Steelwork Design Guide to BS 5950: Part 1: 1990 Volume 2 Worked Examples (Revised Edition) The Steel Construction Institut ene> is The Steel Construction Institute. Its aim is to promote the proper and effective use of steel in construction. Membership is open to all organisations and individuals that are concerned with the use of steel in construction, and members include clients, designers, contractors, suppliers, fabricators, academics and government departments. SCI is financed by subscriptions from its members, revenue from research contracts, consultancy services and by the sales of publications, SCI's work is initiated and guided through the involvement of its members o: advisory groups and technical committees. A comprehensive advisory and consultancy service is available to members on the use of steel in construction. 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Construction Institute 1991 Instituut voor Staalbouweonstructie Institut de la Construction Métallique Staalkonstruktion Institut Institut fir Stahlbau Instituto da Construgio Metilica Istituto di Costruzioni in Acciaio Luonroire SeSnpiv Karacxevin Instituto de la Construccién MetalicaSCI PUBLICATION 002 Steelwork Design Guide to BS 5950: Part 1: 1990 Volume 2 Worked Examples (Revised Edition) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Steelwork design guide to BS 59S0: Part 1: 1990 Vol. 2: Worked examples 1, Steel structures. Design 1. Steel Construction Institute 624.1821 ISBN 1 870004 00 (Set) ISBN 1 870004 59 0 (Volume 2, Revised Edition) (ISBN 1 870004 02 7, First Edition) © The Steel Construction Institute, 1991 (Reprinted 1993, 1998) ‘The Steel Construction Institute Silwood Park, Ascot Berkshire SL 70N Telephone: 01344 623345 Fax: 01344 622944Introduction to Second Edition ‘This volume is intended to provide practising engineers, and students, with a guide to meeting the requirements of BS 5950: Part 1: 1990 Structural Use of Steelwork in Building and contains worked ‘examples which have been prepared to give a detailed indication of the process of designing members to this Code. ‘The worked examples deal with all the checks required by the Code and point out those which will normally be critical in the circumstances in which any of them will govern the design. The ‘emphasis has been to illustrate the points in the Code rather than attempt to match practical cases exactly. In addition to the design of simple elements, a number of frames and combinations of members have been, included. Generally the solutions illustrated are aimed at the most economical use of steel but itis ‘emphasized that other solutions may be equally acceptable, No consideration has been given to factors ‘governing erection and fabrication; the inclusion ofthese factors and the standardization of sizes may well lead to general overall economy. ‘Minor errors in the previous edition have been corrected and the book has been revised to conform to the ‘equirements of the 1990 version of the Code. Marginal notes showing the appropriate reference to BS 5950: Part 1: 1990 are given as follows: Clauses 4.6.2.1 Tables Table 27 References to pages in Steclwork Design Guide, Volume 1 (also published by SCI) are given in square brackets, thus [102]. ‘The publication was compiled by Mr Yahya Cuneyt Kurama and Mr Ip Luen Lee under the direction of MrJC Taylor and Mr A $ Malik of the Steel Construction Institute.Contents Inwoduetion Example 1 Simply supported beam with full lateral restraint. Introduction to Examples 2 10 5. Example 2 Simply supported beam with restraint at load spplication points Example 3 Simply supported beam without intermediate lateral restraints. Example 4 Beam with end moments and lateral restraints. Elastic design. Example $ Beam with end moments without lateral restraints, Elastic design. Example 6 Simply supported stiffened plate girder. Example? Column with both ends pinned, Example 8 Column with pinned ends and intermediate restraint. Example 9 Continuous column in simple construction. Example 10° Laced strut. Bxample 11 Battened strut, Example 12 Continuous beam . Elastic and plastic design. Example 13 Portal frame. Plastic design. Example 14 Roof trus, using T's and angles. Example 15 Gantry girder, using a UB with a plated top flange. ‘Example 16 Beam to beam connection with flexible endplate Example 17 Beam to column connection with web cleats. Example 18 Portal frame eaves connection. Example 19 Columa bearing splice. Example 20 Column splice with bending moment. Example 21 Beam splice Example 22 Base plate without bending moment. Example 23. Base plate with bending moment. Example 24 Tubular atice bear, ii Page mn a an an mn on ™ sa on ton un or BA wn isn 16 m7 1 19 20/1 an an 2 ranExample 1 Simply supported beam with full lateral restraint ‘The beam shown in Fig, 1.1 4s fully restrained along its length and has stiff bearing of 50 nm at the supports and 75 mm under the point load. For the loading shown design the beam in Grade 43 steel. ee wo 4 ! al Fs a = - li i weg tm Wey th, ath of ie lt. = _ Dimensions in rm unless otherwise noted Fig. 1.1 Yoading (unfactored) Dead loads: Distributed load (including sel€ we) wy = 15 kW/m Point load Wy = 40 Inposed loads: Distributed load w= 30 Ravin Point load We = 50 kw Iosd factors Deed load factor Yeq 7 24 Inposed load factor Yey = 1.6 Factored loads w= Wg ea tM Yes Wo 1S 1449016 = 69 Rn W = Ma Yea tM Yep Wo 40x14 4501.6 = 136 Span of beam. Lb =65m Design moment: Maximum moment cocurs ; we WL x6. at the centre: Mo = pe ee @ fa 8 = 585 kate - by ~ ox 136 Rethoends Ry Me ple PEES 4 LE. oy 69 x 6.5 SEES 67.8 ev Note: A simple beam is initially designed for bending to determine a section size. A section is selected with a suitable manent capacity. This will nommally be done by reference to the appropriate capacity table in Volume 1, This initial menber size is then checked to ensure its suitability in all other respects. " 24.12 Table 2 2.4.41 4.2.24‘Bry 533 x 210 x 92 UB Manent capacity M, = 652 ian Depth D = 533.1 mm Width Bo = 209.3 mm Web thickness t= 10.2 mm Flange thickness T = 15.6 mm Depth between fillets d= 476.5 mm Root radius r= 127m Section classification Reference to Vol. 1 shows this section to be "plastic". Without Vol. 1, since a simply supported beam is not required to have any plastic rotation capacity, it is sufficient to ensure that the section is compact. For T = 15.6am Design stzesth py By 2 2s! Ri? e- [Z| " ee [33] * : Py LB B 209.3 d-3 > = mBa b 24047 BBY Conpact Limiting value of b/T for outstand of a rolled section is 9.5e 9.5 = 9.5x1 =9.5 d _476 t 710.2 ad Compact Limiting value of d/t for a web with neutral axis at mid~ depth is 98. 98 = 98 x1 Since b/T < 9,5e and d/t < 98 the section is compact 98 ‘Shear buckling Since d/t < 63¢ no check for shear buckling is required. Note: This check is unnecessary for rolled sections but may be critical for plate girders. Chock saction for combined menent and shear (A) Maxims noment_and conexiatent shear Tat the centre of span) shear capacity Fy 0.6 BA, spear area ATA, 9 20.24500.1 = 5000 a By = 0.6 x 275 x 5438 x 10° 897 kay 0.6% 897 = 538 KN Design shear force =F = F, F, = 67.8 we C30) [26] (i30) 3.42 Table 6 Table 7 Note 3 Fig. 3 3.5.3 Table 7 ‘Table 7 Note 2 4.2.2.3(a) 4.2.3 (rao)Since Fy < 0.6 Py 67.8 < 538 moment capacity for compact. section Mm py SS1L2 py z where S = plastic modulus By S = 275 x 2370 x10 = 652 iain and Z= elastic modulus 1.2 py 2 .2 x 275 x 2080 x 10° 86 kat, 2 OMS = 652 kam Design manent at the centre, M Mo = 585 Kata Since M 0.80 x 158 = 126 tn = table 13 a 96 x 8s tl Botany 7229 ae table 14 Note 1 = 0.95 Table 14 e = 0,859 (27) Dapp = 1:0 x 0.859 x 0.95 x 96 = 78.3 For py = 215 Wem io 169 N/a 7 ie By 7 169 het 5 = SP, My = 1090 x 169 x 10” = 184 Kean Be Since fi < M, 126 < 164 length BC ia 0.K, for lateral torsional buckling. 44(444) Length co Tyg = 0.85% (a3 explained for length AB) Ty = 2550 mm sy, Hmmm 94 B = Zt --0.0 am = 0.45 M = 0.45 x 231 = 104 kim M, do the sane as for length AB M, = 212 tern Since H is 0.K. for lateral torsional buckling. In this example therefore lateral torsional buckling is not critical and the maximm noment at A governs the design of the beam, Check for of the web ‘These checks should be carried out at the supports and at the points of load application. However, as the loads at the supports are transferred through the end plates, there is no need to check the web at those points. Maximm load applied through the flange is 152 Wai at point B. the beam above is also a 457 x 152 x 52 UB. (i) Bearing (Fig. 4.4) Local capacity of the web Porip = 0 +m) t Py 4 ot Ca A bot +2 + 22a b= 7.6 +2 x 10.9 +2 x (2-2) x 10.2 = 41.3 mm Note: he value of b, is obtained by taking 45° Lines tangentially to the fillet (see Example 2). my 2.5 x (e+ T) x2 m= 2.5 x (10.2 + 10.9) x2 = 106 ae, * Porip = (41.3 + 106) x 7.6 x 275 x 10 308 kN 45 Table 18 4.5.3 (26) 4.5.1.3 (iai)Force applied through the flange Eat) < Pay Since F, < Pozi, no bearing stiffener is required. (ii) Buckling (Fig. 4.5) Buckling resistance of the unstiffened web Rr HRY ER = 182 kv 152 < 308 Force applied through the flange RoW Since F, 120 150 > 120 a the web 49 slender. since @ > 62 180 > 63 table 7 tthe web mist be checked for shear buckling as given in 4.4.4.2. Note 2 Dimensions of webs and flanges 4.4.2 Assuming stiftener spacing a > d 4.4.2.2 “o FL seth) 4.4.2.2(b) tz hy 255 * 250 or) o 4 Since t > 28 B>78 web is O.K. for serviceability. Assuming stiffener spacing a > 1.54 44.2.2 a & a Pt, . 265 tad Gf) oy GE) = 7.0228 6.0m 4.42.30) Since t > 38, Gxt 13>6. 250 ‘Sas ) 0 the web is 0.K. to avoid flange buckling into the web. a3Note: For hybrid girders, ie. those using higher grade steel for the flanges than for the web, due account should be taken of the variation in design strength between the components parts. In this example Pyg 7 265 Nh and py 7 275 Wee For sections with slender webs (d/t 2 120e) or thin webs (d/t 2 638) and provided the flanges are not slender three methods of design are given. Method (a) will be used in this example. ‘The morent is assured to be resisted by the flanges alone and the wab designed for shear only. ‘the web = 265 Neat 1990 mm rae " 700 x 40 = 28000 mm xT -« M, = 265 x 28000 x 1990 x 10 4766 kaka Maximum design morent M = Mg, M = 14028 atm Since M doy 75.3 > 65.2 tension field action mist be used. Rasic shear strength q, gq, = 98.8 N/m Shear buckLing resistance of the panel, Vy = gy dt Vy, © 98.8 x 1950 x 13 x 10"° = 2505 Kv Yaximm shear force in the panel, -F,_= 1910 Since Fy < Vp 1910 < 2505 panel BC 0.K. for shear buckLing. Consider panels OD and DE Although the maxima shear forces on panels CD and DE are less than that cn panel BC, both panels should be checked for shear due to increased stiffener spacing, a. However, calculations (not included here) will show that both panels CD and DE are satisfactory in this respect. Note: Because tension field action has been used to design the end panel BC, special consideration must be given to the design of the end post. consisting of a double stiffener. Consider end post AB (with double stiffener) ‘The end post should be checked as a beam spanning between the flanges of the girder capable of resisting a shear force Rpg and a monent Me due to the anchor £0r0e/ 65.2 N/m op 8 for panel Bo Se" Hy = 0.75 x 1950 x 13 x 275 66 Table 2b ‘Table 22b 4454.1, 4.4.5.4.3 ©) 4.4.5.4.4@ ds the distance between the stiffeners making up the end post. Assure @ = 2 Be Since Ree > By 300 mm 0.6 x 275 x 13 x 300 x 10° 643.5 kW 2033 > 643.5 ‘the end post would appear incapable of carrying the shear force. But, since £, = Pys Fys ‘Tey stiffener 2 flats 200 mx 16mm A = Allow 12 mm cope for web/flange weld, Gheck stiffener for buckling 75.3 < 98.8 73.3 = 65.2 _ BBB = 65.2 ~ 0-90 0.30 x 4066 = 1220 kav 2220 2 610 ev 610 < 643.5 1220 x 1950 3 ABT E1980 19) 238 kat cue to bearing, 1910 ki (conpressive) 0.8 x 1910 49. 2 SE x 10° = 5956 mm 2 x 188 x 16 = 6016 ant The effective section of the stiffener, as shown in Fig. 6.5, is in accordance with the code. i ome —- 4.4.5.4.4 4.5.4.2 45.4.2 45.14 4.5.1.5iz Ay = effective area of stiffener Ay = 6400 + 520 x 13 = 19160 mm i. sy % [ 402 x 10 ry 7 [Waser | 7 845 em Flange restrained against rotation in the plane of the stiffener I 0.7L “ Ig 7 0.7 x 1950 = 1365 nm Te _ 1365. a = m3" 16.2 ‘The stiffeners are compression menbers fabricated fram plate by welding. When determining the value of p, the design strength should be reduced by 20 N/mm because the stiffener is attached to a welded section. For design strength of 275 N/mm use 255 N/mm when using Table 27. For py = 255 Nami, 2 = 16.2 By = 255 Wim 4 Buckling resistance of the stiffener P= Po Ap Py = 255 x 13160 x 10” = 3956 HN Since F, a2 3000 > 2758 70 ae 0.75 x 2950 x 13" 321 x 10° met For a < a2 2500 < 2758 = 15.x1950" x 13° 2500" 391 x 20° mm ‘Tey intermediate stiffeners 2 flats 100 mm x 13 mm 13x13" nye 1047 10° am on te wisn, r * Sh aN 446 4.4.6.4 44.604 4.5.1.2Buckling check on intemediate stiffener at C Design force on the stiffener F7V-V, vo = 1680 Kv V, is the sraller value of V,, for panel BC or @. Vy, for panel @ will be the staller because a/d is the greater. Voge * Gop & eae 000 ee FOr panel @ a = 200 -154 a aa $= 150 = 275 N/a og = 98.2 Nom Vog = 88.2 x 1950 x 13 x 107 1475 kN 1475 ev = 1680 - 1475 = 205 KN Buckling resistance of the intermediate stiffener at C is P, —————E—E —E———_———_—E CN B23 , 520213 _ 13 - arc _ 12 1086 x 10° mt A = 200 x13 + 520 x13 9360 mm : 1056 x 10" ¥ % Sa = 33.6 mm tg = 0.7 x 1950 = 1365 mm = 3365 33.6 st hae 610 “2 aug 44.6.6 4.4.5.3 Table 2b 45.1.5For p, = 255 Nim, X= 40.6 B= 221 Nit Pym PA Py 7 221 x $360 x 10"? = 2069 KN shove Fy < Py 208 < 2069 intermediate stiffener at C is 0.K. Note: In most cases a naminal stiffener will be 0,K. for intermediate stiffeners without external loads INTERMEDIATE STIFFENER AT C, D & F: ADOPT 2 FLATS 100 mm x 13 nm GRADE 43 STEEL stiffener at & Intermediate stiffener subject to external load For panel DE 275 N/a 55.2 N/m 55.1 x 1950 x 13 x 10” 1397 kN Fy = 1082 = 1397 Fa $s negative ie. no tension field action -F=0 = 0 Fy, = 760 kav Buckling resistance of load carrying stiffener at E, P, ‘Try intemediate stiffeners 2 flats 100 mn x 13 mm. pene am Because Ly = 0.7 L (flange assumed restrained against rotation in the plane of the stiffener) P,, = Pj as calculated for stiffener at C Since Fy < Py 760 < 2069 stiffener at B is 0.K. for buckling. 2069 Yat Minimum stiffness check is 0.K. as calculated for stiffener at C STIFFENER AT E: ADOPT 2 FLATS 100 mm x 13 mm GRADE 43 STEEL ant Table 27c 4.4.6.6 Table 2ib 4.4.6.5Web check between stiffeners Where load is applied between the stiffeners the web should be additionally checked. Compressive stress on the compression edge, fy, of the web should not exceed the compressive strength for edye loading, Pys- fog § Pog Since the U.D.L. is the same throughout, check the largest panel only. <2 N/a 2B fea" When the compression flange is restrained against rotation relative to the vae[ 205+] <9 ct 1,79 150 Bag 28-7 Nm Since ag < Pog aa < 30. the web is 0.8 for all panels. Not (1) Size of intemediate stiffeners can be reduced but practical, stiffener sizes have been adopted. 2) Intermediate stiffener at F could be left out. (3) Other positions of stiffeners are possible. FINAL GIFDER ALL GUDE 43 STEEL Aen sets ; ; | | | wos son | wo en sino - ~® | = 3 Fig. 6.8 tt ene 4.8.2.2Example 7 Column with both ends pinned Design the colum shown in Figure 7.1 in Grade 43 steel. Te is pin ended about both x-x and y-y axes and the load given is the factored axdal load. Design of compression members. Design axial compressive load F F = 2500 kv Béfective length 1, = L about beth axes Tg = 6000 mm Rey 856 2 360 x OU = PL, = 3100 HN) Width Bo = 368.3 mm Depth between fillets = 290.2 mm Flange thickness T =17.5 am Web thickness to 10.7 1m Radius of gyration re = 15.6.am Radius of gyration By 79.39 an ‘Area of section A = 165 ow Section classification Here it is sufficient to show that the section is not slender. For T2175 mm Py = 265 Nia % | zs | *. « -[w]*- Bo. 2 10.5 Semi-conpact Limiting value of b/T for outstand of a rolled section is Ise, ie = 15 x 1.02 = 15.3 ao. ¢ 27 7H a7 4.7.20) ‘Table 24 [86] (32,33) Table 6 Table 7 Note 3 Table 7 (32)Seni-conpact Limiting value of d/t for web subject to compression throughout for a rolled section is 39e Since b/'t < 1Se and d/t < 39 Compressive strength Pp, 39e = 39 x 1,02 = 39.8 10.5 < 15.3 and 27.1 < 39.8 $000 ao x10? = 63.9 < 180 ‘The relevant strut curve is first determined For buckling about x-x axis, use strut curve 27(b) and For buckling about y-y axis, use strut curve 27(c) with eclmauiec Since F Ay buckling about y-y axis governs due to a lower strut carve 2110). pe 7 220 Nit RP, = 114% 220x10' = 2508 kN since F 2, the section should he taten 28 having compression Uroughout. nce, Sf alt < 3%, there Le no need to detemise & ond the section can bo clastfied ao capact. 3 = 39x1 = 39 Since b/T < 9.5e and d/t < 3% 1.23 < 9.8 and 17.3 < 39 the section is compact. Colums in sinple construction Since only nominal moments are applied, the colum should satisfy the relationship Jn calculating Mj, the equivalent slendemass {a taken a5 Iya = 0.8 U/sy. In milti-storey colums which aze effectively continous at their splices! the ‘Ret monent applied on any one level should be divided between the colism Jengths above and below that level in proportion to the stiffness 1/t of each ength, except that when the ratio of the stiftnesses does not exceed 1.5, the manent may be divided equally, Peplied axial load, FL = 27246320 = 1100 ew 93 Table 6 Table 7 Note 3 Table 7 Table 7 Note 1 477 477To calculate Pp. Since T= 14.2 nm < 16 mm Py = 275 Nit Assuming that the main beam and the secondary beams are not required to carry more than 908 of their reduced mement capacity, then at level (2) dixectional restraint is provided to the colum for buckling about both axes; hence the effective lengths are: Tex Igy = 0-85 be Igy * Igy = 0.85 x 3000 = 2550 mm ee ny, = $8 x 10 = 20.5 < 180 2550 ag? dy = Bx? = 49.1 < 100 For yg = 28-5, Poy = 263 Nine? For Ay = 49.1) Poy = 222 N/mm Pe = 222 Nina Ay Po 7 75.8 x 222 x 10' = 1683 ia To calculate M,. Total monent at level (2) fron main bean M, = Re, eg25 then the ment at level 2 should be divided in proportion to the stittness T/L of each Length. L My, 7M EFT, Mo 7 Ste 49 owe 000 Me 7 74x 30pp 7 25 ken My, = 49 kein 914 Table 6 4.7.21) Table 24 4.7.3.2 4.7.3.2 Table 27 Table 27¢ (87) 4.7.6(a) @ 4.7.7ne 0"* = 28.9 For py = 275 N/smi and Ay = 28.9 By = 25 Nia! 4, = 652 x 275 x 10° = 279 iamn Ma 7 279-Hatn ce oO y qog , a9 - Tees +79 +0 = 0.66 40.27 = 0.93 <2 ADOPT FOR COKMN (1)-(2) 203 x 203 x 60 UC GRADE 43 SmmEL Consider colum (2)-(3) ‘ey 203 x 203 x 60 0 Section classification Section is the same as for colum (1)-(2) and is therefore compact. Overall buckling check Fe Me Re oe tek <1 Applied axial load, Fy = 118 + 192 = 310 To calculate p, Py = 275 N/m Effective length At level (3) the main beam provides directional restraint for buckling about the x-x axis but the secondary beams do not. do so for buckling about the y-y axis. Hence 0.70 = 0.70 x 6000 lax te Hex Ygy = 0.051, Ty 7 0.85 x 6000 4200 sa 5100 mm Mc Bog ¥ 10 = 46.9 < 180 $100 ig? cog gc a, = BMG x10? = 99.3 < 100 Ford, = 46.9, pi = 240 N/m Fork, = 98.3, poy = 128 N/mm Re = 128 Nit OY 78.8 x 128 x 10> = 970 iav & & ' 95 Table 11 4.3.7.3 [ive] 47.7 ant 4.7.21) Table 24 ‘Table 24 4.7.3.2 4.7.3.2 Table 27> Table 27¢ Ce7]‘To calculate My ‘Total moment at level (3) from main beam M, = Re, > 202.5 + 100 = B+ 100 e, = 2026 + 100 = 205 am My = 162 205 x 107 = 33 1am Ko Mo 33 em M725 Rie M, = 33 kin To calculate Mag oem nce _ + dag = 25 G00 10"? = 51.8 For py = 275 Wn! and Ayg = 57.8 Pp = 218 Nit My" Se Pb My = 652 2218 x10? = 142 Jan My © 102 wn ave Bee ee BY eB concer 023-0851 Hence section 0.*. Note: Tt is possible to reduce the size of length (2)-(3) but the same section would be used throughout to avoid any colum splice. ADOPT FOR COUN (2)~(3) 203 x 203 x 60 UC GRADE 43 STREL Table 11 (are)