Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Gerald Lee
Christine Goldsworthy
Open Startup.txt
Startup File Parameter Issues
Open Preferences
Program Shortcuts
• Example:
–Time domain simulation
–Time step of 1 ms
–Run the case for three 60 Hz cycles
(0.05 s)
Open Settings
ATP Draw: Simulation Menu
• Print freq
– Solution points are written to .lis
file each “n” time steps.
• Plot freq
– Solution points are written to .pl4
file each “n” time steps
– Recommended to be an odd
number.
• Auto-detect simulation errors
–Display an error message if ATP
crashes
Open Output
Using ATP Draw
• Nodes
• Machines
• Sources
–synchronous, induction, dc
–voltage, current
• Transmission lines & cables
–ac, dc, ramp, surge
–lumped parameter (pi),
• Passive circuit elements distributed parameter, line
–linear & nonlinear R, L, C constants
–MOV • TACS (Transient Analysis of
• Switches Control Systems)
–time-controlled, voltage- –transfer functions, math
controlled, statistical, power statements, logical operators
electronics –sample and hold, time delay,
• Transformers min/max, frequency meter
–ideal, saturable • User-defined
–MODELS, library files, groups
Open example <ALL.ACP> to see what is in the .SCL file
• Edit -> Move Label (ctrl + L) to move node names or labels that are inside the
component icon area
• Sort by Cards
– Elements will be sorted by type:
branch, switch, source, TACS
• Sort by Order
– Each ATP Draw element has a
Group Number field
– Elements with smaller numbers will
be placed first in the .atp file
– Doesn’t work for TACS (bug)
• Modeling principles
• All of the
components in
the graphics
have been un-
hidden
Open 1-Example
Voltage Sources
Show switch
Passive Circuit Elements
Show Type 92
MOSA Model Data
Open Zno.atp
Alt. MOSA Model using ZNO Fitter
• Now lets run your model directly in ATP to create a punch file that contains the
characteristic you will need.
• If everything works correctly you should have a ZNO.pch file in the same
directory containing the ZNO.atp file
• Look at the Multiplier – if near 1 comment out everything except the data in the
green box below and save the file as for example ZNO.lib
Open ZnO.pch
Alt. MOSA Model using ZNO Fitter
• Now open a new MOV Type 3-ph dialog enter a Vref at about 75% of
the desired protective level and go to the “characteristics” dialog to
enter the model
• Now “Edit”, “Import” your new model (example should be zno.lib)
• The only thing left to do is to test it and make a final Vref adjustment
Testing MOSA Models
• All arrester models must be tested to verify that there are no errors and the desired
protective level is obtained
• To test the model open Example 2 and paste your new arrester in this case
• Adjust the source voltage to just above the protective level and run the case.
• Now using Plotxwin, plot the voltage against the current and check the protective level
• If the protective level is not correct adjust Vref in your arrester model dialog and re-run
the case, once it checks out it is ready to use elsewhere.
• Floating sub-network
– Watch out in delta windings
Open 3-Transformers.acp
Saturable Transformers
• Windings can be
configured as a wye,
delta, auto or zig-zag
• Primary/Secondary Voltages
– “PRI” “SEC#” nodes
– 69 kV – 12.47 kV (L-L, rms)
• Ideal, Y-Y
– “SEC1” node
• BCTran, Y-Y
– “SEC2” node
• BCTran, Y-D
– “SEC3” node
• Hybrid, Y-Y
– “SEC4” node
Transformer Waveforms
12 200
[kV] [A]
150
8
• Plots of primary and 4
100
secondary voltage 0
50
-100
secondary currents -8
-150
-12 -200
0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50 0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50
(f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) v :PRI1A v :SEC1A (f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) c:SEC1A - c:SEC1B - c:SEC1C -
• Ideal Transformer
12 200
[kV] [A]
150
8
• BCTran Y-Y 4
100
50
0 0
-50
-4
-100
-8
-150
-12 -200
0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50 0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50
(f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) v :PRI1A v :SEC2A (f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) c:SEC2A - c:SEC2B - c:SEC2C -
and secondary 0 0
voltage -4
-100
secondary currents
-12 -200
0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50 0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50
(f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) v :PRI1A v :SEC3A (f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) c:SEC3A - c:SEC3B - c:SEC3C -
12 200
[kV] [A]
• BCTran D-Y
150
8
100
4
50
0 0
• Hybrid Y-Y -4
-50
-100
-8
-150
-12 -200
0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50 0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50
(f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) v :PRI1A v :SEC4A (f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) c:SEC4A - c:SEC4B - c:SEC4C -
2000 200
[V] [A]
1500 150
1000
• All four secondary
100
500 50
voltages and 0 0
currents
-500 -50
-1000 -100
-1500 -150
-2000 -200
0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50 0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50
(f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) v :SEC1A v :SEC2A v :SEC3A (f ile 3-Transf ormers.pl4; x-v ar t) c:SEC1A - c:SEC2A - c:SEC3A -
v :SEC4A c:SEC4A -
Transmission Line Models
• Lumped p model
– Inadequate for electromagnetic transient analysis
• Constant distributed parameter models
– R, L, and C do not vary with frequency
– Clarke and KC Lee lines in ATP
• Inputs: sequence components or Line Constants
• Frequency dependent distributed parameter model
– Characteristics of zero sequence, or ‘ground mode’ of a line
change significantly with frequency
• Increase in resistance, decrease in inductance with frequency
– JMarti line in ATP
• Inputs: Line Constants – physical properties of the conductors
(size, dc resistance, spacing between phases, transposition,
overhead ground wires)
Clarke Line Model
Click on View
Shows the graphical
representation of what
you entered
• Unselect “Transposed” if
you plan on entering specific
transpositions between line
Segments
• Unselect “Segmented
Ground” where the OHGW is
Continuously bonded to each
Structure
• Overview
• Input and Output
• Components
• Example: A/D conversion
Overview of TACS
• Transient Analysis of Control Systems
– Transfer functions, devices, logical and mathematical operators
• TACS gets voltage, current and/or switch status inputs from the electrical
network
• TACS sends voltage or current source magnitude, switch open or close signals
or variable resistance values to network
• TACS has been used for HVDC, SVCs, breaker prestrike, continuous analysis of
network quantities and much more.
• TACS can be run in “Hybrid” mode with the electrical network or in a “Stand
Alone” mode using only TACS components.
• Use the same name for electrical and TACS input nodes
– If working with a 3-phase electrical network, add the phase letter
to the TACS node name because inputs to TACS components
are 1-phase
• “Probes & 3-phase -> Probe Tacs” sends outputs from the
TACS network to the .pl4 file
– Similar to the voltage and current probes used in the electrical
network
• TACS-controlled switches, sources, and resistors
– Electrical components used to implement feedback control
– Give the control node the same name as the TACS network output
node
– These components are 1-phase only, so a splitter may be needed
when working with 3-phase networks
• Run ATP
Note:Newer versions of ATP now use “.acp” for file extensions due to
conflicts with Microsoft file extension “.adp”. Either “.acp” or the
older ATP file extension “.adp” will run in newer version of ATP.
Run 1-Example
Input and Output Files
Show output
Open .atp File
Open .lis File
• Network connections
• You could:
– Copying the newer version of listsize.dat (7/28/1998) from the class CD
into the directory where ATP is installed might solve some of these
problems
• Same directory as TPBIGW.exe
– If not, try modifying the case until you can get it to run
– Use GIGMINGW.zip version
– Complile your own version is sometimes an option
ATP Errors
• ATP formatting rules are extremely unforgiving
– Exactly 80 characters per line
• Multiple programs exist for plotting output signals from ATP cases
• Input format: .pl4, Comtrade, or Text Table
• ATP Analyzer
– Perform mathematical analysis functions
– Compare waveforms from different cases
– Overlay charts or separate charts
– View and generate Comtrade or Text Table files
• PlotXY or PlotXwin
– Fast and easy to use
– Multiple plot windows
– Lacks advanced mathematical analysis capabilities
Using PlotXY or PLOTXWIN
• Buttons
– Grid, Cursor, Manual Scale, Title, Mark, Copy, Print
• Selection commands
– Edit Selections
– Select All
– Clear Selections
• Zoom
– Time -> Zoom
– In: Left Click and draw a
box
– Out: Right Click
0.6
0.0
-0.3
-0.6
5 6 7 8 9 10 [ms] 11
(f ile 1-ExampleCkt.pl4; x-v ar t) v :L1B v :L2B v :L3B v :L4B
v :L5B
Analysis Functions
Show Features
Analysis: Mathematical
• Logarithms
• Multiply by a constant
• RMS
Comtrade Files
• Features
• Creating a Model
• Predefined Functions
• Model Examples
MODELS
• Part 1: Declaration
– Begins with MODEL and the name of the main model
– Inputs, outputs, data, global constants, variables, submodels, user-
defined functions, memory allocation (delay), and history signals
– Performed once, at the start of the ATP simulation
• Part 2: Initialization
– Begins with INIT, ends with ENDINIT
– Set initial values of variables and outputs once, at the start of the
ATP simulation
• Part 3: Execution
– Begins with EXEC, ends with ENDEXEC
– Calculations and assignments performed at every simulation time
step
– Use pre-compiled functions and/or user-defined functions
Pre-Defined MODELS Functions
•Data
–Parameters that can be varied by the ATP Draw user for each instance of the model
–Set the default values
•Nodes
–Kind (see next slide)
–Position (1-12)
–Number of phases (1 or 3)
•Edit the icon
•Add a help file
–Describe the function of the model
–Define the inputs, outputs, and data
MODELS Nodes
• Frequency scan
• Harmonic frequency scan
• Statistic and systematic switches
Frequency Domain Simulation Settings
Angle Imaginary
Harmonic Frequency Scan
• Output voltages and currents
resulting from harmonic distortion
• Statistic switch
– random opening / closing times
• Systematic switch
– Incremental opening / closing times
• Probability distribution
– Gaussian if IDIST = 0
– Uniform if IDIST = 1
Statistic Switches
1) Create and run a case with ATP Draw to generate a .pl4 file
2) Open the .pl4 file with ATP Analyzer
3) Save desired voltage and current signals as Comtrade files (binary or
ASCII format)
4) Open the Comtrade file with the test equipment software (Doble F6150,
ProTest or TransWin programs)
5) Play the voltage and current signals into the relay