Justin Johnson, Joe Pommier, Mike Wang

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A consumer device that ³just works´ Consists of a single box that can be plugged
in, easily configured for your television, and will work reliably indefinitely
Works with already functional infrared remote control receivers built into most
television sets Uses infrared light to track movements
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Encompasses camera, clock generation, and logic level translation circuitry Camera
is a Pixart infrared sensitive digital camera with onboard digital signal
processing
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Use a crystal oscillator and double inverters to create 25MHz clock Using an
LTC4301 I2C bus buffer chip, perform logic level translations between +5V on the
Arduino side and +3.3V on the camera side With properly written software,
communication with the camera was successful
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Laid out circuit in Eagle and ordered a PCB About to solder on the camera and
realized the pins were reversed Had to re-layout the PCB Tested the clock circuit
by plotting the waveform on an oscilloscope
While the clock wasn¶t close to a perfect square wave, the rise and fall was fast
enough (<2ms)

Once software was written, the I2C signals were able to be seen on an oscilliscope
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Simply an infrared LED modulated at 36KHz Turned on and off 67 times for various
times, specified in milliseconds Tested by writing a simple program to loop through
various remote control codes that were recorded Verified that TV reacted in the way
expected
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Infrared 20x10 LEDs for releasing Infrared light flood 1.7 V, 50mA DC voltage and
current through each LED
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Power Supply: a 36V AC/DC Voltage Converter (Input 110V AC, Output 36V DC) Constant
current source is made of 10 LM317 Voltage Regulator and 10 100ohm resistors Each
LM317 with a 100ohm resistor with it is connected in series with each row of LEDs
Input Voltage for each row of LEDs: ~36V Input Current for each row of LEDs:
50~55mA System Power Consumption: ~20 Watts
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Initially we used Current Mirrors for making constant current, including 11 NPN BJT
transistors: successfully simulated, inconsistent at proto-type performance We
upgraded Current Mirrors to Wilson Current Mirrors by adding extra transistors to
the mirrors in order to stabilize the outputs: successful at supporting a single
row of LEDs, unsuccessful at supporting multi rows of LEDs We also thought of using
Op-Amps, but it¶s not cost-effective and it is hard to get Op-Amps with 36V
tolerance.
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Why we chose LM317 circuit plan: *Initially we chose Current Mirrors for lowering
manufacturing cost, but neither Wilson Current Mirrors nor Op-Amp costs less than
LM317. *All other plans result over-heating problems for resistors as well as large
power consumption
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Current Measurements: our final design shows that there is a current between
52.1~53.1 mA DC current through each row of LEDs with consistent performance LEDs
have been on duty without a single failure for more than 45 minutes of testing
since the completion of the LED Array. Temperature of resistors in the current
source circuit has been significantly lowered.

Row# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Current (mA) 52.3 52.5 52.5 52.1 53.1 52.6 52.8 52.9 52.4 52.8
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Initializes and samples coordinate data from the Pixart camera via I2C. Stores and
operates on the data received from the camera. Upon successful recognition of a
gesture, outputs the corresponding signal to the television.
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At first, wanted to have a sliding window of received coordinates with constant

comparisons to an accepted gesture for all four of the available points given by
the camera. Due to the severe limitations of our microcontroller, the gesture
software had to be toned down. We decided to operate only on most prominent
received point, and only detect the most rudimentary (straight line) gestures.
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The recognizing algorithm stores (x,y) data into arrays. Upon seeing blank frames,
or after one second data storage, it sends this data to a function that looks for a
gesture. To find a gesture, we first find the distance the point moved in both the
x and y directions. We then check direction of movement, and distance of movement
to determine whether or not we can consider the data to contain a gesture. If a
gesture is detected, we send a series of pulses to the IR transmitter to control
the television.
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The first version of the software that we used to test simply relayed what the
camera saw to a computer desktop. This was used extensively in debugging the later
code and the hardware. The final software had to go through a couple iterations as
we did not know the capacity of the Arduino, and so we had to compensate for a low
memory, low processor situation. The software was then calibrated for minimum pixel
movement to help filter out small movements as gestures.
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Once all the components were assembled, we addressed fine-tuning issues We were
unable to get enough infrared light to be reflected off our fingers We tried using
aluminum foil to reflect more light
This provided more reflection, but the useful range was limited to about one foot
Assembled a small LED ³pen´ in order to provide a single point source of light for
the infrared camera
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With this point source of light, we were able to exceed 6 feet of range Having
overhead lights on interfered only if the lights were in the line of sight
To find better reflection material in order to increase remote range and efficiency
To use stronger and fewer infrared LEDs for better performance and lowering
manufacturing cost To use more advanced cameras to increase gesture detection
ability
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Low Cost Analysis:

Proposed Manufacturing Cost: Camera: $3~5 Microcontroller: $10~15 LM317 x10: $3~5
LEDs and other minor components: < $5

Part Camera/Wiimote IR LEDs-880nm IR LED-940nm 3300uF capacitor Diode-1N4001 100uF

capacitor Power Transformer (120VAC->36VAC) Zener Diode-36V 2W resistors Circuit
Boards Microcontroller-Arduino 100pF capacitor Hex Inverter Crystal Oscillator
Consumable Materials Total

Quantity 1 250 1 1 8 1 1 1 14 2 1 2 1 1 1

Cost per unit Total Cost $40.00 $40.00 $0.16 $40.25 $0.11 $0.11 $4.24 $4.24 $0.04
$0.34 $0.20 $0.20 $13.09 $13.09 $0.28 $0.28 $0.05 $0.74 $3.00 $6.00 $30.00 $30.00
$0.20 $0.40 $0.10 $0.10 $5.71 $5.71 $3.00 $3.00 $144.47

Total: < $30

Prototype Cost: $144.47 Development cost for Natal: ???

What¶s the price you are expecting from our potential competitor ³Natal´? $100?
$200? or $300?
Fields which this low-cost gesture remote system can be applied at: # Basic TV
Remote # Projector # Active Video Game Devices # Confidential Access Devices #
Dancing and Other Entertainment Devices
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THANK YOU FOR COMING TO OUR PRESENTATION!