CHAPTER I

ARTICLE

Title : Smartphone-Controlled Cells Keep Diabetes in Check

Website : http://spectrum.ieee.org/the-human-
os/biomedical/devices/smartphonecontrolled-cells-keep-diabetes-in-check

Smartphones can already control homes and cars, and diagnose diseases. Chinese and
Swiss researchers now show that a smartphone can command engineered cells implanted in
diabetic mice to produce insulin. The researchers demonstrated a clever closed-loop system in
which a digital glucometer transmits data on the rodents’ blood glucose levels to a smartphone,
which processes the data and then signals the implanted cells to deliver insulin. This is a step
towards “a new era of personalized, digitalized precision medicine,” says Haifeng Ye of East
China Normal University, who led the work reported in Science.
Cell-based therapies are a radical new medical treatment option being investigated by
researchers. The idea is to turn cells into disease-fighting weapons by engineering them to
produce therapeutic chemicals and proteins that they would churn out once implanted in the
body. Living white blood cells, for instance, have been designed to fight cancer, HIV, and other
diseases. Hundreds of cell therapies are undergoing clinical trials but none can be controlled
from outside the body.
Ye and his colleagues have come up with an innovative way to add smarts to cell-based
therapy. They chose diabetes as the target disease. They initially inserted light-sensitive bacterial
proteins into mammalian cells. When exposed to far-red light (wavelength of about 730
nanometers), the protein activated a genetic pathway that caused the cells to produce insulin.
After that success, they team made dime-size devices in which circular power-receiving
coils surround a hydrogel that is embedded with the engineered cells and far-red LEDs. These
devices were implanted under the skin of diabetic mice. When an external transmitting coil
wirelessly switches on the LEDs via electromagnetic induction, their light triggers the cells to
produce insulin in the animals.
The team made three things to remotely control the engineered cells: a custom-
engineered Bluetooth-active glucometer, an Android-based smartphone app, and an intelligent
control box that controls the power-transmitting coil.
When the researchers place mice blood samples on the glucometer, it sends
measurements to the smartphone via Bluetooth. The phone app compares these levels to a pre-set
threshold, then signals the control box to turn on the power-transmitter coil, which switches on
the LEDs long enough for the cell implant to deliver the right amount of insulin.
The animals’ blood glucose typically went down to nondiabetic levels within two hours
of irradiation. The system maintained the blood glucose concentration in mice for 15 days
without any side effects. After that it could be replaced, Ye says, but “a much longer
performance or replacement frequency of the implant needs to be further investigated in
humans.”
One big limitation of the system is that it needs manual blood draws. Another is that the
animals need to be close to the transmitting coil and be exposed to EM radiation to switch on the
LEDs. But a bit more engineering could yield a diabetes monitoring-and-treatment system that is
fully automatic and portable. A continuous glucose monitor could send blood sugar
measurements to the user’s phone. The phone would trigger a battery-powered LED wristband to
shine light on the implanted insulin-producing cells.
 CHAPTER II
PARAPHRASING
2.1. PARAPHRASING
2.1.1. Original paragraph
Cell-based therapies are a radical new medical treatment option being investigated by
researchers. The idea is to turn cells into disease-fighting weapons by engineering them to
produce therapeutic chemicals and proteins that they would churn out once implanted in the
body. Living white blood cells, for instance, have been designed to fight cancer, HIV, and other
diseases. Hundreds of cell therapies are undergoing clinical trials but none can be controlled
from outside the body.
2.2.2. Paraphrased paragraph
Researcher is investigating a radical new medical treatment option known as cell based
therapies. The idea is to produce therapeutic chemicals and proteins that would churn out once
implanted in the body through engineering which turns cells into disease fighting. Cancer, HIV
and other diseases are fought by the living white blood cells. Clinical trials are being undergone
by hundreds of cells yet none can be controlled from outside the body.
 2.2. VOCABULARY

No. Word Part of Synonym Antonym Meaning New Sentences from

Speech synonym
1. Rodent Noun test subject, - salah satu mamalia plasenta yang The researchers use test
test animal relatif kecil yang merupakan ordo animal to check the quality of
Rodentia, memiliki gigi insisivus HIV vaccine
yang terus tumbuh yang khusus untuk
menggerogoti. Kelompok ini
mencakup landak, tikus, tikus, tupai,
marmut, dll
2. Therapeutic Adjective Healing,Relax - Melayani atau dilakukan untuk
ing, Salutary menjaga kesehatan

4. Churn out Verb Turn out - to produce mechanically, hurriedly,

phrases or routinely
5. Measurement Noun Amount, - a measured dimension.
quantification
, frequency.
6. Threshold Noun Door, - Pintu masuk ke rumah atau bangunan
gateway, sill,
etc.
7. Yield Verb Produce, Bills, untuk menghasilkan atau
output, debt. memberikan (pembayaran,
earnings. keuntungan, atau bunga)
8. Transmitting Verb Transferring -
9. Implanted Verb Placed, -
Inserted
10. Precision Noun Exactness, Vagueness
accuracy
 CHAPTER III
STRUCTUR ANALYSIS
3.1.SIMPLE SENTENCES
A. Smartphones can already control homes and cars, and diagnose diseases.
Smartphones Can already homes and cars, and diagnose diseases.
control
Subject Predicate Object

B. This is a step towards “a new era of personalized, digitalized precision medicine

This is a step towards “a new era of personalized, digitalized precision
medicine
Subject Predicate Compliment

C. Cell-based therapies are a radical new medical treatment option being investigated by
researchers.
Cell-based therapies are a radical new medical treatment option being
investigated by researchers.
Subject Predicate Compliment

D. Ye and his colleagues have come up with an innovative way to add smarts to cell-based
therapy.
Ye and his Have come up with an innovative way to add smarts to cell-based
colleagues therapy.
Subject Predicate Object

E. They initially inserted light-sensitive bacterial proteins into mammalian cells.

They initially inserted light-sensitive bacterial proteins into
mammalian cells.
Subject adv. Predicate Object

2.1. COMPOUND SENTENCES

A. Hundreds of cell therapies are undergoing clinical trials but none can be controlled from
outside the body.
Hundreds of are clinical but none can be from outside
cell therapies undergoing trials controlled the body.
Subject Predicate Object Conjuction S (pronoun) Predicate Adverb

B. After that it could be replaced, Ye says, but “a much longer performance or replacement
frequency of the implant needs to be further investigated in humans.”
After that it could be
replaced
Conjuction Subject Predicate
C. Another is that the animals need to be close to the transmitting coil and be exposed to EM
radiation to switch on the LEDs.
Another is need to be to the and be exposed to EM radiation to switch
that the close transmitting on the LEDs.
animals coil
Subject Predicate Compliment Conjuction

2.2. COMPLEX SENTENCES

A. Chinese and Swiss researchers now show that a smartphone can command engineered cells
implanted in diabetic mice to produce insulin
Chinese and now show that a can engineered in diabetic
Swiss smartphone command cells mice to
researchers implanted produce
insulin
Subject Adv. P C Subject Predicate Object Adverb

B. The researchers demonstrated a clever closed-loop system in which a digital glucometer

transmits data on the rodents’ blood glucose levels to a smartphone, which processes the data
and then signals the implanted cells to deliver.
The demonstrated a clever in which a digital glucometer transmits data on
researchers closed-loop the rodents’ blood glucose levels to a
system smartphone
Subject Predicate Compliment Conjuction Compliment

which processes the data and then signals the implanted cells to deliver.
Conjunction predicte Object

C. This is a step towards “a new era of personalized, digitalized precision medicine,” says
Haifeng Ye of East China Normal University, who led the work reported in Science.
This is a step towards “a new era of who led the work
personalized, digitalized precision reported
medicine,” says Haifeng Ye of in
East China Normal University, Science
Subject Predicate Compliment Conjuction Predicate Adverb

D. The protein activated a genetic pathway that caused the cells to produce insulin.
The protein activated a genetic That caused the cells to produce
pathway insulin
Subject Predicate Compliment Conjuction Predicate Object Adverb
 CHAPTER IV
PARAGRAPH ANALYSIS

No Paraghraph Main Idea Supporting Details Keyword

1. Paragraph 1 Smartphones can Chinese and Swiss researchers now show that a smartphone can Smartphone
already control command engineered cells implanted in diabetic mice to produce
homes and cars, and insulin. The researchers demonstrated a clever closed-loop system
diagnose diseases. in which a digital glucometer transmits data on the rodents’ blood
glucose levels to a smartphone, which processes the data and then
signals the implanted cells to deliver insulin. This is a step towards
“a new era of personalized, digitalized precision medicine,” says
Haifeng Ye of East China Normal University, who led the work
reported in Science.

2. Paragraph 2 Cell-based therapies The idea is to turn cells into disease-fighting weapons by
are a radical new engineering them to produce therapeutic chemicals and proteins
medical treatment that they would churn out once implanted in the body. Living white
option being blood cells, for instance, have been designed to fight cancer, HIV,
investigated by and other diseases. Hundreds of cell therapies are undergoing
researchers. clinical trials but none can be controlled from outside the body.

Paragraph
3 3 Ye and his colleagues They chose diabetes as the target disease. They initially inserted
3 have come up with an light-sensitive bacterial proteins into mammalian cells. When
innovative way to exposed to far-red light (wavelength of about 730 nanometers), the
add smarts to cell- protein activated a genetic pathway that caused the cells to produce
based therapy. insulin.
4. Paragraph 4 After that success, These devices were implanted under the skin of diabetic mice.
they team made When an external transmitting coil wirelessly switches on the LEDs
dime-size devices in via electromagnetic induction, their light triggers the cells to
which circular power- produce insulin in the animals.
receiving coils
surround a hydrogel
that is embedded with
the engineered cells
and far-red LEDs.

5. Paragraph 5 The team made three : a custom-engineered Bluetooth-active glucometer, an Android-

things to remotely based smartphone app, and an intelligent control box that controls
control the the power-transmitting coil.
engineered cells

6. Paragraph 6 When the researchers The phone app compares these levels to a pre-set threshold, then
place mice blood signals the control box to turn on the power-transmitter coil, which
samples on the switches on the LEDs long enough for the cell implant to deliver
glucometer, it sends the right amount of insulin.
measurements to the
smartphone via
Bluetooth.

7. Paragraph 7 The animals’ blood The system maintained the blood glucose concentration in mice for
glucose typically 15 days without any side effects. After that it could be replaced, Ye
went down to says, but “a much longer performance or replacement frequency of
nondiabetic levels the implant needs to be further investigated in humans.”
within two hours of
irradiation.
8. Paragraph 8 One big limitation of Another is that the animals need to be close to the transmitting coil
the system is that it and be exposed to EM radiation to switch on the LEDs. But a bit
needs manual blood more engineering could yield a diabetes monitoring-and-treatment
draws. system that is fully automatic and portable. A continuous glucose
monitor could send blood sugar measurements to the user’s phone.
The phone would trigger a battery-powered LED wristband to shine
light on the implanted insulin-producing cells.
 CHAPTER V
TEXT DISCUSSION

5.1. PREVIEWING
Topic: Health technology

5.2.THE TEXT IN DETAIL

How can smartphone diognase disesase?

5.3.MAKING REFERENCES
5.3.1. This is a step towards “a new era of personalized, digitalized precision medicine,” says Haifeng Ye of East China
Normal University, who led the work reported in Science.
- Word “This” refers to The researchers demonstrated a clever closed-loop system in which a digital glucometer
transmits data on the rodents’ blood glucose levels to a smartphone, which processes the data and then signals the
implanted cells to deliver insulin.
5.3.2. They chose diabetes as the target disease
- Word “They” refers to Ye and his collegues

5.3.3. These devices were implanted under the skin of diabetic mice.
- Word “These” refers to circular power-receiving coils surround a hydrogel that is embedded with the engineered
cells and far-red LEDs.

5.3.4. When the researchers place mice blood samples on the glucometer, it sends measurements to the smartphone via
Bluetooth
- Word “it” refers to glucometer

5.3.5. One big limitation of the system is that it needs manual blood draws
- Word “it” refer to the system.
5. INFERENCES

6. SUMMARING

7. GENERAL COMMENTS

SOURCES

http://spectrum.ieee.org/the-human-os/biomedical/devices/smartphonecontrolled-cells-keep-diabetes-in-check
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