CT316 13.1 Gas Turbine Mk-V for Operators HPC Technical Services 500 Tallevast Road - Suite 101 Sarasota, FL 24243 USA ‘el: 941-147-7733 Fax: 941-146-5374 vww,hpenet.comGAS TURBINE Mk-V for OPERATORS, eC GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS INTRO TO Mk-V HARDWARE MK-V DOCUMENTATION Chaper3 READING MK-V LOGIC Chaps ALARM DROPS Chapter 5 GAS TURBINE AUXILIAIRES Chapters START-UP ‘Chapier7 SPEED / LOAD CONTROL, Chapters ‘TEMPERATURE CONTROL Chapter FUEL CONTROL ‘Chapter 1 EMISSIONS CONTROL, CChapr tt VARIABLE INLET GUIDE VANES Chapter 2 PROTECTIVE CIRCUITS Chapter 13 GLOSSARY {22007 —crote_ra_maya0it, ertGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS (Chapter 1 ‘TERMINAL OBJECTIVE: ‘The goa ofthis section eto provid an understanding of he teary of gs turbieopeaton andthe BNABLING OBJECTIVES: ‘Ae completion ofthis chapter the en shoo Be abe 1. Deseret asi theory of operation of ga trie. 2. Bxphin teow ph hoop a stung 5, Liste majorcomponces of sin arr deserbe he component tions 4 Expt the tempera pres changes ht curio gsi. 5. Sethe components which make pth mje eons of esi, compressa, combustion Section andthe gs tine ‘©2007 —crsi .1_May2041 Printed: 2872012GAS TURBINE MEV for OPERATORS ~CT316 ‘This pope et lank imercnalyGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 msrropucTion. 5 20 FUNDAMENTAL REVIEW. . 5 2 Pape - = s 22 Gartadin intra Combustion gine 7 24 Brayton cyte 5 30 BASES AND SUPPORTS. a eee 40 GASTURAINEAIRINLET. a 2 4 easton. 2 12 Fate compasnan aa zs a 43 Ink Deetrg, B 5D COMPRESSOR wenn a 4 Su Ineoton a W $2. Ineeaing i 53) Vaile in Gide Vane. peeeeecaeees 15 54 Canpreser Casing. ® 69 COMBUSTION SECTION. 21 62 Combustion Can Arrangement. 2 63 Conbuiton Chambers zi a 64 Spark Ps. 6 Cree Pre Tubes. en a z 70 TURBINE - ~ - 28 12. Turbine Rotor. ee ia ee fat “Smutwe, 2 121 Wheel Shs 0 323° Wheel Avsmbicg cn 12a Cooling 51 125 Fisstage Wheckpice. Fn 127 ThinStage Woeetpaces 2 128 bcos = a = a 13° Twine Star. 4 11 ""Festsuge Wane eoae me 132 Second Sage Nozie, 36 133° Th'suge nome ast aan 134 Disphmeme 0 TAS Shouse ” 82 BEARINGS, 38 41 Gene 8 12 Lubricant Seating a ae 32 seangNe. 1 The Basing s ee | coe :GAS TURBINE Mi-V for OPERATORS —CT316 8.3 Tabi Beta. 100 FUEL VALVES. 110 INTRODUCTIONTO MK-V CONTROLS... z‘GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS Lo TRODUCTION ‘Ths cape oss the design, constrain an character af a tbe. Tee main compones support stn, sad operating and aintnanc princes il be covee. Ths chapter ab roduc gus tubibe prance andrei, eoetveaf which rae awareness of fae, ab ety what Penile dotocpinte gas tie ysfoanseand relay. ‘gastrin syst coma of nme afb tems tht werk ogee sure sae and ect ‘opeation fie wt. To anderson the design fiction operon, in ono! fps urns st essntal > hth vere pnp. Tns tr nese theury nd preps of gerne eign sa operation ‘raped too wb-fsemsand hen ress eenitar complete yen 2) FUNDAMENTAL REVIEW ‘The pupa ofthe gs trine sto cones energy ht is aviabeinthe el source, o ‘mehancal egy” ive nd. The Frame T gas tbe is ran Fg 1-01. Any ga bn i erp st of ehtey Air ene fe compres emt Ie (bx mow}, then mes withthe el Ged xh geen roa the coping The Jounal beuigsnd rect st Geran esd oft grenade # oral bewigisloae the end, ms x a Pipe 1-00 Frame 7F Cress Section a shown very emiiartotke YP inconrvetion. The Phas large ames routing SF opens a SO Hs 200m) =e comport dictGAS TURBINE MA-V for OPERATORS ~ CT3I6 gi 1-02 strate a Fae 7Epstubise. Sir thes flow ener he omgressor fromthe ef, ‘tetas aad ful ned and igited ibe combuson chambers, ad the nied ps expand thou he turbine exting othe rie. On th 75 (0-9), the lal coupling sa (in hgh we) abd he ners so there Th oul bearing an thr bearing ost Terwar of he creche #2 bearings cued ‘scr he compressor tnd tutine an th #9 bern cate of ie rie, befow fe and eau Lae Figne 92 Frame TE Crse-Seton “The Fane 6 ps turbine dfeenin tke sensei he trkne couple othe gerertr va geri. “Tae une res inbe 5100p rege (depncing upon he type ame 6) whe the nett tes 6009 or 000, depending won he syste require wre e mic naaled. The frane 6a OI Sec in Figure 93GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS: 22° GasTunnieystvreRNAL-CoMBUSTON ENGINE ‘The erecayanfrin.a gas bie oct in ilar manne vote four-yee einige ‘cubation engine Fig 1-4 flea te interelcombuton ena feed ate Ono Dsl Cy ‘Tere mit between th enzine ae te arti ach sop mie cel i deen hee + Wervegin with alr itake Airis outed to suppor combustion. ln the ital combustion engi, te cranisia pul he piston dowmvar n sri lowed ener te eylner + Next. etavecompresion, The crankshaft moves the piston upward compressing he airinside te piston ‘stindee ‘+ Futisinjese inthe ner nd, wih he hea of compression, we ave igion. Thee isan + Thisexplsion cates expansion a the gst. The piston forced downward with a great mount of ower Woda perfor. So the beet nthe el converted to work ul ome ion + Fn the spent gases (bur uel anda?) ar extant as we see er. ai igure 1-84 lateral Combustion Engine ‘The ans tin isunque in thrall of hese same eps occu. Ina as ria, however. al be ses occur tine same tie, tin fret lass,GAS TURKINE MLV for OPERATORS — CT316 gue 1-0 iusratesa simple gas rine As nica by his isin ‘+ Thelen! combustion engine kes in lathe piston moves downward diesos wit thera ave (pen Inthe guint ine ue ote roto othe compres erent con, + Comesion te neal combuton engine, aks pace wt the uproke ofthe piston dba wales ‘eng ore Compression cru in the as etn he a quer in series of smaller pasageweys ate a pss downstream dough he ang compres 1+ Nex te fw pth te conbason scion. Inthe case of a interna combustion cnn, els Inert na gle engine prt plo ir red inte Rs nih sel eng he heat of ‘messon rovies the ain, Ta th ble ere ger or nian an he ane cosines ogi ncoming Fe ‘+ Power producd inthe otal combustion eagoe when te combsson of thea expand sn Bbw the Donn thedownvar den Inthe pu tre powers rodced when het embestion ses pus hough tbe des end expands ore ery mois ‘+ Final her inthe exat ecton. Aer he hot emus gases hae gane though he xpason part ofthe eocess, th leftover gi exuso.Tn he ternal mbuston npn th a ares ough “ahr valve atnaspee, Inthe gastrin te ex seer to atmos rina Beat eter) ‘feamgenerator (HRSG). Ifthe ext rod trgh HRSG ten somes ast has ‘covered and wed sep proce “The gu turing a demons In Fig 1-05, simi othe trl comasion engine wth oe Inport flere. The events inthe conbustin engin all cer oe same place diferen moments iti. ‘ntheges tre, he vets al occur simuaneosy aren pees. Figure 1.95 internal Conbtion EngineGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS: 24 Baaviox veut {naga tuin this ccles efered taste Brayton Cpe. The Bryon Cel sen n Fig 1-06 slong withthe gs tte drawing jt sled. This pram steed tas the"T-S" Diam." or ("Sis for ety. Enopy ia tr sed ods th iecovebly ofthe eel. Inoher heey tt vale atl well work beng performed. Some that cary eect, Exhaust Gas Figure 1.06 Bryon Cle + Aironet compreszarnt point A tod thar i compres through the compres. Ai exist point ‘nite graph. Os he TS diagram ou wl aie ha! ea eon ise, wou eens triopy a eae ome, Thee agin in empertre without the ete aa ere fn tne date enor ‘+ rom BtoC ve hve combustion. Weave significa temperatures uo he iin of the fs, ‘Werks hae sagan inn enzopy, mein te bung of teal cannot be revered, “+ From CtoD we five expansion, This is where the gases are panting toh be ga tine ding work ‘Tenpertares re avered conidabl af eergy attr. The gph shows Vertu line tom C {Drimplyngidal condone. Weil exh his ent rally ahicve swells wera Ie + Finally, fom D oA, we ave het jected. Thi is where the a hat ie ing pte stk, evo be recotered Iteprace aspen less. If we cul apie this hea we oul experince more ney ‘rate fe” fevely sean) Ths cosa sth basi the combined ee Plans ‘tire this estan ua make sam a dives um bine the Note, at war seer of th process fund in te dee engin eee as wel Oly wih he gstutig the peocesses l cccersimulnenulyGAS TURBINE Mi-V for OPERATORS ~ C7316 25 Tourenarune~Pressune PROFILE Fig 1-97 deserts wht happens tthe nr as ite hough a gerbe. otha Bre, the ie is thetampentice nd tu ine represents he pesure Ales be compressor econ The press ato on {1 7F i aproinmely 161, The compressor dicing press ine eighborood of 25s Al ie Sametime temperate also Fig up 0 SO0F G40) or 30. Ths theres of work Beg performed on the Fi (a) yh camper. Inthe combustion ston, when fl mixed wt the compressed ar ant ignite, he tempore ris 0 ‘etweon 23007 are) 2400 (ae, depening spon the For TFA vintage, wl te prese Gop sli. [ere combustion acu ee mas be fl, oxygen an eat walable The el general aural a or mized fo (hat bars tes a). The oxigen nan fom cps surge a. Het sete tally by en ger ad then om teehee reaction betwen the fol an the eae Asthehot combustion spat le the combustion Seon, delivered ote tun section. Int the turbine sci, the tes tne cooled oa emer tat Te tine aes car tha For ison the empresir dlrs laws Chamber This allws the Eembustion ar ons way thenstine Atthe sume ne the combusion dectage eta ae thir ows toe fembusion chamber uch fealingis accomplished by king compres dita (hates noted for fetusion) wi he embustion ses “Through he sages of ‘heb the nt pees ae expended ‘The ests ‘heal energy is converted Ineo mechan eery (a rotation). Aathe ot es 20 ‘Sowa sete i ved woe Seg en pie de conversion proces fom eat“ {o mechanical energy has bon {enpertureona Fame 7 as {ubin typi about Tiare ass. Figure 1.07 Tampere Pressure Profle Sears 1-10GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS: Figur 0 shows some rpresenniveborepower eves ora Fame 7F gs tine. Inti example them we tou 672400 HP eat ney developed the canbusrs. Pom hs hea ergy We might gt 419200 HP of meshriea nay nthe urbine The ference, 253,200 HP, goes phe sack (ood pron of ‘swat nr can ews puto ue I combined ele platen). Oe uie apt, bau 173,800 HP _guesto ve the compres andacesois, 245400 HP poe crv generate (and pode (83-M). gure 98 Gas Turbine Power Lede ‘The gas turbine uppertbaseisa struct ste! fibrin of weed sel beams nd pte, ce Figur ‘0, Laigtemelons aap pose pronded on ach de ofthe basen ne wth te src se members of ‘he bas me [Awe jstetisrovideontheinnersurice of ch upper ep, Cooling waters used rough ‘ater et omnia: heal expansion and to sisi ann ligeent ten the trie an te oad ‘Stupor Thesuppor eg main he val and verte ponons ofthe urine Two gibi ayped wih he “tube sipprt igs mona thelaerel poston. Thiskey and block angen reves ral or atonal ‘movement of etre whe peraitiag al nd faa oveDeat ruling fom hal xpnsionGAS TURBINE MA-V for OPERATORS ~CT316, 40 GASTURBINEAINLET Compre init iy itgpartan ud compress emis as sie fe opon gs bie proenee. . ceguss Forthsrenonal bearer te rere lp ough ser lars \ ‘are eae ine er compare, ee Figure 10 for asap eprrnin. Ar a — ‘terse er omar Bre ‘Eevee alte tbom nea “ration pes betel dist nl theconpesor Reventon Some machines he crs bse oof ‘hepsi “The fter hous contin wenerhao an ahigh ice) e¥ chan ier bee. See Figure 1 Wester ede edt prevent ay in nd ange stomeconaminans fron tring be et Mt Hose “sis accompli by teawing it urea ata vty tat saver than fe ening vos ofthe lng ‘au an ange aore canarias, The safe er elenerts se mountdon vera! Bl pts Thy tre conse win ight gauge el het tal enlnure tt warCesgned spect Re ope Nw Imunagenet od wether peti Fre te Per Conparmens ak =|GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS The reverte pls ype elening syste i itd when the fiter lent tecome Iden wth st sedihepesire dopa he fer dia each predeterned vale (as menued by alee peste Sieh The lemon we cated «specie over, conrolled by on elma quence. 43 murrDucrne Ae flos lng te ink dating tb intake plenum on the gas bin copes, ee Figue 112. The sir ne dating cons a expansion Jol, 90" tum othe ian evapeaiesr aoe an acute sencer ‘da 90" com bows anston dct ster expansion joi, don len with plenum se extensions, Evaporative et ‘Arco Sleoeieod ow Pine 112 It Ducting crm ‘The irae dt is enige toke he dct ence re ‘he scout encom the it cco of ined potion fe dt, This ds conte silencing bates, There stntonay rh sere iti the down elbow, whch cn be cessed for laning id psn "hugh a removable sons panel onthe side of he eam. Midway along hile ducting are the charg norte fr he etheting ter. Tes ze recto potion af theconpreiordscngs srt eine slow pth “The down elbow houses the woes ath scxeen. The purpors f th trash seen sto pot the compressor om los pss of hardvae fom the fier house, ductwork, o bough mantras ear A ‘eovable sees pel pion area ofthe ah ren fr lene nd nietion purpose “The acutely lined expansion jit oa the ond associ wi the int sytem om the gs lutine, The int plenum the cometon poi beveen he inlet tig ane ge rn compresGAS TURBINE Mi-V for OPERATORS ~ C1316 ‘Then ut sytem abo centsns provisions forte de pon mit sensor wen moitoeng the sirfiow as elo he nt led het module. ‘The sense minimas the perornunce depen sed ‘id teint led heat stem by replat he minim our of low ces toe el para eet syste at a ele bum elo te foe pon. 50 COMPRESSOR ‘Te lcaton of be compesorishighllahed a Figure -13. The compress lee wanda tess ‘abies scoped to, and eve by that segs tripe On “Pas turin oad nupling ane recor is forward ofthe compreso. OnE” as abies the Stating means i fonvar of he ain, aig te ‘eoplings considerably sale. The purpose ef he eampresor sto provide sombuston soe somston ‘Ss, to suppor combuton, ad provide solng and sealing a fo thee component ruin tia Pipe 1-13 Compress Section 2 Inercasine Flue [14 in llsation ofthe empress inlet aig thei laced tthe award end ofthe gs turbine, The ict casing dst coming eambustin ar evenly oan the bench Rasing The bello Nosing feds the sit te Varable et ide Vane (VIG), Air om the intake syste, Dosa the ike plenum ad red the belinth hang. The belinoth housings entered inside an oly eels by tera plenum lara mang Bad ein ‘bearing eee ath centro he belmauthbossing The an shal a he bene Reusing se open fo the outide trogh sylneal shafthoaiag, The shat hoagie welded athe make ple om on aight te ‘The ner and ote al housings fhe belimoath ousngare el i pl by sapoct ods place long the cicumference. "The lwersalf ois bing housing is egal eas wih he inert. Te pp alt bearing hosing a separate casting laged an bled the ower a. The ne elo 2 pstine whe ‘ute belineth by seven aft staedrail read even axa ie bar. th he sas and couse ost note Belin walls. The srt eal shaped and even vortex ow om fring In Hono he arable nt Guise Vanes MeGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS sony. The psi on he arty of enone nt “he Vivant dering Y Soveap and accdeation fhe gs tine tite sect. try of begmeairFigure -ISVIGV a Avid developnent of compres sland susequr puso tha woul dereop sre inte moreso during opens Maintain nina peste drop srssthe fuel nozzles il operating 104 pee Maintain ih exhaust tempers tw generator! kvl, wun comin ye ‘pleat. ‘The Vaal net Guide Van ace sahyaucly ated asionby post one y the tbls rw The anes ae stoi pioned ty He hydaulc acter scsndegiot fe lad ad esha They ctr shown in Figure 1-16, The well-haped ars (shown a ean) ae sar ‘ciclesomds cener hu of te belinou housing. The vanesare anchored ee uss feces ‘ote bathing inte or ceamferene A pion gear acho te gush Ofek vane The pion {rs mah wh he VIGV ving. Ashe ing rote al ger rouetegther © open (ar do) the wel shaped Ale Nova though he vanes 8 shoo a Figure L-15. The polos of de vane dates te anoantor sir ow. Brings, he VIGV reed inte mninim poston yl shmt 51) 0 sine sling ae pulsation onthe compro blades Once th turbine sup te aperd he Yess pero Be ana positonGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS: During somal shutdown or daring ai, VIGV eertr rei isopesct he VIOVs wl ramp ote ‘nina pation Figure 117 shows eto view afte stage ne wnt prion ofthe pe vane sembly The ‘VIGY sing cones tothe pnion season te guide vanes ‘When te VIGV rng steal he pice pews guide ‘ancarane ogeser ‘The vans swing om he min tp bereximun posionas shown by te dence Neaveen tbe ak reves and Fig yen aes, pall otha ow, Thi cet xian ope aes ‘Srairto ow dash Forninrns sow, serie perpen othe a Do. This mimes he ‘ron sectonl ratios) whi the sien e 2 wore wD ope er Pigere 16 GY sesaur ongose Rl Raan COW set2000 rear Whe — Carrer Bade fo i igre 117 VIGH’RingBvenens Mam ~— titleGAS TURBINE Mk-V for OPERATORS ~ CT316 54 Conpuassoncasive “Teil flow compressor ton cvs a ueconpmstor ator seth easing In thecongr sir ‘confined the pce between he rand sitar ang The sr somes she Eanprestr spe te sss toughan aerating sere of tating and sony sil shaped takes. The pai dra oe fompresi' or and he yt blades sled onto th rtr i, ipl he force nade compres ica sige. Theor sadr pid tessa tat tea ents log ote sape atthe pope ane ‘he camper ergs in the eset of Figure conse 1” og he 1" corgesor star sages. Extrcon neve in hsesapl at heen 13 sage or prevention fa {nd pustion dates surup. The extraction isle eed oesalng and cooling The corer canes {erates the veal nde Som hing een re opp whic ihe ole tie ‘ompreso cas era Manse ‘Tieaflendofthe 17" sage whee esos which drawsom a fam shecampresor alate othe iw sal for arbin aang li ‘ Ps BL Pare 11 Composer Calg ersar.o Figue 19 ars he esttion plone tahine Eien enmprewor Ofen nes ven othe ‘euetion oat onthe iit th exaton po sat he etary casing wer oe Pigune 1-19 Esacton PointsGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS The capes Scare casing (en othe ih of Figue I-18 cots he hal conprssor anes Te lcharge ean so frms bth he rer and ouc als fhe compen die, joist compe ond tiie so ‘Aci oared by th taped ames betvenn he ter inde andimer yl ofthe corse casing. Thedfser comers sone ofthe conpesor exit aoc nto edd ea presi obstion si The listo rows ofsttionary empress are refed asthe ent ude vanes (EO) and seve ‘9 enone ty Witness telat compres sage. Figee 120 irate Tatagecorprenior roto. A ypis restrain approxima 61 making ‘heconpresir discharge pressure abou 80-eg (72M. The ese rao Varies by unt ame Sle age and theeslerce cf upgrade, ‘A compressed n 17 stp asthe at passes tvough a lating sx fronting and tony stipe inex The ge itn ves te tomprese rotor an ne ora, semble ono he or “sc, suppyte fe nededco compress the at exch sage. Meth al he chanical ener developed inthe rte wad ve the comprar The stor baer pide ei sha thea et the Fabwngrone sia a the pope sie Theconprtesor lori stenbly of whack with ubshats cach end. The tie asemhly ct ogee ith engl e ols wieGAS TURBINE Mk-V for OPERATORS ~ C7316 ‘The comprar s ror star des ‘Sesgne to somes ie ‘Stcenyarhigh ade ‘dese stated othe ‘veal emangenen, ‘Svea sory precise ‘aint ech lade the deed potion and The onpretsor sor bles eal sbapedand re on sini ovens it ng spent theft four aagee. The hing segments re inered ute creundaental paves nw cise gandare hn pact ‘ith oking tye ides ofthe renanina spss haves sine ase dvesl on reed dey ius cvcunfeatal roves inthe casing, Lacking ys tld es a place Faye 1-2 repesctste he conprstor to ascenbl. The ots sole upof nlp wheds buted togsterwiloesitutnal te ol tthe Fett nf figs) he corres sage va a eng sabe, ‘Soup ate gener voter Th a coup (on terigh) stale the frase st sa Figure 1.22 Conpresior Boor Asealy “Te unpesor stage laos deel oe fst corps seg excep sight salen aren ach sbeouet ge eighty vale, lug tye ts athe gre The drain a ecune nee dnny Metts sh Vote detract bcm Compsied sit fom thecampressr Nw tthe annular spice sarong th combustion chaos. From he hes ows hough te nerd enon he paces twee combust combustion cans. The compeessr dharye a en eras tough metering nln be ters othe Dure-norlesinradace mia as 0 he pinay nd Scand conbasion 20 witha ach chambre te aes ix wi te canbustiona nes dbs, Thc ht wae Fomeschcobaion i tee 1 font sper MounGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS: 69 COMBUSTIONSECTION 61 Overview ‘The combason secon desenvs where fen the gstrine Pre 1-28 dismesthat wea ofthe ose nied wih arte compresrdschrge The ot aes are cooled win the fakes pean where th ot aes are dietedtovard rine at ropeens he combustion secon. els Flue 1-28 Conbuston SeconGAS TURBINE MicV for OPERATORS ~ C1316GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS High presen ram he compressor dhe rected around the tanson pace. Some ofthese ‘ers the oles th pire eee to oa te tanaton piss nd Rows tthe flow seve. The et ‘entrees the nan bean he How sleeve andthe combustion ine ough hale nthe dawns end of ‘ethoraleeve. (Sex Figure 24 forte conustn can rangement) Thi enters the contin zoe Thought cp asembly oe oper fa! combustion Fas asap a each combustion chm trugh ve eles ina DUN2) at ar sive o capstone fs wih he proper sou of cmbustion Figere 1-25 DLN-2 Combution Sst ‘The DLN? combust jten shown in Figure 2 is single stage, a made ennui ‘abl of oeration on bth an il fe. Or es the combusor spears in isn made at ade {fess bon 80% lal) anda preted ode a high ads (emer thn Sh oad). While th combustor capable ‘of operating in the sion ods acos he lad rang, wero sles jean woul be qed fr NO. shstrmentOileperatn on his amar ne difsion ode ats the er oad ange wth wae oF Seon stn ood fr 1231GAS TURBINE Mk-V for OPERATORS ~CT316. 63 Conmisrion cusuess ‘The ou combustion chabert as the prereset cambusas: Theor conbexion ‘haber suo provide ange forthe uel ease caver soe crore tube Manges an where ald ft, ‘pak ples, fame detectors nd ile atin. The fw sloves (Pre 126) fm manips aod the ‘ap an ner subs ht dette contstonaedenotng ur ows heaton tie. Tenants itngancn ire ese oo, opin ornare nbs, eK mee aston Wesel wah f= Pa fe) oo Figure 1-26 FlowShere hoo 09) hoo CO Hood ‘Trastion pees, one sen in Figure 177 rect te ot puss om te inst the urine moze. The sig hand side oth poogeph cots toi hletel he ny oft ge rb, The BR hate comets totheend of he combustion es, Fine 1-28 nthe wun ee mgt as nth iw i hig he mts lace hgh he ranston ps, andthe frends sn the” sigs ni. Absent aie ‘one of he fane Store, desrbed utr isthe folowing paragon rGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS Pique 1.27 Tronston MecerGAS TURBINE MK-V for OPERATORS ~ C1316 ca sean Pius Combustion inated by perk pugs tha ae Bled tongs onthe combtion ante spa pigs ae entered within he ier nd aleve nace fonbusion canis ype spark pug arangecr Shown in Figure 128, These pugs are exctd by high eney- Capac dchirge power soplies the tie oF ig Sparkstone ener ofthese ps ies epic a ‘hamba: he realing chambers av ited by roses ‘rough tubes that econ erento ve a reining haber. ‘The spark plan ie aptalenad sch tat wilh pesure inthe cobain ean he park plug withrays om The chamber (5° inh shown dai) 6S FlaweDerecrons During gstutine st sequence, see a tbe kaa whats re ia presence w nace of ane ‘This onmon ee transite oh control ster ‘ne montorng sytem, eansting of alle Mle ects Teed shown on Fire 1-30. The ane deter fave ‘tr ale jako maint sepa operating Teper “Te lait ane ses onan gs fillet dist. The gas within i deta rene teil ‘ada hat emiuedby abydoerton Tne I ames [present he atin ofthe gas the deter allows Fenducion lathe comel cre “The sgl fam he Pate etre ast the centoysem whch wis a literal fg ysam io deeane ‘tes fam olor offi concen exit,GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS 66 wos rine Tats Exch combusion chambers Joined » head ce dante wi cas Fre ube. Thebes lp move fe fe ‘os te ele burner soy ot ose titi oon Figure 13 1 onNorseas “Thega turin comin stn with dy Yow NOx (DLN) mashes of rinary and econ fa Tange forthe scandy itl nozzle assenby. The combustion cove shown nFgire 32 nthe pra ‘west spss oniy snob wd he ents f- PMP. PMG the peg sicaneton, aa prvsioe Bt ooucngaie one were old wots inject cxf te munber of conectins on tinea oe pty SheenaGAS TURBINE MI-V for OPERATORS - CT316 ‘There ae five ft maze assis in ach combuso. Figur 133 shows a coss-secton ofa DUN-2 femoris noted othe Tigre the nazi as pases fr dillson as, preted gal al wae, Whee mound on th cilcover, shown inthe Mae he ilesonpasge fur ce fel vorses tee fom emo asf, alle he prinary, tht sb ioe endcover Ts pomned pss ofthe sae fe awe fd fom ate itera mano ele the secondary. Thepremael yasge ofthe coining svze fs spl by the ety el ton the difsion paige of eas ys pared wah compres ‘chure sir and pss eel worse / Plgne 133 DLN? Fuel Necite | 79 TURBINE 7a Genes, “he tes singe tin scion son in Figure 134 the tein which vee nthe frm oF eh teaperte presurialgs, prodced by the compressor and conbuon sects, © oeertedto echt rey, Tho mecha energy is se civ hecutpesor and he aerate (compe othe cone he ie oie dawg) “Toe gas tin hardware incest bine tar, rinsing exhaust fans exhan Se, orks, and souGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS 72 TiRMNEROVOR 724 Swectare ire oorasenbly, toy in ge 133 eal aswenbled inthe Li cas. The 1" sage Tene wae ie aha th in psn Titec of heGAS TURBINE Mk-V for OPERATORS ~CT316 gue 1-6 iste he stu oF he asenbly. Lact eachof the aoc compet: Compressor--RoterDisace Pic connecting the compres coping the "she 152% and3"stge bine oor whels ‘Sige 12 ab the Stage 2 STi Rote Space ‘Through bolasemdies ‘Tuite Rear AN Saf mating wp he 2 abn era bearing 121 Wheel Shafts ‘ThetuPbie ror dtunce pec extends fom he sag bine Wiel to the aft angsof ie enpresor ‘otgrasseny. Teturine rotor af shat indus te bean jams. Te sie tr deat pieces meson {a Figure 137.GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS 723 Wheel Assembles spaces erent" and 7% ond bate fe" ands bie whet dete te ai poston lth inva! woeets tr snchin tigate 120 These spaces samy te apy seating The 1-2 ‘Soca frwardand faceted i lt or cok spss. tad Cooling “Thetubin tris cooled to mtn ressanbl eperaing tempers, sch that a longer bine seri fil rel Cooking i aceomplshedy meinsofapesitve fo of coal sr exacted rom he compresior ad tssaged aly our tronge apne teoveenthe kine whe mathe sr, eothe an ga sen ‘Thissre clade weep, 125 FimeStage Woeespace the ge foward helps cooled by compres dstargeaie A breth ei italed na aflen of he cps teem c rier der tacos compressor dchrgy cs. Te ekaee ‘yaugh hs aby nibs heal Tow Grange stage forward whedapce Me coals ae ow Sichrges tthe mia gs stearate spe moze The stage whelgacecoling a Mowe taiein gre 38 phage Ar “he Page ah weep oe by 1° sage 208 30 oaP Serio sit pore trong the Sagenoro. Tas arouse ep irvan ofthe" dope revs, = ‘s Arle] \§5| {a a #| | UPA a a 4 } ; a 13GAS TURRINE Mk-V for OPERATORS —CT3I6 76 Second Stage Whelpnces ‘The 7 stage forward ‘eorex ath at he eae ofthe stage. Soe ee 39 Miro is wha tn thegepath tbe Menage ne gare 1.392 Sage Wheoopce 12.7 Third Stage Whesepacer ‘Thesstage florard wheelsac cole by lage fom he 2°tagea helps tough the imerstge yeh This roemers he pap tthe ange skeen ‘Thessage at whelpaceoasins notg si om he charge of he esa fae cao st nutes. "This lows hough he Seago af wheupce, sino he pth nae hea ‘ice.GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS 128 Bocets Airsinrotucd ino each 1tage bucket though a ples tte sue ofthe bike dows Tas Hows raph serpentine cooling les ‘ceding ts gh of thebutetand he a eis atthe valing eg and Se bucketip The ocr respsced an snd to obtain optima coling of Scarfe wah msm composer extmcion nr Fpur 140 shoe Inpesentave (stage bucket san. Unt the stage bucks the sage bck cooled by spanwise ar passage eng of he Ato air elntoduod kee ‘tgs wth x plenum at thease o the Deke ove Aga aol eons ‘tecomplisel wih sini pay tothe hernadyomieyce, See gue ier cole. Te ips of be buckets are enard yn shroud wich a partof tie psc Thee ‘hous inerock fom ste. gare b-41 24 Suge ColngGAS TURBINE MK-V for OPERATORS ~ CT316 i { 73 Tonmsesiaror Inthe ine ston here ne hee tages of tony roses (Fears 40) wih rest ei Jelacy foo he ep ho combustin gis gi the urine buckets curing heute vt ete Beene oie high rsa cop across these nz, tereare saat oh feisiden te ousted prevent un of ye energy by ilage.Sacethee nozzles opera nthe ba onbusen gw, hy Sabet tena sven dion gn rss londna Figur 142 Turbine Sate TAL estStage None erste, ota. BERS enscoe ee ee sa fole nie tne wal ach proves im ag “Tenaele Fetons ois we featunedbya hers ‘plein gw ‘eiteinesuppered tothe tatie shel ous ace Slesand ued by pes at Ihetopand tou ete temeins, Ths poms fla owt oftsreutsng “ng reathing Fem chan Ieper wile tee rennscntral ese Pere 144 Ture 1 Sige Notte(GAS TURBINE MV for OPERATORS ~CT3I6. Combustion ar exiting fom he 1 tage buckets saga panded adic gat he 2d stage ‘urine bocktshy the 2-sage ae. Tak nae lara eat sgmen (Figure 145), exch we aritns ora The leaks on the eran andi ie othe ue sew female ones on {heaftede ofthe sige shroud and gn Se fava def he sagesiroud oman he nate concen ‘vi the bine sell nd oo This lesen ongve ae aroove i etecetzle ard sods as a5 a ‘uid dame als. Tena Segments re ldin wear pasion bral a fem he shell loin enozte otra. The conde or cold Hh compresr decks st Fleurs 14524 SeeGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS 143 Tied StageNozle ‘The stage zl cvs te hot gs exng he 2 stage buckets, ceases te gs velo. nd ints the fw agitate 3 tage whl Te nozzle cna of essen ach with four pra oF {vols The role hel ae otr iva forward and at sie in reves nthe ioe shoud na et (Genes to tha usd onthe 7"stage note The 3 suge nazle scxcunferelly postion y radial pie frame sal 1d Diaptesges Aichi singe ofthe ng rorde segments we We moze Spies The dpe ovale henner nite tnbictcor The gion, iin el eae machined ino te igs amet othe Stipe Pige 46 Te ict hepsi alg tdvos Seturbberat Mints! ‘id coroner ete atry pats(cngmgyvan nore) and thenoving rte ese inieainng ow sage esas Sngie tone delay Fire L6Terbie Disha Inner Dancer Unlike ie compestor lade the tbo bck psd notre agit an ner machined hase sein but pant nar curved pens ‘aledturbie suds. Te pinay fron othe ‘Shroud lta oid cynics forming Tweke ip hare eatage Se Figure 1-7 ‘Te second fue ofthe urine shroud so provides igh hema esanscebtweon the hte ‘Bd the compartiely col tine cing. Ts ign redaced. Te tube casing dame iscontrle, the tere cag roundness iain, and ipo ‘trtne lennon or sued Pigare £47 2 Snge ShroudGAS TURBINE MI-V for OPERATORS ~CT3I6- ' 80 BEARINGS: AL Geren, “The Fm turin cots two main joa earings edo support ps tatine ne, see ge Jo Te Te nasa ote bears. The unas elas taster gs to maa t-te" ‘tbat ane The nin earings we prestr-ulietdbyof spaled ome mam Miva oy. ‘Tec fonatvoug ranch ne oa nt nach bern sre Figure 144 Tube Beings ‘Tie msintrin enngs art peti ibreacd Wh pled fom the oi emer. OFF ia, vivre pce fran iti th le ol revalrdnia ine r dan Canney 3 oteve mexare Inthe ‘vento sippy nek ol wil notbe sprayed onacry eeipaet, hus dilating poo sy ard Wen theo enters tow ows trough neha ole or ses ho, os inte a se being, Pom te somal, te fngroteeace 812 Libram Seating OF onthe sri ofthe turbines is prveled fo Soigspunalarg Besta ll sas nessa! ‘hetwo bering hosings. Theselabyrih sas are senbledat ine estes ofthe bear sss whee ‘orto isriqred. sol sure miehinadonte Sst nde essa scnle sothat nsnal Solara bawoen hen, Pes sen ar ade tots poets poset etn ol wp ar ing e baring hosing. Theair nem with te lohan sisting reservoirs ented 6 MetGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS: 1 toonie No.1 Tinwar Benne “Te tare mtasenblyis oct cero ofthe met cans oem snd conaieran arte ate) rat bingo tive {inca rt bear an the per ringsel, Wo yah sels i afeusing a stich te conponsns eintiled Theeanposets ame Keyed tie hose prevent tention. The toson parol Ge singica po of eke Te op ofthe howsiagisa parte sing Fags an bated he Seema epost saincamieeetany” F190) sane Pee eta eb “Ths beavigs a povided inthe beariag housing support ets lads of ihe gas turbine rotor sembly. Aes tering uit b wale ap ofthe sat yoni, ele fret eal, a the sisinay ber {rbexig Dring rormaleperason fhe as rte, hers alo oer seni wire ever, tring sary andshatlowe ote ak herein ote trated wil eves, Ths, two br st tewringe me assed nthe amber ert housng nor spp fete ce np neither dincien. Tiebearng wiih inesthe wt lod dung noma pertons nclle h ade (ate ht Sewiagns oppor tha sesh te! led daring etoposutaown ota which cle the sede (mete) Hast eating ‘Thetubine basing sibs nb lostdatne at do ttue sa athe ‘eater fhe ext ame seme Pre 130. Wont a tits pl beat, ee layin zal, 0 Tent ig ss bearing easing ‘The eiviua pr me designed and ‘sso rota hi sre fe ected Bene cath Fa he beng Sirbee. Thi peokicesa ymmerieaondee ot “Cling eet on te Hering atae it epemanian tlstity Bees the de tee ove two densest a ‘ape oer conan anoust of tat Iman roleGAS TURBINE Mk-¥ for OPERATORS ~CT316 “Th fel Stp/Rato Valea he Conta Valve assembly ea soci pues, yeni operated seo ype, lve a et srengenet tht eles il put toms ssp spar eperaues Teeth gat bine. This tsembly eons of two depend alves(e Sop Rato Va mda Gas Contol Vale) feminine hay. re laren acon aecey whore th eves cr and wi ‘cecaaing, For DLN rene gas contol valves the dilere! curl Yves ville slew thes cox vove tess r S] teeta ond vi titan ii ii = F TI} || ess eas BF Serres — saree Pues 181 Stop Rata and Cat Co 1-40 iGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS: oth aes tepid by thewbine cnt to mow ft wo se gas ube. The Stop Rao vate coasters ft premeupitean ata GarCanra Valve a ella roving ost et shure Te Gas Coral Vale provi eis aereg fon a Wella a eau cans fe shut Twotlecoydrulc sveraiva welnctuded hat aie the doce its Rom the rane cont a tydtoufe ncn qibedto postion he vas. Thehnulcirp sytem serves she primary ntconection ‘rwecs he devi inte patton yaten (ela ovesped proven andthe stun pb ofthe Stopraio valve. he prmple ap msemblies oF fe comblees gp tepid contol vale arangemer (conto eve pl, set closing pring te, pking ‘Spats ware pug ea losing spring, em, and pectin Hytewle einen, nig pisos rolsand et Miso aden we asently sero vale nb). “wo electeyceauic xntol erates en each rte tpi ard cont vale, Four iar vl renal mers (VDT) wo each fr th stopped ato canto valves “Tyehith peed pesire tances 9 ental el pes ate to, ae, and oe, Bod waves cosa of sonore vaneplig,Yx-ype valve seas, e-fstng ave ssa ‘uhings whence pchng and eines Kap fl ga alae ainimun, The valvestem, bushing Sd presganaagenat cess oa arened st bling and ser wie pig-adel, ve-ype ttn ‘king fa valvestem ea ad reer. Packing Wate comnctoes ae provided oppose valve es Pesking Bands ofthe valve bods tppe gis eskageto ma nphee wn | LatGAS TURBINE MA-V for OPERATORS ~ C7316 wae [rons] “Tasts ae! ax] SP ona! Sea] Seneca see" SEL eowe term] lL zee Figure 1-52 Block Dlagran FSB Corot 142GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS 1149 INTRODUCTION TOMK.V CONTROLS Atgpealmdern Mi gis tive coral yt evplay tle nda seen it rirprocesa contrainte tree (23) voting ean on ses! ona end pelo prs rial {Sal sl protection esos are ae rp reo, nd we disrbua aang tee ono poser {sem out sigas are vt a ge liys fr oll ad reel servo valves or sag conto! {Toms nstenns bts prtetve and raring “This modera guslebnc cool system indesign fila ge tbine contol reurenents. The sladercanol of ether tau once bt ek scorns withthe rqurement of spo fad contol ‘rly parcogdcotions krypt corel wnderanarn-copaiy codons oapen oop ode sa {sialon condos, Inaiton let ge vane and water arcana 0 mee operating ute ‘Sequencing of ular allow fly atte tatp, sttdowe, scooown se seh by te Cnt Syn. Trbneposecon asa ner operating sans aed amuncaton of desde pean, ‘oui lo herponte ina be bare contol sym and wil be coved la espa cup. “Toga tie i copralled by epg te Se fw tthe inecanbuton canbe. singe yaaa’ GE cals the Fact Soke Reence(FSK) lute ibe recat cote a ition of (peed emperors an eon These ena coils are fen led to (by GE) as Se and T= Coteatve, hese tre enrol ae he refered 35 Hrware ta reese FpaG “Twseo) | rato Figure 38 Fuel Covet GeoGAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTALS & COMPONENTS ‘Teens’ ouput drive tres (2) ol fel 0s whch ae edo extend the ange ofthe two ids swiingconseptoihetarbie Curent rote fee(3) cals nde» eagle eld in thee rata cl ‘51 conjuction wits pamaest agro movethe erates open the va Noticeon the cnt lftof Fue |-3,th inpulabeledas FSR. This 8 the end fo ow. ‘xersafucton fon el ups PSR) sd PSR2. ESRI drm or Il fel fo, FSR2 a ean [Safi ow” Tote ight of he signal FSR thesia istered tan salon sig (Digi Aralas. A fbsasa rake psn denned signa, compatedto these postion Fedak (roe SSGC) and rats in Biren thesewo vale, GSCC: Thirpoetonthepasconro valve nd admits a pede (by th ae of FSt2| aout ofl Dv FSR! dos hesame, exept aliquid a! senroa pas valve i opened via tro valve SEP. The yg ave denies how mut ofthe el pnp utp i sete othe os tin ie. ig ul Row is ‘esrre bys mogretic pup 77D. Y7FD race peed of lw ive ose weed varie ts Festina (ste Simp Spor Ratio Vee signed be developed to replat ae presse a the mail steaofthe geal ale hs tlp sae th gar oil vale operation ns nit reaps th SRO fem. A presuretancacar menue in gear (Pron he Son Spnd Ratna ne ne Valen FSR isthe sm of FRI end FSR2_ FSR te signa Fon tap (FSRSU), shutown (FSRSD) sped ot conrl(F5RN) at emperstr contol (FSET). FSR seal ote sgal aig rh lesen fel 14s