USE OF SEISMIC VELOCITY CHARTS ‘The charts of ripper performance estimated by seismic wave velocities have been developed from field tests conducted in a variety of materials. Con- sidering the extreme variations among materials and even among rocks of a specific classification, the charts must be recognized as being at best only one indicator of rippability. Accordingly, consider the following precautions when evaluating the feasibility of ripping a given formation: — Tooth penetration is often the key to ripping success, regardless of seismic velocity. This is particularly true in homogeneous materials such as mudstones and claystones and the fine-grained caliches. It is also true in tightly cemented formations such as conglomerates, some glacial tills and caliches containing rock fragments. — Low seismic velocities of sedimentaries can indicate probable rippability. However, if the fractures and bedding joints do not allow tooth penetration, the material may not be ripped effectively. — Pre-blasting or “popping” may induce sufficient fracturing to permit tooth entry, particularly in the caliches, conglomerates and some other rocks; but the economics should be checked carefully when considering popping in the higher grades of sandstones, limestones and granites. Ripping is still more art than science, and much will depend on operator skill and experience. Rip- ping for scraper loading may call for different tech niques than if the same material is to be dozed away. Cross-ripping requires a change in approach. The number of shanks used, length and depth of shank, tooth angle, direction, throttle position — all must be adjusted according to field conditions. Ripping success may well depend on the operator finding the proper combination for those conditions.DaR/DER Series II Multi or Single Shank No. 8 Ripper © Estimated by Seismic Wave Vel Seismic Velocity 0 il 2 3 4 Meters Per Second > 1000 l 1 1 | | Feet Pr Second > 1000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TOPSOIL CLAY GLACIAL TILL IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANITE, oo SN TRAP ROCK i NNNNANANAAAAANAND | SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ee ‘SHALE Mii gg SANDSTONE _ RSNNNNSSNNNST ‘SILTSTONE EN RSIS CLAYSTONE oS TTRSSSSSSSSSSSNNNT ‘CONGLOMERATE aE oo | CALICHE [TRS HSNNNNNNT UMESTONE == TH BSSSSSSSSSSSSSNSNN METAMORPHIC ROCKS eT SCHIST SLATE MINERALS & ORES COAL 'FON ORE arose MARGINAL Non-RIPPABLE LETTSDSR © Multi or Single Shank No. 9 Ripper ‘© Estimated by Seismic Wave Velocities Seismic Velocity 0 Motors Per Second x 1900, l Feet Per Second x 1000 1 2 3 11012 13 «1415 TOPSOIL CLAY GLACIAL TILL IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANTE BASALT TRAP ROCK ‘SEDIMENTARY ROCKS SHALE ‘SANDSTONE SILTSTONE CLAYSTONE CONGLOMERATE BRECCIA CALICHE UMESTONE METAMORPHIC ROCKS SCHIST SLATE MINERALS & ORES COAL. IRON ORE | MARGINAL NON-RIPPABLE RQDIOR # Multi or Single Shank No. 10 Ripper «Estimated by Seismic Wave Velocities Seismic Velocity 0 Meters Per Second x 1000 Feat Per Second x 1000 1 2 8 TOPSOIL cLaY GLACIAL TILL IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANITE BASALT TRAP ROCK SEDIMENTARY ROCKS SHALE SANDSTONE SILTSTONE CLAYSTONE: CONGLOMERATE BRECCIA CALICHE LMESTONE METAMORPHIC ROCKS schist SLATE MINERALS & ORES coAL IRON ORE ZIZVA\ ZZ AZ INS MARGINAL NON-RIPPABLEDIR ‘© Multi or Single Shank No. 11 Ripper © Estimated by Seismic Wave Velocities Seismic Velocity Meters Per Second » 1000 Feet Per Second * 1000 GLACIAL TILL IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANITE BASALT TRAP ROCK ‘SEDIMENTARY SHALE ‘SANDSTONE SILTSTONE CLAYSTONE CONGLOMERATE. BRECCIA CALICHE LIMESTONE: METAMORPHIC. scHist SLATE MINERALS & ORES COAL IRON ORE i Zak non-riPPaBle LYS ZDIIRCD @ Single Shank No. 11 Ripper ¢ Estimated by Seismic Wave Velocities Seismic Velocity Meters Per Second 1000 Feet Per Second x 1000 GLACIAL TILL IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANITE BASALT TRAP ROCK. SEDIMENTARY SHALE SANDSTONE SILTSTONE: CLAYSTONE CONGLOMERATE, BRECCIA CALICHE UMESTONE METAMORPHIC schist SuaTE MINERALS & ORES OAL IRON ORE aero MARGINAL Zig S NS non-rippasle KIORippers Estimated Ripper Production Graphs © D8R/DSR Series Il @ DOR CONSIDERATIONS FOR USING PRODUCTION ESTIMATED GRAPHS: © Machine rips full-time — no dozing. © Power shift tractors with single shank rippers. © 100% efficiency (60 min hour). © Charts are for all classes of material. © In igneous rock with seismic velocity of 8000 fps (2450 mps) or higher for the D11R, and 6000 fps (1830 mps) or higher for the D10R, D9R and D8R, the production figures shown should be reduced by 25%. © Upper limit of charts reflect ripping under ideal conditions only. If conditions such as thick lami- nation, vertical lamination or any factor which would adversely affect production are present, the lower limit should be used. D8R WITH SINGLE SHANK 2500 3000. 2250 2780: 2000 ‘= 2500. = 2 220 Al ve 3 8 2000 1500 & gi frase 5 to ‘ooo 8 a 1250. B a E 1000. 750 750 - 500 250 250 tee 8 SEISMIC VELOCITY (in feet per second x 1000) 1 2 ———— Se SEISMIC VELOCITY (in meters per second x 1000) 2000: DOR WITH SINGLE SHANK 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 PRODUCTION (BCY/hour) Z g SEISMIC VELOCITY ‘SEISMIC VELOCITY (in meters per second x 1000) 750 250 2h ace 4 eo 6 1 Ls. feet per second x 1000) 2 PRODUCTION (Bm*/hour) EE KEY. A— IDEAL B— ADVERSEEstimated Ripper Production Graphs D10R WITH SINGLE SHANK o 1500 A so. 250 7 Low = . 1750 g E vaso é Seow. wo & z 2 3m] 8 wo 8 E sso m5 2 raso 080. = 3 8 2 so 1 2 E i s00 s00 260 250 roa ‘SEISMIC VELOCITY (in feet per second x 1000) 1 2 Se SEISMIC VELOCITY (in meters per second x 1000) D11R CD WITH SINGLE SHANK 5000 780 A 3000 = 5 3 2 é 2 = 8 oo wo & Zz g & 5 2000 = oy 3 B 3 8 8 & sooo ae ce ee eee SEISMIC VELOCITY (in feet per second x 1000) 1 2 3 SS SEISMIC VELOCITY (in meters per second x 1000) eD PRODUCTION (BCY/hour) 10R @D11R @D11RCD D11R WITH SINGLE SHANK 3750 ‘5000 4000 A 3000 3000 2250 2000 ‘500, B 1000 os eee 0) SEISMIC VELOCITY (in feet per second x 1000) 2 3 tt ‘SEISMIC VELOCITY (in meters per second x 1000) KEY. A— IDEAL B— ADVERSE Rippers PRODUCTION (Bm*/hour)