Sadašnje svršeno vreme (The Present Perfect

Tense)
Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnje svršeno vreme) se gradi od
glagola to have u Present Simple Tense-u (Prostom sadašnjem
vremenu), tj. have/has i Past Participle-a (prošlog participa) glavnog
glagola.
Prošli particip se kod pravilnih glagola gradi kada se na infinitiv doda nastavak –ed. Kod
nepravilnih glagola prošli particip ima drugačiji oblik (tzv. treća kolona):
 play – played
 work – worked
 sleep – slept

Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
I have (I've) worked. (Ja sam radio.)
You have (You've) worked. (Ti si radio.)
He/she/it has (He's/She's/It's) worked. (On/ona/ono je radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We have (We've) worked. (Mi smo radili.)
You have (You've) worked. (Vi ste radili.)
They have (They've) worked. (Oni su radili.)
Jednina (singular)
I have (I've) slept. (Ja sam spavao.)
You have (You've) slept. (Ti si spavao.)
He/she/it has (He's/She's/It's) slept. (On/ona/ono je spavao/spavala/spavalo.)
Množina (plural)
We have (We've) slept. (Mi smo spavali.)
You have (You've) slept. (Vi ste spavali.)
They have (They've) slept. (Oni su spavali.)

Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Present Perfect Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom vremenu) se
gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomćnog glagola to have (u sadašnjem
vremenu) i lične zamenice.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
Have I worked? (Da li sam ja radio?)
Have you worked? (Da li si ti radio?)
Has he/she/it worked? (Da li je on/ona/ono radio/radila/radilo?)
Množina (plural)
 Have we worked? (Da li smo mi radili?)
Have you worked? (Da li ste vi radili?)
Have they worked? (Da li su oni radili?)

Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog obika glagola have (odnosno has za treće lice jednine)
i Past Participle-a glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
I have not (haven`t) worked. (Ja nisam radio.)
You have not (haven`t) worked. (Ti ne radiš.)
He/she/it has not (hasn`t) worked. (On/ona/ono nije radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We have not (haven`t) worked. (Mi nismo radili.)
You have not (haven`t) worked. (Vi niste radili.)
They have not (haven`t) worked. (Oni nisu radili.)

Upotreba
Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnje svršeno vreme) se koristi za:
Radnju koja je upravo završena, te se stoga uz njega često nalazi vremenska
odrednica just (upravo). Ovaj prilog se nalazi između glagola to have i participa prošlog:
 She has just gone out. (Ona je upravo izašla.)

Radnju koja se desila u prošlosti u neko neodređeno vreme:

 I have travelled to America. (Putovao sam u Ameriku.)

Prošlu radnju koja ima vidljive rezultate (posledice) u sadašnjosti:

 The lift has broken down. We have to use the stairs. (Lift se pokvario. Moramo da idemo
stepenicama.)
 I have washed the car. It looks lovely. (Oprao sam kola. Izgledaju odlično.)

Za radnju koja kazuje neko životno iskustvo subjekta. U ovom značenju često se javljaju i
prilozi ever (ikada) i never (nikad), koji se nalaze između glagola to have i participa prošlog:
 He has never eaten Chinese food. (On nikada nije jeo kinesku hranu.)
 Have you ever been to France? (Da li si ikada bio u Francuskoj?)

Za radnju koja se dogodila ranije nego što je očekivano. U tom smislu se upotrebljava
prilog already (već) koji se nalazi između glagola to have i participa prošlog:
 Jane: Tom, don't forget to post the letter. (Džejn: Tome, nemoj da zaboraviš da pošalješ pismo.)
 Tom: I’ve already posted. (Tom: Ja sam već poslao.)

Za očekivanu radnju. U tom smislu koristimo reč yet, koja se nekada ni ne prevodi, ali ima
značenje do sad, do ovog trenutka, još uvek. Ona se nalazi na kraju rečenice, i koristi se
samo u odričnim i upitnim rečenicama:
 Has it stopped raining yet? (Da li je kiša prestala da pada?)
 I haven't done my homework yet. (Još uvek nisam uradio svoj domaći zadatak.)
 Prosto prošlo vreme (The Simple Past Tense)
Simple Past Tense (Prosto prošlo vreme) pravilnih glagola se gradi
od osnovnog oblika glagola (infinitiv bez to) i nastavka –ed.

Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
I worked. (Ja sam radio.)
You worked. (Ti si radio.)
He/she/it worked. (On/ona/ono je radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We worked. (Mi smo radili.)
You worked. (Vi ste radili.)
They worked. (Oni su radili.)
Ako se infinitiv glagola završava na –e, nastavak glasi –d:
 He closed. (close – zatvoriti)

Ako se glagol završava na –y i ukoliko je ispred njega suglasnik, –y prelazi u –i:

 He cried. (cry – plakati)

Ako je ispred –y samoglasnik, nema promene:

 She played. (play – igrati)
 He stayed. (stay – ostati)

Ukoliko se infinitiv završava na jedan suglasnik ispred koga je kratak, naglašen

samoglasnik, taj krajnji suglasnik se podvostručava pred nastavkom za Simple Past Tense:
 plan – planned (planirati)
 stop – stopped (zaustaviti)

Nepravilni glagoli imaju posebne oblike za prošlo vreme i oni se uče napamet.

Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Simple Past Tense-u se gradi od pomoćnog glagola do u prošlom
vremenu koji glasi did i osnovnog oblika glavnog glagola.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
Did I work? (Da li sam ja radio?)
Did you work? (Da li si ti radio?)
Did he/she/it work? (Da li je on/ona/ono radio/radila/radilo?)
Množina (plural)
Did we work? (Da li smo mi radili?)
Did you work?(Da li ste vi radili?)
Did they work? (Da li su oni radili?)
Nepravilni glagoli grade upitni oblik na isti način.
 Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog oblika pomoćnog glagola do u prošlom vremenu i
osnovnog oblika glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
I did not (didn't) work. (Ja nisam radio.)
You did not (didn't) work. (Ti nisi radio.)
He/she/it did not (didn't) work. (On/ona/ono nije radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We did not (didn't) work. (Mi nismo radili.)
You did not (didn't) work. (Vi niste radili.)
They did not (didn't) work. (Oni nisu radili.)
Nepravilni glagoli grade odrični oblik na isti način.

Upotreba
Prosto prošlo vreme se koristi za radnju koja je završena u prošlosti.
Karakteristične vremenske odrednice uz koje se upotrebljava su: yesterday – juče, the day
before yesterday – prekjuče, two years ago– pre dve godine, three hours ago – pre tri sata, last
Monday – prošlog ponedeljka, last year – prošle nedelje, in 1977 – 1977. i sl.
 I worked in a shop last year. (Radio sam u prodavnici prošle godine.)
 My brother finished his homework an hour ago. (Moj brat je završio domaći pre sat vremena.)
 Last week we decided to buy a new house. (Prošle nedelje smo odlučili da kupimo novu kuću.)
 Sandra closed the window a few minutes ago. (Sandra je zatvorila prozor pre nekoliko minuta.)
 My father built this house in 1997. (Moj otac je sagradio ovu kuću 1997.-e)
 The day before yesterday Marko bought a nice hat. (Prekjuče je Marko kupio lep šešir.)
Prošlo trajno vreme (Past Continuous Tense)
Past Continuous Tense (Prošlo trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola to
be u Past Simple Tense-u (Prostom prošlom vremenu),
tj. was/were i Present Participle-a (sadašnjeg participa) glavnog
glagola.
Jednina (singular)
I was working. (Ja sam radio.)
You were working. (Ti si radio.)
He/she/it was working. (On/ona/ono je radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We were working. (Mi smo radili.)
You were working. (Vi ste radili.)
They were working. (Oni su radili.)

Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Past Continuous Tense-u (Prošlom trajnom vremenu) se
gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola to be (u prošlom vremenu)
i lične zamenice.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
Was I working? (Da li sam ja radio?)
Were you working? (Da li si ti radio?)
Was he/she/it working? (Da li je on/ona/ono radio/radila/radilo?)
Množina (plural)
Were we working? (Da li smo mi radili?)
Were you working? (Da li ste vi radili?)
Were they working? (Da li su oni radili?)
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:
Jednina (singular)
Was I working? – Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
Were you working? – Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t.
Was he/she/it working? – Yes, he/she/it was. / No, he/she/it wasn't.
Množina (plural)
Were we working? – Yes, we were. / No, we weren't.
Were you working? – Yes, you were. / No, you weren't.
Were they working? – Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
Wh– pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
Where was I working? (Gde sam ja radio?)
Where were you working? (Gde si ti radio?)
Where was he/she/it working? (Gde je on/ona/ono radio/radilo?)
Množina (plural)
 Where were we working? (Gde smo mi radili?)
Where were you working? (Gde ste vi radili?)
Where were they working? (Gde su oni radili?)

Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik Past Continuous Tense-a (Prošlog trajnog vremena) se gradi od odričnog
obika pomoćnog glagola to be u prošlom vremenu i Present Participle-a (sadašnjeg
participa) glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
I was not (I wasn't) working. (Ja nisam radio.)
You were not (weren’t) working. (Ti nisi radio.)
He/she/it was not (wasn't) working.(On/ona/ono nije radio/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We were not (weren't) working. (Mi nismo radili.)
You were not (weren’t) working. (Vi niste radili.)
They were not (weren't) working. (Oni nisu radili.)

Upotreba
Past Continuous Tense (Prošlo trajno vreme) se koristi za:
Radnju koja je u prošlosti duže vreme trajala:
 She was reading a book all day yesterday. (Ona je ceo dan juče čitala knjigu.)

Dve radnje koje su se u prošlom vremenu paralelno dešavale:

 While I was watching TV, my sister was doing her homework. (Dok sam ja gledao TV, moja sestra
je radila svoj domaći.)

Prošlu radnju koja je duže trajala a prekinuta je nekom drugom prošlom radnjom. Ta druga
radnja se obično izražava prostim prošlim vremenom (Past simple tense):
 I was watching TV when the telephone rang. (Ja sam gledao TV kada je telefon zazvonio.)
 When we arrived they were playing cards. (Kada smo stigli oni su igrali karte.)

Napomena: Glagoli koji se ne koriste u Present Continuous Tense-u, ne koriste se ni u Past

Continuous Tense-u. Umesto njih se obično koristi glagol u Past Simple Tense-u.
Davno prošlo vreme (Past Perfect Tense)
Past Perfect Tense (Davno prošlo vreme) se gradi od pomoćnog
glagola to have u Past Simple Tense-u (prošlom prostom vremenu),
tj. had i Past Participle-a (prošlog participa) glavnog glagola.

Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
I had (I'd) worked. (Ja sam bio radio.)
You had (You'd) worked. (Ti si bio radio.)
He had (He'd) worked. (On je bio radio.)
She had (She’d) worked. (Ona je bila radila.)
It had (It’d) worked. (Ono bilo je radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We had (We'd) worked. (Mi smo bili radili.)
You had (You'd) worked. (Vi ste bili radili.)
They had (They'd) worked. (Oni su bili radili.)
Jednina (singular)
I had (I'd) slept. (Ja sam bio spavao.)
You had (You'd) slept. (Ti si bio spavao.)
He had (He'd) slept. (On je bio spavao.)
She had (She’d) slept. (Ona je bila spavala.)
It had (It’d) slept. (Ono je bilo spavalo.)
Množina (plural)
We had (We'd) slept. (Mi smo bili spavali.)
You had (You'd) slept. (Vi ste bili spavali.)
They had (They'd) slept. (Oni su bili spavali.)

Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Past Perfect Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom vremenu) se gradi inverzijom (u
odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola to have (u prošlom vremenu) i lične zamenice.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
Had I worked? (Da li sam ja bio radio?)
Had you worked? (Da li si ti bio radio?)
Had he worked? (Da li je on bio radio?)
Had she worked? (Da li je ona bila radila?)
Had it worked? (Da li je ono bilo radilo?)
Množina (plural)
Had we worked? (Da li smo mi bili radili?)
Had you worked? (Da li vi ste bili radili?)
Had they worked? (Da li su oni bili radili?)
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:
Jednina (singular)
 Had I worked? – Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't.
Had you worked? – Yes, you had. / No, you hadn't.
Had he worked? – Yes, he had./ No, he hadn't.
Had she worked? – Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
Had it worked? – Yes, it had. / No, it hadn’t.
Množina (plural)
Had we worked? – Yes, we had. / No, we hadn't.
Had you worked? – Yes, you had. / No, we hadn't.
Had they worked? – Yes, they had. / No, they hadn't.
Wh– pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
Where had I worked? (Gde sam ja bio radio?)
Where had you worked? (Gde si ti bio radio?)
Where had he worked? (Gde je on bio radio?)
Where had she worked? (Gde je ona bila radila?)
Where had it worked? (Gde je ono bilo radilo?)
Množina (plural)
Where had we worked? (Gde smo mi bili radili?)
Where had you worked? (Gde ste vi bili radili?)
Where had they worked? (Gde su oni bili radili?)

Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog oblika prošlog vremena glagola have i Past Participle-a glavnog
glagola.
Jednina (singular)
I had not (hadn't) worked. (Ja nisam bio radio.)
You had not (hadn't) worked. ((Ti nisi bio radio.)
He had not (hadn't) worked. (On nije bio radio.)
She had not (hadn’t) worked. (Ona nije bila radila.)
It had not (hadn’t) worked. (Ono nije bilo radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We had not (hadn't) worked. (Mi nismo bili radili.)
You had not (hadn't) worked. (Vi niste bili radili.)
They had not hadn't)worked. (Oni nisu bili radili.)

Upotreba
The Past Perfect Tense (Davno prošlo vreme) se upotrebljava za:
Radnju koja se završila pre neke druge prošle radnje:
 She suddenly found that she had lost her camera. (Odjednom je shvatila da je izgubila foto
aparat.)

The Past Perfect Tense se upotrebljava u zavisnim rečenicama uz after. Takođe se mogu pojaviti i
prilozi when i because:
 After we had reached the top, we began to feel tired. (Pošto smo se popeli na vrh počeli smo da
osećamo umor.)
 His friends tried to help him after he had lost all his money. (Prijatelji su pokušali da mu pomognu
nakon što je izgubio sav svoj novac.)
 When he had finished his homework, he went to play. (Kada je završio domaći, izašao je da se
igra.)
 Because he'd spent so much, he had very little money. (Pošto je bio potrošio toliko, imao je vrlo
malo novca.)
Davno prošlo trajno vreme (Past Perfect
Continuous Tense)
Past Perfect Continuous Tense (davno prošlo trajno vreme) se gradi od
glagola to be u Past Perfect Tense-u i Present Participle-a (sadašnjeg
participa) glavnog glagola.

Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
I had (I'd) been working. (Ja sam bio radio.)
You had (you'd) been working. (Ti si bio radio.)
He had (He'd) been working. (On je bio radio.)
She had (She’d) been working. (Ona je bila radila.)
It had (It’d) been working. (Ono je bilo radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We had (we'd) been working. (Mi smo bili radili.)
You had (you'd) been working. (Vi ste bili radili.)
They had (they'd) been working. (Oni su bili radili.)

Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog oblika have u Past Perfect Tense-u i Present Participle-a
glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
I had not (hadn't) been working. (Ja nisam bio radio.)
You had not (hadn't) been working. (Ti nisi bio radio.)
He had not (hadn't) been working. (On nije bio radio.)
She had not (hadn’t) been working. (Ona nije bila radila.)
It had not (hadn’t) been working. (Ono nije bilo radilo.)
Množina (plural)
We had not (hadn't) been working. (Mi nismo bili radili.)
You had not (hadn't) been working. (Vi niste bili radili.)
They had not (hadn't) been working. (Oni nisu bili radili.)

Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Past Perfect Continuous Tense-u (davnom prošlom trajnom vremenu)
se gradi upitnim oblikom glagola to have(u Past Perfect Simple vremenu).
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
Had I been working? (Da li sam ja bio radio?)
Had you been working? (Da li si ti bio radio?)
Had he been working? (Da li je on bio radio?)
Had she been working? (Da li je ona bila radila?)
Had it been working? (Da li je ono bilo radilo?)
 Množina (plural)
Had we been working?(Da li smo mi bili radili?)
Had you been working? (Da li ste vi bili radili?)
Had they been working? (Da li su oni bili radili?)
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:
Jednina (singular)
Had I been working? – Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't.
Had you been working? – Yes, you had. / No, you hadn't.
Had he been working? – Yes, he had. / No, he hadn't.
Had she been working? – Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
Had it been working? – Yes, it had. / No, it hadn’t.
Množina (plural)
Had we been working? – Yes, we had. / No, we hadn't.
Had you been working? – Yes, you had. / No, you hadn't.
Had they been working? – Yes, they had. / No, they hadn't.
Wh– pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
Where had I been working? (Gde sam ja bio radio?)
Where had you been working? (Gde si ti bio radio?)
Where had he been working? (Gde je on bio radio?)
Where had she been working? (Gde je ona bila radila?)
Where had it been working? (Gde je ono bilo radilo?)
Množina (plural)
Where had we been working? (Gde smo mi bili radili?)
Where had you been working? (Gde ste vi bili radili?)
Where had they been working? (Gde su oni bili radili?)

Upotreba
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense se upotrebljava za radnju koja je trajala do nekog
trenutka u prošlosti. Tako se ne naglašava da je radnja završena nego se potencira njeno
trajanje. Često se uz ovo vreme koriste for i since:
 When we came Sally had been waiting for half an hour. (Kad smo mi stigli, Seli je čekala već pola
sata.)
 When I called on him he had been reading for a while. (Kada sam ga posetio, on je čitao već neko
vreme.)
 Prosto buduće vreme (The Future Simple Tense)
Future Simple Tense (Prosto buduće vreme) se gradi od modalnog
glagola will i osnovnog oblika glagola (infinitiv bez to).

Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
I will (I’ll) work. (Ja ću raditi.)
You will (You’ll) work. (Ti ćeš raditi.)
He/She/It will (He’ll/She’ll/It’ll) work. (On/Ona/Ono će raditi.)
Množina (plural)
We will (We’ll) work. (Mi ćemo raditi.)
You will (You’ll) work. (Vi ćete raditi.)
They will (They’ll) work. (Oni će raditi.)

Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Future Simple Tense-u se gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni
oblik) modalnog glagola will i lične zamenice.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
Will I work? (Da li ću ja raditi?)
Will you work? (Da li ćeš ti raditi?)
Will he/she/it work? (Da li će on/ona/ono raditi?)
Množina (plural)
Will we work? (Da li ćemo mi raditi?)
Will you work? (Da li ćete vi raditi?)
Will they work? (Da li će oni raditi?)

Odrični oblik
Jednina (singular)
I will not (won’t) work. (Ja neću raditi.)
You will not (won’t) work. (Ti nećeš raditi.)
He/She/It will not (won’t) work. (On/Ona/Ono neće raditi.)
Množina (plural)
We will not (won’t) work. (Mi nećemo raditi.)
You will not (won’t) work. (Vi nećete raditi.)
They will not (won’t) work. (Oni neće raditi.)

Upotreba
Da bismo govorili o radnjama koje predviđamo da će se desiti u budućnosti (future predictions):
 She will travel to Jamaica next year. (Ona će putovati na Jamajku sledeće godine.)
 Will it rain tomorrow? (Hoće li padati kiša sutra?)
Za odluke donete u trenutku govora:
 A: We ran out of the sugar. (Nestalo nam je šećera.)
B: I’ll go and buy some. (Otići ću i kupiću ga.)
 Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Simple Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama koje su se dogodile u
neodređenom trenutku u prošlosti i gde je jasno naznačeno da je radnja završena. Tako je
pri upotrebi Present Perfect Tense-a subjekat više zainteresovan za rezultat radnje:
 Mary has bought a new car. (Meri je kupila novi auto.)
 I have broken my leg. (Slomila sam nogu.)
Present Perfect Continuous Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama za koje nismo sasvim
sigurni da su završene.Ovim vremenom ističemo da smo više zainteresovani za dužinu
trajanja radnje nego posledice koje ona ostavlja:
 He has been working for the same company since 1966. (On radi za istu kompaniju od 1966.
godine.)
 I have been talking to my sister for more than two hours. (Razgovarala sam sa svojom sestrom više
od dva sata.)
Tako se Present Perfect Simple koristi uz how much i how many, a Present Perfect
Continuous Tense uz how long:
 How many cakes have you made? (Koliko kolača si napravila?)
 How much sugar have you bought? (Koliko šećera si kupio?)
 How long have you been making cakes? (Koliko dugo praviš kolače?)
Razliku ćemo videti i u primerima:
 I have read a book. You can have it back. (Pročitala sam knjigu. Možeš je uzeti natrag.)
 I have been reading a book, so you can't have it back. (Čitam knjigu, pa je ne možeš uzeti natrag.)
U prvoj rečenici radnja je kompletirana dok u drugoj nije. U nekim slučajevima oba vremena se
mogu koristiti sa istim značenjem. Često sa glagolima live i work:
 I have been working for this company for 5 years. (Radim za ovu kompaniju već 5 godina.)
 I have worked for this company for 5 years. (Radim za ovu kompaniju već 5 godina.)
 I've been living in London since 1997. (Živim u Londonu od 1997.)
 I've lived in London since 1997. (Živim u Londonu od 1997.)
U slučajevima kada je dužina trajanja radnje naglašena, koristićemo Present Perfect Continuous:
 I have been working here for ages. (Radim ovde već godinama.)
Conditionals – kondicionali u engleskom jeziku
Postoje četiri tipa uslovnih rečenica (kondicionala) u engleskom: zero conditional, first
conditional, second conditional, third conditional, mixed conditional. Kondicionali su složene
rečenice koje se sastoje od dve proste rečenice koje vezuje veznik IF koji se u zavisnosti od
konteksta prevodi kao AKO, KAD ili DA.
Zero conditional
If + present simple ( uslovna ili IF rečenica) ; present simple, imperative,
can ili must + infinitive (glavna rečenica)
Zero conditional koristimo kada govorimo o činjenicama, opštim pravilima ili situacijama
koje su uvek istinite, tj. gde postoji logičan sled događaja. When vrlo često može da
zameni IF.
If you heat water, it boils. Kada zagrevate vodu, ona ključa.
If you heat snow, it melts. Ako/Kada zagrevate sneg, on se topi.
When/If you eat too many sweets, you get fat. Ako/kada jedete previše slatkiša, gojite se.
If you go outside, don’t forget to bring your umbrella. Ako izlaziš napolje, ne zaboravi da
poneseš kišobran.
If you intend to get a scholarship, you must study hard. Ako nameravaš da dobiješ stipendiju,
moraš naporno učiti.
If you don’t have a driving licence, you can’t drive a car. Ukoliko nemate vozačku dozvolu, ne
možete voziti automobil.
First conditional – prvi kondicional
IF + present simple (uslovna ili IF rečenica); will/shall + infinitive
(glavna rečenica)
First conditional koristimo kada govorimo o situacijama/radnjama koje će se dogoditi u
budućnosti ali koje zavise od ispunjenja nekog uslova u bliskoj budućnosti.
If you study hard, you will pass the exams. Ako budete vredno učili, položićete ispite.
If I pass the exams, I will get a present from my parents. Ako položim ispite, dobiću poklon od
svojih roditelja.
If I pass my driving test , I will take my girlfriend out to celebrate. Ako položim vozački ,
proslaviću sa svojom devojkom.
Sarah will be very disappointed if her boyfriend forgets her birthday again. Sara će biti jako
razočarana ako njen dečko ponovo zaboravi njen rođendan.
If the weather is nice and sunny tomorrow, we will go to the beach. Ako sutra bude lepo i
sunčano vreme , ići ćemo na plažu.
If you don’t listen to my advice, you will get into trouble. Ukoliko ne budeš slušao moje savete,
bićeš u problemu.
Second conditional – drugi kondicional
If + past simple (uslovna ili IF rečenica); would ili should + infinitive
(glavna rečenica)
Ovde je mogućnost ispunjenja uslova mala. Koristimo ga da bi pričali o
hipotetičkim/nemogućim situacijama.
 I’d listen to your mother’s advice if I were you. Da sam na tvom mestu poslušao bih savet tvoje
majke.
She would be happy if he asked her out. Ona bi bila presrećna ako bi je on pozvao da izađu.
If she could speak a foreign language, she would find a better job. (She doesn’t speak a foreign
language. That’s why she can’t/won’t be able to find a better job). Da ona govori neki strani
jezik, pronašla bi bolji posao.
What would you do if you won the lottery? Šta biste uradili ukoliko biste dobili na lotou?
If they paid me a good salary, I’d do that job. (They don’t pay me a good salary so I don’t want
to do that job) Da me dobro plaćaju, radio bih taj posao.
If I had time I'd help you. (I don’t have time, so I can’t help you) Pomogao bih ti da imam
vremena.

Third conditional – treći kondicional

If + past perfect (uslovna ili IF rečenica); would have +past participle
(glavna rečenica)
Za razliku od prvog i drugog kondicionala koji govore o budućnosti, treći kondicional govori
o prošlosti. Mi ovde govorimo o uslovu koji se nije ispunio u prošlosti i kao rezultat ne
postoji mogućnost ispunjenja uslova u budućnosti.
If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a house. (but…I didn’t win the lottery, so I didn’t
buy a house) Da sam dobio na lotou, kupio bih kuću. (ali…nažalost, nisam dobio na lotou
tako da nisam kupio kuću).
If I had seen him, I would have told him that I missed him. (but…I didn’t see him so I never told
him I missed him) Da sam ga videla, rekla bih mu da mi nedostaje. (ali…nisam ga videla
tako da mu nisam ni rekla)
If I had had enough money, I would have gone to London. (but… I didn’t have money so I didn’t
go to London) Da sam imala dovoljno novca, otišla u London. (ali … nisam imala novca
tako da nisam otišla u London)
If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam. (but ... she didn't study... so she didn't
pass the exam) Da je više učila položila bi ispit. (ali …nije dovoljno učila tako da nije položila
ispit)
The Passive voice in English
Pasivno stanje se u rečenici koristi kada smo zainteresovani za osobu ili predmet nad
kojom se vrši radnja ili za samu radnju ali ne i za vršioca radnje. Subjekat aktivne rečenice
postaje ‘agent’ pasivne rečenice koji je vrlo često izostavljen ali kada želimo da ga
spomenemo, uvodimo ga uz pomoć predloga ‘by’. Objekat aktivne rečenice postaje
subjekat pasivne rečenice. Na primer:
The room was decorated. (vršilac radnje nam nije bitan)
Soba je juče ukrašena.
The room was decorated by my boyfriend.
Soba je ukrašena od strane mog dečka. (želimo da naglasimo vršioca radnje u pasivnoj
rečenici)
Mada, ukoliko znamo ko je vršilac radnje i želimo to da naglasimo uvek je bolje koristiti
aktivnu rečenicu.
Tense: Present Simple
Active: My boyfriend decorates the room.
Passive: The room is decorated (by my boyfriend).
Tense: Present Continuous
Active: My boyfriend is decorating the room.
Passive: The room is being decorated (by my boyfriend).
Tense: Past Simple
Active: My boyfriend decorated the room.
Passive: The room was decorated (by my boyfriend).
Tense: Past Continuous
Active: My boyfriend was decorating the room.
Passive: The room was being decorated (by my boyfriend).
Tense: Present Perfect
Active: My boyfriend has just decorated the room.
Passive: The room has just been decorated (by my boyfriend).
Tense: Past Perfect
Active: My boyfriend had decorated the room.
Passive: The room had been decorated (by my boyfriend).
Tense: Future simple
Active: My boyfriend will decorate the room.
Passive: The room will be decorated (by my boyfriend).
Tense: Future-going to
Active: My boyfriend is going to decorate the room.
Passive: The room is going to be decorated.
Modals: Must
Active: My boyfriend must decorate the room.
Passive: The room must be decorated.