordealby fire; Y.
693r. Men drinking in an eleganttavern. 149r.Siyávushis kindly receivedby Afrásiyáb;Q.
766v. (LaÍer addition.) Flowers. 156v.Siyávushon the polo groundlifts a shirt of mail
on his spear;Q.
RCrN 1005017 163r.Murderof Siyávush; Q.
Drrc1rt
of Háfi2. Persian. 167r.Sudábah slainby RustambeforeKay Ká'[s; Y.
ca. 1600-1610.One miniature. one drawing for a 170r.Písàm lifted from the saddleon Rustam'sspear;
miniature. Y.
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S HR O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N LI

175v. Kay Khusraw and Farangrs watch Grv defeat 376v. Rustam and the Tránians attack the fort of
the T[ránians alone; Y. Gang'Bihisht;Y.
177v. Kay Khusraw and Farangrs watch Grv lasso 384v. Kay Khusraw looking at seamonsters;Y.
Pïrán: Y. 388v.Hlm capturesAfrásiyáb; Y.
184r.Rustam appearsat the court of Kay Khusraw; Y. 390r. Recaptureof Afràsiyáb; Y.
192r. Rrvnrz shot in the head by Fàr[d; Y. 391r. Afrásiyáb and Garstvazare executedbefore Kay
195r. Fàr[d with severedarm fleesto his castle from Khusraw; Y.
Bïzhan; Y. 398v. Kay Khusraw bids his women farewell; Y.
201v. Withdrawal of the Iranians after their defeat by 409v. Gushtásb plays polo before the Qaysar of Rtm,
PIrán: Y. Y.
204v.Tazhàvcapturedby Gïv; Y. 419v.Brdarafshkills Zark;Y.
209r. T[s fights H[mán; Y. 422v.Isfandiyár kills Brdarafsh;Y.
213v. T[rán army attacking the Iranians on Mount 426r.Isfandiyárchainedto the ground;Y.
Hamáván; Y. 432r. IsfandiyàrlassoingGurgsár; Q.
222v. Rustam shooting Ashkabls and his horse; Y. 434v. Isfandiyár and the wolves; Y.
233v. Rustam lassoingthe Kháqán of Chin; Y. 435v. Isfandiyár and the lions; Q.
240v.Pilávand lifts Gïv and Tus from their saddles;Y. 436v. Isfandiyár and the dragon; Q.
242v. Rustam lifts Piládvand over his head; Y. 438r. Isfandiyár and the witch; Q.
245r. Rustam carriesoffthe dil Akván; Y. 439r. Isfandiyár in his armoured chariot meets the
246r. Rustam recoversRakhsh from among the horses Simurgh; Q.
of Afrásiyàb; Y. 441v. Isfandiyár kills Gurgsár: Q.
251r. Brzhan feasting with Manrzhah; Y. 443v. Isfandiyár in disguiserecognizedby his sisters;Q.
259r. Rustam feastingwith Kay Khusraw; Y. 445r. Isfandiyár kills Arjàsb in the Brazen Hold; Q.
262r. Manlzhah approachesRustam and his men who 452r. Rustam while cooking kicks back the rock rolled
are disguisedas merchants;Y. at him by Bahman; Y.
264r. Rustam rescuesBrzhanfrom a pit; Y. 461r.Zavárah kills N[sh'Àgar: Y.
265r. Rustam sacks the palace of Afràsiyàb and res- 465v. Rustam shoots Isfandiyàr in both eyes;Y.
cuesManrzhah;Y. 4l2r.Dying Rustam shootsShaghád;Y.
274v.Barzi capturesT[s and Farrburz:Y. 473v. Farámarzburns the bod.vof Shaghád;Y.
276r. Rustam and a comrade rescue Tus and Farï- 492v. Isfandiyár receivesgifts from Kay of Hind; Y.
burz; Y. 494v. Iskandarslaysthe lndian King Flr (Porus);Q.
279v. Rustam fights Barzu;Y. 498r. Portrait of Iskandaris paintedfor Qaydáfah(:
283r. Battle betweenIraniansand T[ránians; Y. Nlshábah); Q.
290r. Barzu leads the captive Gurgin; Q. 502v. Iskandar and the dragon; Q.
296r. Barzi's mother intervenesto save her son from 509r. Babylonians bring lion-headed child to Iskan-
R u s t a m ;Q . dar; Q.
300r. Quarrel of paladins at a feast; Y. 514v. Ardashïr rides with Gulnár; Q.
308r. Rustam and two companions arrive at the 520v. Haftvád and Shahvi are hangedby Ardashir; Q.
palaceof Slsan the witch; Y. 522v. Ardashrrrecognizeshis son Shàpur among boys
310v.Rustam and the broken banner;Q. playing hockey; Y.
315r.Pílsamslain by Barzl; Q. 524r. Sháp[r and Mihr'N[sh at the well; Q.
318r. Barz[ asks Kay Khusraw to let him fight Afrá- 535v. Tá'ir brought before Shápur; Y.
siyáb; Y. 539v. Qaysar of R[m captive before Sháplr; Y.
320v.Barzi and Afrásiyáb lasso one another; Y. 540v. Qaysar brought to Sháp[r with his ears cut off
324r.Barzu dreaming after killing the Black Drv; Q. and ring in his nose; Y.
331r.Consultationof Prr and Humán; Q. 552v.Bahrám G[r and the lions; Y.
335v. Brzhan kills H[mán; Q. 586r. Khvushnavázdefeatsand capturesF-ir[z; Y.
337r. Brzhankills Nastrhán; Y. 593r. Executions of Mazdak (hanged) and his fol-
341r. R['in sent as a messengerto Gldarz; Q. lowers (buried alive); Y.
345v. Battle of the Iránians and Tlránians; Y. 600r. Nushirván consults the Magi about war with
350r.Gurvr taken by Giv; Y. Rlm; Y.
351r. Brzhan kills R['rn; Y. 607r. Nlshirván examineshis women to find a male
353r. Pirán fights G[darz,Y. intruder; Y.
356v. Gustaham kills Lahhák and FarshÏdvard; Q. 614v. Two sons of Mahb[d poisoned by food they
359r. Bodies of Lahhák and Farshrdvard brought to had brought to N[shrrván; Y.
Kay Khusraw; Q. 62ft. Mihrán'Sitád, envoy of Nfishírván, sees the
368r. Kay Khusraw kills Shidah. Kháqán's daughters;Y.
370r. Victory of the army of lrán; Q. 627r.Indian envoy demonstrateschessat the court of
Nlshrrván: Y.
22 M A N U S C R I P T SO F T H E M I D D L E E A S T6 1 1 9 9 2 )

631r. Gáv and Talhand entronedbeneatha tree: Y. 6r. Narsingh. Sceneof worldly pleasuresin pavilions
639v.Buzurjmihr, blindfolded,divinesthe contentsof a surroundinga gardenwith a pool.
locked casketbrought by the ambassadorof R[m; Y. l2v. Dhanráj. Sultán Husayn Mlrzá holding an out-
647r. The Qaysar's envoys humble themselvesbefore door feast.
Nlshlrvàn: Y. 20v. Glvardhan (Govardhan).The saint Rábi'ah al-
'Adavïyah praying
661r. Bahrám Chlbrnah shootsSávah:Y. at the Ka'bah (background); theo-
665r. Bahrám Chfibrnahwhips Parmfidah;Y. logians disputing in and around a mosque courtyard
668r. Bahrám Ch[bInah with the spinning-wheelsent (foreground).M[han (Mohan). Two loyal friends risk
by Hurmuzd; Y. death as they stand together in a vain bid to prevent
669r. Bahrám Chlbinah seated before a young fatal combat betweentheir respectivegroups.
w o m a n :Y . 35v. Guvardhan (Govardhan).Muhammad Khvárazm-
678r. Khusraw Parvrzand Bahrám Chlbinah parley; Y. sháh and Fakhr al-Drn Ràzr meet at a public bath;
683v. Khusraw Parvïz meetsBahrám Ch[binah on the asked to describethe Resurrection,Rázï explainsthat
bridge of Nahraván; Y. on that Day. too. rich and poor will be alike in their
684v.Murder of King Hurmuzd: Y. nakedness.
688v. Bahrám Chlbinah cuts down Bahrám. son of Published:H. Suleimanand F. Suleimanova.Miniatu-
Siyávush,on the polo groundl Y. res illustrations [sic] o/' Alisher lrlavoi's tt'orks o.f the
691v.Kharràd son of Barzrn.and Andiyán. envoysof XV-XIX c'enturies, Tashkent 1982,pp. 80-87.J. Losty.
Irán. beforethe Qaysar:Y. The art o./ the book in India, London 1982,p. 96.
695r. Three warrior of lrán approach the talisman
Írgureof Qaysar:Y. RCIN 1005025
697v. Khusraw and his followers approach a fire- Pddshulmamalr. Persian.
temple;Y. India: Moghul, 1067i1656-7for Sháh Jahán. There
701v. The angel Sumsh rescuesKhusraw from Bah- is some controversyover the 22 single-and I I double-
r à m C h D b r n a hY: page miniatures.Most are contemporary.Some may
707v. Bahrám Chfibinah kills a lion-ape; Y. be later additions.includinga number which illustrate
7llr. Bahrám Chlbinah dies on the lap of his sistereventsnot mentionedin the text.
Gardiyahl Y. 2r. TTmur.enthroned.holding crown.
117r. Gardiyah gives Khusraw a cat who rides a 3r. Shàh Jahánenthroned.
h o r s e :Y . 43r'. Jahángïr embracing Prince Khurram (later Sháh
723v.Bárbad the minstrelbeforeKhusraw: Y. Jahán).By Bálchand.
728v. Khusraw about to be capturedby Farrukhzád 46v-47r. A raja submits to Prince Khurram. 46v. by
in a garden;Y. La'lchand.
735v. Queen ShrrTnbefore Shiruy; Y. 48v-49r.Jahángïr receiving Prince Khurram. 48v. by
742v. Rustam. general of the Sasanianarmy, is slain Rám Dás.
by the Muslim Arab leader Sa'd ibn Abi Vaqqás at 50v-51r.Sháh Jahán reunitedwith PrincesDárá Shu-
Qádisiyah;Y. k[h, ShAhShujá', and Awrangzïb. 50v. by Bichitr.
Published:B.W. Robinson, 'Two manuscriptsof the 70v-71r.Ceremonialweighingof Sháh Jahán.By Bola.
"Shahnama"in the Royal Library, Windsor Castle- 72v. Sháh Jahán receivingthree officers.By Bálchand.
2: Holmes l5l (A/6)', Burlington Maga:ine.
92v. Siegeof the fort of Dharur in Deccan.
F e b r u a r y1 9 6 8 ,p p . 1 3 3 - 1 3 8 . 94v. Execution of Khán-i Jahán Ludi and his co-
ident, Persian miniature painting .front collections in
conspiratore s .y ' Á b i d .
98v. Sháh Jahán receivesMuhammad 'Ali Beg, emis-
the British Isles,London 1967.p. 70. (Seealso referen-
ces listed there). sary of the Safavid Shah SaÍï.
Habïb Ma'r[f, 'Bah "daí'tar" nigartd chand nigar',
102v. Fort of Qandahár in Deccan under siege.By
l{ctshr-i danish, Year l0 no. 4 (Tehran, Khurdad-TTr Payàg.
1 3 6 91i 9 9 0 ,p p . 3 4 - 4 3 . ll6v. Portugueserepresentatives surrender to Sháh
Individual paintingspublished:seeB.W. Robinson. Jahán.
0rl. cií. l17r. Moghul forces take the Portuguese-occupied
port of Hooghly.
RCIN 1005032 l20v-121r. Processionbefore the marriage of Dárá
Hantse( Khamsahl of Nevá'r (Navá'i). ChaghatayTur- Shuknh at Akbarabad.
kish. Text dated Herat,897 i1492. l22v-123r. Muhammad Shujá' and Awrangzrb with
Miniatures: India: 6 Moghul miniatures by leading oÍicials in procession take wedding gifts to Dárá
I 7th century artists. Shuklh; front riders pass into the Fort. l22v by
5v. Nánhá and Manawhar (Manohar). Christian Muràd.
Resurrection scene: Christ, the Virgin Mary, and l24v-125r. Celebration of Dárá Shukfih's weddins.
angelsin Heaven. with fireworks.
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T St N T H E B R I T I S HR O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N L-)

l26v-I2lr. Marriage of Muhammad Shujá': proces- l3l miniaturepaintings:most depicthorsesof various

sion and celebration.
134r. Awrangzïb, aged 15, spearing a stampeding
tetheredelephant.By Bàlchand.
135v. Prince Khurram and Jahángrr striking the lion
which threw down Aníp Singh.
144r. Fort of Dawlatábád. with its three encircling
walls. By Murád.
147v. Muhammad Shujá' takes leave of Sháh Jahán
on setting out for Deccan. By Murád.
165r.Sháh Jahán shootingdeer, colourful sky.
166v. Servantsof Sháh Jahán travelling from Lahore
to Akbarabad; they carry a leopard on a bullock cart,
and bannersdepicting a lion.
l7.lr. Capture of the forts of Andlchah and Dhar-
m[ni. By Mrr Dlst.
176v.Sháh Jahán is shown the headsof Jujhár Singh
and hissonJasrai.
192r,'. Jahángir(?) receivingdignttaries.
194v. Jahángir (?) greetingPrince Khurram (?) By
Murád.
195r.Sháh Jahán holding audience.
204v. Sháh Jahán's generalreceivinghostagesfrom a
besiegedcity.
205v-206r.Shàh Jahán, arriving at Ajmer with retinue
and Dárá, is met by the keeperof the shrine.
214v. Sháh Jahàn receivingAwrangzrb. By Payág.
217v. Shàh Jahàn investing Awrangzrb with honours.
By Payág.
218v. Celebrationsfor the wedding of AwrangzTbat
Akbarabad: men on terrace,ladiesbelow, flreworks in
the background.
220v. Lion hunt: nets surround a lion and lionessas
they strive to protect their cubs. By Payág.
Published:Holmes, op. cit., p. 16 and plate 149;
Milo C. Beach, The Grand Mogul: imperial painting in
India, Williamstown, Mass.. 1978, pp. 78-85, 184.
J.P. Losty, The art o.fthe book in India. London, 1982,
: . E . B e g l e ya n d Z . A . D e s a i .
p p . 9 9 - 1 0 1T. r a n s l a t i o n W
eds., The Shah Jahan |lama o.f' Inavat K/lal. New
Delhi, 1990.
RCrN 1005020
Dtvan-i Khaqan. Persian. Iran: Qájàr 121611802.36r. Mujmal al-aqfar: one front leg white to above the
2 miniaturesby Mrrzá BábàNaqqásh'báshi.
l2v. Portraitof Àqá MuhammadKhán Qájár,founder 36v. Muhujjal al-mast'ar: both forelegs white up to
of the Qájárdynastyand fatherof the author.
13r.Portraitof Fath 'Ah Shah,authorof the poems. 37r. Muhajjal al-ntasrul:all four feet and legs white to
Published:B.W. Robinson,Persianmíniature painting
from collectionin the British 1sles,London 1967,pp. 37v. Muhajjul al-muzfar: some whitenesson one hind
78-9;and references listedthere.Sir William Ouseley,
Travels into various countriesoJ the East, vol. 3, 38r. Muha.jial-i arjul: whiteness on one foreleg (text
L o n d o n1 8 2 3p, . 3 7 2 .
R C I N 1 O O 5 O(3I I )
Faras'namah. Persian.
Afghanistan,Probablymiddle to later l9th century.
types and colours; a few depict mules and donkeys.
Folios 26r-41r,44r-87v.
Horses:
26r. Bahím-i shamah:dark brown, white mark (ghur-
rah\ on brow: stallion.
26v. Yak chasm-ilatím: chestnut,largerghurrah cover-
ing right eye; mare.
2Tr. Ghurra ghashr:dark brown, white spot covering
b o t h e y e s :s t a l l i o n .
27v. h[ughrib: dark tan, large spot over one eye and
eyebrow;stallion.
28r. Mughrib al-isnayn:dark tan. white spot over both
eyes;mare.
28v. Ghurr-i shavukh:black, midsize white spottapering
from top, from eyesto tip of nose: mare.
29r. Ghurr-i sa-vil:black, with long narrow white spot
from brow to tip of nose; mare.
29v. Ghurr-i ashrakh: dark brown, spot reaching end
of nose:stallion.
30r. Ghurr-i nruta:irr: black. spot narrow on part of
f a c e .b r o a d o n a n o t h e r :s t a l l i o n .
30r'. l'u::-i ttttutrlatr':dark tan. u'ith spot running
from brow to betweene1.eslsta11ion.
3lr. Ghurruh-'intunqaÍr':dark brown. alternativeterm
for any ghurrahon brow; stallion.
3lv. Secondghuruah'imunqatí':dark brown, spot ex-
tending from below eye to tip of nose; mare.
'us.furt:
32r. Ghurrah-'i dark brown. spot over both
eyesand entire width of centre of face; mare.
32v. Ghurr-i ash'ar: dark brown, tiny spot appearsas
white hairs over brow: mare.
33r. Ghurr-i ntu'amman:dark tan, larger spot between
eyesup to brow; stallion.
33v. Ta.i and att'sakh: white crown and tail, dark
brown: stallion.
34r. A.shghul: dark brown. white brow and taii; mare.
34r'. Mujntul ul-arba': dark brown, white marks on
and aboveall four hooves:mare.
35r. Mu.jntal al-ntujannab:dark brown. legs white to
aboveall four knees:stallion.
35v. Mujmal al-a'zam: white on one foreleg to above
knee.dark tan; stallion.
knee,dark brown; stallion.
knees:dark brown stallion.
above knees;chestnutstallion.
leg; stallion.
sayshind leg); dark brown horse.
38v. Muhajjal al-rat,amihva mutlaq al-savamill,some
whitenesson both hind legs;deepred stallion.
39r. Muhajial al-sat,amihva mullaq al-ravantift:white-
nesson both forelessrdeep red stallion.
 ')Á
M A N U S C R I P TO
S F T H E M I D D L E E A S Tó ( I 9 9 2 )

39v. Muhajjal al-1'anttnarnva mutlaq al-baravn. white- 55v. Ashhab-imarshush.or zabaní:white-greywith red
ness on one foreleg and one hind leg; dark brown or black patches(khADall over body; stallion.
stallion. 56r. Buz-i surkh: white, with red hairs; stallion.
40r. Muhaj.jalal-baravnmLttlaqal-t'amínat'n:whiteness 56v. Buz-i kuhlí, or buz-i surma'r: white, with black
on left fore- and hind leg; deep red stallion. mane,tail and extremities:stallion.
40v. Ashghal: whitenessjust above all four hoofs: 57r. Bu:-i mudannar:white, with red marks
fthAl all
dark brown stallion. over body.
4lr. Muhcunmal: whitenesssome way above all four 57v. Ashhab-i susaní: white, with yellowish-redhairs
hoofs; deepred stallion. all over: stallion.
44r. Adltant-inuní: reddish-black:stallion. 58r. As/ar: very bright yellow, almost gold (here painted
44v. Adham-i .iunr: more red. less black Íhan nunt: gold). some black mottling on body, mane and tail;
stallion. [Not illustra|ed: Adhctm-iahva: less black stallion.
than .jt1ní.with red around nostrils.] 58v. lAslar-i mashhurl: yellow, with black hairs.
45r. Adhant-i subh: lessblack than ahvá, reddish nos- yellowish-whiteneck, mane and tail; stallion.
trils. yellowish-redhypochondria:mare. 59r. As.far-imashhur(again): yellow. black mixed with
45t,. Aclhant-iahamm: black except for red (near to yellow on crown. tail, and brow; stallion.
ailn) nostrils:stallion. 59v. As/ar-i mushhur'.yellow. with black hairs mingled
46r. Ashclar:red inclining to yellow, saffronish,with with yellow on brow. crown and tail; stallion.
black line along the back. 60r. As/ar-i ntuclannar:yellow. very yellow body, 'moles'
46v. Ashqar-i bc1fir:red inchning towards black. with llke drnar coins same colour as body, white brow,
black predominant:stallion. mane and tail (here with black lower face and legs);
47r. A.shqor'-i tlanu: yellou,ishred: stallion. stallion.
47v. Ashqar-iamghar'.pure "red": stallion. 60v. As./ar-isumandí:yellow tending to red, with black
48r. Ashqar-i av'kall: red with whiteness on head. line (known to expertsas 'irnanrult)from shouldersto
brow and tail. tail: stallion.
48v. Ashqar-i asdá: llke adbas (brownish-red).but a 6lr. As./ur-iHabushr'.lighter yellow. blacknesssimilar
purer red. to samandt:stallion.
49r. Kumayt-i surkh: 'pure red' bay (here dark red- 61v.AsJar-i 'irsz:very yellow. "almost deep red (surkh),,.
dish); stallion. near weasel-colour('irs), rasu colour, with similar but
49v. Kumayt-i surkh-i muhajjal: deep red bay, with lessblack: stallion.
some whitenesson legs and brow; stallion. 62r. Asjur-i qullah: slightly darker and lessyellow than
50r. Kumavt-i akhlaJ':deep red bay, mixed with black. 'ir.sl
between the latter and samandí.
50v. Kumayt-i ahvá,or abkar..deep red bay with some 62v. As.far-iHaravr'. yellow tending to white,
lighter
black hair and blacknesson mane, lower legs. hoofs tail and mane: stallion.
and tail: stallion. 63r. Aklt:ar-i allantm: green all over, lighter than
51r. Kumal't-i ahamm: bay like aht'á but with very duy:uj (seebelow,).i.e. ash grey-b1ue.
especiallyaround
black face, hairs and tail; stallion. n o s t r i l s :s t a l l i o n .
5lv. Kuma-vt-imudammá: much lighter red bay. with 63v. Aklt:ur-i uthal: bluish-grey with greenish
tint,
light red hairs, vermilion colouring, greenishnostrils black mane. lower legs, tail. ear points, etc.; stal-
and thighs; stallion. lion.
52r. Kumayí-i mashvt:lightish deep red, with no white- 64r. Akhzar-i aw,raq:ash-greypredominates
over green
eness:stallion. (sob:1, tending to azure lluivarttt), deep black line
52v. Kumayt-i vardí: lighter bay, more ashqar Íhan from head to tail: stallion.
surkh, with some traces of whiteness,black mane, 64v. Dav:aj: body colour llke
ahantm. but with ash-
lower legs and tail; stallion. grey face, ears. nose; whole body often azure-grey;
53r. Ashhab-iabyaz: yellowish red with an admixture stallion.
of pure white; mare. 65r. Ablaq-i 'azru': piebald with much whitenessall
53v. Ashhab-i mulamma''.very white-grey, with some over exceptneck and head; stallion.
black and red hairs; stallion. 65v. Ablaq-i mutarraf'. piebald, white head and neck.
54r. Khaljun: veÍy white grey, few black hairs, no red; remainder can be any colour (here yellowish
red with
stallion. black tail); stallion.Seeplate 7.
54v. Ashhab-iqartasí:very white coat and hair, similar 66r. Ablaq-i munaqqat: piebald.
can be any colour;
to white of Aw,sàkh; often grey-eyedin one eye or near-identicalpattern all over
body; here three horses
both: stallion. together,mottled black, dark brown, and light brown;
55r. Ashhab-i am'at: very white, with small spots two stallions.Seeplate 7.
coveredwith hairs; horse needsto be clad for protec- 66v. Ablaq-i ajva/': piebald. belly
entirely red or (as
tion from animals: stallion. here) black, in contrast to rest of body (here white but
for mane and tail); stallion.
 MLHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTS ]N THE BRITISH ROYAL COLLEC]TION
67r. Ablaq-i mulammct".piebald, mottied in two colours
equally (here white and deep red); stallion.
67v. Ablaq-i muharnas: piebald with red ears and
brow, remainderin any two colours (here dark brown
and white); stallion.
68r. Ablaq-i aynat: piebald, white belly, remainder in
any contrasting colour (here deep red, with black
extremities): stallion.
68v. Ablaq-i akhraj piebald, white back and belly,
remainder in contrast (here reddish-brownwith black
mane and tail).
69r (above).Ahlaq-i tan: piebald,rump in two colours
(here black and white. the remainder white).
69r (below). Ablaq-i tan (again'),rump often (as here)
ushqar yeilowish-red,or maygun-i surkh (deep wine-
r e d ) ;s t a l l i o n .
69v. Ablaq-i tan (.again),often. as here, in two colours
equally (here white and red. with black mane and
tail):stallion.
70r. Ablaq-rsrs:freckledpiebald.largeand small spots
(nuqtah) scatteredover neck. around eyes. on rump
(herewhite horsewith red spots).
70v. fAhrash-i] sunabí: speckled. in a "blend of all
colours", with spots (khaldar), the hairs being red,
black. white and yellow (here mainly grey and white);
stallion.
7lr. Abrash-i mulamma': dappled, like sunàbïbut with
large white blotches like brand-marks, together with
deep red (here brownish with grey-white blotches.
black lower legsand tail): stallion.
'7|v.
dappledleither (a)
Ahrash-intat'gin-ídurra.í'shan:
white or (b) black and wine-redin equal proportion
(herewhite with evenred sheenall over): stallion.
T2r. Abrush(no other name): black. speckledall over
(here speckledwith white dots).
Mules:
72v. Davzaj: deep red, black mane, lower legsand tail;
male.
'black- 82v
73r. Adgham: ash-greyinclined to black (usually
faced'), tinged with green (here black mane, lower
legs.tail); male.
73v (above). Ashqar: red tending to yellow or white,
l1keashqarhorse; male.
73v (below). Aqmar: pure white except for parts of
face, ears,mane and tail; female.
74r. Qullah: Yellowish brown, with black extremities;
male.
74v (above). Ashhab: greyish-white,black mane and
tail: male.
74v (below). Da1'7aj: greenish-grey(not green as in
'cloud-coloured' (abrl line (here black lower legs.and tail).
adgham).with a
mane,lower legs,tail); male.
Donkeys'.
75r. [Light grey],mixed; male.
75v. Ashhab: blackish and reddish grey; male.
76r. Two together: (a) asvad: black, with white belly
(not shown); (b) akhzar, light grey, yellowish,between 85r. Da'irah-'i qali': round mark on flank or shoulder
sabz and ashqar:males.
l)
76v. Abraq: yellowish orange-brown (some blackness
here), between sabz and ashqar: ma\e.
77r (above). Ashqar: reddish light grey ("ashqar in
donkeys has some red and white"): male.
77r (below). Zal,tunt'. darker blackish-grey"between
black and ashqar" (here with black mane, lower legs,
tail); male.
Hor.ses.Maqaluh 3, bAb 2: types of horses that are
dislikedor weak.
78v. Zahanr-'i mubqo': grey, black hairs in tongue-
shapedmottled patterns all over body.
79r (above).Rasu:'weasel-coloured'. yellowish:mare.
79r (below).Buz: blue-grey;stallion.
79v (above).Elephant-grey(dark grey); stallion.
'Lion-coloured':
79v (below). tawny, with black mark-
ings all over.
80r (above). Deep reddish-brown,scatteredbrown
hairs on bell1":stallion.
80r (below). Dark brou'n. with over forty teeth (here
uith black mane.lou'er 1egs.tail): stallion.
80v (above).Deepish red. with very protruding teeth;
stallion.
80v (below). Adham (dusky black) with whitenessin
palate; stallion.
8lr (above).Stallion (here dark brown) with mark of
contrastingcolour on testes.
8lr (below). Horse with contrasting patch on brow
(here with black mane, lower legs, tail also); stal-
lion.
81v (above).Mark of contrastingcolour on eachtestis
(herebrownish-whitebody. black extremities).
8lv (be1ow).Circular markingsbelow eyes(hereblack
stallion).
82r (above). Circular markings either side of rump
near tail (deep red stallion).
82r (below). Circular markings near hoofs (black
horse).
(above). Circular markings on lower jaw (brown
horse with black mane, lower legs,tail).
82v (below). Circular marks on chin (red-yellow stal-
lion with black mane, lower legs,tail).
83r (above). Teeth curved like a boar's tusks (dark-
grey stallion).
83r (below). Teeth along which black lines run (red-
yellow stallion with black mane, lower legsand tail).
83v. Da'irah-'i muqavvad: round mark on neck near
mane (black stallion).
84r (above). Da'irah-'i muqa"ah: round mark on one
side of breast (red-yellow stallion with black mane,
84r (below). Da'irah-'i nafrzah:round mark (here black)
on both sidesof breast: stallion.
84v (above). Da'irah-'i nath: round mark on middle of
brow (deep red stallion).
84v (below). Da'irah-'i liham: round mark below ear
or throat (dark brown stallion).
(deep red stallion).
1-O MANUSCRIPTS OF THE MIDDLE EAST 6 íI992)

85v. Da'irah-'i tanaffus: round mark near nostrils lT . 62r: Akbar al-Dawlah.Bahá' al-Dawlahand Amrr
(black stallion). al-Dawlahpetitioningthe Prince; 1258.1842-3.
86r. Da'irah-'i khvurd: round mark betweengroin and 18. 66v: No caption. The Prince and lady, small
scrotum (deep red stallion). Írgures in spacious setting by tanks in palace court-
86v. Da'irah-'i najiz: round mark on scrotum (deep yard.
red stallion with black mane). l\iote; íhere is no ntiniature nttntheredl9 in the ms.,'
87r. Da'irah-'i latahvah (?): round white mark on t'rttntber.s git'en helott' di/Jèr/iont those in the nts. itself.
brow, only on black horses. 19. 69r: The Princewelcomedto a banquet by Nigár
87v. Da'irah-'imuharl'a: round mark closeto hairs of Mahall Sáhibah;1260r1 844-5.
brow below veins (red-brown stallion). 20.76r: Bashrral-Dawlahgivenrobe of honour by the
P r i n c e :1 2 6 0 , 1 8 4 4 - 5 .
21. 82r: The Princeand Qutb al-Dawlah playing sitar
RCrN 1005035 p r i v a t e l y :1 2 6 01, 8 4 4 - 5 .
'I.shqnamah.
Urdu. A poem by Wajid Ali Shah (Vájid 22. 85v: Yásmin Mahall Sáhibah with the Prince;
'Ali l2s9 I843-4.
Shah), King of Oudh, on his life and loves as a
prlnce. 23. 87r': Mastur [.src]Malikah ParrvashBilqis al-Nisá
Lucknow. India. Dated 1266 1849-50. w i t h t h e P r i n c e :1 2 5 91 8 4 3 - 4 .
The 103 miniaturesare numberedbelow becausethe 2,1.89r: Mast[r [.ric]Malikah Iklil al-Nisá with the
numbering found in the ms. is for the most part P r i n c e :1 1 5 9I 8 4 3 - . 1 .
incorrect.The dates given refer to the eventsdepicted. 2 5 . 9 1 r : S u l r á n - iJ a h á n M a h a l l S á h i b a h w i t h t h e
not to the paintingsthemselves. P r i n c e :1 2 5 91, 8 4 3 - . 1 .
l. 4r: Rahrman on a bed calling Prince Vájid 'Ali, then 26. 93v: Late Máhrukh Begam with the Prince; 1260,.
a y o u n g b o y , t o h e r s i d e ; 1 2 5 11i 8 3 5 - 6 . 1844-5.
2. 6v: Imaginary scene: Amrran with the Prince; 27. l}lr: Mirzá Sikander Hashmat with the Prince
I 2 5 0 ,I 8 3 4 - 5 . watchingdancersand musicians;1260/1844-5.
3. 9v: The Prince with Bannu [sicl Sàhibah Mugha- 28. 1l0r: Navváb Sáhib Bahádur,Daróghah Najm al-
'Azrm
láni: 1252,1836-1. Nisá. Alláh Kamrdàn and Yanr-i Tavá'if call
4. l2r: The Prince falls in love with a visitor: Hájji o n t h e P r i n c e :1 2 6 0 . 1 8 4 4 - 5 .
Khánum with an infant chiid; the Prince's grand- 2 9 . 1 1 3 v :N a j r b a l - D a w l a h .V a h r d a l - D a w l a h ,T a h s r n
mother Marl'am Markánr f.iirj is haloedand smoktng a l - D a u l a h a n d R a z r a l - D a w ' l a hc o m e t o s i n g ; t h e
a h o o k a h :1 2 5 01 8 3 4 - 5 . Prince sits behind curtain uith ladies.holding sitar:
5. l5r,: Imámi Khánum bringing ÁtUn Ha1lrKhánum 1 2 5 9 , 1 8 4 3 - 4 .
t o m e e tt h e P r i n c e ;1 2 5 0 r 1 8 3 4 - 5 . 30. 1l7v: The Prince listensto music with Najm al-
6. l7r: fláj1i Khánum Habashryahgives the Prince an Nisá, Sultán Mahall Yásmrn, Máhrukh Begam, H[r
ivory comb as she takesher leave; 1250/1834-5. Mahall, Najíb al-Dawlah, Qutb al-Dawlah, Razr al-
'Ali
T. 2lr: Enthronementof Muhammad Sháh and Dawlah, Vahid al-Dawlah, Tahsrn al-Dawlah. Bahá'
'lzzaï
investitureof the Prince; 125311837-8. al-Dawlah, Nishát al-Dawlah, Mast[rah, and
8. 25r: Imaginary sceneof M[ti (Moti) Khànum in Mukhlis Sáhibah; 1259| 1843-4.
love with the Prince: 1255,1839-40. In this and all 31. 12lv: The Prince in a room with Munná and
following miniatures.Prince Vájid 'A1ï has a grey halo Darfighah (Daroghah) Najm al-Nisá; 125911843-4.
edgedwith gold. 32. l25v: The Prince plays sitar with Dar[ghah, Munná,
9. 32v: Sáhib Khánum, a singer.showsthe Princethe and others;Anrs al-Dawlah plays tabla; 125911843-4.
burn on her thigh and receives sympathy: 1257i 33. l28v: Munnà, her wrists tied, brought to the
l84l-2. Pnnce; Diyánat al-Dawlah in attendance; 1259i
10. 36r: Masturah Khurd Mahall, sitting and playing I 843-4.
a game with the Prince and a lady, falls in love with 34. l32v: Dilrubà Mahall in a courtyard before the
h i m : 1 2 5 5 ,813 9 - 4 0 . Prince; 1260 1844-5.
11. 38v: MasturahMalikah Mihrtan Afsar al-Nisá 35. l39v: Sarfaráz Mahall invited by the Prince to sit
Nishát,with flowersin front of her face,beforethe with him; 126111845-6.
Prince; I I 2]551 I 839-40. 36. 142r: Màh'Liqá Mahall enters presenceof the
12.4lv: Accession of Amjad'Alï Shahand investiture Princewho, sits on a sofa on a dais; 125911843-4.
of the Princeas Heir Apparent;12581842-3. 37. l43r:'Ajá'ib Khánum invited by the Princeto sit
13.47t': Mrrzá SikanderHashmat(the Prince'sbro- with him in a garden; 126ll1845-6.
ther)arrives;Mast[rahalsopresent;125911843-4. 38. l45r: Caption: Shabth-iraftan-idargah.Procession
14. 52v Imaginarysceneof Najm al-Nisábeforethe of men in groups carrying ladiesof the court. through
Prince:1259i1843-4. a bazaar area of Lucknow in palanquins: food and
15.56v:Amïr al-Dawlahwith thePrince;1259i1843-4. spice shopsin background. No date.
16.59r: Mast[rahSur[r al-Sultánand ladymusicians 39. 152v: Tirchhi Ján Mahall with the Prince: 126li
with the Prince:1259i1843-4. I845-6.
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S HR O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N 27

40. l54r: Masttrah and Malikah Táj al-Nisáinvited 64. 228r: Hlr Mahall, grieving. awarded a robe of
to sit with the Prince;126111845-6. honour by the Prince after the death of her son;
41. l55r: Iftikhár al-Nisà beforethe Prince:l26li t 2 6 2 i t 8 4 6 -. 7
I 845-6. 65. 230v: Princethreatensservantswith a whip (taziy,a-
42. l57r: Dildàr Mahall entersroyal presence. 126ll nah-'i flaydarl: $ábit al-Dawlah, Vahháj al-Dawlah,
'Ali 'Ali
l 845-6. Haydar and Nigár beg him for forgiveness;
43. 158v: Huz[r Mahall before the Prince; 12601 t262i1846-7.
I 844-5. 66.233r: A woman. her hands tied to a tree. has her
44. 165r:Malikah Mah-i 'Alam entersroyal presence; hair shaved off on the Prince's order as a warning;
1261i1845-6. t 2 6 2 i t 8 4 6 -. 7
45. l68v:Musicians indoorsholdinginstruments: Tahsrn 67. 238r: Sarfaráz Mahall dances;the Prince plays
al-Dawlah,Ghulàm Nabï Khán, Musábib al-Dawlah, tabla. Vahháj al-Dawlah and Nigár 'Ali play sarangt;
Mutr' al-Dawlah,MulrammadHasan Khán, Musta- watchingare Razt al-Dawlah,Vahrd al-Dawlah,Najrb
qrm al-Dawlah,Iláhi'BakhshKhán, Vahïd 'Ali Khán, a l - D a w l a h .a n d H a y d a r ' A l i : 1 2 6 2 i 1 8 4 6 - 7 .
Niqár'Alr Khàn, and Sáhibal-Dawlah;126211846-7. 68. 239r: Sarfaráz Mahall. asleep.massagedby the
46. l74v: Khvurshïd'LiqàAmïr Mahall entersthe Prince; 1262 1846-7.
Prince'spresence; 1262 I 1846-7 . 69. 240r: The Prince eating with Sarfaráz Mahall:
41. 176r: Khvurshrd Mukhlis Sáhibah before the 1262i1846-7.
Prince;12621846-7 . 70. 241v: The Prince holds Sarfará2. who has been
48. l84v: iateSikandarMahallentersroyal presence, taken ill; 1262i1846-7.
t263 t847-8. 71.242v: Mastlrah. Nishát and Darlghah speakwith
49. l88r: The Princeand Razïal-Dawlahsit weeping the Princein a garden;126211846-7.
by a river; 126li1845-6. 72.245v: The Princereclineswith his head on the foot
50. l90v: Bihtar al-Nisá.with other iadiespresent, of Sarfaráz Mahall, watched by Hur, Yasmin, Máh'
entertainsthe Princeto a meal; 125911843-4. Rukh and Sardàr Khánum; 126211846-7.
51. I92r: Matb[' al-SultánBegamentersthe Prince's 73. 249v: The Prince speaks to Vahháj al-Dawlah
presence; 1260 I 1844-5. (prostrate), Sábit al-Dawlah. Anis al-Dawlah, and
52. l93v: Altáf al-Sultánentersthe Prince'spresence; Razr al-Dawlah; British soldier in background: 1262i
1260 i 1844-5. 1846-7.
53. l95v: Àrám al-Sultàn'Ináyat beforethe Prince; 74.251v: Mrr Ahmad singsa threnody(ntarsít'ah)and
1260 i 1844-5. Gawhar presentsa petltionto the Prince 1262i1846-1.
54.l97r: Árám al-SultánandZayn al-Nisàbeforethe 7 5 . 2 5 6 r : M a ' s h [ q a h - ' iK h a s sI M á h - i ' À l a m ] s i t s o n
P r i n c e1 ; 26li1845-6. sofa and speaksuith the Prince: 1262t1846-1.
55. 198v:Árám al-Sultànand Muti' al-Sultánbefore 76. 258r: Máh-i 'Àlam stands holding the Prince's
t h eP r i n c e l:2 6 l i 1 8 4 5 - 6 . hand: Lucknow in background 1262i1846-7.
56. 200r: Ráhat a1-Sultán beforethe Prince;1260r 77. 26lr: Dildár Mahall receivesan order from the
1843-4. Prince; British soldier in background: 1262i1846-7.
5'7.204v: Mast[rah Mahall (faceinvisible,haloed) 78. 263v: The prince standsholding Sarfaráz'swrist in
with the Princeon dais; Diyánat al-Dawlahstands; ornate room; 126211846-7. Seeplate 11.
attendantand Britishsoldierat door in background; 79. 269r: Ladies silently seated with the Prince in
l 2 6 ti t 8 4 s - 6 . chamber: Huzfir, Máh'Rukh, 'Ajá'ib, Sardár, Khvur-
58. 205v:Diyánatal-Dawlahand Gulbunal-Dawlah shrd, Dilruba, 126211846-7.
beforethe Prince;126111845-6. 80.27|v: Dilrubá showsthe Princeher arm, hurt by a
59. 209r: Sharif a1-Mulk, as Colonel Hàjjr Sharif, sitar plectrum, and receivessympathy; 126211846-7.
drilling British soldiers,watchedfrom roof by the 81. 275r: The Prince intervenesto stop a fight between
Princein militaryattire;126111845-6. Sarfaráz and Máh-i 'Àlam on terrace overlookins a
60. 2llr: Za'ir al-Dawlah, Hájjï Bilál 'Alï Khán, garden: 126211846-7.
DarDghah, Máh'Rukh Begam,Yásmin,and Mah'Liqá 82.2'79r:The Princeweepingas he looks at a portrait
seekthe Prince'sleaveto visit Kerbala;126ll1845-6. of Sarfará2,who then appears; 126211846-7.
61. 215r: Nlr'Afshán Karbalá'i brings the Princea 83. 282r: Sultán-i Jahàn shows the Prince a burn on
smallgift; 1260 i 1844-5. her thigh and receivessympathy 126211846-7.
62. 218v:The Princeawardsrobesof honourto Qutb 84. 289r: Dancers, musicians and spectatorsin gar-
al-Dawlah,Razïal-Dawlah,Najrb al-Dawlahand Vahrd den; palacein background; 126211846-7.
al-Dawlahon theirconversion to Shr'ism;126111845-6. 85. 302r: Party with fireworks: the Prince with Máh-i
63. 22lv: an imposïor (naqqa[)with a sabrebeing 'Alam, Sikandar Mahall, Anrs al-Dawlah, Razr al-
dealtwith by Razï al-Dawlahand Vahhàjal-Dawlah, Dawlah, Vahid al-Dawlah, Najrb al-Dawlah, Qutb al-
watchedby Qutb al-Dawlah and $ábit al-Dawlah; Dawlah, Nishát al-Dawlah, Musáhib al-Dawlah, Mutt
t263i 1847-8. al-Dawlah, Sáhib al-Dawlah, Mustaqrm al-Dawlah,
28 M A N U S C R I P T SO F T H E M I D D L E E A S T6 ( I 9 9 2 )
Tahsrn al-Dawlah, Sábit al-Dawlah. Vahháj al-Daw-
'Ah 'Ah,
lah, $aná and Vahrd in fancy dressas 'yogis':
126211846-7.
86. 306r: The Prince, RaTi al-Dawlah, Qutb al-Daw-
lah and Anrs al-Dawlah arrive at house of Chholr,
tribal dancer and musician,by night; 1262i1846-1.
87. 307r: Chholi falls in love with the Prince who
strokes her cat; Qutb al-Dawlah, Razr al-Dawlah.
Anrs al-Dawlah, and Vahid al-Dawlah in attendance.
88. 3l3r: The Prince plays sitar, and AnIs al-Dawlah
tabla, next to a prostitute, with Razr al-Dawlah, Qutb
al-Dawlah, Vahháj al-Dawlah and $àbit al-Dawlah;
1262it846-7.
89. 3l7r: Màh-i 'Àlam strikes a watchman with a
golden whip in the Prince's presenceas penalty for
making a false accusation; 126211846-7.
90. 319r: Darughah is refused an audience, 1262i
t846-1.
91. 322v: The Prince bestowsrobes of honour upon
'Ah.
Amïr al-Dawlah.Munshr Ja'far
'Ah
Rawshan Khán. Razi al-Dawlah. Rája Káshi
Rám. Diyánat al-Dawlah.Mirzà Husayn'Ali. Mas'[d
'Ali
a n d $ á b i t a l - D a w l a h ;1 2 6 2i 1 8 4 6 - 7 .
92. 326r:Night party outsidea pavilion.The Princewith
Sikandar Hashmat and ladies: Dildàr Mahall, Shá-
hansháh,Sardár, Sarfará2.Mast[rah,
Dilrubá. H[r. Máhrukh; Razr al-Dawlah, Vahid al-
Dawlah and Najrb al-Dawlah present; other ladies
watch from a pavilion; 1262i1846-7.
93v: The Princeon elephantin processionat a mela in
Mina Bazaar; with troops, most in British uniform:
spectatorsflank the route; 1262i1846-7.
94. 339v: Court ladieswith dancersand musiciansat
outdoor party on night of full moon; the Prince is not
present;1262i1846-7.
'Ah
95. 357r: Coronation (julus) of Vájid as King;
small angels on palace chamber bear the crown; the
Residentis the sole Briton present;1263i1847-8.
ltioÍe: in tlrc rentainingntiniature.sKing Vojid'Alt w'eors
u cro\t'n.
'Álam
96.376v: Khusraw Begamand Mumtáz-i Qay-
sar Begamwith the King; 1263i1847-8.
97. 379r: Matlub al-Sultán Begam before the King;
t263i t847-8.
98. 380v: Huzur al-Sultán Umráw (Umrao) Begam
beforethe King: 1263i1847-8.
99. 382r: Bàdhsháh Begam with the King; 1263i
I817-8.
AnTsal-Dawlah. 100. ,107r':Mughul Sáhibah with the King; 1263i
I817-8
l 0 l . , t l 5 r , : M a h b [ b a h - ' i ' Á l a m f a l l sf r o m t h e c a r r i a g e
while riding in Bágh-i Mubárak with the King and
ladies; 1263i1847-8.
102.428v: The King forcing [Umráw] Begam Sáhibah
'IzzaÍ,
Yasmrn, to vomit after sheate opium and felt ill; 1265/1849-50.
103. 430r: Mughul Sáhibah having burnt her thigh,
the King inspectsit and sympathizes;126411848-9.
M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y , I S L A M I C M A N U S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S H R O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N 29

Pfate L Nasrhat al-ummah. RCIN 1005006,f. 52v. Holo-

graph colophon and conclusionof text, wherein the author
contends that more than one man can bear the title of
Mahdi. Sudan, 129911882.
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 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y .I S L A M I CM A N U S C R I P T ISN T H E B R I T I S HR O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N 33

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36 M A N U S C R I P T SO F T H E M I D D L E E A S T 6 ( I 9 9 2 )

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opening of text. Afghanistan, 19th century.
 M U H A M M A D I S A W A L E Y . I S L A M I CM A N U S C R I P T ISN T H E B R I T I S HR O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N
37

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P I a t e 9 . Hamse of Nevá'r.RCIN 1005032, f. lv. Illumination and opening of Hal.ret ul-ebrar;
c a l l i g r a p hbyy S u l t á n'Alr Mashhadi. Herat. 897 i1492.
38 M A N U S C R I P TO
S F T H E M I D D L E E A S Tó ( I 9 9 2 )

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f.300v.colophonby Sultàn'AhMashhadi.
Herar.29 Rctht'
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 \ Í U H A \ { l \ ' Í A D I S A ' T V A L E \ 'I.S L . { \ í l C ' \ Í A N t , S C R I P T SI N T H E B R I T I S HR O Y A L C O L L E C T I O N 39

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RCIN 1005035.f. 263v. Prince Vájid 'Ali with Sarfaráz Mahall. Lucknow. 1266 1849-50
40 M A N U S C R I P T SO F T H E M I D D L E E A S T6 ( I 9 9 2 )

Plate 12. Moghul album of calligraphyand miniatures.RCIN 1005068,painted doublure of lowercover.

Moshul. lSth centurv.