Attps://wickedbiology.wordpress.comFORM 4: PTER 2 JOHOR 2011 © — @) _ Diagram 6.1 show the asexual reproduction carried out by Amoeba sp. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pembiakan aseks yang dijalankan oleh Amoeba sp. z £ RA 4 Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 Deseribe the process shown in Diagram 6.1. ‘Huraikan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.1. [4 marks] ) ‘Amoeba sp. is a unicellular organism which lives in fresh water environment. Although Amoeba sp. is made up of only a single cell, it ean perform all living processes, Amoeba sp. adalah satu organisma unisel yang hidup dalam persekitaran air tawar. Walau pun Amoeba sp. dibentuk oleh hanya sata sel, ia boleh melakukan semua proses kehidupan. Explain the living process that enable Amoeba sp. to survive in fresh water which is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp. Terangkan proses kelidupan yang membolehkan Amoeba sp. untuk terus hidup dalam air tawar yang hipotonik kepada cecair sitoplasma Amoeba sp. [6 marks] [6markah] ‘tps:/pwickedbiology wordpress.com Page 1FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 JOHOR 2011 © Diagram 6.2 shows a buman organ which is involved in regulating body ‘temperature. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkem sat organ manusia yang terlibat dalam pengawalan sucha bade. ‘Diagram: 62 Rajah 6.2 ‘Based on Diagram 6.2, explain how the animal tissues are organised to form the organ in Diagram 6.2 and their soles in regulating body temperature during a hot day. Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2, terangkan bagaimana tisu hatwan diorganisasi untuk membentuk organ dalam Rajah 6.2. dan peranan mereka dalam mengawal suka bacian dalam satu hari, panas. = {10 marks} [0 markah} Attps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 2FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 Peres Marking Criteria * Able te descibe he paoer shoes Dag eT Sample answer PI - The process is binary fission P2- When Amoeba sp. has grown to certain size P3 ~The nucleus divide by mitosis P4— Then the cytoplasm divides // Cytokinesis occurs PS — Form 2 genetically identical Amoeba sp. [Any 4] JOHOR 2011 @ ‘Able fo explain the living process that enable Amoeba sp. to survive in fresh water which is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp. Sample answer 1 ~The living process is osmoregulation P2— Osmoregulation in Amoeba sp. involved contuactile vacuole 3 ~ Fresh water is hypotonic to Amoeba sp. ‘P4~ Water diffuses into Amoeba sp. by osmosis, P5— Water fills the contractile vacuole to its maxinuum size P6— Contractile vacuole contract P7—Expel the water out of the Amoeba sp. P8— Tins, Amoeba sp. does not burst [Any 6] ‘Able to explain how the animal issues are organised to form the organ in Diagram 6.2 and their roles in regulating body temperature during a hot day. Sample answer P1 ~ This organ is skin P2— Skin consists of epithelial tissues, nerve tissues, muscle tissues and connective tissues(at least two types of tissues) 3 — Epithelial tissues specialised to form sweat gland P4 — Sweat gland secrete sweat during hot day P5- pilin arocs specialised o foci aicefpraduce 6 —Mscle tissues found in skin is erector muscle P7 (During hot day), erector muscle relax. hair lies flat P8— Muscle tissues (found at wall of arteriole) is smooth muscle P9~Smooth muscle relax during hot day P10— Connective tissues found in the skin is blood tissues P11 ~ When smooth muscle of arteriole relax, more blood flow to the skin P12 ~ more heat is lost P13 —Nerve tissues is the Pi4 — Receptor detect the increase of the temperature P15 — The fimetion of the skin is to lower the body temperature to normal [Any 10]FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 KEDAH 2014 (SET 2) 6 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows three types of transport process P, Q and R across a plasma membrane Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan tiga jenis proses pengangkutan merentasi membran plasma. Outside the cell Diluar sel Inside the cell Di dalam sel Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 Explain process P, Q and R with suitable examples. Terangkan proses P, Qdan R dengan contoh-contoh yang sesuai. {10 marks} [10 markah Ahttps;//wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 4ORM 4: CHAPTER 3 _ KEDAH 2014 (SET 2) 6 (b) Diagram 6.2 shows the changes of red blood cells in solution A and B. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan perubahan setsel darah merah dalam larutan A dan B. Red blood cell ‘Seldarah merah Larutan B Diagram 6.2 Rajeh 6.2 Explain what happen to red blood cells in solution A and B. Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada sel darah merah dalam larutan A dan B. [6 marks ] [6 markah J 6 © Diagram 6.3 shows leeches which is an ectoparasitic organism which feed on animals Raph 6.3 menunjukkan beberapa ekor linteh laity organism ektoparasit dl mana imenghisap darah haiwan. “~s Si—— Diagram 6.3 Rajah 6.3 Explain how does table salt can be used to detach leeches from the human skin of to kill the leeches Terangkan bagaimana garam boleh digunakan untuk memisahkan lintah daripada kulit manusia atau membunuh lintah, [4 marks ] [4 markah} Page 5FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 KEDAH 2014 (SET 2) No Totat Maris! Marks 6 |@ Process P F1_ Process P is simple diffusion through phospholipid bilayer P1 Examples of substances involved are small uncharged molecules such as oxygen / carbon dioxide / water. 2 Lipid solubie molecules such as glycerol / fatty acids / vitamin A, D, E, and K a Process @ F2_ Process Q is facilitated diffusion through carrier protein 1 Exempies of substances are large water-soluble Molecules such as glucose / amino acids. 2 The molecules bind to specific carrier protein 3 Cartier protein changes it shape and allow the molecules to pass through it P4 Process Q does not need energy P5_ Process Q occur follow the concentration gradient Process R F3_ Process R is active transport through carrier protein Pt Examples of substances involved smal! water-soluble ‘molecules or ions such as K * and Na*. P2 The molecules or ions bind to specific cartier proteins, P3_ that use energy from ATP ( to transport the molecules ‘oF ions) 4 Process Q occurs against a concentration gradient Any 10 10 oy in Solution A P14 Solution A is hypotonic to the red blood cell /eytoplasmic fluid / osmotic concentration of red blood cell. 2 Water diffuses into the cell P3 by osmosis 4 causing the cell to swell up / burst P5 The cell undergone haemolysis ‘tips://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 6No Marking Criteria Marks) srarks In Solution B P6 Solution B is hypertonic to red blood cell / cytoplasmic 1 fiuid / osmotic concentration of red blood cell. P7 Water diffuses out of the cell P8 By osmosis 9 Causing the cells to shrink and crenate P10 The cell / Red blood cell undergone creanation Any 6 ‘Marks © Pi Table salts gives the hypertonic condition to the ‘surrounding / body fluid of leeches. P2 Water diffuses out of laeches P3 by osmosis 4 Leeches becomes dehydrated 4 P5 and make it released from human skin and eventually oe Marks TOTAL MARKS Page 7FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 PULAU PINANG 2013 6. Diagram 0.1 shows the condlion of a pot of lent efies being treaied wih too Tush Fertser. Rajah 6.1 meounjukkan keadaan tumbuhen pesu apabila direwet dengen baja yang a ‘Condition A/ Keadean A Diagram 6.1 / Rajat 6.1 @ @ Drow a tebeted plant cal in show each of te contin in A and B Lukisken gambar rajah sel tumbuhan yang berlabel untuk menunjukkan keadsen dalam A dan B. [4 marks] ! [4 markahy , @ open the phenemenon thet ocuure fy diagran F ee rerangken fenomene yang berlaku delem rajah {5 marks} {5 markah} tb} = ‘which can be preserved for a long period of time. () Explain a by mango a ‘bag! yng sesuel supaya manga dapat eorvengiama {6 marks] / [5 markah] () Describe the structure of the plasma membrane using the fluid mosaic model. Terengkan struktur membran plasme dengan menggunskan model bendalir mozok. 16 marks] / [6 markah} ————————————————— ‘https:/fickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 8M4: CHAPTER 3. PULAU PINANG 201: Question - Marking Scheme SSS ‘Sub | Total | — - _— Mark | Mark a\G)) | Able to draw a labelled plant cell to show each of the condition A and condition B cell wall cytoplasm vacuole Tia ‘Condition A / Keadoan A ‘Drawing / Laskisan 1 Label label 1 2 cell wall plasma membrane * {a pled atey ‘tom twat vacuole Condition B / Keadaan 8 Drawing / Lukisan ; 2 Label label (axis) | Able to explain the phenomenon that occursin diagram 6.1 PI : Excessive fertiliser increases the solute concentration in sol (round the roots) compared to the cel! sap( of the root) lebitan baja akan meningkatkan kepekatan 2: The cell sap now has a higher concentration of water / hypotonic to the soil water Stay mempey kpc ag eth ing Mpc teh a 3 : This results in water molecules diffusing from the cell sap into the soil by ‘osmosis ini menyebabkan molekul air akan meresap tanah secara osmosis, P4 : Plasmolysis occurs plasmoliss Berlaku PS : Vecuole / cytoplasm shrink Vakwol /sitoplasma mengecat 6 : Plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall Memibrn plasma’ tertarik ihenjaui dnding, eat terlarut dalam tanah teluar daripada sap sel ke ‘sel 7 ——— Page 9- FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 PULAU PINANG 2013 [- + (plasmolysed cell lose turgidity and support) causing the whole plant 10 wilt } “| ‘G@lasinolysis sel akan menyebabhun sel Kehitangan kesegahan can sokongan), menyebabkan pokok layu Any SP/ mana-mana SP} SX1 | § 6(o) "| Able to expiain a suitable method by which mango can be preserved for a _ ong period of time, Pl : Pickling Penjerukan 2: A high concentration of salt / sugar sofution is used Larutan garam atau gula yang pekat digimakan 3 : Concenirated salt / sugar solution is hypertonic conapared to the cell sap (of ‘the mango) Larutan garam / gula yang pekat adalah hipertonik terhadap sel sap (buah mangga) PA: Water molecules (within the food exile) difuse out by osmosis “Molekul air meresap keluar (deri buoh mangga} secara osmosis PS: Water molecules also difuse out from the microorganism Molekul air juga meresap keluar dari mikroorganisma 6 : Food become dehydrated ‘Mohanan mengalami penyahidratan 7: Without water, bacteria and fungus cannot survive ‘Tampa air, balteria dan kulat tidak dapat membiak (©) Able to describe the structure of plasma menibrane using the fluid mosaic model PI: Plasme membrane is composed of phospholipid and protein Menibran plasma terbina daripada fosfolipid dan protein PR: Various types of proteins are dsprsd thoughout ad aver Into the Fel fs proc teraebr den trina dean tiple fool 2: Phospholipid bier are not sigs ut im dynamic / exible dak: memmbentuk struktar iron tig sé garstatik tetapi yang: Pa; Phowot mole bis pol id icp) and eno pole LST lt mpd ich in crn rf PS : Contains cholesterol which links the fatty ecids together and ‘Mengandngi kelesierol wituk menghubung asid lemak Berscma dan — ‘htips//wickedbiology.wordpress.com age 10igthen ihe plasnia membrane (and make itmore exible.) Membantu memberi kestabilan / kekustan terhadap membron plasma{ dan ‘menyebabhanya membran lebih fleksibel) PT’: Has various type of proicins (eg: pore protein and carrier protein) either partially attached or wholly embedded in the membrane, ‘Mempuryal pelbagai protein (protein pembawa dan protein Hang) terbenam secara separa atau secara menyeturuh di dalari membran PB: The protein molecules float about in the phospholipid bilayer to form a mosaic pattern that is always changing / luid /dynamic. Molekul protein terapung di dalam dvilapisan fosfolipid untuk membentuk corak mozek yang sentiasa berubah /eiri bendalir/ dinamik Any 6P / mana-mana 6P ‘ttps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 11FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 SBP 2011 7 @) @ @ @ Movement of substances across the plasma membrane in the cell is important for the continuity in fife of organisms. The process helps to maintain a constant internal environment. Pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma ai dalam sel adalah penting untuk kemandirian hidup organisma. Proses ini mengekalkan persekitaran dalaman organism. Explain the importance of plasma membrane for the survival of living organism. Terangkan Kepentingan membran plasma untuk kemandirian organism hidup. [4 marks] [4 markah) (ii) Diagram 7.1 shows two types of transport of substances through plasma membrane. ~~ Rajah .1 menunjukkan dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma. Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 Explain the two types of transport of substances through plasma membrane ‘shown in Diagram 7. Terangkan kedua-dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7 [6 marks} [6 markah] Ahups://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 12FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 _ SBP 2011 (b) A student carry out the experiment to determine the concentration of an external ‘solution which is isotonic to the cell sap. The student immersed the potato strips in a different concentration of sugar in 30 minutes time. ‘Diagram 7.2 shows graph plotted to show the change in mass against Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2 (@ Based on the graph in Diagram 7.2,, stale the concentration of the solution that is isotonic to cell sp. Sarsemer ere ah 7.3, syed acon pane eaten Sage sap. Timarky (6) Explain what happen to the cell at point P , Q.and R. Terangkan apa yeng berlaku terhadap sel dititik P, Qdan R. [9 marks} 19 markeah} ————————— Aitps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 13FORM 4: CHAPTER 3. SBP 2011 ‘No ‘Mark Scheme ‘Sub | Total 7 Able to explain the importance of plasma membrane for the survival of | Max (@G) | living organism. ‘Sample answer F : living organism need mitrients / oxygen / gincose / mineral / any suitable example to continue their life's processes EI : ions inside cells must be kept at different concentration to outside the cells. E2 : fo maintain a constant internal environment/ homeostasis) EB: The substances across the plasma membrane from the external environment E4 : cells produce waste products which exit through the plasma membrane ES: The movement / types / amount of substances in and out of the cells is regulated by plasma membrane. EG : the cells need to maintain suitable pH of the celis for enzyme activity ET : so that cell can secretes usefil substances / hormones / enzymes Any four 4 @li) | Abie to explain active transport and facilitated diffusion of substances | 343 through plasma membrane ‘Sample answer Type F1 : facilitated diffusion occur E1 : diffusion of small molecules / ions E2: move fiom higher concentration to the higher concentration of sohite 3 : through pore protein EA: does no need energy Any three | 3 Type 2 F: Active transport occur E1: The molecules such as sodinm ions / potassium ions / glucose / ‘amino acid E2:: move against concentration gradient / from lower concentration to the higher concentration 3 : through carrier protein 4 : have active site with bind with particular molecule ES : need energy /ATP Any three | 3 6 ‘https:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 14FORM4:CHAPTERS sm 20 i) "| Abie to explain what happen to the cal ot post Quand Si ‘Sample answer 3 2 3 Isotonic to the sap cell: 0.27 motien”/ 0.28 mokim” :0.29 moldm’ Polat P Fi : The mass of potato increase 1 : (This oceer because) the solution concentration is hypotonic to the sap cell of the potato 2: The water molecule diffuse out from lower concentration! ‘hypotonic region to the higher concentrafioa/ hypertonic region 3: by osmosis E4 : cell becomes turgid (so the mass increased) Point Q F2: The potato does not lose or gain mass El: This occur because the concentration o the solution is isotonic to ‘the cell sap E2: Diffusion af water molecule is at equilibrium / equal rate £3 : no net gain or loss of water molecule (so the mass is matained) Point R F3: The mass of potato decrease El : (This occur because) the solution is hypertonic to the cell sap E2:: The water molecule diffuse out ftom cells ‘from higher ‘concentration to the lower concentration / solution at surrounding 3: by osmosis EA: cell becomes flaccid (60 the mass decreased) Any 10 | 10 ‘TOTAL | 20 ” hutps://mickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 15,FORM 4 : CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1) 6 (a) Enzymes is produced by living cells. There are two types of enzyme which are intracellular enzyme and extracellular enzyme. Diagram 6.1 shows the organelles involved in the synthesis and secretion of extracellular enzymes in an animal cell. Enzim dinasilkan oleh sel hidup. Terdapat dua jenis dua jenis iaitu enzim intrasel dan enzim juar sel. Diagram 6.1 menunjukkan organet-organel yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan rembesan enzim-enzim Ivar sel di dalam sel haiwan. Diagram 6.1 Rejah 6.1 (i) Explain the differences between intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes. Terangkan perbezaan di antara enzim intrasel dan enzim luar sel. [4 marks } [4 markah} ———— ‘itps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 16FORM 4 : CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2014 (SET 4) (ii) Deseribe the involvement of the organelles in the production of extracellular enzymes. Huraikan penglibatan organel-organel di dalam penghasilan enzim-enzim luar sel. [8 marks ] [8 markeh} 6 (b) Diagram 6.2 shows three stages in an enzyme reaction. Rajah 6.2 menunjukken tiga peringkat di dalam suatu tindakan enzim. . Ge €3 Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2 () Based on diagram above, explain the lock and key hypothesis in the mechanism of enzyme reaction. Berdasarkan gambarajah di atas, terangkan hipotesis kunci dan manga di dalam mekanisma tindak balas enzim. [8 marks ] [8 markah } —————— ‘hutps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 17FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1) Marking Criteria Marks) PT: Intracellular enzymes are produced and retained in the col P2: For the use of the cell itself P3: Extracellular enzymes are produced in the call but secreted from the cell P4: To function externally Total Marks: 4 marks: Pi: The nucleus contain DNA which cartes the information for the synthesis of enzymes 2: The genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA, in the nucleus P3:The RNA leaves the nucieus and attaches to ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum 4: Proteins that are synthesized at the ribosomes are transported through the space within RER P5: Proteins depart from RER wrapped in vesicles that bud off from the membrane of the RER P8:The transport vesicles fuse with the Golgi Apparatus and empty their content into the membranous space P7:The protein are further modified during their transport in Golgi Apparatus P8: Sacretory vesicles containing enzymes bud off from Golgi Apparatus and travel fo plasma membrane P9:These vesicles fuse with plasma membrane and release the extracellular enzymes (b) BT Enzyme 7 P is represent the look P2.: Substrate /Q is represent the ‘key’ P3: Enzyme / Pis specific. P4: Enzyme / P only can combined with substrate / Q PS: Enzyme/ P has specific active site which can fit into specific substrate / Ahttps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 18FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1) 6: The substrate /Q binds with the active site’ enzyme to [1 form an enzyme-substrate complex PT: Enzyme / P convert / hydrolysed / breakdown substrate 1 /Q into products/R 4 8: The producisiR are released from the enzymes 9: The enzyme/P remain unchanged at the end of the 4 reaction ‘P10: Enzyme P can be reused P11: The enzyme/P is now free to bind with another 4 motacute of substrate/Q Page 19FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2011 6 Diagram 6,1 shows the organelles im ulved ix the synthesis aed secresion of an extreceilular snayme in an animal cell, Rajah 6.2 memunjukkan organelorcanel yang teriibat dalam siniests des rembesan enzim tuar se} di dalam sel hasitvan. Secretory vesicle Fesikel rembesan Goigi Apparetis , Jas Golgi “Transport vesicle Fesitel pengangtut Nucleus Ribosome / Rihesoma Maieet — Rough endoplasmic retigulum Jalinan enduplawnea keer Diagram 5.1 / Raja 6.2 the processes involved ir the production of (a) Based on Dikgramn 6.1, expt eetirace.tular enzymes, Berdasuihun Rajah 6.1, reranghan pruses-proses yang terlibatt daicn penghavtlan ensim Ivar sel. [6 rucks ? merkab] Attps:/frickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 20NEGERI SEMBILAN 2031 (@) Diagram 6.2 shows twr: types of complex molecules. Rajah 6.2 menunjukken dua jenis motéhil konpleks. Same | Menoméx Monomer © | Basic unit: amino acid | simone CY ‘| Monomer ‘Basic unit: monosaccharide Unit asas: mannsakavida Unit avas: asid amino = ”Diagiai 62 /Rajah 6.2 a Based on Diagram 6.2, explain Berdasarkan Rajah 6,2, terangkan (tho formation of molecules X /pembentakan molebal X (ii) the breakdown ct molecule Y / penguraian molekul ¥ [4 marks / markait) oo Page 21FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 NEGER! SEMBILAN 2011 (6) Starch, protein end lipid can he hydrolysed by the enzymes X, Y and Z respectively. Disgram 6.3 is a graph which shows the effect of pHi on the rate of enzyme activity, Kanjt, protein dan lipid masing-masing dapat dihidrolisis otch encim X, ¥ dun z. Rajah 6.3 salah graf yang menunjukkan kesem pH he atay hedar abtivisl enzim, Diagram 6.3 / Rajah 6.3 Based on the Diagram 6,3, name X, Y, 7 ard explain how the chasiges in pH affects enzyme activity. Berdasarkan Rujeh 6.3, namakun.X, ¥, Z dan terangham Bagamana perubahan pH menjejasken oktlvisi enim. [1G marks / markah} ‘tps/nickedbiology: wordpress.com Page 22FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2011 ‘BINA inthe nucleus contains genetic information o synyhesize ‘enzymnes /protin, i * RNA copies the information from ite DNA for use in enzyme! prota ayes \ ‘ ‘+ - Ribosomes synthesise protein / polypeptides b Any * The synthesized proteins are transpovted through tie spaces ithe ha Proteins are transported by transport vesicles to the Golei apparatus | Here the proteins are modified inc enzymes, I ‘The enzymes are transported o the plasina membrane by secretory ! é vesleles to be released outside the cell | 1] mex ) P Molesle Xi elec Fate Which vnsiet ot ang 7 Reject sarch 1 monospacharides /lucose ‘alycogen * The monosaccturides /alucose are joined \opether by vinndetsaliany | 1 ‘eves 0 form long choine of polymers 1 Molecule ¥ is a polupeptice ( which consist of many amino acids) | 1 | Nocoic Vober act rhe! 6 pepo, V-saiwary amylase, Z trypsin i Each enzyme functions actively at fs optinmm pl ! ‘The cuzyine salivecy amy lave Kinstinns egtinlly ct pases | the optinam plt fis psin K pLEZ act | Luypsin is pH8 Sf alkstine fhe ehurpes it HE vt cas changes on the consentaaier hydrogen funstt. Yond hye nash ecm OH) + The excess hiydrngen ions or hydraxyt joie destabilise enzvines by tot | changing the charges of the active site. ‘ j * Charges on the substrate surface area) ale also changed t | ‘Hence the enzyme-subsivate complex cannot be formed / the | substrate carnot enter / fic into the active site sox j ; * Theeffects of pHi changes on enzyme activity are voveisible iy * An enzyme which is inactive [a igh pH mecium will become * | L_____| __aclive again wien itis arts : : [gotaL, nee aif | pon CHAPTER 4 PERAK 2010 _| Enzymes which are isolated from cells can function outside the cells. Enzymes can be used as catalysts in industries. The use of enzymes in industrial processes is known as enzyme technology. Encim yang diasinghan daripada sei boleh berfungst di luar sel. Enzio boleh digunakan sebagai pemangkin di dalam industri Penggunaan enzim di dalam perindustrian dikenali sebagai teknologi enim. | Based on the statement: | Berdasarkan penyataan di atas: @ list the general characteristic of enzymes ‘senaraikan ciri-ciri umuam enzim [4 marks] (il) Using suitable examples, discuss the uses of enzymes in industrial processes and our daily life. {6 marks] Dengan menggunakan contoh-contoh yang sesuai. Bincangkan kegunaan encim di dalam proses industri dan kehidupan harian. FIGURE 6 (b) Figure 6 shows the organclles involved during the synthesis and seeretion of an enzyme in an animal cell. Based on Figure 6. explain how extracellular enzyme are produced by emphasizing on the role of P. Q. R and S. Rajah 6 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat semasa penghasilan dan perembesan enzim di dalam sel haiwan. Berdasarkan Rajah 6, terangkan bagaimana enzim luar sel dihasilkan dengan ‘menekankan peranan P, Q, R dan S. [10 Marks]PERAK 2010 (eit) Able to list the general characteristics of enzymes Sample answer PI ~ Enzymes are proteins which are synthesised by living organisms. P2— Enzymes bind fo their substrates and convert them to product in the ic reaction ‘enzymatic P3— Enzymes have specific sites ealled active sites to bind to specific substrates // enzymes are highly specific in their reaction // cach enzyme can only catalyse one kind of substrate / specific substrate P4— Enzymes speed up the rates of chemical reactions but remain unchanged (at the end of the reaction ) {/ They are not destroyed by the reactions they catalyse. PS ~ Enzyines are needed in small quantities because they are not used up (but released at the end of a reaction) P6— Most enzyme-catalysed reactions are reversible // eazymes can catalyse the reaction in either direction. P7— The activity of an enzyme can be slowed down or completely stopped by inhibitors /’In order to fnction well , many enzymes require helper molecules ealled cofactors. JAble to discuss the uses of enzymes in industrial processes and our daily life, using suitable examples Sample answer type of industry? isolation Enzymes used Uses (U) @ {E) Food processing | Reanin <*Solidifies milk proteins industry Lipase ‘*Ripening of cheese Lactase Hydrolyses lactose to (a)Dairy products glucose in the making of ice-cream [Bread and other | Amylase ‘samylase convert starch bakery products flour into sugar in the (baking industry) making of the bread Protease “protease convert protein in the making of biscnit @Alchoholic drinks [Amylase ‘amylase convert starch in = 5 Page 25FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 _ PERAK 2010 | (eer Twine Thal info giocose T making industry) for the fermentation of ‘yeast (in wine and beer Zymase Savas ass 1 into ‘ethanol during fermentation of yeast (in —| wine and beer production) | ‘products “Protease “*Profease removes the skin 1 of fish products | Protease ‘Tenderises meat grain ‘Celtulase | «Breaks down cellulose and | products removes seed coats from cereal grain 1 | Max: 7m ial a ‘Digest cell wall and 1 extracts agar from seaweed Products | Amylase Change starch to sugar in the making of syrup 1 Glucose Convert giucase into isomerase fructose // Production of 1 ‘high fructose syrup Leather products | Trypsin/ ‘Removal of hair from 1 Protease ‘animal hides 8. Medical 7 (@ancreatic) | © Treats inflammation ttipsia 1 product QMicrobial) | » Dissatves blood clots | typsin 1 “Biological Proteaseand | »Dissolve protein and starch washing powder | amylase stains in clothes 1 or detergent Grant marks : 1 All the three comesponding (T+ +U ) should be correct 10 marks 6%) | Able to explain how extracellular enzyme is produred by emphasising on the role of P, Q, R and $ Sample answer PIP : nucleus, store genetic imformation / gene (for the synthesis af enzymes) in chromosome / DNA /is carried by the DNA. Pl The messenger RNA/ mRNA is synthesised acconting to the {instruction on the DNA // The genetic information to synthesis the enzyme in DNA is transfered to RNA in code form //| 1 ‘mentioning of the transcription process briefly. P3_Q : mitochondrion, produce energy by cellular respiration (used in the production of extracellular enzyme i - - __. ‘hups://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 26. RM 4: CHAPTER 4 PERAK 2010 a = | 'P4—The messenger RNA /miRNA / RNA thea leaves the nucleus and ‘moves to the ribosame (which is the site of protein synthesis) PS The messenger RNA / mRNA /RNA attaches itself to the| 1 sibosome i ‘P6- Protein that are synthesised at the ribosome are transported| 1 -- Proteins depart fiom the rough endoplasmic reticulum wrapped ! in vesicle that bud off from the sides of the rough endoplasmic reticulum / from the membranes of the rough endoplasmic i seticulum | P8— These transport vesicles fuse with the membrane of the R, Golgi} i ‘apparatus / body and empty their contents into the membranous space PO- These proteins ase modified during their transport in the Golgi} 1 apparatus, R. [Siege ® mis eos carbohydrate are added to protein I~ S, secretory vesicle containing these modified proteins tad off : from the Golgi membrane and travel to plasma membrane 1 [ing poco treat eee ‘seleasing the proteins outside the cell as extacelfular enzymes. i Grant marks: 1 | Max: ‘Hf student mention the names of P,Q, R and 5 before or after 10m explaining the process. Total: (20 marksKELANTAN 2008 6 (a) According to the stages melaphase, anaphase and telophase in cell dvsion, differentiate the events happening during mitosis and meiosis. Berdasarkan kepada peringkat metafasa, analasa dan’ telofasa dalam pembahagian sel, bezakan peristiva yang berlaku semasa mitosis dan meiosis. [4 marks} " (b) Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2 Diagram 6.1 is a new variety of 2 vegetable which has @ great commercial value. Diagram 6.2 is the original parent ofthe plant. Based on above Diagram and with your biological knowledge, explain how a farmer can propagate this variety to give a large scale of yield and at the same time maintains its quality. Rajah 6.1 adalah satu variati sayuran di mana mempunyai nilai komersial, Rajah 6.2 adalah induk tmpatan pokok tersebut. Berdasarkan Rajah di atas dan pengetatuen biologi anda, terangkan bagaimena Seorang petani dapat memperbanyakkan variati ini supaya hasil ladang dapat ‘meningkat dan pada masa yang sama, kualiti dapat dipelhara. [6 marks} ¢) Discuss how mutation can lead to the formation of tumour Bincangkan bagaimana mutasi dapat menyebabkan pembentukan tumor. f sks} 10 marFORM 4: CHAPTERS KELANTAN 2008 | | SUGGESTED ANSWER : No. | ACCEPTED POINTS / DESCRIPTION / EXPLANATION M 6(a) © Able to cifferentiate the events happening durhg mitosis | 4 and meiosis, Stages Mitosis Melosis 1-Metaphase —_|- homologous chromosome are | - homologous chromosome line up arranged In linear sequence | side by side at the metaphase plate ‘randomly at the metaphase plate 2. Anaphase ~ separation of sister chromatids | - separation of the homologous to the opposite polel/ the chromosome to the opposite pole // centromere of each chtomesome | sister chromatids still remain Givides into two and allows sister | attached to each other during chromatid to move to opposite | movernent to the opposite pole pole. 3.Telophase =| - two daughter nuclei are formed | - four daughter nuclei are formed = diploid (2n) number of chromosome is remained ~ daughter cells are genetically Identical to each other and to the parent cell, = diploid (2n) number of chromosome is reduced to haploid (n) + daughter cells are differ from the parent and from each other! variation ‘occurs among daughter cells. ‘1meach = max 4 marksFORM 4: CHAPTER 5 KELANTAN 2008 [ No. ACCEPTED POINTS / DESCRIPTION / EXPLANATION Sum 6b) Able to explain how a farmer can propagate this variety to ive a large scale of yield and at the same time maintains its quality. ‘+ The technique used is tissue culture technique * A piece of tissue/explant is taken from the young part of the parent plant eg. Shoot/ root and cut into smaller pieces + The tissues are sterilized (with dilute sodium hypochlorite solution) to prevent the growth of pathogens / bacteria ‘fungus. * Each pieces of sterilised tissue is placed onto a growth medium/ gel containing nutrients (eg. Glucose, amino acid, minerals etc.) and hormone/auxin with optimum — pH level © The apparatus and culture medium used must be in sterile conditions and kept under the suitable temperature/ 30- 35°C. * The tissue cells then divide repeatedly by mitosis to produce a mass of undifferentiated cells callus * After several weeks, callus differentiated to produce shoots and roots /organogenesis. * Once the roots grow, the plantlets/littie plant are removed and transferred to the soil for growth into the adult plant. * All the plantlets produced this way are genetically identical ‘and known as clones. ‘+ Therefore, all adults plants that develop from them share the same traits, for example has large fruits. Max point - 1 mark 10 point - 10 marks, Max: 6ACCEPTED POINTS / DESCRIPTION / EXPLANATION 6b) Discuss how mutation can lead to the formation of ‘certain substance/carcinogen such as benzo- A - pyrene etc... * can cause the change in DNA structure (that control the coll cycle) aan abnormal cell is formed/ cancer cell / mutant celi this change disrupts the coded DNA genetic instruction for mitosis contro! this leads to uncontrolled mitosis (which is non-stop division of the cell) producing a mass of new daughter cells called tumour '* tumour cells have no function, but instead compete with surrounding normal cells to obtain nutrients and energy for their own growth © some tumours remain inactive and are relatively harmless (not cancerous) and called benign tumour Benign tumour cells remain at its original site and do Not spread to other part of the body. It can be removed by surgery. Other tumour, called malignant tumours are very active (cancerous), spread locally and some cancer cell migrates through bloodstream to invade other organ. when this happens, secondary tumous develop in other body tissue, then lead to the malfunction of the tissue and ultimately death An individual with a malignant tumour is said to have cancer. ° Max 10FORM 4: CHAPTER 5 SBP 2009 7. (@)(i) What is meant by cloning? — Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pengkionan? vena [2 marks} 2markah} (@)() Describe one cloning technique to produce a commercial plant of desirable charactoristies Jelaskan satu contoh teknik pengklonan yang. boleh chounakan untuk menghasikan fumbuhan komersial yang mempunyai ciri-ciri yang dikehendaki. 6 £6 markab] @) ‘The hormone insulin used by present day diabetics is the result of genetic engineering technology. This hormone which was used to treat diabetics since 1982 is the first technological dari feknologi kejuruteraan Sejak 1862 adnan prodek fenotg perame yang ‘dibenarkan yang dibenarkan untuk, Based on above information, discuss the benefits of genetic engineering method in Producing products forthe society. Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, bincangkan keboikan teknik kejuriteraan genetik dalam keperivan masyarakat. [6 marks} [6 markab] (©) Diagram 7.1 shows @ group of cols that is exposed to ulreviolel ray. Rejah 7.1 menunjukken sekumputan set yang terdedah kepada sinar ultraviolet. ‘The exposure drives the col cycle matfunctions. Based on the Diagram 7.1 describe effect of call cycle malfunctions to the Pendedahan kepada sinar radioaktf menyebabkan kitar sel tidak berfungsi. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, huraikan kesan kitar sel yang tidak berfungsi ke ates badan. 16 marks]FORM 4: CHAPTER 5 SBP 2009 Marking Criteria Able to explain what cloning is : Sample answer 1: Cloning Is an asexual reproductive process of producing clones/idoes not involve gamete P2.: A clone is a group of cells//organism//a population of organisms produced from a single ancestral cell. P3 : Aclones genetically identical 4 : The technique can be used to produce high quality of organism / orchids/ oil palm / cocoa plants. Any 2P (b) Abie to describe tissue culture technique. Sample answer: 1: Tissue culture technique 2: Tissue culture technique is used to produce (high quality of seediing)oil paim seedlings in vitro/any suitable example. P3 : The leaves/shoot/stem/root tissues are cut out (These cut out Plant tissues are called explants). P4 :The pieces of meristematic tissue (explants) are cultured in sterile nutrient medium, in suitable pH and with addition of plant growth substances.( at least 2 factors) PS :The flasks containing the tissue are stored in an incubator at 37°C for 2/3 weeks. 6 : The cell divide by mitosis to produce callus. P7 : The callus is then cut into small pieces. : The small pieces of callus tissues are then cultured in sterile nutrient medium. Pt ® P9 : When it has grown to a suitable size, the clone is transferred to the nursery. Any 8 P Page 33°FORM 4: CHAI P2009 (c) Abie to describe the effect of cycle malfunctions to the body. ‘Sample answer P1: The exposure damage the DNA of the cell P2: A cell divides through mitosis repeatedly. P3: Produces cancerous cell P4: Due to (severe ) distruption to the mechanism that controls the cell cycle PS: Cancerous cells divide freely / uncontrollably heeding the ceil cycle controf 6: (these cells ) compete with surrounding normal cells to obtain nutrient / energy (for growth) P7: Invade / destroy neighbouring cells 8: (they can spread to other organ and) initiate , cancers there. Any 6P TOTAL Attys; */rackedbiology. wordpress.com “Page 34FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 8 (@)_ Diagram 8.1 shows two reactions that occur is a chloroplast. Rajah 8.1 memnjukkan dua tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam Koroplas. SBP 2012 Reaction I: Reaction Il: Tindak balas 1 Tindak balas Uh Water > Hydrogen ions > Hydrogen atoms || Hydrogen atoms Glucose Air Tonhidrogen Atom hidrogen Atom hidrogen _ Glukosa + + > Hydroxyll ions > Oxygen + Water || Carbondioxide Water Jon hidroksida Oksigen Air || Karbon dioksida Air Diagram 8.1 Rajah 8.1 Based on Diagram 8.1, describe both reactions. Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1, huraikan kedua-dua tindak balas, [10 marks} [10 markah} ‘itps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 35FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 SBP 2012 (b) Diagram 8.2 shows the daily menu of a pregnant woman. Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan menu harian bagi seorang wanita mengandung. Breakfast / Sarapan Pagi A plate of fried rice ‘Sepinggan nasi goreng A.cup of fresh milk Satu cawan susu segar Lunch / Makan Tengahari A bowl of chicken rice Semanghuk nasi ayam A piece of roasted chicken ‘Seketul ayam panggang. A bow! of chicken soup Semangkuk sup ayam A glass of carbonated drink Segelas minuman bergas Dinner / Makan Malam ‘A plate of fried noodle Sepinggan mee goreng A banana Sebiji pisang A.cup of coffee secawan kopi Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2 Does the menu provide a balanced diet for the pregnant woman? Discuss your opinion, Adakah menu ini membekalkan diet seimbang untuk wanita mengandung? Bincanghan pendapat anda, [10 marks} [10 markah} ‘ttps//wickedbiology wordpress.com Page 36SBP 2012 » FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 _ ———SBP 2012 N Criteria Marks @ ‘Able to describe mechanism of photosynthesis. Sample answer: * (Reaction 1) : Light reaction © Occurs in granum / grana * That contains chlorophyll = Water molecules are broken down by light * Into hydrogen ions and hydroxy! ions = Called photolysis of water * Electrons from chlorophyll * Discharged hydrogen ions into hydrogen atoms = Hydroxyl ions release electrons (to the chlorophyll) = Form oxygen gas and water *# (Reaction Ml): Dark reaction * Occurs in stroma (of chloroplast) * Contains enzymes * Receives ATP from light reation » Hydrogen from light reaction react with carbon dioxide = Reduction of carbon dioxide * Forms glucose (and water) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 * Contains too much fat * In fried rice / chicken rice / fried noodle * Increase cholesterol level = Cause excess body weight / hypertension / cardiovascular problems * Carbonated drink contains excess sugar = Cause diabetics * Contains colouring / preservatives / chemicals / acids Cause cancer / gastritis Coffee contains caffeine / drugs / chemicals = Acting on the nerves * Cause contipation * Less vitamin / minerals / ferum // other examples * for good health / make blood // other examples (10 marks) OR * Yes = Rice provides carbohydrates = For energy * Fresh milk provides proteins = For growth of foetus * Calcium for bone formation = Roasted chicken provides proteins (Any 10) ® Able to discuss the menu whether it Provides a balanced diet for the 10 pregnant woman or not. Sample answers "No * Tess fats so less risk of cardiovascular problems * chicken soup provides minerals // examples * for good health // other examples = Banana provides fibres * Avoid contipation (Any 10) TOTAL 20 Attps://ickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 37FORM 5: CHAPTER 6 _ SBP 2014 8 @) Diagram 8.1 shows the relationship between light intensity and the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. Diagram 8.2 the involvement of two organelles in photosynthesis and respiration at the compensation point, Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan hubwigan antara keamatan cahaya dengan kadar fotosintesis dan ‘kadar respirasi dalam tumbuban. Rajah 8.2 menuoyjutkan penglibatan dua organel di dalam satu sel twnbuhan berkattan proses fotosintesis dan resptrasi pada titik pampasan, Oo Chloroplast Mloroplas co: ‘Mitochondrion . Mitokondria 0 Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2 ‘Analyse the graph in Diagram 8.1 and show the relationship between light intensity and the production of crop yield et points A, B, C, and D. Analisis graf dalam Rajah 8.1 dan tunjukkan perhubungan antara keamatan cahaya dan hhasil tanaman pada tiik-tink A,B, C, danD. [10 marks] [10 markah] Page 38FORM 5: CHAPTER 6. SBP 2014 (b) Diagram 8:3 shows the balanced diet proportion for preguant woman. Table 8.4 shows the food intake by a pregnant woman for her dinner. Rajah 8.3 memunjukkan nisbah gist seimbang untuk wanita hamil Jadual 84 mennjukkan makanan yang diambil oleh seorang perempuan ham untuk makan malam, Table 8.4 Jadual 8.4 State whether the mema is suitable forthe pregnant woman. Use related biological concepts to support your opinion. Nyatakan samada menu tersebut sesuat untuk perempuan mengandung. itu. Gunakan konsep biologi yang Berkaitan untuk menyokong pendapat anda. [10 marks} (10 mark] —————— Page 39 Aitps// tbiology. wordpress.comFORM 4: CHAPTER 6 SBP 2014 —___ ‘Criteria ‘Ai copia Low Rg nay ates te podocion of erp yield ‘the relationship between the rate of photosynthesis and the rafe of sespiration 2t points A, B, Cand D to the growth of crop. Sample answer: ALA: PY In the dark/ low light (intensity), only respiration occurs / large py Rimlgyef COs pramcaitaed Ae Ht (atensity) increases ‘the quantity of CO; produce B3 ‘ices prt of CO prodaced ding espinton wed for ct ‘this point of light inemsity) all the CO,release from respiration is 7 erecta pte tot . ‘sugar produced. » rl fotos equal he eo ition (is pits calied compensation point) P10 No growth // mo production of crop AG PII as light intensity increases, the mate of photosynthesis become faster than / exceed the rate of: P12 (atthe same time) excess Oy is releases (into the atmoaphere) P13 Growth occurs PI4 Production of crop increases, ALD: PIS is the light saturation point PIG an increase in light intensity does not increase the rate of 17 tassimamn rate of photos thesis PIT Growth rate is maximum PIB prodaction of crop is maximum Gay 10) ——————— ‘https, /wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 40FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. sap 2014 @ | Able to state whether the men provides a balanced diet for the 10 Pregnant woman or not and able to discuss. Sample answers: F NofItis not suitable t ‘Reasons Pi Contains too much fat P2 Ia fried egg / chicken cunry / butter 3 Increase cholesterol level P4 Cause excess body weight / hypertension / cardiovascular ‘PS Carbonated drink contains excess sugar P6 Cause diabetics ‘P7 Contains coloring / preservatives / chemicals / acitis PS Cause cancer /, i tt pa PLL Less /ao vegetables and fibre. Pi2 Cause: PIS Less vitamin / minerals / ferum // other examples P14 for good health / make blood // other examples i HH th a | (Any 10) OR F Yew lis suitable 1 ne ‘Reasons: PI Rice/potato chips contain s carbohydrate 2 fix energy BS we fr actin body metabo chicken cuyrftied egg contains protein B for building new cells growth’ replace old cells 6 butter contains lipid/txt 7 {br Soon of anes marae! new els PR as a stored energy 9 sr the predation of (ero) hormone testosterone! P20 Milk contains caleinny phosphorus PEI for the formation of teeth andi bones of foetus i (Ay 10) — eee ‘Ltips://wickedbjology. wordpress.com Page 41. FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 PULAU PINANG 2013 @) ‘The energy requirement of a girl aged 15 is 9000 KJ daily. Table below shows the types of food, quantity and energy content of her daily menu. Keperluan tenaga remaja perempuan berumur 15 tahun ialah 9000KI sehari. Jadwal «li ‘bawah memunjukkan jenis makanan, kuantiti dan kanchungan tenaga dan menu hariannya, Types of food ‘Quantity taken Energy content JJenis makanan Kuantiti diambil | Kandungan tenoga (e) (13/1008) Rice/ Nasi 350, 1300 Chips! Kerepek 150 1000 ‘Roasted chicken / Ayam panggang 300 800, Grilled mutton/ Kambing pangeang 200 1200 Boiled potatoes) Kentang rebus 150 500 Chocolate/ Coklat 100 2500 ‘Yoghurt/ Daath 200 200 Eggs! Telur 100 600, Table ¥/ Jadual | Gi) Gili) ) @ (i) Calculate the daily total energy value taken by the git). i Hitungkan jumlah rilat tenaga harian yang diambil oleh remaja itu. {2 marks] / (2 markah] Isher daily menu a balanced dict? Adakah menu hariannya gia! Simbong? Te ‘Terangkon [2 marks) / [2 markah} If she continues to take the menu every day, fora long time, explain the consequences to her health, Jika dia terus mengambil menu tersebut setiap hari untuk tempoh yang lama, terangkun kesan ke atas kesihatannya. [6 marks] /[o marka Photosynthesis is a process whereby a green plant produces organic food | tubsatces rm carbon aside andar ine presence of carp and sui Fotosintesis lalah proses cl mans tumbuhan hijeu monghesiken beher! makanan organik daripada karbon dioksida dan air dengan kehadiran kiorofil dan cahaya Based on your understanding of the abové statement, describe how a molecule of carbon dioxide in the air and water absorbed from the roots becomes part of a carbohydrate molecule stored in a leaf ofa plant. Berdasarkan kefahaman anda terhadap pernyataan datas, terangkan bagaimana suat ‘molekul karbon dioksida di udara dan air yang diserap di akar menjadi sebahaglan daripada ‘molekul karbohidrat yang disimpan pada daun tumbuhan. [8 marks] / [8 markah] Describe how a carbohydrate molecule stored in a leaf of a plant can become a starch molecule stored in the root. Terangkan bagalmana suatu molekul karbohidrat yang disimpan pada dawn tumbuhan boleh ‘menjadi suatu molekul kanji yang disimpan dalam akar [2 marks] / [2 markah] —_—_—————_————__ Autps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 42cme, Marking Sehemme “Ao elo Olly tal aay Tae Raa By eT | Totengy vets mo, “| Aaah nila tenaga iatah : 5250+ 1500 +2400 +2400 + 750 + 2500% 400 +600 = 15800KI Able to explains her dally menu balanced diet PL: No/ The menu is note balanced diet - ‘Tidak! menu ttu bukan gisl yang xelmbang E1: The menu does not contain the seven classes of food in the appropriate ratio// The mena is highly rch in carbohydrates and fats//No ‘vegetables and lack of vitamins//Higher energy intake compared to energy requirement for a 15. Yang berpatutan.// Meru itu kaya dengan karbohidrat dan lemak.// Tada sayuran dan kekurangan vitamin.// Pengambilan tenaga lebih {tinggi daripada apa yang dipertukan oleh seorang budak perempuan berumar 15 tahun. Able to explain the consequences to her health, FI: Constipation // Sembelit EA: Her menu lacks fibre/ roughage so her faeoes moves too slowly through her colon. ‘Menu remoja itu kekwrangan fiber /serat, oleh itu tinjanya bergerak dengan perlahan melalui kolonnya, 2: Seurvy // shart 2: Lack of vitamin C // any other vitamin deficiency with explanation Kekurangan vitamin C/ sebarang penyckit kekurangan vitamin yang lain dengan penerangan 3: Obesity /obesiti E3: High intake of roast chicken/ grilled mutton/ chocolate/ chips increases the amount of fas stored in the body Memakan gyam panggang/ kambing panggang/ coklat/ kentang ‘meningkatean amaun lemak yang tersimpan dalam badan, Fé: Diabetes mellitus / Diabetes mellitus BS: Arteriosclerosis / Artherosclerosis Arteriosklerosis / Artherosklerasis : Roasted chicken/ gritled rmutton/ chips contains cholesterol which is deposited in the (lumen of) blood vessels arteries. Ayam panggang / kambing panggang/ coklat/ kentang yang mengandungi kolesterol terkanpul pada (luten) ater salur darah ES: ‘kelas makanan dalam kadar(0) @) Semasatindakbalas cahaya, Horofil menyerap tenaga cahaya untuk ‘menghasilakan ATP/ electron, 3: Photolysis of water préduces hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions, Fotolsis air menghasiltan ion hidrogen dan ton hidrokstl ‘P4: The hydrogen ions (H') combine with electrons to form hydrogen atoms. om hdrogen (3) bergabung dengan electron untuk membentuk atom PS: The hydrogen atoms/ ATP will be used in the dark reaction, Atom hidrogen! ATP akan digunakan dalana tindok balas gelap ‘P6: The dark reaction takes place in the absence of light. ‘Tndakbalas gelap berlaku taxpa cahaya 7: It occurs in the stroma, Ja berlaku dalam stroma 'P8: Carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen to form glucose and water, ‘Karbon dioksida bergabung dengan hidrogen untuk membentuk dan air. ghitosa 'P9: Glucose undergoes condensation and is converted to starch for storage in the leaf, Glukosa melalul kondensast dan ditukar kepada kanji watuk distmpam pada dawn, P10: Glucose may also be transformed into sucrose to be transported to ‘other parts of the plant, Glukosa boleh ditukar juga kepada sukrosa wituk diangaut ke bahagion lain tumbuhan (any 8 P) /(mana-mana 8) Able to describe how a carbohydrate molecule stored in a leaf ofa Plant can become a starch molecule stored in the root, P11: Starch stored in a leaf is converted to sucrose. Kanji disimpan dalam dawn ditukar kepada sukrosa P12: Sucrose is then transported by phloem tissues (sieve tubes) to the roots. Sulrosa dianghat ke tisufloem (itub penapts) ke akar P13: In the roots, sucrose is converted to starch molecule to be stored, Dalam akar, ker ditukar ke molekul kanji untuk disimpan, _(any 2P) /(manasmana 2P) : Any 6 48) 1 1 (ani-mana 6 +8) Able to describe how a molecileof carbon dioxide in the air and water” absorbed from the roots becomes part of a carbohydrate molecule stored in leaf of a plant, . Pi: Light feaction occurs in the grana. 8X1 2X1 20 Page 44FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 / Pengawetan makanan melibatkan kaedah penyediaan untuk memanjangkan tempoh hayat dan mengelakkan pembaziran makanan. Food preservation involves methods of preparing food to extend the lifespan and to avoid wastage of food. , (@) Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, terangkan kepentingan memproses makanan. Based on the above statement, explain the necessity for food processing. *[10 markah] [0 marks] Rajah 8 Diagram 8 ; () Rajah 8 menunjukkan beberapa kaedah pengawetan yang digunakan dalam pemprosesan makanan, Jelaskan bagnimana kaedah itu boleh mengawet makanan untuk satu jangka masa yang panjang. Diagram 8 shows several methods of food preservation that being used in food Processing. Describe how the method can preserve food for a long period of time. [10 markab [20 marks} ——— Page 45FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 8(a) | Terangkan keperluan pemprosesan makanan, Contoh jawapan F1 Untuk menghalang kerosakan makanan 1 El ~dengan membunuh mikroorganisma dalam makanan 1 2 — menjadikan makanan taban lama 1 F2~—Menghalang pengoksidaan makanan dengan udara 1 El —oksigen bertindakbalas dengan enzim/bahan kimia 1 yang dihasilkan oleh seV makanan ‘E2—menghilangkan rupa asal makanan 1 F3~ meningkatkan nilai komersial 1 1 — bahan pengawet/ pewamna/ perisa ditambah untuk 1 ‘menambah rasa makanan/mengawet bahan makanan Imemberi warma See Attps///wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 46FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 NO | KRITERIA PEMARKAHAN MARKAL | JUMLAH 4 - meningkatkan Kepelbagaian penggunaan bahan T ‘makanan El ~mempelbagaikan produk makanan 1 E2—menghasilkan produk makanan baru 1 10MAX (@) | Jelaskan bagaimana kaedah itu boleh mengawet makanan untuk satu jangka masa yang panjang. Contoh jawapan Pempasteuran = Susu dipanaskan pada suhu 630C selama 30 1 minit//720C selama 15 saat = Penyejukan segera dibawah subu 10 oC * Membunuh bacteria tetapi tidak memusnahkan spora + Mengekalkan nutrient/rasa/vitamin B susu = Disimpan di dalam peti sejuk untuk mencegah ‘keaktifan bacteria Pengetinan "= Menggunakan haba pensterilan | Membunuh mikroorganisma dan spora = Dipanaskan menggunakan stim di bawah tekanan dan suhu tinggi * Dibungkus di dalam bungkusan kedap udara 1 ‘© Mencegah pertumbuhan mikroorganisma 1 Penyejukan 1 * Disimpan pada suit bawah 4 oC 1 * Menghalang pertumbuhan 1 mikroorganisma/percambahan spora 10MAX JUMLAH 20FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2012 senate 6 Diagram 6.1 shows the movement of water and carbon dioxide in plant. Rajoh 6.1 menunjukkon pergerakan air dan karbon dloksida dalam tumbuhani. (a) Based of the structure above, explain the adaptation of the leaf to carry out photosynthesis efficiently i 120 marks} Berdasarkan struktur di atas, terongkan penyesuaian pada daun untuk menjalankan proses fotasintesis dengan cekap. {10 markah} (b) Diagram 6. 2 shows a method of plant cultivation without use of soil . Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu kaedah penanaman tanpa menggunakan tanah. ST ‘Aitps;//wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 48KEDAH 2012 FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 (o Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2 Describe the method used, [4 marks) Terangkan kaedoh yang digunakan. , ¢ (4 markah] Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are organisms which carry the genetic information or beneficial genes from other organisms. Nowadays, the crops such as wheat, soya bean, paddy and tomatoes are widely to be cultivated commercially as genetically modified plant. Organisma yang diubahsual secara genetik (GMO) adalah satu organisma yong membawa maklumat genetik atau gen manfaat daripado organisma lain. odo masa sekarang, tanaman seperti gandum, kacang soya, padi dan tomato secara mefuas ditanam sebagai tumbuhan yang diubahsuai secara genetik, Based onthe information above, cscs the advantages and the esadvantages of producing genetically modified organisms in food producti 16 marks] Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, bincangkan kebaikan don keburukan menghasilkan ‘makanan. organisma yong terubahsual kandungen genetiknya dalam penghaslian [6 markah} Page 49 https;//wickedbiology. wordpress.comKEDAH 2012 FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. ‘Skema Soalan Essei Biologi 2012 QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA SUB | TOTAL No MARKS | MARKS 6(2) | P1_ | Epidermis with layer of cuticle/ coated with a wax Y P2_ | Prevent excess transpiration/loss of water 1 OR P1_ | // Epidermis are transparent 1 P2_| Allow light easily penetrate the leaf (and reach the chloroplast) | 1 | 2m P3__| Stomais flanked by (two) guard cells 1 4 | which regulate the size of the stoma. 1 P5 | Stoma allow the exchange of gases/ carbon dioxide from atmosphere diffuse into the leaf/ water vapour /oxygen diffuses | out of the alr. 6 | Palisade mesophyll cells are packed tightly 1 P7_| to receive maximum amount of sunlight i pg _| contains high density of chloroplasts 1 p9__| Spongy mesophyll cells are irregular shape/ loosely arranged 1 P10 | Increase the internal surface area for gaseous exchange/ 1 to form alot of air spaces /Allow easy diffusion of water and 1 carbon dioxide Piz ‘| Vascular bundle/veins contains xylem and floem 1 iz | Xylem transport water/mineralssalt// give mechanicals support | P13 | Floem transport organic products of photosynthesis /glucose (away from the leaf ) fony 8] em Total marks 10m ——aio rT m1 Page 50FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2012 QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA SUB | TOTAL NO MARKS | MARKS 6{b) | P2 [Hydroponic ( Name of the technique) 1 2 |grow plants in culture solutions a P3__ | the root of the plants are immersed in solution 1 4 |which contains all the macronutrient and micronutrient in a |the correct proportion ps _|the culture solution is aerated 1 p¢ | to Provide suffient oxygen for respiration [any4P]}| [4m Advantages : 6(c) | P1_ | Used to produce disease resistant/pest resistant plants 1 P2__ | Less pesticides are used 1 3. | Less pollution to the environment // better health for consumers. | + 4 | Increase yield of crops / profitability a PS. | Help to solve problems of insufficient food 1 P6 | Increase resistance in plant to herbicide eg. soya bean 1 plantation ' P7_| Higher vitamin A / beta carotene content in rice / tomato /accept 1 suitable example of crops. pg_ | Help to solve problems of malnutrition. a pg | Produce crop with longer shelf lifes 1 pio | Prevent food wastage {any 4] a |4m Disadvantages p11 | Pest resistant genes may be transferred to weeds cause difficult | 3 ‘to control growth of weeds. 1 P12 | Some genetic modified crops may have animal genes 1 P13 | Genetic modified organisms may affect the survival of other organisms in the ecosystem. P14 | Cause the imbalance of nature / ecosystem x 2 fany 2°) ™ Total marks 10m ——— Page 51 “tps:/Wickedbiology. wordpress.comFORM 4: CHAPTER 6 (a) (b) KEDAH 2013 Photosynthesis occurs in two stages which are the light reaction and dark reactign. Describe the differences between the light reaction and dark reaction. Fotosintesis berlaku dalam dua peringkat tindak bolas cahaya dan tindak balas gelap. Huraikan perbezaan antara tindak balas cahaya dan tindak balas gelap. [4 marks/ markah] In countries with four seasons, plants are grown in greenhouses. Diagram 8.1 shows plants grown in a greenhouse. Dalam negara empat musim, tanaman ditonam di dalam rumah kaca, Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan tonaman yang ditanam dalam rumah hijau iagram / Rajah 8.1 Based on the statement, explain how this method enable the continuous produétion of crops throughout the year. Berdasarkan pernyataan ini, terangkan bagaimana kaedah ini membolehkan pengeluaran +hasil tanaman yang berterusan sepanjang tahun. [6 marks/ markah] Attps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 52FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2013 {e) Diagram 8.2 shows a few examples of processed food. Rojah 8.2 menunjukkan beberapa contoh makanan diproses. ate) Diagram / Rajah 8.2 Discuss the good effects and bad effects of processed food in our dally ie. ‘Bincangkan keson-kesan boik dan buruk makanan diproses dolam kehidupan harian kita. [201 imatks/ ‘markah] ‘hutps//wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 53FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2013 38] TOTAL aay MARKING CRITERIA | tos fe] ‘reaction Dark reaction Di. Occurs in granum ‘Occurs in stroma D2. Requires light Does not require light ‘D3. Involves photolysis of Involves reduction/ fixation of water, carbon dioxide. D4. Materials required is Materials required is carbon water/ chlorophylt dioxide/ hydrogen atoms/ ATP DS. Produces oxygen and | Produces glucose aja water Any 4 pairs: (6) | F: In temperate countries, light intensity/ temperature changes 1 ‘throughout the year. Pi: During winter, temperature is very low. 1 Anttps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 54M4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2: During autumn, the plants shed their leaves // light intensity // temperature is low 3: Rate of photosynthesis s very low 4: During spring and summer, the light intensity/ temperature are optimum for photosynthesis. 5: So the rate of photosynthesis is maximum highest 6: In the greenhouse, light intensity/ concentration of carbon dioxide/ temperature can be controlled/maintained at optimum level P7 : Plant can carry out photosynthesis throughout the year, 8: at maximum rate (regardless of changes in light intensity or temperature). 9: The plants are able to increase yields/ increase the crops production throughout the years. Any 6 (cd ‘Good effect: By producing processed food G1: Food can be preserved/ kept longer. 2: to prevent food poisoning/ wasting of food. G3: Crops can be planted/ tivestock/ poultry can be reared in big scale. G4: to prevent food shortage. G5: (Food are packaged) to increase the commercial value/ easier to be transported. G6: More types/ varieties of food can be produced. Bad effect: By regular consuming of processed food £81: Loss a lot of nutrition value (under high temperature during the process). 2: (Contain) preservative/ colouring/ dye/ flavour which is carcinogenic. 3: ead to mutation/ cancer/ health problem/ suitable example. BA: Contain excessive salt/ sugar. BS: lead to high blood pressure/ diabetes/ obesity. Any 10 wee ne Max 10 Total Aitps:/{wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 55FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 PERAK 2012 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows the structure of chloroplast. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan struktur Kloroplas. 2 Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 Based on Diagram 6.1, describe the structure of chloroplast. + (2 marks] Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, huraikan struktur kloroplas. [2 markah] (b) Diagram 6,2 shows a process that occurs in @ leaf. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu proses yang berlaku di dalam daun, Describe the process that occurs in the leaves as shown in Diagram 6.2. [8 marks] Huraikan proses yang berlaku di daun seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah 6.2 [8 markah] (©) Explain the leaf adaptations to optimise the process shown in Diagram 6,2. (10 marks} Terangkan penyesuaian pada daun untuk mengoptimumkan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.2. [10 markah} EEG hitps:/fwickedbiology.wordpress:com a Page 56FORM. \PTER 6 PERAK 2012 ‘Question “Answer ‘Submar | Total Neo. Marks 6a PI Bounded by double layer of membrane 2 P2 Fill with stroma (the jelly like matrix) P3 Contain grana (ie stacks of membranous structure) P4 Grana contain chlorophyll bi) F Photosynthesis P1 Consist of 2 stages ie light reaction & dark reaction 2. Light reaction occur in grana P3_ Chlorophyll captures/trap light energy to excite electron to higher level P4_ Energy released by the excited electron is used to form ATP PS. Light energy split the water molecules into hydroxy! ion and hydrogen ion // photolysis of water P6 Hydrogen ion combines with electron (released by chlorophyll) to form hydrogen atom P7 Hydroxyl group combine each other to form water and oxygen P8 Dark reaction occur in stroma P9 Hydrogen atom uses ATP to fix/reduce carbon dioxide to form glucose and water P10 Six unit of glucose combines to form one molecule of glucose P11 Glucose condenses to produce starch 6c F1 Leaves consist of flat, thin lamina, hold by petiole El To increase TSA to receive maximum amount of sunlight F2 Lamina is thin E2 Allow gases exchange to occur efficiently F3 Have leaves vein // have xylem and phloem E3 Allow transport of water and organie substances // xylem transports water from root to the shoot// phloem transports organic substances from leaves to all part of| plants 10 Page 57FORM IAPTER 6 PERAK 2012 F4 Upper epidermal layer is transparent / water proof layer of cuticle E4 Allow penetration of sunlight // prevent excessive loss of water F5 Palisade mesophyll tissue contain more chloroplast // arrange pack tightly together & upright ; ES Trap more sunlight for photosynthesis // more palisade cells can be placed to carry photosynthesis efficiently F6 Spongy mesophyll cell has irregular shape // loosely arrange to form air spaces 6 Increase TSA for gases exchange // maximise the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide F7 Presence of stomata atthe lower epidermis E7 Allowing gases exchange between the intemal part of leaf and the environment Page 58FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. KELANTAN 2014 6. Green plants are autotrophic which is synthesizes their own food through the process of photosynthesis by using light. Diagram 6 shows the schematic diagram summarising some reaction in the process of photosynthesis, Tumbuhan hijau adalah autotrofk dimana boleh mensintesis makanan sendiri ‘melalui proses fotosintesis menggunakan cahaya. Rajah 6 menunjukkan rajah skema ringkasan suatu tindekbalas dalam proses fotosintesis. d ‘Water + oxygen Hidroxy! ion Oksigen + air ion hidroksil (< Tenaga oe Reaction X a Water molecule __, Hydrogen ion + Hydroxy] ion Tindalbalas X Molekul air Fidroksil ion + Hidrogen ion Chlorophyll molecule + Electron ae Elektron Stored starch PEP" Glucose + water, _ (co Carbon dioxide Kang Glukosa + air Karbon dioksida Diagram 6 / Rajah 6 aa hitps:/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 59FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KELANTAN 2014 (@ () By using a raw materials, water and carbon dioxide, describe reaction X and reaction Y until the starch is produced. Dengan menggunakan bahan mentah air dan karbon dioksida, terangkan tindakbalas X dan tindakbalas Y sehingga kanji dihasiikan. [10 markah ] Diagram 6,1 shows the plants are grown in greenhouses in countries with four seasons. Rejah 6.1 menunjukkan tanaman ditanam di dalam rumah kaca dalam negara dengan empat musim. Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1 Based on the diagram, explain why this method is carried out to ensure production of crops throughout the year. Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan mengapa kaedah ini dijalankan untuk memastikan pengeluaran hasil tanaman beriaku sepanjang tahun. [6 markah] et ‘hitps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 60FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KELANTAN 2014 (c) Diagram 6.2 show the activities that cause the air pollution Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan aktivitraltiviti yang menyebebkan pencemaran Diagram 6.2/ Rajah 6.2 Explain how air pollution may have an effect on photosynthesis Terangkan bagaimana pencemaran udara memberi kesan ke atas fotosintesis [4 markah } ‘hitps:/jnickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 61FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KELANTAN 2014 TOTAL 12m (@) | Boleh menerangken tindakbales X den tindekbalas Y sehingga kanji dinesiken > 1. Klorofil menyerap tenaga cahaya menyebabkan Klorofil| 1 teruja 2. Dalam keadaan teryja electron boleh meninggalkan | 1 molekul Klorofll 3. Tenaga cahaya juga digunakan untuk memecahkan | 1 ‘molekul air kepada ion hidrogen dan ion hidroksil melalui preses fotolisis air 4, jon hydrogen borgabung dengan electron yang | 1 dibebaskan oleh klorofil untu membentuk atom hydrogen manokala ion hidroksil kehilangan electron dan | 4 didermakan kepada Kiorofll untuk membentuk kumpulan hidroksil Kumpulan hidroksil akan bergabung sesama sendiri untuk | 1 ‘membentuk air dan gas oksigen Tindakbalas X dikenall tindakbalas cahaya 1 | Max 6m o Tidak memeriukan cahaya 1 ‘Atom hidrogen dari tindakbales cahaya digunakan untuk | 4 ‘mengikat karbon dioksida 40.Menyebabkan penurunan karbon dioksida kepada) 1 ‘glukosa beriaku 11. Glukosa yang terhasil kemudian dikondensasikan untuk | 1 membentuk kanji serta merta 12, Tindakbalas Y dikenali tindakbalas gelap 1 | Maxam TOTAL 10 (b) | Bole menerangkan mengepa kaedeh tanaman rumah hijau dijalankan untuk memastikan pengeluaran hasi! tanaman berfaku sepanjang tahun. : 4. Di negara 4 musim, keamatan cahaya/suhu berubah | 1 sepanjang tahun oe 1 ® Page 62FORM 4 : CHAPTER 6 KELANTAN 2014 Pada musim sejuk, suhu adalah sangat rendah Pada musim luruh, daun tumbuhan gugur /! keamatan ‘cahaya/suhu adalah rendah ‘Kedar fotosintesis adalah sangat rendah Pada musi bunga dan musim panas, keamatan cahayalkepekatan karbon dioksida/suhu kekal pada tahap optimum untuk fotosintesis. 6. Jadi kadar fotosintesis adalah meksimum/paling tinggi pada masa ini 7. Dalam rumah kaca, keamatan cahayalkepekatan karbon dioksida/suhu dikekalkan pada tahap optimum sepanjang tahun 8. Menyebabkan kadar fotosintesis dikekalkan pada tahap maksimum sepanjang tahun 9. Tumbuhan — berupaya ——_meningkatkan hail tanaman/keluaran sepanjang tahun rs TOTAL © Boleh menérangkan bagaimana pencemaran udara memberi kesan ke atas fotosintesis : 4. Pencemaran udara deripada kilang’kenderaan/pembakaran membebaskan asap/jerebu tebal 2. Asap/iorebu yang tebal menyebabkan keamatan cahaya yang diterima oleh tumbuhan kurang // kurang keamatan ‘cahaya diserap oleh Klorofil Pencemaran udara daripada aktiviti kuarljpembakaran membebaskan debu yang banyak Debu melekat pada permukaan daun menyebabkan keamatan cahaya kurang diserap oleh klorofiltumbuhan Debu juga menutup bukaan liang stoma tumbuhan Menyebabkan kadar fotosintesis rendahvkurang Ps = 8 4 | Max 4m. TOTAL JUMLAHhepatic vein vena hepar gall bladder pindi hempedu confer hepatic portal vein vena portal hepar eee Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 (@) Organ Y plays an important role in digestive system. Explain the relationship between organ X and organ Y in digestion of lipid. Organ Y memainkan peranan yang penting dalam sistem pencernaan. Terangkan hubungan antara organ X dan organ Y dalam pencernaan lipid. {4 marks] [4 markah] | https://wickedbiology.wordpréss.com