Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Specification for
Gypsum building
plasters —
Part 1: Excluding premixed lightweight
plasters
Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
UDC 691.55:666.91
BS 1191-1:1973
Co-operating organizations
The Cement, Lime and Gypsum Industry Standards Committee, under whose
supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives
from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial
organizations:
Contents
Page
Co-operating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 General 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Definitions 1
1.3 Classification 1
1.4 Purity 1
1.5 Composition 1
1.6 Marking 1
1.7 Samples for testing and sampling 1
1.8 Manufacturer’s certificate 2
2 Quality of the different classes
2.1 Class A. Plaster of paris 2
2.2 Class B. Retarded hemihydrate gypsum plaster 2
2.3 Class C. Anhydrous gypsum plaster 3
2.4 Class D. Keene’s plaster 3
Appendix A Determination of chemical composition and loss on ignition 4
Appendix B Examination for soundness 4
Appendix C Method of determining transverse strength 4
Appendix D Determination of mechanical resistance by the dropping
ball test 6
Appendix E Determination of expansion 7
Appendix F Method of stabilizing classes A and B plasters 8
Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
© BSI 03-1999 i
BS 1191-1:1973
Foreword
This British Standard has been revised under the authority of the Cement, Lime
and Gypsum Industry Standards Committee to bring it into line with current
practice. The terms used to describe the function and types of plaster accord with
those given in BS 4049, “Glossary of terms applicable to internal plastering,
external rendering and floor screeding”.
The alphabetical classification of the plasters remains unchanged but the Class B
category in this edition is restricted to undercoat and final coat plasters and their
sub-divisions, while plasters in Classes C and D are for finishing purposes only.
Improvements have been made to a number of test procedures and additional test
methods have been introduced. This has led to the modification of certain
performance requirements.
In accordance with the change to the metric system this standard has now been
metricated giving values in terms of SI units. For further information on SI units
reference should be made to BS 3763, “The International System of units (SI)”.
Figure 1 and 1.8 have been amended and Figure 2 deleted, but otherwise the
contents are the same as the previous edition which it is proposed to withdraw
when this standard is published.
NOTE 1 N/mm2 = 1 MN/m2 = 1 MPa.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii © BSI 03-1999
BS 1191-1:1973
formula 2CaSO4.H2O, calcium sulphate plaster belongs (see Appendix H for examples) and
hemihydrate. The formula is often the date of manufacture. In addition, it shall be
written CaSO4.½H2O, hence the designation clearly indicated whether the plaster is to be used as
hemihydrate an undercoat or final coat.
plaster of paris NOTE Attention is drawn to certification facilities offered by
BSI: see the inside back cover of this standard.
a form of hemihydrate without any added retarder
of set. It is manufactured in several grades for 1.7 Samples for testing and sampling
various industrial uses
Each sample shall be not less than 5 kg in weight,
retarded hemihydrate
and shall be enclosed immediately in a clean, dry,
a form of hemihydrate which contains an addition of airtight container. The process of sampling shall be
a retarder of set carried out in as short a time as possible.
anhydrous gypsum plaster Sufficient material shall be taken in approximately
a material consisting essentially of anhydrous equal portions selected from at least twelve
calcium sulphate (CaSO4), produced by the different positions when the plaster is loose, from
dehydration of gypsum, the set of which has been not less than twelve different packages when the
suitably accelerated plaster is not loose, or, where there are fewer than
twelve different packages, from each package. The
keene’s plaster portions shall be thoroughly mixed and shall be
a gypsum plaster of the anhydrous class which is quartered down to give a sample of the weight
characterized by being more easily brought to a required for testing. Every care shall be taken in the
smooth and true finish in continuous plastered selection so that a fair, average sample is obtained.
surface, this property being associated as well with The vendor shall afford every facility for the
a gradual set efficient sampling of the bulk and for subsequently
identifying the plaster sampled.
© BSI 03-1999 1
BS 1191-1:1973
as received, shall be not greater than 0.2 %. than two-thirds of the content of sulphur trioxide
4) The loss on ignition shall be not greater by weight.
than 9 % and not less than 4 % by weight of the 3) The sum of the soluble salt and magnesium
plaster as received. salt contents, expressed as percentages of sodium
2.1.3 Freedom from coarse particles. The oxide (Na2O), and magnesium oxide (MgO), by
residue on a 1.18 mm sieve complying with the weight of the plaster as received, shall be not
requirements of BS 410 shall be not greater greater than 0.2 %.
than 5 % by weight when determined by the method 4) The loss on ignition shall be not greater
described in Appendix G. than 9 % and not less than 4 % by weight of the
2.1.4 Soundness. The set plaster pats shall show plaster as received.
no signs of disintegration, popping or pitting when 5) For metal lathing plaster, the free lime shall be
examined by the method described in Appendix B. not less than 3 % by weight at the time of
2.1.5 Transverse strength. The transverse despatch.
strength (modulus of rupture) of set plaster shall be 2.2.4 Freedom from coarse particles. The
not less than 2.5 N/mm2 when determined in residue on a 1.18 mm sieve complying with the
accordance with the method described in requirements of BS 410 shall be not greater
Appendix C. than 1 % by weight when determined by the method
described in Appendix G.
2.2 Class B. Retarded hemihydrate 2.2.5 Soundness. The set plaster pats shall show
gypsum plaster no signs of disintegration, popping or pitting when
examined by the method described in Appendix B.
2.2.1 Type. Retarded hemihydrate gypsum plasters
shall be of one of the following types: 2.2.6 Transverse strength. The transverse
Type a: Undercoat plaster (plaster for use with strength (modulus of rupture) of the set sanded
sand) plaster shall be not less than 1.2 N/mm2 when
tested in accordance with the method described
1. Browning plaster in Appendix C.
2. Metal lathing plaster
2 © BSI 03-1999
BS 1191-1:1973
2.2.7 Mechanical resistance. The mechanical NOTE Keene’s plaster is of the anhydrous type. It is
resistance of the set neat plaster shall be such that characterized by being more easily brought to a smooth and clean
finish associated with gradual set. In this British Standard,
the impact of the dropping ball produces an Keene’s plaster is differentiated from a Class C gypsum plaster
indentation having a diameter not greater by a higher standard of purity and hardness. The special
than 5 mm when determined as described qualities traditionally associated with this type of plaster cannot
be dealt with at present by any convenient direct test.
in Appendix D.
2.4.2 Compliance with tests. The plaster shall
2.2.8 Expansion on setting. The linear expansion
comply with the requirements of 2.4.3 to 2.4.6.
on setting at the time of despatch shall not
exceed 0.2 % in one day when tested in accordance 2.4.3 Chemical composition. The chemical
with the method described in Appendix E. composition shall be as follows, when determined as
described in Appendix A:
2.3 Class C. Anhydrous gypsum plaster 1) The sulphur trioxide content, expressed as a
percentage by weight of the plaster as received,
2.3.1 Type. Anhydrous gypsum plasters are for
shall be not less than 47 %.
finishing only.
2) The calcium oxide content shall be not less
2.3.2 Compliance with tests. Anhydrous gypsum
plasters shall comply with the requirements of 2.3.3 than two-thirds of the sulphur trioxide content by
to 2.3.6. weight.
3) The sum of the soluble sodium salt and
2.3.3 Chemical composition. The chemical
magnesium salt contents expressed as
composition shall be as follows when determined as
percentages of sodium oxide (Na2O), and
described in Appendix A:
magnesium oxide (MgO), by weight of the plaster
1) The sulphur trioxide content, expressed as a as received, shall be not greater than 0.2 %.
percentage by weight of the plaster as received,
shall be not less than 40 %. 4) The loss on ignition shall be not greater
than 2 % by weight of the plaster as received.
2) The calcium oxide content shall be not less
2.4.4 Freedom from coarse particles. The
than two-thirds of the sulphur trioxide content by
residue on a 1.18 mm sieve complying with the
weight.
requirements of BS 410 shall be not greater
Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
3) The sum of the soluble sodium salt and than 1 % by weight when determined as described
magnesium salt contents, expressed as in Appendix G.
percentages of sodium oxide (Na2O), and
2.4.5 Soundness. The set plaster shall show no
magnesium oxide (MgO), by weight of the plaster
signs of disintegration, popping or pitting when
as received, shall be not greater than 0.2 %.
examined by the method described in Appendix B.
4) The loss on ignition shall be not greater
2.4.6 Mechanical resistance. The mechanical
than 3 % by weight of the plaster as received.
resistance of the set neat plaster shall be such that
2.3.4 Freedom from coarse particles. The the impact of the dropping ball produces an
residue on a 1.18 mm sieve complying with the indentation having a diameter not greater
requirements of BS 410 shall be not greater than 4 mm when determined as described
than 1 % by weight when determined as described in Appendix D.
in Appendix G.
2.4.7 Testing conditions
2.3.5 Soundness. The set plaster pats shall show
no signs of disintegration, popping or pitting when 2.4.7.1 Temperature. Unless otherwise specified,
examined by the method described in Appendix B. the temperature of the materials, including water,
and that of the test room at the time when the tests
2.3.6 Mechanical resistance. The mechanical
are being performed shall be 20 ± 5 °C.
resistance of the set neat plaster shall be such that
the impact of the dropping ball produces an Plaster intended for use in hot climates may be
indentation having a diameter not greater tested at any higher temperature up to 35 °C when
than 4.5 mm when determined as described agreed upon between the purchaser and the vendor,
in Appendix D. and shall then comply with the requirements of this
British Standard.
2.4 Class D. Keene’s plaster 2.4.7.2 Reagents. All reagents shall be of analytical
reagent quality. The water to be used in all testing
2.4.1 Type. Keene’s plaster is for finishing only.
operations shall be distilled or deionized, and unless
otherwise stated, between the limits of temperature
indicated in 2.4.7.1.
© BSI 03-1999 3
BS 1191-1:1973
Examine soundness by steaming six pats of neat plaster prepared as follows in ring moulds. The moulds
should be about 100 mm in diameter and 6 mm deep, well-greased before use and resting on well-greased
non-porous base-plates.
Gauge the Class A plaster with the appropriate amount of water to produce a smooth cream, and Classes B
to D with the appropriate amount of water to produce a stiff plastic paste convenient for filling the moulds.
Form the flat pats by pouring or pressing the material into the moulds in such a manner as to avoid
air-bubbles, and smooth off level with the top edge of the ring with a broad flexible palette-knife or the like.
Allow six pats to set undisturbed in air of at least 80 % relatively humidity for between 16 hours
and 24 hours in the case of Classes A and B, and for three days in the case of Classes C and D, then subject
them to the action of saturated steam at atmospheric pressure for a period of 3 hours, without removing
from the moulds, with the apparatus arranged so that condensed water cannot drip back on to the face of
the pats. Visually examine the pats in a good light for signs of disintegration, popping or pitting.
4 © BSI 03-1999
BS 1191-1:1973
C.2 Standard sand. The standard sand shall be obtained from Leighton Buzzard, shall be of the white
variety and shall be thoroughly washed and dried. Its loss of weight on extraction with hot hydrochloric
acid shall be not more than 0.25 % when tested as follows:
Dry the sand at 100 °C for one hour, weigh 2 g into a porcelain dish, add 20 ml of hydrochloric acid of
relative density 1.16 and 20 ml of distilled water. Heat on a water bath for one hour, wash well with hot
water, dry, and ignite in a covered crucible.
The sand shall all pass through an 850 4m sieve and not more than 10 % by weight shall pass a 600 4m
sieve. Both sieves shall comply with the requirements of BS 410.
C.3 Preparation of test specimens
C.3.1 Class A plaster. Stabilize the plaster in accordance with the method given in Appendix F. Prepare
the six specimens as follows using a mix of neat plaster at a standard pourable consistence determined in
advance as described below:
Sprinkle the plaster (a convenient quantity is 450 g) over the surface of the required amount of water
over a period of 30 seconds. Allow to stand for 30 seconds and then stir for 60 seconds, after which time
the mix shall be of uniform consistence throughout.
Immediately pour the mix into the moulds and vibrate the moulds by hand to remove air bubbles.
Remove excess material, leaving slightly more than needed to fill the mould. The whole operation should
be completed as soon as possible after the mixing.
Allow the specimens to remain undisturbed in the moulds for 24 hours, under a damp cloth or in a
damp closet. Scrape the top surface of the prisms smooth and level with the top of the mould. Remove
the prisms from the mould, dry to constant weight in a well-ventilated oven maintained at a
temperature between 35 °C and 40 °C and test dry.
C.3.1.1 Standard pourable consistence. The apparatus consists of a hollow corrosion-resistant metal
cylinder of internal diameter 30 mm and height 50 mm with the ends square to the longitudinal axis. It is
centred on a metal baseplate.
Over a period of 30 seconds sprinkle 100 g of the plaster over the surface of a known volume of water in
Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
which 0.1 g of sodium citrate has previously been dissolved. Allow to stand for 30 seconds and then stir
for 60 seconds. Transfer the mixture to the metal cylinder and strike off level with the top. Thirty seconds
after mixing is completed, lift the cylinder vertically1) and allow the mixture to spread over the baseplate.
Measure the maximum and minimum diameters of spread and record the mean.
Repeat the procedure varying the ratio of plaster to water until a mixture of standard pourable consistence
is obtained. Record the plaster-water ratio.
The standard pourable consistence corresponds to a mean diameter of spread of 78–80 mm.
C.3.2 Class B undercoat plaster. Stabilize the plaster in accordance with the method given in Appendix F.
Prepare six specimens with a mix of one part plaster and three parts standard sand by weight gauged with
water to standard undercoat consistence as follows.
A convenient quantity of plaster to use is 200 g. Mix the plaster with three times its weight of standard
sand (see C.2) for two minutes and gauge with water to produce a paste of the standard undercoat
consistence defined below.
Determine the precise amount of water needed by previous trial. (As a guide, first try between 14 %
and 17 % of the total dry weight, i.e. between 112 ml and 136 ml.)
Add the dry sanded mix to the water over a period of 30 seconds and allow to soak for a
further 30 seconds. Mix vigorously for one minute with a stiff-bladed spatula to produce a paste of
uniform consistence.
Test the mix for consistence as described in C.3.2.1. If the consistence is correct, fill the mix
immediately into the appropriate moulds; if it is not correct repeat the whole procedure using a
different proportion of water.
Fill the mould to half height and consolidate the mix by tamping ten times with a 6 mm square brass
rod along the length of the mould. Fill the mould above the top and consolidate the top layer in a
similar manner.
1)
Mechanical devices may be used to control the rate of separation and to ensure that the cylinder is removed vertically.
Alternatively, the cylinder may be clamped and the baseplate lowered.
© BSI 03-1999 5
BS 1191-1:1973
Allow the specimens to remain undisturbed in the moulds for 24 hours under a damp cloth or in a damp
closet. Scrape the top surface of the plaster prisms smooth and level with the top of the mould. Remove
the prisms from the mould, dry to constant weight in a well-ventilated oven maintained at a
temperature between 35 °C and 40 °C and test dry.
C.3.2.1 Standard consistence. Determine the standard testing consistence by means of a dropping ball
penetrometer test as follows.
Fill a ring mould identical with that specified in BS 4551 with the paste under test. Rest the mould on
a non-porous plate, fill it by using a flexible palette-knife in about ten increments in such a manner as
to eliminate voids or air-bubbles. Smooth off the surface of the paste level with the top of the mould.
Drop a 25 mm diameter methylmethacrylate ball of weight 9.8 ± 0.1 g from rest from a height
of 250 mm measured from the bottom of the ball to the surface of the paste, so that it falls
approximately into the centre of the ring. Record the penetration as the distance from the lowest point
of the ball to the level of the original surface of the material.
Measure the depth of penetration by a suitable method, for example, as given in BS 4551.
The paste is of the correct consistence when the ball penetrates 9-10 mm.
C.4 Transverse strength test. Test each of six specimens 25 mm square in cross section and 100 mm
long.
Place the specimen under test symmetrically on two parallel metal rollers 10 mm in diameter and located
at 75 mm centres. Apply the load by a third parallel roller of the same size at a point midway between the
other two. Do not use any packing between the rollers and the specimen, and place the specimen so that
the faces in contact with the rollers are those which were cast against the sides of the mould.
Apply the load steadily and uniformly from zero, at a rate of not less than 200 N/min and not more
than 800 N/min.
C.5 Calculation of results. Calculate the mean value of the breaking load of the six specimens and
convert it to a modulus of rupture expressed in N/mm2. For the test conditions given, the value of the
modulus is 0.0072 times the value of the mean breaking load in newtons.
Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
6 © BSI 03-1999
BS 1191-1:1973
Fill the moulds in two layers, tamping each layer ten times with a 6 mm square brass rod along the
length of the mould. Strike off the surface level with the top of the mould.
Ensure that the specimens remain undisturbed in the moulds for 24 hours under a damp cloth or in a damp
closet and then remove them from the moulds. Store them in a damp closet for three days. Finally, dry them
to constant weight in a well-ventilated drying oven maintained at a temperature between 35 °C and 40 °C
and test dry.
D.3 Standard consistence. Determine the standard final coat consistence by means of a dropping ball
penetrometer precisely as described in C.3.2, except that the correct consistence in the present test
corresponds to a penetration of 15-16 mm.
When early stiffening occurs, 0.1 g of sodium citrate may be added to the gauging water for the
determination of consistence.
D.4 Mechanical resistance test procedure. Determine the resistance of the plaster to the impact of a
falling ball by measuring the diameter of the impression produced on the smooth surface (which was in
contact with the internal face of the mould when casting) of four neat plaster rods 25 mm square in cross
section and 100 mm long, prepared, stored and dried as described in D.2, when a hard steel ball 12.7 mm
in diameter and weighing 8.33 g (ball bearing) is allowed to fall freely from rest from a height of 1.82 m
onto the horizontal surface of the plaster.
After cleaning and polishing the hard steel ball, release it from rest down a straight, smooth, clean and dry
tube approximately 16 mm in internal diameter and 1.72 m in length, supported firmly in a vertical
position with the top of the specimen 100 mm below the bottom of the tube. Support the specimen under
test firmly on a smooth, substantial and unyielding horizontal surface.
Make eight impressions in all, one on each of the opposite faces of the four rods, avoiding blemishes and
air-bubbles, and not more than 6 mm from the centre line or within 12 mm of the ends of the rod,
measuring two diameters at right angles for each impression. Neglect any impression obviously irregular
in shape and repeat the test on that face. Record the mean of the sixteen measurements.
E.1 General. Determine the linear expansion on setting in continuous damp air storage by means of a
simple extensometer described in E.2 with the neat plaster gauged to a standard final coat consistence.
Stabilize the plaster before test by the method described in Appendix F.
E.2 Extensometer. The extensometer has an open V-shaped cradle closed at one end by a fixed plate and
at the other by a movable partition carried on the stem of an ordinary watch-pattern dial micrometer gauge
of the Ames type reading to 1/100 mm (see Figure 2). The cradle is of brass or bronze 100 mm long,
about 60 mm wide and 25 mm deep with a rounded bottom. The take-up or returning spring shall be light
and the movement free.
To prevent the plaster sticking to the sides of the cradle, grease before use and line internally with thin
non-absorbent paper having a glazed surface. Renew the paper lining for each test. Fill the gauged plaster
into the cradle while the movable plate is held against the end, and strike off smooth and level with the top
of the cradle.
E.3 Zero adjustment. Move the movable partition very slightly forward clear of the end to eliminate
backlash. Bring the plaster solid against the movable partition. Make any necessary zero adjustment on
the dial.
E.4 Gauging and measurement. A convenient quantity of plaster to use is about 200 g. Gauge this with
water in the manner and to the standard final coat consistence described in D.2.3. Fill the gauged plaster
immediately into the cradle of the extensometer and adjust the zero point as described in E.3. Place the
extensometer in the damp closet and note the zero reading. Leave it undisturbed for 24 hours and then take
the final reading. Calculate the percentage linear expansion.
difference in dial readings in 1/100 mm-
Per cent linear expansion = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100
© BSI 03-1999 7
BS 1191-1:1973
CLASS C
Keene’s gypsum finish plaster BS 1191-1
CLASS D
8 © BSI 03-1999
BS 1191-1:1973
Figure 1 — Gang mould (a) Plan view of mould (cover plate removed)
Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
© BSI 03-1999 9
BS 1191-1:1973
Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Figure 1 — Gang mould (a) Plan view of mould (cover plate removed) (continued)
10 © BSI 03-1999
BS 1191-1:1973
© BSI 03-1999 11
Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
12
blank
BS 1191-1:1973
Publications referred to
© BSI 03-1999
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Licensed Copy: chan chan, July 22, 2001, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI